2024版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价5Unit4NaturalDisasters新人教版必修第一册

课时质量评价(五)

必修第一册　UNIT 4

主题语境：自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护

Ⅰ．阅读理解

A

(2022·泰安模拟)When a heavy storm hit, residents of the floating community of Schoonschip in Amsterdam had little doubt about whether they could ride it out．They tied up their bikes and outdoor benches, and checked in with neighbours to ensure everyone had enough food and water as their neighbourhood slid up and down its steel foundational pillars (支柱), rising along with the water and going back to its original position after the rain stopped．

“We feel safer in storm because we are floating，”says Siti Boelen, a Dutch television producer who moved into Schoonschip two years ago．As sea levels rise and supercharged storms cause waters to rise, floating neighbourhoods offer an experiment in flood defence that could allow coastal communities to better fight against climate change．

A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by remaining on the top of the water's surface．Unlike houseboats, which can easily be moved and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid．They are structurally similar to houses built on land, but instead of a basement, they have a concrete hull (船体) that acts as a counterbalance, allowing them to remain stable in the water．

Severe wind and rain, or even the passing of large cruise ships, can make the buildings rock．Siti Boelen, the Schoonschip resident, says that when she first moved in, stormy weather made her think twice．“You feel it in your stomach，”she says, adding that she has gotten used to the feeling．Floating homes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system．

But the benefits may outweigh the costs．“If there are floods, it's expected that many people will move to higher ground．But the alternative is to stay close to coastal cities and explore expansion onto the water，”says Rutger de Graaf．“If you consider that in the second half of the century, hundreds of millions of people will be displaced by sea level rise, we need to start now to increase the scale of floating developments．”

1．What did local residents think when a heavy storm hit?

A．They could get through it．

B．They could control the flood．

C．They could get some bikes after it．

D．They could gain enough food in it．

2．What can we know about Siti Boelen?

A．She has a sense of security in a storm．

B．She gets along well with her neighbours．

C．She has produced TV sets used in the storm．

D．She makes contributions to defending against flood．

3．How does the author describe the floating houses in Paragraph 3?

A．By listing figures．

B．By giving examples．

C．By analysing reasons．

D．By making comparisons．

4．What's the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．The impacts of stormy weather．

B．The significance of thinking twice．

C．The higher costs of building houses．

D．The challenges faced by floating houses．

B

Water is so low in large stretches of Italy's largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing．

In a park near the central northern village of Gualtieri, cyclists and hikers stop in curiosity to observe the Zibello, a 50­metre­long ship that transported wood during World War Ⅱ but sank in 1943．It was normally covered by the Po's waters．“It's the first time that we can see this ship，”said amateur cyclist Raffaele Vezzal．“I've never seen such a drought at this time of year — our main worry was our river flooding, but now we worry about its disappearance．”

The drying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometres from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardising the drinking water supply in Italy's densely populated and highly industrialised districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian food valley．

Northern Italy hasn't seen rainfall for more than 110 days and this year's snowfall is down by 70%．Aquifers (含水层), which hold groundwater, are exhausted．Temperatures of 2℃ above season average are melting the tiny snowfields and glaciers that were left on the top of the surrounding Alps, leaving the Po basin without its summer water reservoirs．

All these factors are leading to the worst drought in 70 years, according to the Po River Basin Authority (PRBA)．

Meuccio Berselli, secretary­general of the PRBA, is working on a plan to guarantee drinking and irrigation water to millions of households and to the Po valley farmers, who produce 40% of Italian food．The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric (水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions．

According to a state­owned energy service system operator, 55% of the renewable energy coming from hydroelectric plants in Italy comes from the Po and its tributaries．Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions, as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gases．

5．What does the resurfacing of the Zibello suggest?

A．The drought of the Po is serious．

B．River flooding is worrying．

C．It has been recovered from damage．

D．Residents are preserving it．

6．What does the underlined word “jeopardising”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Indicating．     B．Increasing．

C．Endangering．    D．Providing．

7．What does the text indicate about the PRBA's plan?

A．It helps to generate renewable energy．

B．It may lead to environmental problems．

C．It will cause the Po to disappear quickly．

D．It deserves wide support and high praise．

8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．A Wartime Ship Is Resurfacing

B．Italy Is Seeking Water Supplies

C．A Drought Is Threatening Farmers

D．Italy's Largest River Is Drying Up

Ⅱ．应用文写作

假如你是中学生李华，上周一你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛，请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下：

1．在教室时怎样做；

2．在家时怎样更安全；

3．在街上时要注意什么。

注意：1．词数80左右；

2．题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。

What to Do During an Earthquake?

As we all know, earthquake is a terrible kind of natural disaster．So what should we do when an earthquake comes? ________________________________________

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课时质量评价(五)

Ⅰ．A

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个对抗暴风雨的新方法——漂浮房屋。

1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When a heavy storm hit, residents of the floating community of Schoonschip in Amsterdam had little doubt about whether they could ride it out．”可知，当暴雨来袭时，当地居民认为他们可以安然度过。故选A。

2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We feel safer in storm because we are floating”可知，Siti Boelen在暴风雨中有安全感。故选A。

3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by remaining on the top of the water's surface．Unlike houseboats, which can easily be moved and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid．”可知，本段是通过比较来描述漂浮房屋的。故选D。

4．D　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Severe wind and rain ...”和“Floating homes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system．”可知，第四段主要是关于漂浮房屋面临的挑战。故选D。

B

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于70年来最严重的干旱，意大利最大的河流——波河面临干涸，给意大利人的生活用水和灌溉带来极大威胁。

5．A　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，“济贝洛”号浮出水面表明波河的干旱非常严重。故选A。

6．C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The drying up of the Po”以及“and threatening irrigation”可知，画线词在词义上与“endangering”接近。故选C。

7．B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric (水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions．”和最后一段中的“Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions, as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gases．”可知，  波河流域管理部门的计划可能导致环境问题。故选B。

8．D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了由于70年来最严重的干旱，意大利最大的河流波河面临干涸。故选D。

Ⅱ．【参考范文】

What to Do During an Earthquake?

As_we_all_know,_earthquake_is_a_terrible_kind_of_natural_disaster．_So_what_should_we_do_when_an_earthquake_comes?

When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out．However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen．Don't go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony．

If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don't stand near buildings, fences or walls．Move quickly to a large open place to wait．Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous．