人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 2 Iconic Attractions课后练习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 2 Iconic Attractions课后练习题，共18页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

单元素养评估卷(二)
时间:120分钟　分数:120分
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2022年·全国新高考Ⅱ卷)
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information About Group Play
Pricing
Group Play ﹩7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices(发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone(监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of ﹩50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.
21. What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship?
A. Prepay the admission fees.
B. Use the Museum’s transportation.
C. Take a survey after the visit.
D. Schedule their visit on weekdays.
解析:细节理解题。根据Scholarships标题下“We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.”可知,如果一个团体获得了奖学金,他们需要在参观后完成一份调查问卷。故选C。
答案:C
22. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?
A. One.　　　　　　　B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
解析:数字计算题。根据Group Size标题下“We require one chaperone per ten children.”可知,10个孩子需要1个监护人,那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。
答案:C
23. What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum?
A. Using the computer.
B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits.
D. Exploring the place alone.
解析:细节理解题。根据Guidelines标题下“Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.”可知,儿童不能独自探索博物馆。故选D。
答案:D
B

The Leaning Tower of Pisa no longer leans quite so much after a ￡20 million project to save it was hailed a complete success yesterday. The tower, which was on the verge of collapse, has been straightened by 18 inches returning it to its 1838 position.
The tower, which has been leaning almost since building work first began in 1173, was closed to the public in 1990 because of safety fears. The 183-foot tower was nearly 15 feet off vertical(垂直线) and its structure was found to have been weakened by centuries of strain.
The last attempt at straightening the tower was carried out under orders from Benito Mussolini, who wanted it to be perfectly vertical.
Concrete was poured into the foundations, but the result was that the tower sank further into the soil.
The straightening work involved the extraction of around 70 tons of earth from the northern side of the tower, causing it to sink on that side. Before the digging started, the tower was anchored with steel cables and 600 tons of lead weights.
However, halfway through the project, concerns at the ugliness of the weights led to their removal and the tower lurched(倾斜) dramatically. “In one night, the tower moved more than it had averaged in an entire year,” said Prof. Borland. The weights were hastily reattached. 
The tower’s stonework has also been restored and tourists can clearly see the difference between its levels of limestone and marble.
“If we had not stepped in, the tower would have collapsed between 2030 and 2040,” said Salvatore Settees, the president of the rescue committee. “This is crucial for the tower’s stability and it was a totally Italian success.”
The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989, killing four people.
24. Why was the tower closed to the public in 1990?
A. It was destroyed.
B. It was moved.
C. It was in danger and also dangerous.
D. Every tower in Italy was closed then.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The tower, which has been leaning almost since building work first began in 1173, was closed to the public in 1990 because of safety fears.”可知,塔自从修建之初就开始倾斜,出于安全考量,官方决定对公众关闭。故选C。
答案:C
25. What does the underlined phrase “their removal” in paragraph 6 refer to?
A. Removal of concerns.
B. Removal of the tower.
C. Removal of ugliness.
D. Removal of lead pieces.
解析:细节理解题。根据第五段和第六段可知,为保证塔不倒塌,在挖掘开始前,塔用钢丝绳和铅块固定,然而在工程进行到中途时,由于一些人对铅块的丑陋感到不满,铅块被撤掉,造成塔身突然发生倾斜。故选D。
答案:D
26. Which side of its foundation may the tower lean to according to the text?
A. South. B. West.
C. North. D. East.
解析:推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The straightening work involved the extraction of around 70 tons of earth from the northern side of the tower, causing it to sink on that side.”可知,施工者要使塔向北边下沉,可见塔本身是向南倾斜的。故选A。
答案:A
27. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. A 20 million project straightened the tower vertical.
B. The tower has been straightened where it was in 1838.
C. Concrete poured into the foundations worked in the straightening work.
D. The tower may collapse between 2030 and 2040.
解析:推理判断题。在第一段末句可以找到答案B(回归到了1838年时的位置);A错,此项工程并未“扶得笔直”;C错,第四段说人们将混凝土灌入塔基,却造成了斜塔的进一步下陷;D错,塔在2030—2040年间倒塌只是一种假设(倒数第二段第一句用了虚拟语气)。故选B。
答案:B
C
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasise(强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead, there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realised that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because the culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
28. What may eating together at restaurants make it easier for people to do in some countries?
A. Develop closer relations.
B. Share the same culture.
C. Get to know each other.
D. Keep each other company.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“... people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.”可知,在餐馆吃饭或在咖啡厅喝咖啡比在办公室更容易建立永久的工作关系。故选A。
答案:A
29. What does the underlined word “multicultural” in the last paragraph mean?
A. 本地的 B. 多元文化的
C. 彼此的 D. 单一的
解析:词义猜测题。根据末段首句“People from different parts of the world have different values ...”以及文章出现的“different cultures”可知,此处画线词的意思是“多元文化的”。故选B。
答案:B
30. According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?
A. By sharing different ways of life.
B. By accepting different habits.
C. By recognising different values.
D. By speaking each other’s languages.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.”可知,互相认可彼此的价值观才能互相理解。故选C。
答案:C
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Multicultural Environment
B. Cross-Cultural Differences
C. How to Understand Each Other
D. How to Build Up a Relationship
解析:标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异,并说明了要加强理解和认识。Cross-Cultural Differences做标题比较合适。故选B。
答案:B
D
Australia has become one of the most attractive countries for tourism in the world and the reasons are simple: For a long time traditional tourist destinations such as Europe, the USA, England, and many others, used to attract tourists for their history, architecture, shopping, beauty, beaches and development. Meanwhile Australia was considered too far and expensive to go, except for Asian residents. With the world changing significantly, few places are left untouched today.
Travelling in Australia is easy, safe, and Australia is full of fantastic places to visit. As a developed country, Australia offers what is necessary for any travellers. If you just want to visit cities and go shopping, you will have cities with the best quality of life in the world. If you want to go for sports and have plenty of fun, you will have a ball over here. The adventures, the comfort, the fun, are just waiting for you. If you have a very limited time, we suggest you have a look at our page where we present some suggestions for what can be done in just a few days’ trip.
Three months wouldn’t be enough to know Australia very well. The country is so big that even today there are lands never foot-stepped yet. Of course most can’t see the whole country at once. The best way to do it is to make a plan for cities, landscapes, national parks, small towns and cultural places. Otherwise you may spend hours and hours on a road without any attractions instead of doing the same trajectory(轨迹) by plane saving time and money.
As is said above, travelling in Australia is very easy, and you don’t need to worry too much about reservations except in the holiday periods and during some school breaks when you may find fewer options, or if you are going to do some parts by plane. Accommodation of all levels and prices is also plentiful, and depends on the place you go.
32. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text?
A. To show travelling in Australia is easy and safe.
B. To show Australia is the best country.
C. To share his travelling experience.
D. To introduce the tourism of Australia.
解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了去澳大利亚旅游的理由,并介绍了在澳大利亚旅游时的住宿和交通等。故选D。
答案:D
33. Why do many tourists turn their eyes to Australia?
A. They take an interest in the wonderful architecture.
B. They perhaps like adventure and excitement.
C. They are longing for the history of the land.
D. They want to follow the latest development.
解析:细节理解题。由第一段中的最后两句“Meanwhile Australia was considered too far and expensive to go, except for Asian residents. With the world changing significantly, few places are left untouched today.”可知,澳大利亚成为人们喜欢去旅游的地方,主要是因为那儿有可以探险的地方。故选B。
答案:B
34. What will you find while travelling in Australia?
A. The country is convenient for you in many ways.
B. The country can offer you kinds of high-quality goods.
C. You will fall in love with different sports at once.
D. You will have enough time to visit the fantastic places.
解析:细节理解题。由第二段第二句“As a developed country, Australia offers what is necessary for any travellers.”可知,澳大利亚的生活很方便。故选A。
答案:A
35. What does the third paragraph imply?
A. Big cities attract most of the tourists.
B. A good plan is beneficial to your trip.
C. Making a plan will cost you much time.
D. You’d better have a self-driving trip.
解析:段落大意题。由文章第三段的“The best way to do it is to make a plan for cities, landscapes ... saving time and money.”可知,本段主要告诉读者制订一个好的计划对在澳大利亚旅游有很多好处。故选B。
答案:B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips on Finding Inspiration after Failure
The good thing about failure is that it is actually not the end. 36.　　　 
Accept your weaknesses. Every human being has weaknesses. The first thing you need to do after failing is to accept that it has happened to you because failure happens to human beings. Accepting this helps you to accept that this is not a reflection of your life as a whole. 37.　　　 
See the lesson. The biggest thing you can take from failure is the lesson it has taught you. 38.If there are any weaknesses you need to address, you will only be able to see them after doing this soul searching. There are many lessons I would never have learned if I had not failed.
39.　　　　 You will find inspiration if you accept that the pain you get from failure helps you to grow. There are certain things you will not understand until you have had a chance to live with them. For example, you would not know what it feels like to lose a job unless you had lost one before. 40.　　　　 That is the essence of life. 
Failure should never be considered as something permanent. It should never be seen as the end, but rather the beginning of a new way of looking at life.

A. Pain helps you grow.
B. Accept that everyone fails.
C. It is just a temporary setback(挫折).
D. This gives you a chance to examine your life.
E. You can use the following tips to find inspiration after failure.
F. When you stop the blame game and take responsibility, you are growing.
G. We only learn the feeling of losing a loved one after we have lost a loved one.
36. 解析:上文讲了失败并不是结束,下文讲失败后你应该怎么做,所以此处需要填一个过渡句。故选E。
答案:E
37. 解析:根据上文的“Accepting this helps you to accept that this is not a reflection of your life as a whole.”可知,承认这一点会帮助你接受这不是你整个生活的反映。此处承接上文说的是“它仅仅是一个暂时的挫折”。故选C。
答案:C
38. 解析:结合本段的主题句“See the lesson.”可知,D项“这给了你审视你生活的机会”符合语境。故选D。
答案:D
39. 解析:根据下文的“... if you accept that the pain you get from failure helps you to grow.”可知,本段主要介绍了痛苦能帮助你成长。故选A。
答案:A
40. 解析:根据上文的“For example, you would not know what it feels like to lose a job unless you had lost one before.”可知,此处是在举例阐明上述观点“There are certain things you will not understand until you have had a chance to live with them.”而G项也是一个例子,与上文意义一致。故选G。
答案:G
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The victims were carried in one by one, their paws and fur burned, suffering from dehydration(脱水) and fear. Their caretakers　41　 their wounds, and 　 42 　 them in baskets with the only thing that was
　 43 　 —the leaves of eucalyptus(桉树) tree. As miserable fires have
　44　 more than 2 million acres in Australia, only dozens of koalas have been 　45　 from the smoky trees and 　46　 ground. 
Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not 　47　 from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curl themselves into a ball for 　48　 and wait for the danger to 　49　. 
But during big fires, such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals are far less likely to 　50　. Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree 　51　, the animals may over heat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death. 
The tough situation of the koala has raised 　52　 among scientists and conservationists(环保主义者). While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires, they are facing new 　53　, not just from climate change but also from human development, which has dislocated Koalas’ populations, 　54　 their ability to survive fires. 
We have these 　55　 animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we are killing them. This is a big wake-up call. 
41. A. touched　　　　　　B. treated
C. ignored D. discovered
解析:由上文可知它们被火烧伤了,根据关键词caretakers,可知是对伤口进行治疗。故选B。
答案:B
42. A. threw B. locked
C. laid D. forced
解析:它们受伤了,医护人员治疗后把它们放入篮子里。故选C。
答案:C
43. A. familiar B. plentiful
C. beautiful D. expensive
解析:由下文可知这些受伤的动物是考拉,故它们对桉树的叶子是熟悉的。故选A。
答案:A
44. A. reached B. left
C. burned D. trapped
解析:由于惨烈的大火在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩,只有几十只考拉从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上被营救。由miserable fires 可知是燃烧。故选C。
答案:C
45. A. killed B. recognized
C. hurt D. rescued
解析:由上文医护人员治疗考拉可知,是考拉从大火中被营救。故选D。
答案:D
46. A. flat B. black
C. broad D. safe
解析:由上文可知,火灾十分严重,树林烟雾弥漫,大地被烧焦,因此是黑色的。故选B。
答案:B
47. A. escape B. die
C. suffer D. rise
解析:由下文可知,考拉爬到树顶保护自己,因此说它们不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱。故选A。
答案:A
48. A. balance B. protection
C. challenge D. comfort
解析:在火中,它们爬上树顶,蜷缩成一团是为了保护自己。故选B。
答案:B
49. A. attack B. come
C. pass D. avoid
解析:考拉不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱,它们只能爬上树顶,蜷缩成一团,等待火灾的结束。故选C。
答案:C
50. A. jump B. climb
C. fall D. survive
解析:由下文可知,即使大火没有烧到树顶,动物们也会因为过热掉落到地上,被烧死,所以很难存活。故选D。
答案:D
51. A. top B. leaves
C. trunk D. root
解析:由前文可知,考拉是爬到树顶躲避大火。故选A。
答案:A
52. A. passion B. concern
C. fear D. interest
解析:考拉的艰难处境引起了科学家和环保主义者的关注。故选B。
答案:B
53. A. chances B. choices
C. neighbours D. threats
解析:上文提到的野火对考拉来说是生存的威胁,下文提到气候变化和人类发展是它们面对的新的威胁。故选D。
答案:D
54. A. weakening B. developing
C. enriching D. ensuring
解析:由上文可知,气候变化和人类发展是考拉面对的新的威胁,带来的是不好的影响,因此削弱了生存的能力。故选A。
答案:A
55. A. lonely B. stupid
C. lazy D. unique
解析:由下文“not found anywhere else on this planet”可知,考拉是独一无二的。故选D。
答案:D
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four new great 56. 　　　　(invent)”—high-speed rail, mobile payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping. 
China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing, is now one of the 57. 　　　　(fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high-speed rail, China 58. 　　　　(improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.  
Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made 59. 　　　 　much more convenient and popular both in China 60. 　　　　overseas. Leading Chinese bike-sharing companies are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain. 
And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop 61. 　　　　(buy) and eat whatever you want 62. 　　　　(simple) with a tap of your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by 63. 　　　　(scan) the seller’s QR code. Mobile payment has grown into a 64. 　　　　(choose) for Chinese people—even a pancake seller is using it. 
Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing 65. 　　　　youths from other countries, and they wish their countries would go further in terms of technological achievement.  
56. 解析:句意:中国用其“新四大发明”——高速铁路、移动支付、共享单车和网上购物再次展示了它改变世界的能力。设空处前有形容词great修饰,应用名词形式,故填inventions。
答案:inventions
57. 解析:句意:中国新一代高速列车“复兴号”,是现在世界上最快的火车之一,它可以以350千米/时的速度行驶。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定用法,表示“最……的之一”,故填fastest。
答案:fastest
58. 解析:句意:在过去的十年,除了高速铁路,中国以很多其他创新方式改善了人们的生活。根据句中的时间状语“over the last decade”可知,本句应用现在完成时;根据主谓一致的原则,China作主语,看作第三人称单数,故填has improved。
答案:has improved
59. 解析:句意:但中国已经使它在中国和海外更方便和更受欢迎。设空处指代上一句提到的“Bike sharing”,作made的宾语,故填it。
答案:it
60. 解析:both in China and overseas是固定用法,表示“在中国和海外”,故填and。
答案:and
61. 解析:句意:回到中国,当骑共享单车的时候,你可以停下来去买和吃任何你想要的东西,只要点击一下手机就可以。stop to do sth表示“停下来去做某事”,符合语境,故填to buy。
答案:to buy
62. 解析:设空处修饰介词短语“with a tap of your phone”,应用副词,故填simply。
答案:simply
63. 解析:句意:你可以用智能手机扫描卖家的二维码便可轻松支付。设空处在介词后作宾语,要用动词-ing形式,故填scanning。
答案:scanning
64. 解析:句意:移动支付已成为中国人的一个选择。设空前有冠词a修饰,其后为介词for,应用名词形式,故填choice。
答案:choice
65. 解析:句意:此外,这四种创新的生活方式对来自其他国家的年轻人最有吸引力。appeal to sb为固定搭配,表示“对某人有吸引力”,故填to。
答案:to
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的美国朋友John对中国的西湖很感兴趣,请根据下列提示给他写一封信,介绍西湖。内容包括以下几个方面:
(1)西湖是杭州的标志性景点。西湖历史悠久,风景秀丽。
(2)西湖有古老的传说《白蛇传》等,近几年来游览西湖的游客数量猛增,旅游收入大大增加。
注意:
(1)词数80左右;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
 
 
 
 
 
 
答案:
Dear John,
　　Learning that you’re interested in the West Lake, I’m writing to tell you something about it.
　　The West Lake is an iconic attraction of Hangzhou. It has a long history and is well known for its beautiful scenery. The Legend of White Snake makes it famous in China. The number of visitors has increased rapidly these years. And people here can earn a lot of money from tourism. The West Lake will attract more and more visitors in the future.
　　Welcome to the West Lake. I believe you will have a good time there.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A mother is a person who, seeing there are only four pieces of pie for five people, promptly announces she never did care for pie.
—Tenneva Jordan
I knew I was not supposed to be so excited. I was too old for that. At age eleven, the oldest and my mum’s “grown-up” girl, I had to keep my cool. I was in middle school after all. But every chance I got, when I was alone, I checked each present under the tree. I read every tag and felt every package, guessing at the contents within. I had examined each gift so often that I could tell which present went to which person without even looking at the tags.
It had been a tough year for my family. Whenever my mum looked over at the tree and scattered (撒) presents, she would sigh and warn us, “There won’t be as much for Christmas this year. Try not to be disappointed.” Christmas had traditionally been a time for my parents to spoil us. In years past, the presents would pile up and spill out from under the tree, taking over the living room. I had heard the phrase “giving is better than receiving”, but thought that whoever had said that must have been out of their mind. Getting presents was the whole point! It was the reason I couldn’t get to sleep on Christmas Eve.
On Christmas morning, we eagerly waited in the hallway until dad told us everything was ready. We rushed into the living room and let the wrapping paper fly. We made weak attempts to wait and watch while other family members opened their presents, but as the time passed we lost our self-control.
“Here’s another one for you,” said mum as she handed me a package. I looked at it, confused. Having spent so much time examining the presents before Christmas, I recognised this one. But it had not been mine. It was my mum’s. A new label had been put on it, with my name written in my mother’s handwriting.
“Mum, I can’t ...”
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
I was stopped by my mother’s eager, joyful look.
 
 
 
 
 
 
I have always remembered that Christmas fondly.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
答案:
I was stopped by my mother’s eager, joyful look. “Let’s see what it is, honey. Hurry and open it.” It was a blow-dryer. Though this may seem but a simple gift, to me it was so much more. Being an eleven-year-old girl, I was stunned. In my world, where receiving outweighed giving by light years, my mum’s act of selflessness was incomprehensible. It was a huge act. Tears filled my eyes and I thought in disbelief about how much my mum must love me to give up her Christmas so I could have a few more presents. 
　　I have always remembered that Christmas fondly. It had such an impact on me. As an adult with children in my life whom I adore, I can now understand my mum’s actions. I see actually, she was not “giving up her Christmas” as I had thought, but was finding an even greater joy in her Christmas because giving truly is better than receiving. My mum’s simple act meant the world to me. Whenever I look back on my mum’s giving, I will choose to give in my life.