Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake？课时3 Grammar-八年级英语上册同步精品讲义（人教版）

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
Grammar（课时3）
知识精讲

一、祈使句
定义： 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。
这种句子的主语是第二人称you，通常省略，谓语用动词原形
一．具体用法：
考点 1

当主语是第二人称you时，you通常被省略。这种祈使句一般以动词原形开头。它的否定形式是在动词原形前加Don't。
Be more careful next time.下次仔细点。
Come to school earlier next time.
下次早点来学校。
Don't play computer games.
不要玩电脑游戏。
考点 2

带有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句通常以let为引导词，一般用来提建议。
Let's watch the cartoon now.现在我们看卡通片吧。

Let's/Let me祈使句的否定形式是Let's/Let me not…或Don't let's/let me …；
“Let ＋ 第三人称”的否定形式为Don't let ＋ 第三人称 …
Let's not play soccer in the street.我们不要在街上踢足球。
Don't let her watch so much TV.不要让她看这么多电视。



注意：在祈使句的句首或句尾加please，可以使祈使句的语气更委婉。注意：在句尾加please时，要在please前加逗号。
Please speak loudly.＝Speak loudly，please.请大声讲话。
二．口诀：

祈使句无主语，主语you常省去；
　　动词原形谓语当，句首加don't否定变；
朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。

三、结构：
　　肯定结构：
1. Do型 Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
2. Be型 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
否定结构：
1.Do型和Be型
否定式:在句首加don't构成。
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到！
2.Let型的否定式有两种：
“Don't let sb do sth./ “Let sb not do sth
Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No fishing! 禁止钓鱼 No parking! 禁止停车
四、与please 连用，表示委婉语气
Please open the window.
Please don’t open the window.
五、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保 持一致。
— Please check your answer！
— Yes， I will.
二、可数名词与不可数名词
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
注意：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜
① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana
② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式:
其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
【巧学妙记】
(一) 规则变化：
　　1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s
　 　book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days
　 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es
　　 bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes
　　 dish → dishes watch → watches
　　3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es
　　 city → cities body → bodies factory → factories
　　4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为ves
half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives
5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s
tomato — tomatoes ,potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios
【注】以o 结尾的名词，加es 的有


【记】 黑人（Negro → Negroes） 英雄 （hero →heroes ）
爱吃土豆（Potato → potatoes） 和西红柿 （tomato →tomatoes）
【注】以o 结尾的名词，加s 的有
【记】 我听广播(radio→ radios)， 也看到电视录像( video→ videos)，
说动物园( zoo→ zoo)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→ kangaroos) 弹着钢琴(piano→ pianos)吸引游客来照相
（二） 不规则变化
【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形　
2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；
【单复数不同形】：
1. child → children
2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men)
3. foot → feet tooth → teeth
二、不可数名词：
（一） 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。
注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶
（二）、 不可数名词的用法：
1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用；
2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。
不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：
（1）用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少
I don’t want any advice, I want some information
(2) 用a piece of 这类短语：
a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea.
如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数
注意：
可数名词的量可以用how many提问；不可数名词的量可以用how much提问。
some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
能力拓展

一、单项选择
1．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm.
A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheeps
C．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheep
2．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）—Can I help you?
—Please give me ________ about the trains to Daqing.
A．a few informations B．a little informations C．a little information D．a few information
3．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）We see some________ rising into the air at the opening of our new library.
A．balloons B．balloon C．balloones
4．（2019·四川巴中市·中考真题）— It’s too hot! Let’s have some ________ to drink.
— Good idea.
A．eggs B．milks C．bread D．water
5．（2020·湖南邵阳市·中考真题）—Can I help you, Madam?
—Yes. I’d like some____________.
A．pears B．banana C．milks
6．（2020·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Would you please give me some ________on how to learn English well?
A．advices B．suggestion C．advice
7．（2020·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）Mike doesn’t have enough money, so he can only afford____________.
A．a bread B．too much bread C．a piece of bread
8．（2020·贵州黔西南布依族苗族自治州·中考真题）How much ________ do we need to make a banana milk shake?
A．bananas B．apples C．coffee D．milk
9．（2019·四川自贡市·中考真题）﹣﹣What else do we need to make cold beef ？
﹣﹣_________．
A．Two spoons salt B．Two spoons of salts
C．Two spoons of salt
10．（2019·四川达州市·中考真题）﹣Hello， Lucy， please give me some____on how to improve my English!
﹣You'd better keep___more English books．
A．advices；read B．advice；read
C．advice；reading D．advices；reading
11．（2021·吉林长春市·中考真题）Write down these useful sentences, ________ you’ll forget them.
A．and B．or C．but D．so
12．（2021·贵州中考真题）—Mike, ________ play football in the street next time. It’s dangerous.
—OK, I won’t do that again, mom.
A．mustn’t B．must C．don’t D．do
13．（2021·辽宁中考真题）If you want to get good grades, ________ in as much effort as possible.
A．putting B．put C．to put D．puts
14．（2021·广西中考真题）—________ your hands before dinner, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A．Wash B．Washes C．Washing D．To wash
15．（2021·辽宁中考真题）________ at people when you talk. This is a polite way of communication in China.
A．Look B．Looking C．To look D．Looked
16．（2021·黑龙江中考真题）________ it over, and you will be able to work out the problem.
A．Thinking B．To think C．Think
17．（2018·重庆中考真题） ________ me a chance, and I'll bring you a surprise.
A．Give B．Giving C．Gives D．To give
18．（2020·吉林中考真题）____________ on doing sports every day, and you'll have a healthy body.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeps D．Keeping
19．（2020·上海中考真题）—Tom，________here to carry the luggage upstairs for me，will you？ —All right．
A．come B．came C．coming D．to come
20．（2020·湖北中考真题）—Don’t forget to keep a safe distance（距离）at least one meter, Jack!
—____________.
A．Sorry, I won’t B．No, I can’t do it C．Not at all D．I hope not
二、完型填空
Aunt Sara is a wise woman. If you have a problem, you can always turn to her for 21 . Sometimes, she tells a story to show her idea.
This summer, I wanted to find a job 22 I could make some money to buy things for the coming school year. 23 , with long nights of playing outside with friends, by the time I began to 24 jobs, they were all taken. That left 25 one of the few kids with no summer job. My summer ended up being long and 26 .
When Aunt Sara heard about this, she told me a 27 . There were three 28 living in a river. They were Make Plans, Fast Thinker, and Wait and See. One day, they heard a fisherman saying that he would cast(投) a net into the river the next 29 . Make Plans immediately decided to swim up river in order not to be 30 . Fast Thinker was not worried. He said, "I will have a 31 when the man casts his net." Wait and See was not worried, either."I will decide 32 to do tomorrow morning, " he said.
The next morning, the fisherman cast his net. By this time, Make Plans was far away, but the other 33 fish were caught. Fast Thinker pretended(假装) to be 34 . Of course, the fisherman did not want a dead fish, 35 he threw him back into the river. But Wait and See was taken away and sold in the market.
21．A．money B．advice C．news D．information
22．A．if B．even though C．as D．so that
23．A．However B．Instead C．Finally D．Suddenly
24．A．give up B．look for C．take off D．take away
25．A．me B．you C．her D．them
26．A．boring B．busy C．exciting D．enjoyable
27．A．song B．rule C．story D．secret
28．A．ducks B．robots C．snakes D．fish
29．A．morning B．noon C．afternoon D．evening
30．A．heard B．hidden C．beaten D．caught
31．A．party B．class C．plan D．picnic
32．A．where B．what C．how D．when
33．A．two B．three C．four D．five
34．A．strong B．small C．dead D．rude
35．A．but B．or C．because D．so
三、阅读单选
A
Last Saturday was Children's Day. I went to the nature zoo with my mother. The weather was fine. There were many people there and everyone was happy.
I saw many animals in the zoo, like elephants, tigers, lions, giraffes, monkeys and some other animals. My mother and I liked the elephants very much，because they were very friendly. We gave them some bananas to eat and they liked them very much. The giraffes were very tall, and they were a little quiet. The lions and the tigers were kind of scary, but they wore beautiful. I think the monkeys were cute and clever. People always gave them some fruit to eat. They were very happy. I liked them best.
In fact, all the animals are our friends. We must love and help them.
36．How did the writer spend (度过）Children’s Day?
A．He went to the mountains. B．He visited the museum.
C．He went to the zoo. D．He went to the movies.
37．How was the weather last Saturday?
A．It was fine. B．It was cloudy. C．It was windy. D．It was rainy.
38．The writer gave some to the elephants.
A．grass B．water C．cakes D．bananas
39．How did the writer like the giraffes?
A．They were clever. B．They were quiet. C．They were beautiful. D．They were scary.
40．What kind of animals did the writer like best?
A．The elephants. B．The tigers. C．The giraffes. D．The monkeys.
B
In Canada and the United States, people enjoy entertaining(请客)at home.They often invite friends over for a meal, a party, or just for a coffee and conversation.
Here are the kinds of things people say when they invite someone to their home：
“Would you like to come over for dinner Saturday night?”
“Hey, we're having a party on Friday. Can you come?”
To reply to an invitation, either say thank you and accept, or say you're sorry, and give an excuse：
“Thanks, I'd love to. What time would you like me to come?” or “Oh, sorry, I've tickets for a movie.”
Sometimes, however, people use expressions that sound like invitations but which are not real invitations.For example：
“Please come over for a drink sometime.”
“Why not get together for a party sometime?”
“Why don't you come over and see us sometime soon?”
They are really just polite ways of ending a conversation.They are not real invitations because they don't mention a specific(确定的)time or date.They just show that the person is trying to be friendly.To reply to expressions like these, people just say “Sure, that would be great!” or “OK, yes, thanks.”
So next time when you hear what sounds like an invitation, listen carefully: Is it a real invitation or is the person just being friendly?
41．Why do Canadians and Americans often invite friends for meals at home?
A．Because they can save time.
B．Because they can spend less money.
C．Because they enjoy entertaining at home.
D．Because they have modern and beautiful house.
42．Which of the following is a real invitation?
A．“If you are free, let's go for a dinner sometime.”
B．“Please go to the cinema with me someday.”
C．“Would you like to have a cup of tea with us sometime？”
D．“I've two tickets here.Can you go to the movie with me？”
43．If people say “Let's get together for lunch some day.”, you just say “______”
A．That would be nice.
B．How about this weekend?
C．Oh, sorry. I'm very busy.
D．That's great.I'll be there on time.
44．People use “an unreal invitation” in order to(为了)show that ______.
A．they're trying to be friendly
B．they're trying to be helpful
C．they're trying to make friends with others
D．they haven't got ready for a party yet
45．The passage is mainly about______.
A．entertainment at home B．real invitations or not
C．expressions of starting a conversation D．ways of ending a conversation
四、短文汉语提示填空
根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Everyone wants to have a 46．(美妙的)New Year's party，but do you know how to hold a 47．(成功的)party? OK, now let me tell you about planning your New Year's party.
The 48．(第一)step to any great party is the planning. Think about what kind of New Year's Eve party you want to have. Will this be an adults­ only party? Will this be a music，49． (跳舞), drinking or performance party? Will you invite all of the 50．(家庭)members for fun to the party？Will this be a party for teens? You have to think about who is 51．(来到)to your party when you plan it so that you can make it fun for everyone! Once you have decided who you are inviting and what kind of party you are having，the fun 52．(开始)!
Second, 53．(寄)your New Year's Eve Party Invitations out 54．(早地)so that everyone you want to invite has a lot of time to write back to you and you know how many to plan for. 55．(然后)，you can start your New Year's party.


参考答案
1．C【详解】句意：李叔叔有一个农场，在农场上有一些鸡和羊。考查名词复数的用法。根据“there are some…on the farm”可知，农场上会有鸡和羊。some后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式，chicken鸡，复数形式是chickens；sheep羊，复数形式是sheep，故选C。
2．C【详解】句意：——我可以帮到你吗？——请告诉我一些去大庆的火车的情况。考查不定代词及不可数名词。a few一些，修饰可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。information是不可数名词，无复数形式，排除A和B选项。修饰不可数名词用a little，故选C。
3．A【详解】句意：在我们新图书馆的开馆仪式上，我们看到一些气球升到空中。考查名词复数。balloon可数名词，此前有some修饰，使用名词复数，balloon的复数是balloons，故选A。
4．D【详解】句意：——太热了! 我们喝点水吧。——好主意。考查名词词义辨析及不可数名词。eggs鸡蛋，可数名词复数；milk牛奶，不可数名词；bread面包，不可数名词；water水，不可数名词。根据句中drink“喝”可知，只能是milk或drink，milk为不可数名词，不能加s，所以只有water符合语境，故选D。
5．A【详解】句意：——夫人，需要帮忙吗？——是的，我想要一些梨。考查可数名词复数形式。pears梨；banana香蕉；milk是不可数名词，milks搭配不正确。根据答句中some可知，此处可以使用可数名词复数形式，pears是可数名词pear的复数形式，用在此处符合题意。故选A。
6．C【详解】句意：你能就如何学好英语给我一些建议吗?考查名词。advice和suggestion都意为“建议”，advice是不可数名词，suggestion是可数名词，所以“一些建议”为some advice或some suggestions，根据句意，故选C。
7．C【详解】句意：迈克没有足够的钱，所以他只能买得起一块面包。考查名词的数。a bread错误结构；too much bread太多的面包；a piece of bread一块面包；根据句意理解及前句Mike doesn’t have enough money可知，这里应该是说“只能买很少的面包”，所以B选项排除，而英语中bread是一个不可数名词，不能直接与冠词连用，表达复数只能用量词表达，故选C。
8．D【详解】句意：做香蕉奶昔需要多少牛奶？考查名词。bananas香蕉；apples苹果；coffee咖啡；milk牛奶。根据句中make a banana milk shake提示，做香蕉奶昔要用到香蕉和牛奶，故B、C选项可排除。How much意为“多少”，后接不可数名词，故选D。
9．C【详解】句意：——我们还需要什么来做冷牛肉呢？——两勺盐。根据问句“我们还需要什么来做冷牛肉呢”可知答语为“两勺盐”，答语中的salt为不可数名词，没有复数形式，表示两勺……时，用two spoons of…，根据题意，故选C。
10．C【详解】句意：——你好，露西，关于如何提高我的英语请给我一些建议。——你最好坚持读英语书。
考查名词的数和动词形式辨析。advice建议，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前空可排除AD两项；后空keep doing sth.坚持做某事，是固定结构。根据句意结构，故选C。
11．B【详解】句意：把这些有用的句子写下来，否则你会忘记的。考查连词辨析。and和；or或者；but但是；so因此。根据“Write down these useful sentences,…you’ll forget them”可知，此处用祈使句+and/or+陈述句的用法，写下这些有用的句子，否则会忘记，故选B。
12．C【详解】句意：——迈克，下次不要在街上踢足球了。这是危险的。——好的，我不会再那样做了，妈妈。考查祈使句。根据“Mike, …play football in the street next time.”可知，此处是祈使句的否定形式，用“don’t do sth”表示，故选C。
13．B【详解】句意：如果你想取得好成绩，就尽可能多地努力吧。考查祈使句。putting动名词/现在分词形式；put动词原形；to put动词不定式；puts单三式。从句“If you want to get good grades,”是条件状语从句，则主句应用祈使句；祈使句用动词原形开头。故选B。
14．A【详解】句意：——饭前洗手，托尼。——没问题，妈妈。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，此处应该是祈使句结构，句子应以动词原形开头，故选A。
15．A【详解】句意：说话的时候看着别人。在中国，这是一种礼貌的交流方式。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句结构作主句部分，应用动词原形开头，故选A。
16．C【详解】句意：仔细想想，你就能解决这个问题。考查祈使句。此处是“祈使句，and+简单句”的结构，空格处应用动词原形，故选C。
17．A【详解】句意：给我个机会，我会带给你惊喜的。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，这里祈使句and+陈述句。空格处的句子无主语，是祈使句，要用动词原形开头。故选A。
18．A【详解】句意：每天继续做运动，那么你就会有一个健康的身体。考查祈使句。Keep动词原形；To keep动词不定式；Keep动词的单数第三人称；Keeping动名词。此处构成“祈使句，and+陈述句”结构，所以使用动词原形即可。故选A。
19．A【详解】句意：——汤姆，过来帮我把行李搬到楼上，好吗？——好的。考查祈使句。come原形；came过去式；coming动名词；to come动词不定式；根据句子结构，可知省略了主语，是祈使句，用动词原形；故选A。
20．A【详解】句意：——杰克，不要忘记保持至少一米的安全距离！——抱歉，我不会忘记。考查情景对话及祈使句辨析。Sorry, I won’t抱歉，我不会的；No, I can’t do it不，我不可以做这件事情；Not at all不客气；I hope not我希望不是。原句Don’t forget to…是一个否定祈使句，对于祈使句的回答要用will或won’t，结合所给选项，只有A选项表达正确，所以空格处填Sorry, I won’t。故选A。
二、
21．B22．D23．A24．B25．A
26．A27．C28．D29．A30．D
31．C32．B33．A34．C35．D
【分析】本文讲述作者因贪玩错过暑假工的招聘机会，导致暑期碌碌无为；聪明的Sara阿姨以三只鱼的故事教育作者凡事要早作计划、付诸行动。
21．句意：如果你有问题，你可以随时向她寻求建议。
money金钱；advice建议；news新闻；information信息；根据下文“she tells a story to show her idea.”她讲故事来说明她的想法；可知此处指“向她寻求建议”；故选B。
22．句意：今年夏天，我想找份工作，这样我就可以赚点钱为下一学年买东西。
if如果；even though即使；as和……一样；so that以便；“找份工作”是为了“可以赚点钱为下一学年买东西了”，表目的；故选D。
23．句意：然而，由于和朋友们在外面玩了很长时间，当我开始找工作时，工作都被抢走了。
However然而；Instead反而；Finally最后；Suddenly突然；由上文可知作者想找份工作；与下文“they were all taken”工作都被抢走了；上下文语意存有转折关系；故选A。
24．句意：然而，由于和朋友们在外面玩了很长时间，当我开始找工作时，工作都被抢走了。
give up放弃；look for寻找；take off.起飞；take away拿走；由上文可知作者想找份工作；根据however的转折关系可知此处指“当作者开始找工作时，工作都被抢走了”；故选B。
25．句意：这让我成了少数没有暑期工作的孩子之一。我的夏天漫长而无聊。
me我；you你；her她；them她们/它们/他们；四个选项都是人称代词宾格；由上文可知作者找不到工作；可知此处指“没找到工作让我成了少数没有暑期工作的孩子之一”；故选A。
26．句意：我的夏天漫长而无聊。
boring无聊的；busy忙碌的；exciting令人兴奋的；enjoyable愉快的；由上文可知作者找不到工作；可知此处指“作者的夏天漫长而无聊”；故选A。
27．句意：萨拉阿姨听说这件事后，给我讲了一个故事。
song歌曲；rule规则；story故事；secret秘密；根据上文“Sometimes, she tells a story to show her idea”她讲故事来说明她的想法；可知此处指“萨拉阿姨给作者讲故事”；故选C。
28．句意：河里住着三条鱼。
ducks鸭子；robots机器人；snakes蛇；fish鱼；根据“By this time, Make Plans was far away, but the other two fish were caught.”可知此处指“河里住着三条鱼”；故选D。
29．句意：一天，他们听到一个渔夫说第二天早上他要在河里撒网。
morning早上；noon中午；afternoon下午；evening晚上；根据下文“The next morning…”可知，此处指“第二天早上”；故选A。
30．句意：为了不被抓住，Make Plans立即决定向上游游去。
heard听说；hidden隐藏；beaten殴打；caught抓获；由上文可知他们听到渔夫第二天早上要在河里撒网；可知此处指“Make Plans为了不被抓住决定向上游游去”；故选D。
31．句意：他说：“当那个人撒网的时候，我会有一个计划的。”
party派对；class班级；plan 计划；picnic野餐；根据下文“Fast Thinker pretended to be…”可知此处指“Fast Thinker计划装死”；故选C。
32．句意：“我将决定明天早上做什么。”他说。
where哪里；what什么；how怎样；when什么时候；此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构中的动词宾语，故选B。
33．句意：这时，Make Plans已经远去了，但是另外两条鱼被抓了。
two二；three三；four四；five五；由上文可知河里有三条鱼；“Make Plans was far away”跑了一条鱼，剩下2条；故选A。
34．句意：Fast Thinker假装死了。
strong强壮的；small小的；dead死的；rude粗鲁的；根据下文“Of course, the fisherman did not want a dead fish”渔夫不想要死鱼，可知此处指“Fast Thinker假装死了”；故选C。
35．句意：所以他把他（Fast Thinker）扔回河里。
but.但是；or或；because因为；so所以；由上文可知Fast Thinker假装死了；渔夫不会要死鱼，所以把他丢到河里；上下文之间表因果关系。故选D。
三、
36．C37．A38．D39．B40．D
【分析】本文介绍了作者和她的妈妈在六一儿童节去动物园游玩的情况。
36．细节理解题。根据Last Saturday was Children's Day. I went to the nature zoo with my mother可知，作者去了动物园。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据The weather was fine可知，天气很好。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据We gave them some bananas to eat and they liked them very much可知，作者给了大象一些香蕉。故选D。
39．根据The giraffes were very tall, and they were a little quiet可知，长颈鹿又高又安静。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据I think the monkeys were cute and clever. People always gave them some fruit to eat. They were very happy. I liked them best可知，作者最喜欢猴子。故选D。

41．C42．D43．A44．A45．B
【分析】这篇文章介绍了在美国和加拿大,人们请客时候的一些礼节。文章还列举了哪些语言是真正的邀请，哪些是出于礼貌和友好，只是象征性的邀请；还告诉我们针对不同的邀请应该如何回应。
41．细节理解题。由文章信息In Canada and the United States, people enjoy entertaining at home.可知,他们喜欢在家里请客。故选C。
42．细节理解题。由文章信息They are not real invitations because they don't tell time or date.可知,没有具体时间和日期的邀请不是真正的邀请。故ABC项都是出于礼貌的，不是真正的邀请；只有D项是真正的邀请。故选D。
43．细节理解题。由文章信息可知,"Let's get together for lunch some day"不是真正的邀请,to reply to expressions like these, people just say: "Sure, that would be nice!" or "OK. Yes, thanks." 故选A。
44．细节理解题。由文章信息They just show that the person is trying to be friendly.可知，人们发出这样的邀请只是为了表示友好。故选A。
45．主旨大意。综观全文可知本文是关于“什么是真正的邀请，哪些是出于礼貌和友好，只是象征性的邀请”。故选B。
四、
46．wonderful
47．successful
48．first
49．dancing/dance
50．family
51．coming
52．starts
53．send
54．early
55．Then
【分析】本文讲述了如何举办一个成功的新年晚会。第一步都是计划。第二，提前发出请柬。然后，你就可以开始你的新年派对了。
46．句意：每个人都想有一个精彩的新年晚会，但你知道如何举办一个成功的晚会吗？
本词修饰名词New Year's party可知填形容词；wonderful：美妙的，精彩的，形容词；故答案为wonderful。
47．句意：每个人都想有一个精彩的新年晚会，但你知道如何举办一个成功的晚会吗？
本词修饰名词party可知填形容词；successful：成功的，形容词；故答案为successful。
48．句意：任何伟大的聚会的第一步都是计划。
根据句意和汉语提示可知填序数词，first：第一，序数词；故答案为first。
49．句意：这是一个音乐、舞蹈、喝酒还是表演派对？
dance：跳舞，动词或名词；本词做party的定语，可填动名词dancing作定语，dance也可做名词，也可用dance做定语；故答案为dancing/dance。
50．句意：你会邀请所有的家庭成员来参加聚会吗
本词是名词作定语，family：家庭，family members：家庭成员；故答案为family。
51．句意：当你计划的时候，你必须考虑谁将来参加你的派对，这样你就可以让每个人都开心！
本句是现在进行时表将来，可知填现在分词；come：来，现在分词coming；故答案为coming。
52．句意：一旦你决定要邀请谁，要举办什么样的派对，乐趣就开始了！
本句是once引导的条件状语从句，本句从句是现在完成时（表假设），主句使用一般现在时；本句主语the fun第三人称单数，可知谓语动词使用三单形式；start：开始，三单形式是starts；故答案为starts。
53．句意： 第二，提前寄出新年晚会请柬，以便你想邀请的每个人都有很多时间给你回信，你知道该计划多少。
本句是肯定祈使句，可知以动词原形开头；send：寄，send out：寄出；故答案为send。
54．句意：第二，提前寄出新年晚会请柬，以便你想邀请的每个人都有很多时间给你回信，你知道该计划多少。
本词修饰动词词组send…out可知填副词；early：早地，副词；故答案为early。
55．句意：然后，你就可以开始你的新年派对了。
本词表示顺序，上文有the first…（第一），second（第二）可知是然后；then：然后，注意句子开头首字母大写；故答案为Then。