中考语法：宾语从句知识梳理+配套练习

宾 语 从 句一、宾语从句的引导词
　　宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
　　He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
　　She doesn’t know (that) she is ill.
　　I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
　　Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
　　He asked whose handwriting was the best.
　　Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
　　I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”, 但是直接与or not 连用时，只能用whether.例如：
　　I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
　　He asked me whether (if) I could help him.I don't know whether or not he has came back.我不知道他是否已经回来了注意：当if意为“如果“，如果主句是一般将来时，它引导的从句要用一般现在时表将来的意义。例如：Your sister will be better if she takes medecine on time.
二.、宾语从句的语序
　　宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
　　I hear (that) French isn’t easy.
　　I think (that) you will like this school soon.
　　Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
　　Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
　　I don’t think (that) you are right.
　　I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：
　　He asked what time it was.
　　He told me that he was having a stomachache
　　He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
　　Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
　　Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.四. 宾语从句的特殊情况宾语从句的否定转移：当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。例如：    I don’t think you are right.宾语从句的简化：         当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：I hope that I can hear from you as soon aspossible.= I hopw to hear from you as soon as possible.         当主句主语和从句主语相同，且主句谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，宾语从句可转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构。例如：She doesn’t know what she should do.= She doesn't know what to do.练  习  题1.Could you tell me____________?A where is the toilet B who’s on dutyC whose book is this D what are they doing2. He asked __________ Betty came home late last night.Athat     B.whether        C.where        D.when3.She is afraid ________he _________cold at night. A. that, will catch  B. that, catches     C. whether, will catch   D. if , catches4 ---What did you learn in geography class yesterday?  ---I learned that the sun________ in the eastA.was rising  B. rises   C.rose    D. is rising5.Our teacher told us that we_______ the shoe factory the next week.A. visited      B. will visit       C would visit        D. visit6.Mr. Green says ____________they will go back to England.A where       B which        C who       D that7 ----Could I ask_______ with your computer? ----Of course you_____________.A what was the matter, could    B what the matter was, couldC what’s the matter, can        D what the matter is , can 8 Could you tell me ___________ to fly to Hainan.A how long does it take      B how much it costsC how long it spends        D how much it pays 9.---Do you know____________?   ---At 9:00 tomorrow morning?when the video meeting begin          B.when did the video meeeting beginC.when the video meeting will begin       D. when does the video meeting begin10.---Could you please tell me____________?   ---Throwing off poverty(脱贫)A.who people often talk about this year     B.what people often talk about this yearC.which do people often talk about this year  D.that people often talk about this year