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2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题板块1第3讲非谓语动词课件新人教版
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这是一份2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题板块1第3讲非谓语动词课件新人教版,共50页。PPT课件主要包含了剖析考点·语法突破,高效训练·跟踪检测等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点1 非谓语动词的形式及意义
There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the mn.在我们准备在月球上长住之前,仍有很多问题需要解决。Walking in the street, I came acrss an ld friend.走在大街上,我碰到了一位老朋友。Based n an interesting stry, the nvel was well wrth reading.基于一个有趣的故事,这部小说很值得一读。
1.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语,有时用in rder t或s as t。We will cntinue ur campaign t prevent and cntrl air pllutin t make ur sky blue again.我们将继续我们的运动,以预防和控制空气污染,使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。
考点2 非谓语动词作状语
(2)作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:nly t, enugh t, t ..., s/such t ...等。Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。I'm t tired t stay up any lnger.我太累了,实在不能熬夜了。
(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+t d”结构中。这类形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, cheap, heavy, gd, expensive, cmfrtable, dangerus, fit, imprtant, impssible, surprised, astnished, delighted, disappinted 等。We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
易错提示语法填空中常考查 “主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外,需注意的是,在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词;若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
2.动词-ing形式及过去分词作状语分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。动词-ing形式作状语时,它所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。We sat in the garden, talking abut the days we spent tgether last year.我们坐在花园里,谈论着去年我们一起度过的日子。
(2020·江苏卷)Technlgical innvatins, cmbined with gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。Ordered ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailrs, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样,鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
名师点津部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:lcated (坐落于), lst(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lst/absrbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired f(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
3.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/rughly/strictly speaking, talking f, speaking f, judging frm/by, taking everything int cnsideratin, cmpared t/with, t be frank, t tell (yu) the truth, t be hnest, t make things wrse 等。Judging frm his accent, he is frm Lndn.从口音判断,他来自伦敦。T tell yu the truth, I am a little tired.说实话,我有点累。
4.独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+动词-ing形式/过去分词;②名词/代词+不定式;③with/withut+名词/代词+分词/不定式。Weather permitting, we shall play the match tmrrw.明天如果天气好,我们就进行比赛。The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began ur hliday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。
1.不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a gd idea ccurred t her,but she culdn't find any paper t write n.突然她想到了一个好主意,但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
考点3 非谓语动词作定语
(2)序数词,形容词最高级,the last, the nly 等后或被这类词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见名词:ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2.动词-ing形式及过去分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式:动词-ing形式、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用动词-ing形式;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时,用“being+过去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时,用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式:动词-ing形式和过去分词。动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表示被动。T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I'd like yu t lk at a study cnducted in Australia in 2012.为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让你们看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。Last night, there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.昨天晚上,有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree, plan, demand, prmise, prepare, decide, refuse, chse, wish, hpe, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant, waiting t be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着服务员。
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语
2.只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词及短语:admit, avid, cnsider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put ff, bject t, lk frward t等。此外,have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.; have fun (in) ding sth.等结构中也用动词-ing形式作宾语。I avided mentining the subject in case he shuld be ffended.我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他。It's quite ht tday.D yu feel like ging fr a swim?今天很热。你想去游泳吗?
3.接不定式与动词-ing形式作宾语意义不同的动词:
—That wuld mean wasting a lt f labur.——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。—Really?I dn't mean t waste any labur.——是吗?我并没打算浪费劳动力。Was she wrried that I wuld stp buying the grceries if I knew the truth?她是担忧我知道真相后会停止买食品杂货吗?
易错提示(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时,其后要用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, understand, explain, teach, advise, find ut 等的宾语时,前面常带引导词hw, what, whether, where, when, wh等。(3)介词后一般要接动词-ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时,若前有实义动词d,不定式要省略t。
1.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise, allw, ask, beg, cause, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, intend, invite, rder, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n等。
考点5 非谓语动词作宾补
If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely n.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Having finished the prject, Tara was invited by the schl t speak t the new students.完成她的项目之后,塔拉被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
名师点津(1)有些动词,如think, cnsider, believe, suppse, feel, find, understand等后常用t be作宾补或主补。Chinese peple are cnsidered t be the mst hard-wrking peple in the wrld.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2)在sb.be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught+t d/t have dne结构中,不定式作主语补足语。The president was reprted t have visited China.据报道,那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.动词-ing形式及过去分词作宾补(1)动词-ing形式作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接动词-ing形式作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen t, feel),使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。Listen! D yu hear smene calling fr help?听!你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗?
(2)过去分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen t, feel),使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。The teacher raised his vice in rder t make himself heard.那位老师提高嗓门以便让自己被听到。
(3)使役动词have和get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:①have sth.dne=get sth.dne让别人做某事;②have sb./sth.ding让……一直做某事;get sth./sb.ding 使……开始做某事;③have sb.d sth.=get sb.t d sth.让某人做某事。Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed.在开车进城之前,你需要洗洗车。
(4)with的复合结构:①“with+宾语+ding”表示主动,说明动作正在发生或经常发生;②“with+宾语+dne”表示被动或完成;③“with+宾语+t d”表示将要发生的动作。The ld cuple ften take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dg fllwing them.这对老夫妇常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a shrt time left befre the deadline, it desn't seem likely that Jhn will finish the jb.截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间,约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lt f wrk t d, she wasn't allwed t leave her ffice.由于有许多工作要做,她不被允许离开办公室。
1.不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语时,一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长,常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。N matter hw bright a talker yu are, there are times when it's better t remain silent.无论你多么能说会道,有些时候保持沉默会更好。
考点6 非谓语动词作主语和表语
(2)不定式作表语时:①表示预定要发生的动作;②当主语是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等词时,常用不定式作表语;③主语为what引导的名词性从句时,表语多用不定式。His wish is t be a dctr in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。What I want t d mst in senir high schl is t imprve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2.动词-ing形式作主语和表语(1)动词-ing形式作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动词-ing形式放在句末。常用于固定句型:It's a waste f time ding ...; It's n use/gd ding ...; It is useless ding ...; There is n pint ding ...等。Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们,是解决这些问题最好的方法。It's n use cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
(2)动词-ing形式作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。My jb is cleaning the huse three times a week(=Cleaning the huse three times a week is my jb.)我的工作是每周打扫三次房子。(3)remain作系动词,意为“仍然是”时,后可接动词-ing形式或过去分词作表语;但作不及物动词,意为“尚待……;留待……”时,后常接t be dne。
She remained standing thugh we repeatedly asked her t sit dwn.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。It remains t be seen whether the newly-frmed cmmittee's plicy can be put int practice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
【技巧点拨】1.分析句子结构,判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语,如果句子不缺少谓语,那就是非谓语动词。2.找逻辑主语,再判断与动词之间的关系(1)非谓语动词作定语时,其逻辑主语是被修饰词;作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;作补语时,其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,则用动词-ing形式;如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时,如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行,则用动词-ing形式的被动式。
3.判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序(1)t have dne, having dne表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前;(2)t be ding, ding表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ (cver) an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the _______ (fall) child.
3.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi'an, as a first step ___________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.4.(2022·全国乙卷)“ can help t build a cmmunity with a ______ (share) future fr mankind,” he said.5.(2021·全国甲卷)It is pssible ________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.6.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and yu see them many times _________ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
Ⅱ.语法填空The first “Windw f Chinese Bks” in Eurpe was launched n Tuesday, with an nline bk dnatin ceremny frm China's Jinling Library t Malta Libraries.The nline event 1._________ (hld) at the Central Public Library in Flriana, Malta.Mre than 200 bks were dnated by Jinling Library, 2._____ cver fields such as ancient Chinese literature and art, histry, culture, and fd.
Bks are crucial fr the 3.________ (culture) exchange between tw cuntries and will further enhance cperatin.4._________ (hpeful), the dnated bks will pen a new windw f understanding f Chinese culture, histry and scial develpment fr the Maltese peple.The bks 5._____ (give) n Tuesday nt nly prvide a chance f 6._________ (prmte) Chinese culture and turism, but als are 7._ precius gift f friendship frm the peple f Nanjing t the Maltese peple.
Jinling Library has always fcused n using bks 8.__ a bridge t understanding f Chinese culture fr glbal 9.______ (citizen).Jinling Library, funded in 1927, established 10.___ (it) first “Windw f Chinese Bks” verseas in Nigeria in 2013.There will be mre in the future.
Ⅲ.写作运用根据汉语提示补全下面写作,注意非谓语动词的运用。Dear Mr Smith,I'm writing n behalf f ur calligraphy club t 1.________________________________________________________________ (邀请您来学生活动中心和我们一起参加一些活动) frm 2:00 p.m.t 5:00 p.m.this weekend.
invite yu t
cme t the Student Activity Centre fr sme activities with us
2.___________________________________________ (作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分), calligraphy serves the purpse f 3.__________________________________________ (表达思想并表现线条之美).
Being an imprtant part f traditinal Chinese culture
cnveying thughts and shwing the beauty f lines
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