Unit 2 How often do you exercise？课时1 Section A-八年级英语上册同步精品讲义（人教版）

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
目标导航

Words
1. _______________ n. 家务劳动；家务事
2. _______________ adv. 几乎不；几乎没有
3. _______________ adv. 在任何时候；从来；曾经
4. _______________ adv. 一次；曾经
5. _______________ adv. 两次；两倍
6. _______________ n.（国际）互联网；因特网
7. _______________ n. 节目
8. _______________ adj. 忙的；满的；充满的
9. _______________ n. 摆动；秋千 v.（使）摆动；摇摆
10. _______________ adv. 大概；或许；可能
11. _______________ adv. 最小；最少 adj. & pron. 最小的；最少的
12. _______________ n. 咖啡
13. _______________ n. 健康；人的身体（或精神）状态
14. _______________ n. 结果；后果
15. _______________ n. 百分之……
16. _______________ adj. 在线（的）；联网（的）
17. _______________ n. 电视节目；电视机
18. _______________ conj. 虽然；尽管；即使
19. _______________ prep. 以；凭借；穿过
20. _______________ n. 头脑；心智
21. _______________ n. 身体
22. _______________ adj. & pron. 这样的；那样的；类似的
23. _______________ adv. 在一起；共同
24. _______________ v. 消失；灭亡；死亡
25. _______________ n. 作家；作者
26. _______________ n. 牙科医生
27. _______________ n. 杂志；期刊
28. _______________ adv. 然而；不过
29. _______________ prep.& conj.（用以引出比较的第二部分）比
30. _______________ adv. 几乎；差不多
31. _______________ pron. 没有一个；毫无
32. _______________ adv. 较少；较小 adj.& pron. 较少的；更少的
33. _______________ n. 得分；点 v. 指；指向
Phrases
1. ___________________________ 几乎从不
2. ___________________________ 摇摆舞
3. ___________________________ 至少；不少于；起码
4. ___________________________ 垃圾食品
5. ___________________________ 例如；像……这样
6. ___________________________ 多于
7. ___________________________ 少于
Sentences
1. How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？
2. How often does he watch TV? 他多久看一次电视？
3. What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末通常做什么？
4. What does she do on weekends? 她周末做什么？
5. Does she go shopping? 她去购物吗？
Grammar
1. how often引导的特殊疑问句。
2. 频率副词的用法。
知识精讲

Section A
1. What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末通常做什么？
on weekends“在周末”，泛指每个周末，而on the weekend则表示“在周末，在这个周末”，特指某个周末。☞ I have piano lessons on weekends. 我周末上钢琴课。（泛指周末）
☞ I will go shopping on the weekend. 周末我要去购物。（特指本周末）
注意：
① 表示“在周末”时，英式英语中用at: at weekends/at the weekend;
美式英语中用on：on weekends/on the weekend
②表示“在工作日”用on weekdays。
2. help with housework 帮忙做家务
（1）help with sth意为＂帮忙做某事＂。
☞ My little brother often helps with housework at home. 我弟弟经常在家帮忙做家务。
【知识拓展】
①help sb with sth = help sb to do sth意为＂帮助某人做某事＂。
☞ I often help him with his English. = I often help him (to) learn English. 我经常帮他学习英语。
②help oneself (to sth) 意为＂随便吃/喝（某物）；款待＂。
☞ Help yourself to some fruit. 随便吃些水果。
③can’t/couldn’t help doing sth意为＂情不自禁做某事＂。
☞ She couldn’t help crying. 她忍不住哭了。
（2）housework为不可数名词，意为＂家务劳动；家务活＂，常用短语为：do housework，意为＂做家务＂。☞ The boy doesn’t like doing housework. 这个男孩不喜欢做家务。
3. sometimes 有时
sometimes频度副词，意为＂有时＂。同义短语为at times。
☞ I sometimes play computer games. 我有时候玩电脑游戏
【易混辨析】
sometimes
频度副词
有时
表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often。
some times
名词短语
几次；几倍
其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times。
sometime
副词
某个时候
表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when。
some time
名词短语
一段时间
表示＂一段时间＂，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how long。
☞ Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。
☞ I have read the story some times. 这个故事我读了好几遍。
☞ I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. 下周的某个时间我要去上海。
☞ I’ll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。

sometimes，some times，sometime与some time
＂有时＂相聚加-s（sometimes），＂几次＂分开带-s（some times）。
相聚为＂某时（sometime）＂，分开＂一段时间（some time）＂。

Millie often goes to school by bus but ____________ her mother drives her to school.
A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
4. hardly ever 几乎从不
hardly ever相当于hardly，ever起强调作用。其中hardly用作副词，意为“几乎不/没有”，它本身具有否定意义，不能再与其他否定词连用。
☞ She hardly ever eats anything. 她几乎什么都没吃。
☞ There’s hardly any food left. 几乎没有剩下食物。
【易混辨析】 hardly与hard

用法
例句
hardly
副词， 意为“几乎不”
He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。
hard
用作副词，意为＂努力地＂；用作形容词，意为“硬的；困难的”。
He works hard. 他工作努力。
There were some hard questions on the exam paper.
试卷中有些难题。

【2020•黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区 】—Can you catch what I said?
—Sorry, I can ________ understand you.
A. mostly B. nearly C. hardly
5. every day 每天
☞ I like you more and more every day. 我一天比一天更加喜欢你了。
☞ He exercises every day. 他每天锻炼。
【易混辨析】 every day与everyday

用法
例句
every day
副词短语，作状语，意为＂每天＂，相当于each day。
He reads newspapers every day. 他每天都看报。
everyday
形容词，作定语，意为＂日常的＂，相当于daily。
The Internet has become part of our everyday life. 互联网已成为我们日常生活的一部分。

She watches the news _____________ so that she can learn about people’s _____________ life in other parts of the world.
A. everyday；every day B. every day；everyday C. every day；every day
6. once a week 每周一次
（1）once用作副词，表示次数，意为＂一次＂。次数的表达如下：
次数的表达
once
一次
twice
两次
three times
三次
many times
很多次

表达次数很容易，once，twice单独记，
三次以上有规律，基数词后加times就可以。
（2）once也可意为＂曾经＂。☞ He once lived in America. 他曾在美国生活过。
【知识拓展】
once的固定搭配：
at once 立即，马上 once again 再一次 once in a while 偶尔地

They watch TV ____________.
A. one a week B. once a week C. one the week D. once week
7. How often do you watch TV? 你多久看 一次电视？
本句是含有特殊疑问词组how often 的特殊疑问句。 how often 多久一次，用于对动作发生的频率进行提问。回答应该是频度副词或表示频率的词组，如always，usually，often，sometimes，never，hardly，ever every day，once a week，three times a day等。
☞ —How often do you go to the movies? 你多久去看一次电影？
—Once a week. 一周一次。
【易混辨析】
特殊疑问句中与how相关的疑问词组用法
词组
词义
用法
答语特征
how long
多久
询问时间多长
for/about＋一段时间
how often
多久一次
询问动作的频率
often， twice a week等
how soon
过多久以后
询问时间多久（用于一般将来时）
in＋一段时间
how far
多远
询问距离多远
ten minutes’ walk
how many
多少
询问可数名词数量
数词＋可数名词复数
how much
多少
询问不可数名词数量
数词＋表示量的词＋of＋不可数名词
多少钱
询问价格
数词＋货币单位

用how long， how often， how soon，how far完成下列句子
1. —____________ have you been in China?
—For three years.
2. —_____________will he back?
—In five minutes.
3. —______________ do you visit you grandparents?
—Once a week.
4. —________________ should I throw it?
—Five metres.
8. ... next week is quite full for me... ……我下周相当忙……
full形容词，此处意为＂忙的＂，其同义词是busy，反义词是free。
☞ Her life is so full that she doesn’t have time for hobbies. 她的生活太忙了，以至于她没有时间培养业余爱好。
【知识拓展】
（1）full用作形容词，还可意为＂满的；充满的＂，其反义词是empty（空的）。常用短语：be full of 意为＂充满……；装满……＂。
☞ The classroom is full of students. 教室里满是学生。
☞ He could only nod because his mouth was full. 他只能点点头，因为他嘴里塞满了东西。
（2）full 用作形容词，还可意为＂饱的＂，其反义词是hungry（饥饿的）。
☞ I can’t eat any more. I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。

Your garden is ____________ beautiful flowers.
A. full of B. full with C. filled of D. fill with
9. How come? 为什么呢？/怎么会呢？
How come相当于“Why?/Why is it?/For what reason or purpose?”, 用于询问某事为什么会发生，或为什么会有某种情况存在，可单独使用，也可接陈述语序的句子。
☞ How come you didn’t tell me about it? 你怎么不告诉我这件事？
☞ How come Tom didn’t come to the party? 汤姆怎么没来参加聚会呢？
10. Well , how about Tuesday? 那么，周二怎么样？
How about…? (=What about…?) 意为“……怎么样？”，用来向对方征求意见或询问情况。
☞ I like vegetables. How /What about you ? 我喜欢蔬菜。你呢？
☞ It’s sunny today. How /What about playing tennis?今天阳光明媚。去打网球怎么样？

—It’s a fine day today. How about ____________?
—Sounds great!
A. go hiking B. go to hike C. going hiking D. to go to hike
11. Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends. 噢，我得跟我的朋友打网球。
have to 意为“不得不，必须”，其后接动词原形，进行各种句式转换时需借助于助动词。
☞ I have to do my homework now. 我现在不得不做家庭作业。
☞ We don’t have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。
【易混辨析】 have to与must
have to
不得不，必须，侧重客观需求
有人称、数和时态的变化
must
必须，侧重于主观上自己认为有义务、有必要
没有人称和数的变化
☞ Does your mother have to get up early? 你妈妈不得不早起吗？
☞ I must go now. 现在我必须走了。
12. maybe adv. 大概；或许；可能
maybe为副词，意为＂大概；或许；可能＂。表示推测，一般位于句首。
☞ Maybe these nutrients are helpful to your health. 或许这些营养品对你的健康有帮助。
☞ Maybe he knows the way to the zoo. 也许他知道去动物园的路。
【易混辨析】 maybe与may be

用法
例句
maybe
副词，意思是＂也许，可能＂，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 可能天气会变得好一些。
Maybe you are right and she may be a little late. 或许你说得对，她可能有点晚了。
may be
may 是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为＂也许是；可能是＂。
Maybe he’s wrong.
=He may be wrong. 或许他错了。
He may be in the office.
=Maybe he is in the office.
他或许在办公室。

巧记maybe与may be
合并作状语，分开作谓语。
舍maybe仍有意，丢may be可不成。

—Look at the animal behind the tree. It _______ cat.
—________ you are right.
A. maybe；May be B. maybe；Maybe
C. may be；Maybe D. may be；May be
13. stay up 熬夜
stay up是固定短语，意为＂熬夜；不睡觉＂，与sit up同义。stay up late指＂熬夜到很晚，迟睡＂。
☞ He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。
☞ I used to stay up late with my mom and watch movies. 我过去常和妈妈熬夜看电影。

—What’s wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.
—I ____________ to prepare（准备）for the final exam last night.
A. picked up　　　　　 B. woke up C. put up D. stayed up
14. He plays at least twice a week.
least副词＂最小；最少＂，形容词＂最小的；最少的＂，least是little的最高级。短语at least表示＂至少＂，其反义短语为：at most 至多。
☞ He has the least money of the three. 这三个人中，他的钱最少。
☞ I study at least for 6 hours every day. 我每天至少学习6个小时。
☞ At least he should say thanks. 他至少应该说声谢谢。
【知识拓展】
（1）least还可作副词，与形容词或副词的原级构成最高级，表示＂最不……＂。
☞ Bruce is the least outgoing of the three boys. 布鲁斯是三个男孩中最内向的。
（2）least的反义词为most，其常见的词组为：at most意为＂至多＂。
☞ The book is at most five yuan. 这本书至多五元。

There are ____________ three thousand people in the park.
A. at once　　　　 B. at all C. at least D. at a least
能力拓展

一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．I failed the exam but at ________ (little), I had tried my best.
2．The Englishman spoke so fast that I could ________ (hard) understand him.
3．Some of my classmates don't like to go ________ (shop).
4．He often _______________ (watch) his favorite program.
5．How about ______________ (dance) with him this evening?
6．His mother goes shopping three ______________ (time) a week.
7．Sometimes Ms. Hand _________ (have) lunch at school.
8．The Greens always _________ (read) newspapers in the morning.
9．Kate _________ (go) to the library once a week.
10．At school Tom never _________ (play) sports.
二、完成句子
11．我那么害怕以至于几乎不能清楚地思考。
I was ____ afraid ____ I ____ ____ think clearly.
12．每天我们至少锻炼一小时。
We exercise ______________________________ an hour a day.
13．How often ________ your father ________ (do) the housework?
14．Every evening Helen ________________ (帮着做家务) at home.
15．Maria, do you often ________________ (逛商店)?
三、句型转换
16．I go to the school library twice a week. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ do you go to the school library?
17．My grandma exercises in the park every afternoon.  (对划线部分提问)
__________________ your grandma _________ in the park every afternoon?
18．Mr. Smith sleeps seven hours every night.  (对划线部分提问)
___________________________ does Mr. Smith sleep every night?
19．Does your uncle eat vegetables every day?  (补全肯定答语)
Yes, __________________.
20．Mr. Green often goes fishing on weekends.  (改为一般疑问句)
_________ Mr. Green often _________ fishing on weekends?
分层提分


题组A 基础过关练
一、单选题
1．Some students watch TV_________ a week.
A．two B．twice C．the two D．two time
2．Some students can do very well in English exams, but sometimes they can ________ understand what a native speaker says.
A．exactly B．simply C．easily D．hardly
3．How often does Tom ____ TV? He ____ TV three times a week.
A．watches, watches B．watch, watches
C．watches, watch D．watched, watch
4．—____________do you go to the cinema?
—Once a month.
A．How long B．How far C．How often D．How much
5．—How often do you chat with your friends online?
— . I'm busy with my study.
A．Only one month. B．About twice a month.
C．Almost every day. D．Maybe in two weeks.
6．What does he usually do ________ weekends?
A．in B．on C．for D．of
7．—______ do they go to the countryside to exercise?
—Hardly ever.
A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How often
8．He ______ late to watch a football match last night.
A．got up B．stayed up C．put up D．cut up
9．Just do it, Cindy. ____ you’re the right person for the job.
A．Also B．Almost C．Maybe D．Later
10．I ______ get to school by bike.
A．sometime B．some time C．sometimes D．some times
题组B 能力提升练
二、阅读单选
Teenagers believe anything is possible if they study hard. But they often forget to think about healthy diets, enough sleep time and exercise. In fact, these things are really important for them to keep fit.
It is important for teenagers to get enough energy. Teenage girls need about 2,200 calories a day while boys need a bit more—doctors suggest 2,800 for teenage boys.50% of their calories should come from healthy food—rice, vegetables and fruit. People often say an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Teenagers also need to drink a lot of water,6 to 8 glasses a day. Drinking enough water will improve their skin.
Teenagers usually need eight to ten hours’ sleep at night, but many Chinese teenagers do not get enough sleep. A report shows that without a good night’s sleep, teenagers seem to be weaker than they should be. Too much homework is not the only reason why teenagers stay up late. Some watch TV or play computer games late into the night. Teenagers should develop good study habits.So some clever students never study late, but they are able to work well in class.
Exercise is something that can help them. Experts suggest that teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. They will feel relaxed when they exercise. It can even help them sleep better at night.
11．How many things are important for teenagers to keep fit?
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
12．Half of their calories should come from.
A．rice,vegetables and fruit B．rice,vegetables and meat
C．rice,vegetables and water D．milk and meat
13．The last paragraph(段) mainly talks about.
A．sleeping better B．basic energy
C．necessary exercise D．more exercise
14．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Boys need much more calories than girls. B．Teenagers need to drink 6 to 8 glasses of water a day.
C．Some clever students never study late. D．They will feel relaxed when they exercise.
15．The passage tells teenagers how to .
A．eat and drink well B．study hard C．keep fit D．drink well
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Joy loves instant noodles(方便面)．She eats them at least 16．(one)a week.She has a way to make them more delicious.She 17．(write)，“Although I know it is not good 18． me to eat a lot，I still love instant noodles—I think they are cheap and delicious.When I cook 19．(they)，I often add(加)something to make them more delicious.”
“I discard(丢弃)their flavorings(调味品)．I make the ‘flavoring’ by 20． (my)．When I cook the noodles，I always put 21． egg in them.I love eggs.They are one of my 22．(favorite)．Sometimes I put some pieces of meat.I 23． put some vegetables，sometimes cabbages and sometimes broccoli.Yesterday I tried tomatoes.They 24．(taste)great！Next time I'd like to try some beans.25． I enjoy instant noodles，I often go for a walk in the park.I feel great.”
四、完型填空
Maria is my friend.She had bad 26 two years ago.For example，she got up late and had 27 for breakfast.She disliked 28 school activities.After 29 home from school，she usually played computer games and 30 she watched TV.She 31 drank milk，and she ate junk food three 32 five times a week.
Then one day，she got sick.She had to be in hospital 33 ．It made her 34 that she must look after herself well.
Now Maria has 35 habits.She gets up early and 36 every morning.She usually runs for about an hour.Then she has a 37 breakfast.At school she plays all kinds of sports.She hardly ever plays computer games 38 watches TV.She drinks a cup of milk 39 going to bed.These good habits 40 her keep healthy and study well.
26．A．games B．friends C．programs D．habits
27．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything
28．A．to do B．doing C．do D．did
29．A．getting B．to get C．got D．gets
30．A．always B．sometimes C．never D．hardly
31．A．always B．often C．hardly ever D．sometimes
32．A．from B．on C．too D．to
33．A．once a week B．two weeks ago C．for three weeks D．twice a week
34．A．feeling B．feel C．felt D．feels
35．A．bad B．well C．bored D．good
36．A．sleeps B．exercises C．eats D．plays
37．A．easy B．hungry C．healthy D．free
38．A．and B．but C．or D．though
39．A．after B．when C．during D．before
40．A．tell B．help C．want D．take
题组C 培优拔尖练
五、完形填空
（2020江西省赣州市八年级英语期末测试）
Jack is a 41 writer. Lots of people like him and his works. Jack is different 42 many other writers. Although he needs to work at home and he likes reading and watching different 43 of TV shows, he doesn’t always stay at home. He likes going outside and exercising. 44 , he often runs, swims and goes skateboarding. 45 he also goes camping with his friends. He has many good habits so he is very happy. And he is always in good 46 . How can he keep healthy? He 47 us some advice(建议). Let’s have a look together.
First, keep 48 every day. He gets up at 6:00 a.m. and 49 for one hour every morning. And he walks to mountains three times a week. So don’t be lazy. Second, remember to have 50 . It’s very important. He always has a lot of porridge, bread or milk 51 doing morning exercises. Then 52 after working. Don’t worry too much about your 53 . It isn’t 54 for your health. You can try listening to music or walking with friends if you have time. He’s sure it will 55 you have a healthy body.
41．A．common B．lucky C．famous D．fresh
42．A．in B．from C．of D．with
43．A．kinds B．cultures C．reasons D．roles
44．A．Because of B．For example C．So far D．In fact
45．A．Hardly B．Finally C．Sometimes D．Luckily
46．A．life B．interest C．mind D．health
47．A．plans B．gives C．finds D．teaches
48．A．working B．writing C．exercising D．reading
49．A．runs B．watches C．drives D．jumps
50．A．meal B．dinner C．breakfast D．lunch
51．A．when B．if C．after D．as
52．A．relax B．talk C．practice D．leave
53．A．friends B．work C．homework D．housework
54．A．bad B．good C．nice D．cool
55．A．make B．try C．hope D．decide