高考英语真题分项汇编三年（2021-2023）专题04 动词和动词短语

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专题04 动词和动词短语


1.（2023年全国甲卷完形填空）Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 21 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 22 its way down the hill toward us.
21．A．waited B．met C．camped D．stayed
22．A．making B．searching C．squeezing D．feeling
【答案】21.D 22..A
【详解】
【详解】
21． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。

2.（2023年全国乙卷完形填空）To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she ____21____ best. She had to ___22___ her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ____24____ waves on her board. But it was time to take the leap (飞跃), however heartbreaking it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she went off about 1,200 miles away from home, to train with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never ____29____ and everything was new to her.
21. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
22. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
24.A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike
29. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
【答案】21.D 22.B 24.C 29.A
【详解】
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried尝试；B. thought思考；C. judged判断；D. knew知道；熟悉，了解。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,200 miles away from home”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up从事；B. pack up整理；收拾行李；C. clean up清理；D. do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里，故选B。
24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause引起；B. observe观察；C. ride骑；漂浮；D. strike打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves意为“冲浪”，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met遇到；见过；B. helped帮助；C. understood理解；D. needed需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。
3. （2023年新高考I卷完形填空）As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
【答案】C
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
4.（2023年新高考II卷）As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
5.（新高考II卷完形填空）It just ___24___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___25___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___26___ Tiffy.
24. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
25. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
26. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D
【详解】
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
6.（2023年浙江卷1月完形填空）
I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few minutes to move the rope higher up the tree trunk.
44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
【答案】45.A 46.B 47.D
【解析】45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。
46． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。




1. (2022年新高考1卷 完形填空) Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___1___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___2___ our peaceful morning trip.
1. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
2. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
【答案】1. D 2. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去Vallecito湖时，天气突然变化，旅行被迫中断了。
1.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册,报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房,结账离开；D. headed off启程,出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。
3. (2022年全国甲卷 完形填空)When I first dated Steve, I ______ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.
A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。根据前文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。
4. (2022年全国乙卷 完形填空)They simply ________ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互认可和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up构成。根据后文“recognition and regard”可知，指坚持相互的认可和尊重。故选C项。
5. (2022年1月浙江卷)“I was simply_________a terrible experience,” Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.
A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我只是经历了一段可怕的经历，”伯德尼女士在多伦多的家中说。A.getting over克服；B.going through 经历；C.holding on等一下； D.passing down传下去。根据下文 a terrible experience可知，此处应选“经历”。故选B。
6.（2022年天津卷）If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.
A. highlight B. identify C. ignore D. prevent
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。
7. （2022年浙江卷6月完形填空）It is something that every manager should work hard to _________ among their team.
31．A．assess B．organize C．develop D．understand
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
8.（2022年浙江卷6月完形填空）For example teaching Jacky to swim means he has to __________ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
28．A．admit B．believe C．suggest D．imagine
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。


1. Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A. judge B. differ C. withdraw D. benefit
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。
2. (2021年6月 浙江卷 完形填空)At this store, people ________ and then go off to the side to bag their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up her and said.
A. show up B. call in C. check out D. sit down
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这家商店，人们结账后会到旁边去装他们自己的杂货。我的母亲正在把她的杂货放进购物袋时，一个陌生人走过来对她说。A. show up出现；B. call in召来，拜访；C. check out结账离开；D. sit down坐下。根据“then go off to the side to bag their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags” 可知，此处是 “人们结账后会到旁边去装他们自己的杂货”。故选C。
3. (2021年全国甲卷 完形填空)They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to ________ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere.
A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们冲向窗户，三四十只鸟都试图同时飞出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up 唤醒；B. get out出去；C. take off 脱下； D. break in 闯入。根据上文“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to ”可知，此处应该是这些鸟着急出去。故选B。
4. (2021年6新高考1卷 完形填空)________ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d expected.
A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。就像我在第一晚的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，压力比我预想的要大一些。A. Calm down冷静下来；B. Slow down慢下来；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on继续前进。根据语境可知，这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
5. (2021年 天津卷 完形填空) With that thought in mind, Pruitt ________ a plan and posted it on the community website.
A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. come up with提出；B. stick to坚持；C. give up放弃；D. break away from突然逃跑。根据后文 “a plan and posted it on the community website” 指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
6.(2021年浙江卷1月) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________ (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【详解】考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。