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2021-2022学年北京市中国人民大学附属中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题 解析版
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这是一份2021-2022学年北京市中国人民大学附属中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题 解析版，共27页。试卷主要包含了完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，阅读选择，七选五，阅读表达，邀请信等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市中国人民大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题
一、完形填空
When I was ten, we moved to a new house across town. Mark, one of the 1 boys, came over with his Star Wars action figures. Obi-Wan Kenobi's lightsaber lit up and he could swing his arms and say, in a tinny voice, "Use the Force!" I didn't think the figure looked much like the real Obi-Wan at all. Together, we watched him repeat this performance five times on the coffee table.
"Can he do anything else?" I asked.
Mark was 2 by my question. "Look at all the details," he said.
I looked at the details. I wasn't sure what I was supposed to say.
Mark was disappointed by my response. "Show me your toys."
I didn't have any toys 3 my paper menagerie. I brought Laohu out from my bedroom. By then he was very worn, patched all over with tape and glue, evidence of the years of repairs Mo m and I had done on him. He was no longer as nimble (敏捷的)and 4 as before. I carefully sat him down on the coffee table. I could hear the skittering steps of the other animals behind in the hallway, timidly peeking into the living room.
"Xiao laohu," I said, and stopped. I switched to English."This is Tiger." Cautiously, Laohu strode up and purred at Mark, sniffing his hands.
Mark 5 the Christmas-wrap pattern of Laohu's skin. "That doesn't look like a tiger at all. Your Mom makes toys for you from trash?",
I had never thought of Laohu as 6 . But looking at him now, he was really just a piece of wrapping paper.
Mark pushed Obi-Wan's head again. The lightsaber flashed; he moved his arms up and down. "Use the Force!"
Laohu turned and pounced, knocking the plastic figure 7 the table. It hit the floor and broke,and Obi-Wan's head rolled under the couch.
"Rawwww," Laohu laughed. I 8 him.
Mark punched me, hard. "This was very expensive! You can't even find it in the stores now. It probably cost more than what your Dad paid for your Mom!"
I stumbled and fell to the floor. Laohu growled and leapt at Mark's face.
Mark screamed, more out of fear and surprise than 9 . Laohu was only made of paper, after all. Mark grabbed Laohu and his snarl was choked off as Mark crumpled him in his hand and tore him in half. He balled up the two pieces of paper and threw them at me. "Here's your stupid cheap Chinese garbage."
After Mark left, I spent a long time trying, without 10 , to tape together the pieces, smooth out the paper, and follow the creases to refold Laohu. Slowly, the other animals came into the living room and gathered around us, me and the torn wrapping paper that used to be Laohu.
1．A．classmate B．neighborhood C．school D．camp
2．A．annoyed B．excited C．interested D．troubled 固扰的
3．A．besides B．except C．until D．before
4．A．self-excited B．power-driven C．strong-willed D．sure-footed
5．A．examined B．played C．held D．looked
6．A．toy B．handicraft C．trash D．gift
7．A．away B．down C．beyond D．off
8．A．blamed B．applauded C．laughed D．joined
9．A．pain B．sadness C．anger D．envy
10．A．effort B．failure C．difficulty D．success
【答案】
1．B
2．B
3．A
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．D
8．D
9．B
10．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的新邻居马克拿来《星球大战》的模型玩具炫耀，作者的纸质“老虎”被马克嘲笑。尽管“老虎”已经没有以前那么敏捷和稳健，但在受到侮辱的时候还是奋起反抗，打败了塑料玩具。最后“老虎”被马克撕成了碎片，再也不能折回以前的样子。
1．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：附近的一个男孩马克带着他的《星球大战》模型来了。A. classmate同学；B. neighborhood邻里；C. school学校；D. camp野营地。根据上文“When I was ten, we moved to a new house across town.”可知，作者刚搬到了一个新地方，由此推知是附近的一个男孩子拿着星球大战里的模型来找他。故选B。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克对我的问题感到兴奋。A. annoyed惹恼；B. excited使兴奋；C. interested使感兴趣；D. troubled给……造成麻烦。根据下文“"Look at all the details," he said.”推知，马克以为作者对自己的玩具很感兴趣，想要了解更多细节，所以对作者的问题感到很兴奋。故选B。
3．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了我的纸皮动物，我没有任何玩具。A. besides除……外还；B. except除了；C. until直到；D. before在……之前。根据下文“I brought Laohu out from my bedroom.”可知，作者有一个纸折的老虎，由此推知，此处是说除了纸质动物外，没有其他玩具了。故选A。
4．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不再像以前那样敏捷和有稳健了。A. self-excited自我激励的；B. power-driven有动力的；C. strong-willed意志坚定的；D. sure-footed稳健的。根据上文“evidence of the years of repairs Mom and I had done on him”可知，这个纸皮老虎已经被修过很多次，看起来不像以前那么稳健了。故选D。
5．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克仔细检查了老虎皮肤上圣诞包裹的图案。A. examined仔细检查；B. played玩；C. held拿，握，持有。D. looked看，看起来。根据下文“That doesn't look like a tiger at all. Your Mom makes toys for you from trash?”推知，经过仔细检查后，马克认为这个玩具根本不是老虎，还认为是作者妈妈用垃圾做成的。故选A。
6．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来不认为“老虎”是垃圾。A. toy玩具；B. handicraft手工艺品；C. trash垃圾；D. gift礼物。结合上文马克认为“老虎”是垃圾做成的以及下文“But looking at him now, he was really just a piece of wrapping paper.”可知，作者此时也认为“老虎”不过就是一层包装纸。由此推知，他在此之前都认为“老虎”很珍贵，不是垃圾，而现有点怀疑了。故选C。
7．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：老虎转过身，猛扑过去，把桌子上的塑料玩具撞了下来。A. away远离；B. down向下；C. beyond超过，超越；D. off远离，离开，距……。根据下文的“It hit the floor and broke,”可知，塑料玩具被撞下了桌子，knock…off“把……撞下……”。故选D。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和它一起。A. blamed责备；B. applauded鼓掌；C. laughed大笑，嘲笑；D. joined参加。结合上文马克嘲笑作者的“老虎”是垃圾和“Mark punched me, hard.”推知，作者也和“老虎”一起嘲笑马克的玩具。join sb“和某人一起”。故选D。
9．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克尖叫起来，但更多是出于恐惧和惊讶而非悲伤。A. pain疼痛；B. sadness悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. envy嫉妒，羡慕。根据上文“It hit the floor and broke,and Obi-Wan's head rolled under the couch.”可知，马克的玩具坏了，由此推知他本该为此伤心。故选B。
10．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克离开后，我花了很长时间试图用胶带把纸片粘在一起，把纸弄平，然后沿着折痕把“老虎”重新折起来，但没有成功。A. effort努力；B. failure失败；C. difficulty困难；D. success成功。根据下文“Slowly, the other animals came into the living room and gathered around us, me and the torn wrapping paper that used to be Laohu.”可知，作者最终没能把“老虎”折回原来的样子，即没有成功。故选D。
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面句子，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It seems that I have an active social life, attending parties and playing sports, but I'm distracted,because I strongly obsess over my phone. Social networking dominates my life. However, spending too much time 11． (socialize) online I always feel depressed and alone. I am barely the only one who feels and behaves this way. 12． is really worrying me is that no one can drop their phone because it is indispensable for present studies and life. Therefore, we are facing a situation, 13． we are wired up but more disconnected than ever.
【答案】
11．socializing
12．What
13．where
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要结合作者的亲身经历告诉我们，看似把人们拉近的社交媒体，正在影响人们生活。
11．
考查动名词。句意：然而，花太多时间在网上社交，我总是感到沮丧和孤独。根据短语spend time （in） doing sth.“花时间做某事”可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填socializing。
12．
考查主语从句。句意：真正让我担心的是，没有人能放下手机，因为它是目前学习和生活中不可或缺的。分析可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意为“……的事情”，应用连接代词what。故填What。
13．
考查定语从句。句意：因此，我们正面临着这样一种情况：我们被连接起来，但比以往任何时候都更加断开。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为situation，关系词代替它在从句作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【点睛】
阅读下面句子，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Jason, who was a wealthy college professor for 16 years, gave away all his money to charities a few years ago, 14． he thought brought him happiness and a sense of success in life. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, 15． a person who had everything while many people had nothing. He said what he wanted was to live simply and be helpful to others. Jason is one of the people who turn their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. In their eyes, success 16． (not measure) by how much money one has but by how one understands the true meaning of life.
【答案】
14．which
15．as
16．isn't measured
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了富有的大学教授Jason把自己的财产捐给慈善机构，因为在他们看来衡量成功的标准不是一个人有多少钱，而是一个人如何理解生活的真正意义。
14．
考查定语从句。句意：过去16年，杰森是一名富有的大学教授，几年前他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构，他认为这些钱给他带来了幸福和人生的成功感。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构”这件事，关系词代替它在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
15．
考查介词。句意：作为一个拥有一切而许多人一无所有的人，他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。分析可知，空处应用介词as，表示“作为”，与后面的“a person who had everything while many people had nothing.”构成介词短语，作状语。故填as。
16．
考查时态和语态。句意：在他们看来，衡量成功的标准不是一个人有多少钱，而是一个人如何理解生活的真正意义。空处为主句谓语动词，结合语境和下文has以及understands判断为一般现在时，主语success和measure之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语不可数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填isn't measured。
阅读下面句子，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Here are five easy" ways to improve our environment. Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were 17． eight kilometers, so you could easily walk or cycle. Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, 18． the same number will need at least 18 cars. If there isn't any 19． (necessary) to travel in small parties, why not relax, read or nap during the commute?Think before you go. Before you get into your car, think about 20． you really need to make that journey. Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. Take action! Don't just sit around and complain.
【答案】
17．under
18．while
19．necessity
20．whether
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章作者为我们介绍了五个简单的方法来改善我们的环境。
17．
考查介词。句意：2014年，超过55%的汽车旅行距离在8公里以下，所以你可以轻松地步行或骑车。根据“so you could easily walk or cycle”可知“超过55%的汽车旅行距离在8公里以下”，表示“在……以下”，用介词under，所以填under。
18．
考查连词。句意：一辆公交车最多可以搭载90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆汽车。前后句在进行对比，用连词while，所以填while。
19．
考查名词。句意：如果没有任何必要在小聚会中旅行，为什么不在通勤期间放松、阅读或小睡呢? 该空为there be句型中的主语，用名词，根据“is”可知用单数，所以填necessity。
20．
考查宾语从句。句意：在你上车之前，想想你是否真的需要走这趟旅程。分析句子结构，____4____ you really need to make that journey是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”的含义，用whether引导该从句，所以填whether。
三、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词并用正确的形式填空。
strive for greatness wipe out die out be committed to
be to blame in one's attempt to get ahead up to in short
take action set so apart at risk of boil down to
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits? One of the Olympic triathletes personifies the phrase herself.
To get to the top, she has made an endless list of sacrifices and it 21． this: she was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination. From a small girl, she would stay in at lunchtime just to 22． on class work; she would ride on the bus on her own at ten years old and go to swim 100 length is of the pool. This was time she could have spent with friends, playing and engaging in other pursuits. Later, 23． achieve glory in professional, she had undergone much physical and mental intensity. However, inspired by another stellar triathlete, she was always willing to do an extra little bit during her every workout, which gradually 24． from the other competitors.
Having been through fears and tears, she never regrets. To reach the winner's platform, athletes should 25． their sport. It is hard to live a life in a normal and balanced way, but these words are not used for the athletes who 26．.
【答案】
21．boils down to
22．get ahead
23．in her attempt to
24．set so apart
25．be committed to
26．strive for greatness
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。它从开头用一个问句“Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits?为什么奥林匹克运动员都逼迫他们自己冲到极限呢？”引入话题，讲述一个铁人三项女运动员是如何从自身经历印证这句话的。运动员们为了站在领奖台上，就必须要做到最好。
21．
考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：为了做到最好，她曾经做出过无数的牺牲，这都归结为一点：她天生就有巨多的动力和决心。根据这句话的结构和意思可知，这里是事实的描述，所以谓语动词用一般现在时。又因为主语是“it”，所以要用第三人称单数形式。故填boils down to。
22．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从是个小女孩的时候，她就经常在午餐时间不出去，就是为了能在课堂作业方面出人头地。根据句意，女孩子午餐时间不出去，说明她很要强，趁午餐时间多努力，目的就是要超过别人，出人头地。根据句子结构，空格前面是动词不定式to，所以，空格的动词要用原形。故填get ahead。
23．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：后来，为了在专业上获得荣誉，她在体力上和精神上做过许多的强度训练。根据句意可知，这里是表示目的的，“in one's attempt to do sth.”为了努力做到某事的意思。这里指的是那位女孩子，所以，相对应的one's要写成her。故填in her attempt to。
24．
考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：然而，受另外一个优秀的铁人三项运动员的鼓舞，她在每天锻炼的基础上一直都自愿再多做一些，这渐渐地使得她超越了其它运动员们。根据句意可知，她每天都比别人训练的多，最后的结果就应该是她优于其他人了。“set apart”是使与众不同，使优于（其他人或物）的意思。根据句子结构可知，这是which引导的非限制性定语从句，空格上是从句的谓语动词，因为这句话说的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去式。故填set so apart。
25．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了站在领奖台上，运动员们应该献身于他们的体育事业。根据句意可知，运动员们为了站在领奖台上，应该是付出很多的，“be committed to”就是献身于的意思。根据结构可知，这个短语是放在情态动词should后面，所以直接用动词原形即可。故填be committed to。
26．
考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：用正常平衡的方法生活很难，但是这些话不适合用于那些追求卓越、自强不息的运动员们。根据句子“but these words are not used for the
athletes”可知，上下文是转折的关系。用正常平衡的方法生活很难这些话不适合于运动员们，就说明这些运动员们不是平常的碌碌无为的人，而应该是追求卓越、自强不息的人，“strive for greatness”正是这个意思。根据句子结构可知，空格处需要who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，先行词是athletes，时态是一般现在时，所以谓语动词直接用原形即可。故填strive for greatness。
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词并用正确的形式填空。
strive for greatness wipe out die out be committed to
be to blame in one's attempt to get ahead up to in short
take action set so apart at risk of boil down to
Human beings are no stranger to extinctions, where entire species 27．. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. According to scientists, we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction, for which human activity will 28．.
There is a long list of reasons why so many species 29．: pollution, deforestation, farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists believe that 30． three quarters of all species on Earth could become extinct. In turn, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be 31． extinction.
However, it's not too late to 32． now. We need to take steps to set up nature and wildlife reserves, make good use of wind and solar energy, and reduce our carbon footprint. 33．, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
【答案】
27．are wiped out
28．be to blame
29．are dying out
30．up to
31．at risk of
32．take action
33．In short
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类的某些活动与物种灭绝之间存在关系，以及应该采取措施保护环境和动植物。
27．
考查时态和语态。句意：人类对于所有物种都被摧毁殆尽的物种大灭绝并不陌生。此处是用关系副词where引起的定语从句修饰前面的名词extinction（灭绝），所以从句表达的意思应该是“所有物种被摧毁”。动词短语wipe out （消灭，摧毁）符合句意，该动词短语和句子主语entire species之间是被动的关系。故填are wiped out。
28．
考查动词短语。句意：据科学家所说，我们正在进入地球的第六次大灭绝期，而人类活动是罪魁祸首。根据空格前动词will，可知空格处要填动词原形；根据句意，此处表示人类活动应该为物种灭绝承担责任。故填be to blame.
29．
考查时态。句意：这么多物种灭绝的原因有很多。分析句型可知此处要填谓语动词；根据上文所说物种灭绝，可知此处要填表示“灭绝”的动词短语；同时要用现在进行时表示此时正在进行的动作。故填are dying out。
30．
考查介词短语。句意：如果第六次大灭绝发生的话，科学家认为多达四分之三的地球上的物种会灭绝。根据空格后名词短语“ three quarters of all species”（四分之三的物种），可知此处要填介词，故填up to。
31．
考查介词短语。句意：反过来，由于人类的生存依赖这些物种，因此我们也会面临灭绝的风险。根据空格后名词“extinction”，以及句意物种灭绝，人类也还收到影响和波及，故填at risk of。
32．
考查动词短语。句意：然而，现在行动起来还不算太晚。根据空格前it's not too late to，可知此处考查的是be + 形容词 + to do 结构，所以空格处要填动词；根据后句“take steps”(采取行动)，可知空格处表达的也是“采取行动”之意。故填take action。
33．
考查介词短语。句意：总之，如果我们想生存，我们需要停止破坏这个我们赖以生存的星球并且开始保护它。分析句型可知，空格处要填副词或介词短语，同时根据文章结构，此处是对上文的总结概括并且发出呼吁，故填In short。
四、阅读选择
Early in my senior year at Whitney Young, I went for an obligatory(强制的)appointment with the school college counselor to whom I'd been assigned. I can't tell you much about the counselor, because I deliberately and almost instantly blotted this experience out. I don't remember her age or race or how she happened to look at me that day when I turned up in her office doorway, full of pride at the fact that I was on track to graduate in the top 10 percent of my class at Whitney Young, that I'd been elected treasurer of the senior class, made the National Honor Society, and managed to vanquish(击败，征服)every doubt I'd arrived with as a nervous ninth grader.
I don't remember whether she inspected my transcript(成绩报告单)before or after I announced my interest in joining my brother at Princeton the following fall. It's possible, in fact, that during our short meeting the college counselor said things to me that might have been positive and helpful, but I recall none of it. Because rightly or wrongly, I got stuck on one single sentence the woman uttered. “I'm not sure,” she said, giving me a careless, patronizing(居高临下的) smile,“that you're Princeton material.”
Her judgment was as swift as it was dismissive, probably based on a quick-glance calculus involving my grades and test scores. It was some version. I imagine, of what this woman did all daylong and with practiced efficiency, telling seniors where they did and didn't belong. I'm sure she figured she was only being realistic. I doubt that she gave our conversation another thought.
But as I've said, failure is a feeling long before it's an actual result. And for me, it felt like that's exactly what she was planting –a suggestion of failure long before I'd even tried to succeed. She was telling me to lower my sights.
But three years of keeping up with the ambitious kids at Whitney Young had taught me that I was something more. I wasn't going to let one person's opinion dislodge (强行移除)everything I thought I knew about myself. I would apply to Princeton. Then I settled down and got back to work.
And ultimately, six or seven months later, a letter arrived in our mailbox on Euclid Avenue, offering me admission to Princeton. I never went to the college counselor to tell her she'd been wrong—that I was Princeton material after all. It would have done nothing for either of us. And in the end, I hadn't needed to show her anything. I was only showing myself.
34．How did the author feel when she arrived at the counselor's office?
A．nervous B．proud C．discouraged D．excited
35．What did she remember about things the counselor said to her?
A．positive and helpful suggestions
B．praise of her grades and test scores
C．realistic plans of college application
D．judgment of where she didn't belong
36．What made her successful admission to Princeton?
A．belief in herself
B．lowering her sights
C．help from her teacher
D．support from her parents
【答案】
34．A
35．D
36．A
【分析】
这篇文章属于记叙文。主要讲述了作者去见了学校指定的大学顾问，向她表明想要申请普林斯顿大学，却被对方奚落。但是作者没有气馁，仍然相信自己一定可以申请成功。最后经过自己的努力，成功申请到了普林斯顿大学。
34．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句话“I don't remember her age or race or how she happened to look at me that day when I turned up in her office doorway, full of pride at the fact that I was on track to graduate in the top 10 percent of my class at Whitney Young,that I'd been elected treasurer of the senior class, made the National Honor Society, and managed to vanquish（击败，征服）every doubt I'd arrived with as a nervous ninth grader.”（因为骄傲于自己即将以Whitney Young学校的班级排名前百分之十而毕业，骄傲于自己被选为高年级的财务主管，并且被选入国家荣誉协会，同时骄傲于自己击溃了当时还是一名焦虑的九年级学生的我到达办公室之时的自我怀疑，所以我现在已经记不清她的年龄和种族或者那天当我出现在她的办公室门口时，她是如何看我的）句中的关键短语“as a nervous ninth grader”，可知作者在到达顾问的办公室的时候是有些紧张的。故选A项。
35．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Because rightly or wrongly, I got stuck on one single sentence the woman uttered.“I'm not sure,”she said, giving me a careless, patronizing(居高临下的) smile,“that you're Princeton material.”（因为不管对错，我被那个女人说的一句话卡住了。“我不确定，”她说，漫不经心地、居高临下地笑了笑，“你是不是上普林斯顿的料。”），可知作者能够记住的就是这位顾问认为她不配这所名牌大学。D项“judgment of where she didn't belong”（有关她不属于那里的评价）符合文意，故选D项。
36．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But three years of keeping up with the ambitious kids at Whitney Young had taught me that I was something more. I wasn't going to let one person's opinion dislodge （强行移除）everything I thought I knew about myself. ”（但是三年来在Whitney Young一直追赶那些具有雄心抱负的学生的经历让我明白我不仅如此。我不会让某个人的观点抹除我对自己的看法），以及后文“I would apply to Princeton. Then I settled down and got back to work.”（我会申请普林斯顿大学。然后，我就决定下来并且回去继续努力学习）可知，作者成功被普林斯顿大学录取是因为他坚信自己的能力和实力。故选A项。
【点睛】
通读文章了解主要内容揣摩中心思想，认真通读所有题目理解题意，再带着问题仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考组织答案。比如本篇第二题问到作者还记得的顾问对她说的话，关键词是“remember”和“the counselor said to her”，文章第二段第一句“I don't remember whether she inspected my transcript（成绩报告单）before or after I announced my interest in joining my brother at Princeton the following fall. ”以及地二句“It's possible, in fact, that during our short meeting the college counselor said things to me that might have been positive and helpful, but I recall none of it. ”有关键词，所以答案应该在本段寻找。
Something has changed at a workplace cafeteria in Birmingham. Next to the sandwiches and hot and cold dishes is a small globe symbol, coloured green, orange or red with a letter in the centre from A to E. “Meet our new eco-labels” a sign reads.
Researchers at Oxford University have analysed the ingredients in every food item on the menu and given the dishes an environmental impact score, vegetable soup (an A) to the lemon, spring onion, cheese and tuna bagel(an E). They team up with the food services business Compass Group for a trial at more than a dozen of its cafeterias across the UK to see if a label can change the way people eat.
The challenge for the scientists designing the trial is the image the diners see on the signs. How much information do you include in a label? How do you strike a balance between effective and practical?
During the pandemic, researchers ran studies on an online supermarket where people were given fake money to complete their fake shopping list. The trial gave a sense of what labels were more likely to sway people to buy eco-friendly. They round the most effective way to get people not to buy an item was to use a dark red globe symbol with the word "worse" printed on it. But while effective, it had real world limitations. "You're not going to be able to get anyone to use that unless you threaten them with legislation, because they don't want to say 'don't buy this',"said Brian Cook, the leader of the research.
The next challenge is the scale, especially in supermarkets. Going through tens of thousands of products and countless ingredients, determining the environmental impact in a supermarket would be a Herculean(艰巨的) task. To make it easier, the research team finally decided on four indicators for the trial's formula: greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and water use. They weighted each indicator equally in their equation for overall impact.
In most cases, the researchers say the biggest environmental impact will be to get people off meat. "Given that the goal is to get people to shift behaviour the most correct and scientifically reliable approach may actually not be the best approach." Clark said. He has considered that a national rollout of labels might need to be based on indicators already prioritised by businesses and mandated (强制执) by governments, to make the move as easy as possible.
37．What has changed at a workplace cafeteria i Burmingham?
A．Food is marked from A to E according to its nutrition.
B．Dishes are displayed with an environmental impact score.
C．The ingredients in every food item are regularly analysed.
D．The restaurant reopened with a sign "Meet our new eco-labels".
38．Which is true about the image on the signs?
A．The image does not affect consumers’ opinion
B．The dark red globe symbol is a threat to the law.
C．An effective image might not be a practical one.
D．The image must carry as much information as possible
39．In order to get people off meat, researchers have to ________
A．damage the interest of the business in food industry
B．put more weight on the indicator of greenhouse gas emissions
C．combine the benefit for business and the order of the government
D．consider whether the approach is supported by scientific evidences
40．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Eco-friendly, Start from Food
B．Off Meat, We Will Be Healthy
C．Eco-labels, A New Way We Eat
D．Globe Symbol, A New Trend for Business
【答案】
37．B
38．C
39．C
40．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的饮食方式--即给各种食物一个生态标签。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Next to the sandwiches and hot and cold dishes is a small globe symbol, coloured green, orange or red with a letter in the centre from A to E. “Meet our new eco-labels” a sign reads.”(在三明治和凉菜和热菜旁边有都有一个小小的球状标志，绿色、橙色或红色，在它们中间都有一个字母，字母是从A到E。一个指示牌上写着“看看我们新的环保标签”。以及第二段“given the dishes an environmental impact score, vegetable soup (an A) to the lemon, spring onion, cheese and tuna bagel(an E).”(根据菜肴的环境影响评分，蔬菜汤(A),柠檬、葱、奶酪和金枪鱼面包圈(E)。)可知,伯明翰工作场所的餐厅发生的变化是，每道菜都显示环境影响分。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段“But while effective, it had real world limitations.”(尽管有效，但是它有现实的局限性。)可知，图案虽然有效，但是实际操作有困难，它并不实用，所以关于指示牌上的图案正确的选项是C“An effective image might not be a practical one.”(有效的图像可能不是实用的。)，故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“He has considered that a national rollout of labels might need to be based on indicators already prioritised by businesses and mandated (强制执行) by governments, to make the move as easy as possible.”(他已经考虑到，在全国范围内推广标签可能需要基于企业已经优先考虑并由政府强制执行的指标，以使这一举措尽可能容易。)可知，为了使人们不吃肉，研究者已经把企业和政府的利益结合起来，故选C。
4.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲了在伯明翰，工作场所的餐厅，各种菜都有环保标签。第二段讲了牛津大学的研究者分析了菜单上的食物，并且给各个菜打上环境影响分。第三段讲了科学家在设计实验时的挑战就是设计图案。第四段介绍了科学家在网上进行了一项实验，结果发现最有效的图案可能不实用。第五段主要说了对于科学家来说，下一个挑战是确定超市的环境影响。最后一段主要讲了研究者认为最大的环境影响是使人们不吃肉。所以，全文主要围绕人们所吃的食物有生态标签来展开的，与选项C“Eco-labels, A New Way We Eat”(生态标签，一种新的饮食方式)符合，故选C。
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the latest episode in a string of environment-borne human tragedies, disastrous in its weight, reach, and results. We believe that the current pandemic, the following lockdown, and the post lockdown bustle to return to normalcy will have vital positive and negative consequences for biodiversity conservation furthermore, we believe that these results present an opportunity to learn important lessons for how to deal with future crises.
Conservation development projects requiring a mandatory（强制的）human presence, such as inspection of protected areas, treatments of diseases of wild plants and animals, and destruction of invasive alien species, may take a backseat. Without protection and with added pressures produced by humans owing to the mass migration and unemployment in the biodiversity-rich developing world, the_species and habitats of concern may he in danger of hunting, mining, logging, and diseases. For example, centuries-old coral reefs in the Caribbean are irreversibly damaged as a result of the lack of treatment against fungal diseases.
In contrast, a reduction in tourism and human presence may help species sensitive to pressure from to human thrive. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the lockdown has resulted in increase pregnancies in zoo animals, reintroduction programs of vulnerable species, and increased sightings of wildlife close to human inhabitation from around the world.
There has also been a significant decrease in noise pollution since the lockdown. Noise pollution is also known to reduce diversity, changing the community structure and interspecific interactions. Studies before the lockdown have shown that noise pollution is not just an urban problem but also pervades more remote locations, including protected areas, where anthropogenic sound levels are often double the natural background noise levels. The problem can be more acute in aquatic environments because noise travels faster and farther in water.
The rapid and visible changes in environment within a few weeks of the lockdown were surprising even for experts, which should create an optimistic attitude toward biodiversity conservation. The pandemic has shown us that seemingly extreme solutions and their implementation（执行）, such as a mandatory lockdown of human activities for a specific duration every year, may restore the planetary environment, even if for the time being if nothing else, such temporary solutions will delay the tipping points of future environmental crises. The scientific community will need to lead from the front, in creating solutions and in steering the sociopolitical will required to carry out these solutions for a more _long-lasting process of environmental conservation. In the absence of such realization, the environment and biodiversity conservation may take an even further backseat in national and international agenda in the post-COVID-19 world.
41．The coronavirus disease pandemic threatens biodiversity conservation because_________.
A．the lockdown has resulted in pew births of species
B．people are busy hunting and mining during pandemic
C．the pandemic changes the ways of communication among species
D．People are in dilemma for protection of biodiversity during the lockdown
42．What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．obsess over B．spread through C．associate with D．wipe out
43．We can learn from the last paragraph that the author ________.
A．hopes to have long-lasting lockdown of human activities
B．is challenging the extreme solutions in biodiversity protection
C．has a concern about international agenda in the post-COVID-19 world
D．believes that temporary lockdown will slow the pace of environmental
44．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点） C: Conclusion
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】
41．D
42．B
43．A
44．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新冠封锁期间给生物多样性带来的积极影响，以及人类应该从该事件中得到的反思。
41．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Conservation development projects requiring a mandatory（强制的）human presence, such as inspection of protected areas, treatments of diseases of wild plants and animals, and destruction of invasive alien species, may take a backseat. Without protection and with added pressures produced by humans owing to the mass migration and unemployment in the biodiversity-rich developing world, the species and habitats of concern may he in danger of hunting, mining, logging, and diseases.（需要强制人类参与的保护发展项目，如对保护区的视察、野生动植物疾病的治疗以及对外来入侵物种的破坏，可能会退居二线。如果没有保护，再加上人类在生物多样性丰富的发展中世界的大规模迁移和失业所造成的额外压力，所关注的物种和栖息地可能面临被猎杀、采矿、伐木和疾病的危险）”可知，新冠大流行会威胁生物多样性是因为，在封锁期间一些需要强制人类参与的保护开发项目没人或者只有很少的人员参与。D项 “在封锁期间，人们在保护生物多样性方面面临困难”符合以上说法。故选D。
42．
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Studies before the lockdown have shown that noise pollution is not just an urban problem but also pervades more remote locations, including protected areas, where anthropogenic sound levels are often double the natural background noise levels. （封锁前的研究表明，噪音污染不仅是一个城市问题，而且还pervades到更偏远的地区，包括保护区，那里的人为噪音水平往往是自然背景噪音水平的两倍）”可知，噪音污染不仅存在于城市，而且偏远地区也是如此，即噪音污染蔓延到了偏远地区。由此可知，划线词意为“蔓延”，与spread through同义。故选B。
43．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The pandemic has shown us that seemingly extreme solutions and their implementation, such as a mandatory lockdown of human activities for a specific duration every year, may restore the planetary environment, even if for the time being if nothing else, such temporary solutions will delay the tipping points of future environmental crises. （这一流行病向我们表明，看似极端的解决办法及其实施可能会恢复地球环境，例如每年在特定时间强制限制人类活动，即使暂时没有其他办法，这种临时解决办法也会推迟未来环境危机的引爆点） ”可推知，作者希望实行长期特定时间段的封锁，以推迟环境危机的引爆点。故选A。
44．
推理判断题。通读全文，第一段提出本文的中心：新冠疫情封锁期间给生物多样性带来的积极和消极影响。第二段提出：需要人类强制参与的保护项目受到一定的消极影响；第三段提出：旅游业的减少促进物种的繁荣，即封锁带来的积极影响。第四段提出：封锁期间噪音的减少。最后一段进行总结：封锁期间环境发生迅速而明显的变化，有利于物种多样性。由此可知，本文的结构是：一个中心，三个要点，一个总结，即图C所表达的结构。故选C。
【点睛】
五、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Effects of a Warmer World Are Visible in Animals’ Bodies
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. 45． In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara
Ryding, a phd candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks, limbs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4 % and 10 % since 1871.
All that dovetails (吻合)nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions.46． For example, Fennec foxes, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms Ryding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their modern counterparts. She is not the first researcher to take that approach. 47． All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places.Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
48． Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of many species, from insects to fish. Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmann’s rule, holds that animals in hotter places tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio between surface area and volume. Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such as by seeking shelter at hot times of the day.
Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much of Ms Ryding’s data concern birds, with less information available for other taxa (类群). But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to.49．
A．And there are other ways to adapt, too.
B．The animals living in it will look different, too.
C．Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
D．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour.
E.But it is hard to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (结构上的) change.
F.Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go.
G.Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed excess heat.
【答案】
45．D
46．G
47．E
48．A
49．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了可以从动物的身体中看出来全球变暖的影响。
45．
上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响。)”说明人类要适应气候变化依靠的是科学技术，选项D “动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。上下文通顺合理。故选D项。
46．
上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附 属 物) than those in less hot regions. (‘艾伦法则’是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物。)”说明炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项G“这种适应性提高了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“For example, Fennec foxes, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.(原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸耳朵大得惊人，尤其是与它们的北极近亲相比。)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选G项。
47．
下文“All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes. (所有其他因素，从猎物的变化到雄性或雌性不断进化的生殖偏好，都可能推动了这种变化。)”说明所有其他因素也可能推动这些解剖变化，选项E“但是很难证明气候变化是解剖结构变化的原因。”说明只靠气候变化这一因素难以证明解剖结构变化。上下文通顺合理。故选E项。
48．
下文“Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of many species, from insects to fish. Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmann’s rule, holds that animals in hotter places tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio between surface area and volume. Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such as by seeking shelter at hot times of the day. (研究人员已经发现，从昆虫到鱼类，许多物种的地理范围都发生了变化。另一个进化的经验法则，伯格曼法则，认为在更热的地方的动物往往有更小的身体，这是另一种提高表面积和体积比率的方法。其他动物可能会改变它们的行为和它们的身体，比如通过在一天的炎热时间寻求庇护。)”讲述了另外的一些适应方式，选项A“还有其他的适应方式。”位于段首，概括说明本段介绍其他的适应方式。上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
49．
上文“But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. (但很显然，未来的世界不仅仅会比人类习惯的更热。)”说明在未来的世界里，人类要面对许多气候变化问题，选项B“生活在里面的动物看起来也会不一样。”承接上文，说明，对比人类，生活在未来世界的动物也会发生变化。故选B项。
六、阅读表达
阅读下面的两篇短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Story One
Once upon a time a psychology professor walked around on a stage while teaching stress management principles to an auditorium filled-with students.As she raised a glass of water, everyone expected they'd be asked the typical glass half empty or glass half full question. Instead, with a smile on her face, the professor asked "How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding?"
Students shouted out answers ranging from eight ounces to a couple pounds. She replied, "From my perspective, the absolute weight of this glass doesn't matter. It all depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute or two. it's fairly light. If I hold it for an hour straight, its weight might make my arm ache a little. If I hold it for a day straight, my arm will likely cramp up （抽筋） and feel completely numb and paralyzed, forcing me to drop the glass to the floor. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn't change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it feels to me."
As the class nodded their heads in agreement, she continued, “Your stresses and worries in life are very much like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to ache a little. Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb and paralyzed – incapable of doing anything else until you drop them."
Story Two
One day a bright student wishing to be successful put this question to Socrates(苏格拉底）.
“Teacher, I have studied many years with you and even though I have learned many things I still have not learned the secret to success or what it really takes to be successful. Please train me in this mystery.”
Socrates looked at his student with a thoughtful expression and after a long pause, he responded. “My son, the secret is within each one of us if we only truly want it. If you walk-with me, I will take you to the river of life and show you.”
They walked side by side in silence for a while and upon reaching the river Socrates spoke. “My son, bend down here by-the edge of the river and stare deeply at these flowing waters." As the student bent down beside the river Socrates took him by the neck and plunged his head into the water. After only a few seconds (that felt like eternity to the young man), he started struggling to get his head out of the water, gasping for a breath.
After a couple of minutes, suddenly some inner strength burst into the young man and he pushed himself out of the water and gulped in precious air. After a few deep breaths he composed himself and pondered what had just happened. Was his teacher mad at him? What other reason would he act so strange?
The student blurted out, "Why did you do that?!"
Socrates answered rhetorically, "While your head was underwater, what was the one thing you wanted more than anything in life?"
“To take a breath of air to be able to stay alive,” he said.
“It is just as I told you earlier, the secret to success is already inside all of us. When you desire success as much as you wanted that breath of air, you will be successful.”
50．What is the moral(寓意，教益）of the first story?
51．As teachers in these two stories, what approach do the psychology professor and Socrates share in common to inspire their students?
52．What is the moral of the second story?How do you understand it?
【答案】
50．It’s important to remember to let go of your stresses and worries. No matter what happens during the day, as early in the evening as you can, put all your burdens down. Don’t carry them through the night and into the next day with you. And you can go on with a light and happy mind.
51．Instead of preaching, they all choose some commom phenomena or something familiar in daily life to make students understand obvious yet very important lessons.
52．The secret to success is only in wanting and working for it. The more you want it, the harder you will have to work at it. It is not easy. However, the result is worth your effort and desire.
【分析】
这篇文章属于夹叙夹议。文章通过两个小故事讲述了两个简单却重要的人生哲理。
50．
考查细节理解。根据原文Story One部分第三段“Your stresses and worries in life are very much like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to ache a little. Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb and paralyzed – incapable of doing anything else until you drop them.”（压力就像是这杯水，端一会儿，没啥问题；再久一点儿，你开始感觉到疼痛；一整天都在想着它，你会感到完全麻木和瘫痪——啥也做不了，除非你放下它们。），可知这位老师想通过这个故事告诉学生们要放下心中的压力和焦虑，才能轻装上阵，抛开顾虑，勇敢前行。故答案为It’s important to remember to let go of your stresses and worries. No matter what happens during the day, as early in the evening as you can, put all your burdens down. Don’t carry them through the night and into the next day with you. And you can go on with a light and happy mind。
51．
考查细节理解。Story One中老师用了手握水杯的直观且常见的例子来教导学生要放下压力和焦虑，轻装前行的道理。Story Two中Socrates使用了把学生的头按
水里，让学生挣扎着呼吸空气的实例让学生明白：要像渴望空气一样渴望成功，那么你就会成功。两者都是通过生活中的例子来向学生传授知识和道理的。故答案为Instead of preaching, they both choose some common phenomena or something familiar in daily life to make students understand obvious yet very important lessons。
52．
考查细节理解。根据Story Two中最后一段“It is just as I told you earlier, the secret to success is already inside all of us. When you desire success as much as you wanted that breath of air, you will be successful.”（就像我之前告诉你的，成功的秘诀在我们自身。当你像渴望空气一样渴望成功，你就会成功。）Socrates使用了把学生的头按进水里，让学生挣扎着呼吸空气的实例让学生明白要想成功，就得渴望成功。故答案为The secret to success is only in wanting and working for it. The more you want it, the harder you will have to work at it. It is not easy. However, the result is worth your effort and desire。
七、邀请信
53．假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，请给你校的美国交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他参加近期在北京国家会议中心举行的一年一度的茶博会。邮件的内容包括：
1.时间，地点，内容（品茶叶，赏茶器等）；
2.说明你邀请他的原因；
注意：1.100字左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：茶博会 China Beijing Tea Expo；国家会议中心 National Conference Center
Dear Jim
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are interested in tea and tea art, I am writing to invite you to attend the annual China Beijing Tea Expo to be held in National Conference Center.
The Expo will start at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning, so I will wait for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate, and then we will go there by bus. There will be more kinds of tea on display than you can imagine. In addition, tea to be tasted is provided. As you know, tea ware is also part of tea culture. At China Beijing Tea Expo, we can see various tea vessels, which reflect the tea drinking culture of different dynasties. I believe you can learn more about Chinese tea culture through this Expo.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。要求考生给美国交换生Jim写信，邀请他参加近期在北京国家会议中心举行的一年一度的茶博会。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
对......感兴趣：show interest in→be interested in
开始：begin→start
在展出：on show→on display
各种各样：a variety of→various
2.句型拓展
合并简单句
原句：The Expo will start at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning, so I will wait for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate, and then we will go there by bus.
拓展句：The Expo will start at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning, so I will wait for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate, after which we will go there by bus.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Knowing that you are interested in tea and tea art, I am writing to invite you to attend the annual China Beijing Tea Expo to be held in National Conference Center.（句中运用现在分词作原因状语及that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] As you know, tea ware is also part of tea culture.（句中运用as引导非限定性定语从句）
北京市中国人民大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题
一、完形填空
When I was ten, we moved to a new house across town. Mark, one of the 1 boys, came over with his Star Wars action figures. Obi-Wan Kenobi's lightsaber lit up and he could swing his arms and say, in a tinny voice, "Use the Force!" I didn't think the figure looked much like the real Obi-Wan at all. Together, we watched him repeat this performance five times on the coffee table.
"Can he do anything else?" I asked.
Mark was 2 by my question. "Look at all the details," he said.
I looked at the details. I wasn't sure what I was supposed to say.
Mark was disappointed by my response. "Show me your toys."
I didn't have any toys 3 my paper menagerie. I brought Laohu out from my bedroom. By then he was very worn, patched all over with tape and glue, evidence of the years of repairs Mo m and I had done on him. He was no longer as nimble (敏捷的)and 4 as before. I carefully sat him down on the coffee table. I could hear the skittering steps of the other animals behind in the hallway, timidly peeking into the living room.
"Xiao laohu," I said, and stopped. I switched to English."This is Tiger." Cautiously, Laohu strode up and purred at Mark, sniffing his hands.
Mark 5 the Christmas-wrap pattern of Laohu's skin. "That doesn't look like a tiger at all. Your Mom makes toys for you from trash?",
I had never thought of Laohu as 6 . But looking at him now, he was really just a piece of wrapping paper.
Mark pushed Obi-Wan's head again. The lightsaber flashed; he moved his arms up and down. "Use the Force!"
Laohu turned and pounced, knocking the plastic figure 7 the table. It hit the floor and broke,and Obi-Wan's head rolled under the couch.
"Rawwww," Laohu laughed. I 8 him.
Mark punched me, hard. "This was very expensive! You can't even find it in the stores now. It probably cost more than what your Dad paid for your Mom!"
I stumbled and fell to the floor. Laohu growled and leapt at Mark's face.
Mark screamed, more out of fear and surprise than 9 . Laohu was only made of paper, after all. Mark grabbed Laohu and his snarl was choked off as Mark crumpled him in his hand and tore him in half. He balled up the two pieces of paper and threw them at me. "Here's your stupid cheap Chinese garbage."
After Mark left, I spent a long time trying, without 10 , to tape together the pieces, smooth out the paper, and follow the creases to refold Laohu. Slowly, the other animals came into the living room and gathered around us, me and the torn wrapping paper that used to be Laohu.
1．A．classmate B．neighborhood C．school D．camp
2．A．annoyed B．excited C．interested D．troubled 固扰的
3．A．besides B．except C．until D．before
4．A．self-excited B．power-driven C．strong-willed D．sure-footed
5．A．examined B．played C．held D．looked
6．A．toy B．handicraft C．trash D．gift
7．A．away B．down C．beyond D．off
8．A．blamed B．applauded C．laughed D．joined
9．A．pain B．sadness C．anger D．envy
10．A．effort B．failure C．difficulty D．success
【答案】
1．B
2．B
3．A
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．D
8．D
9．B
10．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的新邻居马克拿来《星球大战》的模型玩具炫耀，作者的纸质“老虎”被马克嘲笑。尽管“老虎”已经没有以前那么敏捷和稳健，但在受到侮辱的时候还是奋起反抗，打败了塑料玩具。最后“老虎”被马克撕成了碎片，再也不能折回以前的样子。
1．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：附近的一个男孩马克带着他的《星球大战》模型来了。A. classmate同学；B. neighborhood邻里；C. school学校；D. camp野营地。根据上文“When I was ten, we moved to a new house across town.”可知，作者刚搬到了一个新地方，由此推知是附近的一个男孩子拿着星球大战里的模型来找他。故选B。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克对我的问题感到兴奋。A. annoyed惹恼；B. excited使兴奋；C. interested使感兴趣；D. troubled给……造成麻烦。根据下文“"Look at all the details," he said.”推知，马克以为作者对自己的玩具很感兴趣，想要了解更多细节，所以对作者的问题感到很兴奋。故选B。
3．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了我的纸皮动物，我没有任何玩具。A. besides除……外还；B. except除了；C. until直到；D. before在……之前。根据下文“I brought Laohu out from my bedroom.”可知，作者有一个纸折的老虎，由此推知，此处是说除了纸质动物外，没有其他玩具了。故选A。
4．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不再像以前那样敏捷和有稳健了。A. self-excited自我激励的；B. power-driven有动力的；C. strong-willed意志坚定的；D. sure-footed稳健的。根据上文“evidence of the years of repairs Mom and I had done on him”可知，这个纸皮老虎已经被修过很多次，看起来不像以前那么稳健了。故选D。
5．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克仔细检查了老虎皮肤上圣诞包裹的图案。A. examined仔细检查；B. played玩；C. held拿，握，持有。D. looked看，看起来。根据下文“That doesn't look like a tiger at all. Your Mom makes toys for you from trash?”推知，经过仔细检查后，马克认为这个玩具根本不是老虎，还认为是作者妈妈用垃圾做成的。故选A。
6．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来不认为“老虎”是垃圾。A. toy玩具；B. handicraft手工艺品；C. trash垃圾；D. gift礼物。结合上文马克认为“老虎”是垃圾做成的以及下文“But looking at him now, he was really just a piece of wrapping paper.”可知，作者此时也认为“老虎”不过就是一层包装纸。由此推知，他在此之前都认为“老虎”很珍贵，不是垃圾，而现有点怀疑了。故选C。
7．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：老虎转过身，猛扑过去，把桌子上的塑料玩具撞了下来。A. away远离；B. down向下；C. beyond超过，超越；D. off远离，离开，距……。根据下文的“It hit the floor and broke,”可知，塑料玩具被撞下了桌子，knock…off“把……撞下……”。故选D。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和它一起。A. blamed责备；B. applauded鼓掌；C. laughed大笑，嘲笑；D. joined参加。结合上文马克嘲笑作者的“老虎”是垃圾和“Mark punched me, hard.”推知，作者也和“老虎”一起嘲笑马克的玩具。join sb“和某人一起”。故选D。
9．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克尖叫起来，但更多是出于恐惧和惊讶而非悲伤。A. pain疼痛；B. sadness悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. envy嫉妒，羡慕。根据上文“It hit the floor and broke,and Obi-Wan's head rolled under the couch.”可知，马克的玩具坏了，由此推知他本该为此伤心。故选B。
10．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克离开后，我花了很长时间试图用胶带把纸片粘在一起，把纸弄平，然后沿着折痕把“老虎”重新折起来，但没有成功。A. effort努力；B. failure失败；C. difficulty困难；D. success成功。根据下文“Slowly, the other animals came into the living room and gathered around us, me and the torn wrapping paper that used to be Laohu.”可知，作者最终没能把“老虎”折回原来的样子，即没有成功。故选D。
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面句子，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It seems that I have an active social life, attending parties and playing sports, but I'm distracted,because I strongly obsess over my phone. Social networking dominates my life. However, spending too much time 11． (socialize) online I always feel depressed and alone. I am barely the only one who feels and behaves this way. 12． is really worrying me is that no one can drop their phone because it is indispensable for present studies and life. Therefore, we are facing a situation, 13． we are wired up but more disconnected than ever.
【答案】
11．socializing
12．What
13．where
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要结合作者的亲身经历告诉我们，看似把人们拉近的社交媒体，正在影响人们生活。
11．
考查动名词。句意：然而，花太多时间在网上社交，我总是感到沮丧和孤独。根据短语spend time （in） doing sth.“花时间做某事”可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填socializing。
12．
考查主语从句。句意：真正让我担心的是，没有人能放下手机，因为它是目前学习和生活中不可或缺的。分析可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意为“……的事情”，应用连接代词what。故填What。
13．
考查定语从句。句意：因此，我们正面临着这样一种情况：我们被连接起来，但比以往任何时候都更加断开。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为situation，关系词代替它在从句作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【点睛】
阅读下面句子，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Jason, who was a wealthy college professor for 16 years, gave away all his money to charities a few years ago, 14． he thought brought him happiness and a sense of success in life. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, 15． a person who had everything while many people had nothing. He said what he wanted was to live simply and be helpful to others. Jason is one of the people who turn their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. In their eyes, success 16． (not measure) by how much money one has but by how one understands the true meaning of life.
【答案】
14．which
15．as
16．isn't measured
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了富有的大学教授Jason把自己的财产捐给慈善机构，因为在他们看来衡量成功的标准不是一个人有多少钱，而是一个人如何理解生活的真正意义。
14．
考查定语从句。句意：过去16年，杰森是一名富有的大学教授，几年前他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构，他认为这些钱给他带来了幸福和人生的成功感。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构”这件事，关系词代替它在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
15．
考查介词。句意：作为一个拥有一切而许多人一无所有的人，他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活。分析可知，空处应用介词as，表示“作为”，与后面的“a person who had everything while many people had nothing.”构成介词短语，作状语。故填as。
16．
考查时态和语态。句意：在他们看来，衡量成功的标准不是一个人有多少钱，而是一个人如何理解生活的真正意义。空处为主句谓语动词，结合语境和下文has以及understands判断为一般现在时，主语success和measure之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语不可数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填isn't measured。
阅读下面句子，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Here are five easy" ways to improve our environment. Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were 17． eight kilometers, so you could easily walk or cycle. Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, 18． the same number will need at least 18 cars. If there isn't any 19． (necessary) to travel in small parties, why not relax, read or nap during the commute?Think before you go. Before you get into your car, think about 20． you really need to make that journey. Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. Take action! Don't just sit around and complain.
【答案】
17．under
18．while
19．necessity
20．whether
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章作者为我们介绍了五个简单的方法来改善我们的环境。
17．
考查介词。句意：2014年，超过55%的汽车旅行距离在8公里以下，所以你可以轻松地步行或骑车。根据“so you could easily walk or cycle”可知“超过55%的汽车旅行距离在8公里以下”，表示“在……以下”，用介词under，所以填under。
18．
考查连词。句意：一辆公交车最多可以搭载90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆汽车。前后句在进行对比，用连词while，所以填while。
19．
考查名词。句意：如果没有任何必要在小聚会中旅行，为什么不在通勤期间放松、阅读或小睡呢? 该空为there be句型中的主语，用名词，根据“is”可知用单数，所以填necessity。
20．
考查宾语从句。句意：在你上车之前，想想你是否真的需要走这趟旅程。分析句子结构，____4____ you really need to make that journey是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”的含义，用whether引导该从句，所以填whether。
三、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词并用正确的形式填空。
strive for greatness wipe out die out be committed to
be to blame in one's attempt to get ahead up to in short
take action set so apart at risk of boil down to
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits? One of the Olympic triathletes personifies the phrase herself.
To get to the top, she has made an endless list of sacrifices and it 21． this: she was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination. From a small girl, she would stay in at lunchtime just to 22． on class work; she would ride on the bus on her own at ten years old and go to swim 100 length is of the pool. This was time she could have spent with friends, playing and engaging in other pursuits. Later, 23． achieve glory in professional, she had undergone much physical and mental intensity. However, inspired by another stellar triathlete, she was always willing to do an extra little bit during her every workout, which gradually 24． from the other competitors.
Having been through fears and tears, she never regrets. To reach the winner's platform, athletes should 25． their sport. It is hard to live a life in a normal and balanced way, but these words are not used for the athletes who 26．.
【答案】
21．boils down to
22．get ahead
23．in her attempt to
24．set so apart
25．be committed to
26．strive for greatness
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。它从开头用一个问句“Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits?为什么奥林匹克运动员都逼迫他们自己冲到极限呢？”引入话题，讲述一个铁人三项女运动员是如何从自身经历印证这句话的。运动员们为了站在领奖台上，就必须要做到最好。
21．
考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：为了做到最好，她曾经做出过无数的牺牲，这都归结为一点：她天生就有巨多的动力和决心。根据这句话的结构和意思可知，这里是事实的描述，所以谓语动词用一般现在时。又因为主语是“it”，所以要用第三人称单数形式。故填boils down to。
22．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从是个小女孩的时候，她就经常在午餐时间不出去，就是为了能在课堂作业方面出人头地。根据句意，女孩子午餐时间不出去，说明她很要强，趁午餐时间多努力，目的就是要超过别人，出人头地。根据句子结构，空格前面是动词不定式to，所以，空格的动词要用原形。故填get ahead。
23．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：后来，为了在专业上获得荣誉，她在体力上和精神上做过许多的强度训练。根据句意可知，这里是表示目的的，“in one's attempt to do sth.”为了努力做到某事的意思。这里指的是那位女孩子，所以，相对应的one's要写成her。故填in her attempt to。
24．
考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：然而，受另外一个优秀的铁人三项运动员的鼓舞，她在每天锻炼的基础上一直都自愿再多做一些，这渐渐地使得她超越了其它运动员们。根据句意可知，她每天都比别人训练的多，最后的结果就应该是她优于其他人了。“set apart”是使与众不同，使优于（其他人或物）的意思。根据句子结构可知，这是which引导的非限制性定语从句，空格上是从句的谓语动词，因为这句话说的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去式。故填set so apart。
25．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了站在领奖台上，运动员们应该献身于他们的体育事业。根据句意可知，运动员们为了站在领奖台上，应该是付出很多的，“be committed to”就是献身于的意思。根据结构可知，这个短语是放在情态动词should后面，所以直接用动词原形即可。故填be committed to。
26．
考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：用正常平衡的方法生活很难，但是这些话不适合用于那些追求卓越、自强不息的运动员们。根据句子“but these words are not used for the
athletes”可知，上下文是转折的关系。用正常平衡的方法生活很难这些话不适合于运动员们，就说明这些运动员们不是平常的碌碌无为的人，而应该是追求卓越、自强不息的人，“strive for greatness”正是这个意思。根据句子结构可知，空格处需要who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，先行词是athletes，时态是一般现在时，所以谓语动词直接用原形即可。故填strive for greatness。
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词并用正确的形式填空。
strive for greatness wipe out die out be committed to
be to blame in one's attempt to get ahead up to in short
take action set so apart at risk of boil down to
Human beings are no stranger to extinctions, where entire species 27．. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. According to scientists, we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction, for which human activity will 28．.
There is a long list of reasons why so many species 29．: pollution, deforestation, farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists believe that 30． three quarters of all species on Earth could become extinct. In turn, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be 31． extinction.
However, it's not too late to 32． now. We need to take steps to set up nature and wildlife reserves, make good use of wind and solar energy, and reduce our carbon footprint. 33．, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
【答案】
27．are wiped out
28．be to blame
29．are dying out
30．up to
31．at risk of
32．take action
33．In short
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类的某些活动与物种灭绝之间存在关系，以及应该采取措施保护环境和动植物。
27．
考查时态和语态。句意：人类对于所有物种都被摧毁殆尽的物种大灭绝并不陌生。此处是用关系副词where引起的定语从句修饰前面的名词extinction（灭绝），所以从句表达的意思应该是“所有物种被摧毁”。动词短语wipe out （消灭，摧毁）符合句意，该动词短语和句子主语entire species之间是被动的关系。故填are wiped out。
28．
考查动词短语。句意：据科学家所说，我们正在进入地球的第六次大灭绝期，而人类活动是罪魁祸首。根据空格前动词will，可知空格处要填动词原形；根据句意，此处表示人类活动应该为物种灭绝承担责任。故填be to blame.
29．
考查时态。句意：这么多物种灭绝的原因有很多。分析句型可知此处要填谓语动词；根据上文所说物种灭绝，可知此处要填表示“灭绝”的动词短语；同时要用现在进行时表示此时正在进行的动作。故填are dying out。
30．
考查介词短语。句意：如果第六次大灭绝发生的话，科学家认为多达四分之三的地球上的物种会灭绝。根据空格后名词短语“ three quarters of all species”（四分之三的物种），可知此处要填介词，故填up to。
31．
考查介词短语。句意：反过来，由于人类的生存依赖这些物种，因此我们也会面临灭绝的风险。根据空格后名词“extinction”，以及句意物种灭绝，人类也还收到影响和波及，故填at risk of。
32．
考查动词短语。句意：然而，现在行动起来还不算太晚。根据空格前it's not too late to，可知此处考查的是be + 形容词 + to do 结构，所以空格处要填动词；根据后句“take steps”(采取行动)，可知空格处表达的也是“采取行动”之意。故填take action。
33．
考查介词短语。句意：总之，如果我们想生存，我们需要停止破坏这个我们赖以生存的星球并且开始保护它。分析句型可知，空格处要填副词或介词短语，同时根据文章结构，此处是对上文的总结概括并且发出呼吁，故填In short。
四、阅读选择
Early in my senior year at Whitney Young, I went for an obligatory(强制的)appointment with the school college counselor to whom I'd been assigned. I can't tell you much about the counselor, because I deliberately and almost instantly blotted this experience out. I don't remember her age or race or how she happened to look at me that day when I turned up in her office doorway, full of pride at the fact that I was on track to graduate in the top 10 percent of my class at Whitney Young, that I'd been elected treasurer of the senior class, made the National Honor Society, and managed to vanquish(击败，征服)every doubt I'd arrived with as a nervous ninth grader.
I don't remember whether she inspected my transcript(成绩报告单)before or after I announced my interest in joining my brother at Princeton the following fall. It's possible, in fact, that during our short meeting the college counselor said things to me that might have been positive and helpful, but I recall none of it. Because rightly or wrongly, I got stuck on one single sentence the woman uttered. “I'm not sure,” she said, giving me a careless, patronizing(居高临下的) smile,“that you're Princeton material.”
Her judgment was as swift as it was dismissive, probably based on a quick-glance calculus involving my grades and test scores. It was some version. I imagine, of what this woman did all daylong and with practiced efficiency, telling seniors where they did and didn't belong. I'm sure she figured she was only being realistic. I doubt that she gave our conversation another thought.
But as I've said, failure is a feeling long before it's an actual result. And for me, it felt like that's exactly what she was planting –a suggestion of failure long before I'd even tried to succeed. She was telling me to lower my sights.
But three years of keeping up with the ambitious kids at Whitney Young had taught me that I was something more. I wasn't going to let one person's opinion dislodge (强行移除)everything I thought I knew about myself. I would apply to Princeton. Then I settled down and got back to work.
And ultimately, six or seven months later, a letter arrived in our mailbox on Euclid Avenue, offering me admission to Princeton. I never went to the college counselor to tell her she'd been wrong—that I was Princeton material after all. It would have done nothing for either of us. And in the end, I hadn't needed to show her anything. I was only showing myself.
34．How did the author feel when she arrived at the counselor's office?
A．nervous B．proud C．discouraged D．excited
35．What did she remember about things the counselor said to her?
A．positive and helpful suggestions
B．praise of her grades and test scores
C．realistic plans of college application
D．judgment of where she didn't belong
36．What made her successful admission to Princeton?
A．belief in herself
B．lowering her sights
C．help from her teacher
D．support from her parents
【答案】
34．A
35．D
36．A
【分析】
这篇文章属于记叙文。主要讲述了作者去见了学校指定的大学顾问，向她表明想要申请普林斯顿大学，却被对方奚落。但是作者没有气馁，仍然相信自己一定可以申请成功。最后经过自己的努力，成功申请到了普林斯顿大学。
34．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句话“I don't remember her age or race or how she happened to look at me that day when I turned up in her office doorway, full of pride at the fact that I was on track to graduate in the top 10 percent of my class at Whitney Young,that I'd been elected treasurer of the senior class, made the National Honor Society, and managed to vanquish（击败，征服）every doubt I'd arrived with as a nervous ninth grader.”（因为骄傲于自己即将以Whitney Young学校的班级排名前百分之十而毕业，骄傲于自己被选为高年级的财务主管，并且被选入国家荣誉协会，同时骄傲于自己击溃了当时还是一名焦虑的九年级学生的我到达办公室之时的自我怀疑，所以我现在已经记不清她的年龄和种族或者那天当我出现在她的办公室门口时，她是如何看我的）句中的关键短语“as a nervous ninth grader”，可知作者在到达顾问的办公室的时候是有些紧张的。故选A项。
35．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Because rightly or wrongly, I got stuck on one single sentence the woman uttered.“I'm not sure,”she said, giving me a careless, patronizing(居高临下的) smile,“that you're Princeton material.”（因为不管对错，我被那个女人说的一句话卡住了。“我不确定，”她说，漫不经心地、居高临下地笑了笑，“你是不是上普林斯顿的料。”），可知作者能够记住的就是这位顾问认为她不配这所名牌大学。D项“judgment of where she didn't belong”（有关她不属于那里的评价）符合文意，故选D项。
36．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But three years of keeping up with the ambitious kids at Whitney Young had taught me that I was something more. I wasn't going to let one person's opinion dislodge （强行移除）everything I thought I knew about myself. ”（但是三年来在Whitney Young一直追赶那些具有雄心抱负的学生的经历让我明白我不仅如此。我不会让某个人的观点抹除我对自己的看法），以及后文“I would apply to Princeton. Then I settled down and got back to work.”（我会申请普林斯顿大学。然后，我就决定下来并且回去继续努力学习）可知，作者成功被普林斯顿大学录取是因为他坚信自己的能力和实力。故选A项。
【点睛】
通读文章了解主要内容揣摩中心思想，认真通读所有题目理解题意，再带着问题仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考组织答案。比如本篇第二题问到作者还记得的顾问对她说的话，关键词是“remember”和“the counselor said to her”，文章第二段第一句“I don't remember whether she inspected my transcript（成绩报告单）before or after I announced my interest in joining my brother at Princeton the following fall. ”以及地二句“It's possible, in fact, that during our short meeting the college counselor said things to me that might have been positive and helpful, but I recall none of it. ”有关键词，所以答案应该在本段寻找。
Something has changed at a workplace cafeteria in Birmingham. Next to the sandwiches and hot and cold dishes is a small globe symbol, coloured green, orange or red with a letter in the centre from A to E. “Meet our new eco-labels” a sign reads.
Researchers at Oxford University have analysed the ingredients in every food item on the menu and given the dishes an environmental impact score, vegetable soup (an A) to the lemon, spring onion, cheese and tuna bagel(an E). They team up with the food services business Compass Group for a trial at more than a dozen of its cafeterias across the UK to see if a label can change the way people eat.
The challenge for the scientists designing the trial is the image the diners see on the signs. How much information do you include in a label? How do you strike a balance between effective and practical?
During the pandemic, researchers ran studies on an online supermarket where people were given fake money to complete their fake shopping list. The trial gave a sense of what labels were more likely to sway people to buy eco-friendly. They round the most effective way to get people not to buy an item was to use a dark red globe symbol with the word "worse" printed on it. But while effective, it had real world limitations. "You're not going to be able to get anyone to use that unless you threaten them with legislation, because they don't want to say 'don't buy this',"said Brian Cook, the leader of the research.
The next challenge is the scale, especially in supermarkets. Going through tens of thousands of products and countless ingredients, determining the environmental impact in a supermarket would be a Herculean(艰巨的) task. To make it easier, the research team finally decided on four indicators for the trial's formula: greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and water use. They weighted each indicator equally in their equation for overall impact.
In most cases, the researchers say the biggest environmental impact will be to get people off meat. "Given that the goal is to get people to shift behaviour the most correct and scientifically reliable approach may actually not be the best approach." Clark said. He has considered that a national rollout of labels might need to be based on indicators already prioritised by businesses and mandated (强制执) by governments, to make the move as easy as possible.
37．What has changed at a workplace cafeteria i Burmingham?
A．Food is marked from A to E according to its nutrition.
B．Dishes are displayed with an environmental impact score.
C．The ingredients in every food item are regularly analysed.
D．The restaurant reopened with a sign "Meet our new eco-labels".
38．Which is true about the image on the signs?
A．The image does not affect consumers’ opinion
B．The dark red globe symbol is a threat to the law.
C．An effective image might not be a practical one.
D．The image must carry as much information as possible
39．In order to get people off meat, researchers have to ________
A．damage the interest of the business in food industry
B．put more weight on the indicator of greenhouse gas emissions
C．combine the benefit for business and the order of the government
D．consider whether the approach is supported by scientific evidences
40．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Eco-friendly, Start from Food
B．Off Meat, We Will Be Healthy
C．Eco-labels, A New Way We Eat
D．Globe Symbol, A New Trend for Business
【答案】
37．B
38．C
39．C
40．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的饮食方式--即给各种食物一个生态标签。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Next to the sandwiches and hot and cold dishes is a small globe symbol, coloured green, orange or red with a letter in the centre from A to E. “Meet our new eco-labels” a sign reads.”(在三明治和凉菜和热菜旁边有都有一个小小的球状标志，绿色、橙色或红色，在它们中间都有一个字母，字母是从A到E。一个指示牌上写着“看看我们新的环保标签”。以及第二段“given the dishes an environmental impact score, vegetable soup (an A) to the lemon, spring onion, cheese and tuna bagel(an E).”(根据菜肴的环境影响评分，蔬菜汤(A),柠檬、葱、奶酪和金枪鱼面包圈(E)。)可知,伯明翰工作场所的餐厅发生的变化是，每道菜都显示环境影响分。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段“But while effective, it had real world limitations.”(尽管有效，但是它有现实的局限性。)可知，图案虽然有效，但是实际操作有困难，它并不实用，所以关于指示牌上的图案正确的选项是C“An effective image might not be a practical one.”(有效的图像可能不是实用的。)，故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“He has considered that a national rollout of labels might need to be based on indicators already prioritised by businesses and mandated (强制执行) by governments, to make the move as easy as possible.”(他已经考虑到，在全国范围内推广标签可能需要基于企业已经优先考虑并由政府强制执行的指标，以使这一举措尽可能容易。)可知，为了使人们不吃肉，研究者已经把企业和政府的利益结合起来，故选C。
4.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲了在伯明翰，工作场所的餐厅，各种菜都有环保标签。第二段讲了牛津大学的研究者分析了菜单上的食物，并且给各个菜打上环境影响分。第三段讲了科学家在设计实验时的挑战就是设计图案。第四段介绍了科学家在网上进行了一项实验，结果发现最有效的图案可能不实用。第五段主要说了对于科学家来说，下一个挑战是确定超市的环境影响。最后一段主要讲了研究者认为最大的环境影响是使人们不吃肉。所以，全文主要围绕人们所吃的食物有生态标签来展开的，与选项C“Eco-labels, A New Way We Eat”(生态标签，一种新的饮食方式)符合，故选C。
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the latest episode in a string of environment-borne human tragedies, disastrous in its weight, reach, and results. We believe that the current pandemic, the following lockdown, and the post lockdown bustle to return to normalcy will have vital positive and negative consequences for biodiversity conservation furthermore, we believe that these results present an opportunity to learn important lessons for how to deal with future crises.
Conservation development projects requiring a mandatory（强制的）human presence, such as inspection of protected areas, treatments of diseases of wild plants and animals, and destruction of invasive alien species, may take a backseat. Without protection and with added pressures produced by humans owing to the mass migration and unemployment in the biodiversity-rich developing world, the_species and habitats of concern may he in danger of hunting, mining, logging, and diseases. For example, centuries-old coral reefs in the Caribbean are irreversibly damaged as a result of the lack of treatment against fungal diseases.
In contrast, a reduction in tourism and human presence may help species sensitive to pressure from to human thrive. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the lockdown has resulted in increase pregnancies in zoo animals, reintroduction programs of vulnerable species, and increased sightings of wildlife close to human inhabitation from around the world.
There has also been a significant decrease in noise pollution since the lockdown. Noise pollution is also known to reduce diversity, changing the community structure and interspecific interactions. Studies before the lockdown have shown that noise pollution is not just an urban problem but also pervades more remote locations, including protected areas, where anthropogenic sound levels are often double the natural background noise levels. The problem can be more acute in aquatic environments because noise travels faster and farther in water.
The rapid and visible changes in environment within a few weeks of the lockdown were surprising even for experts, which should create an optimistic attitude toward biodiversity conservation. The pandemic has shown us that seemingly extreme solutions and their implementation（执行）, such as a mandatory lockdown of human activities for a specific duration every year, may restore the planetary environment, even if for the time being if nothing else, such temporary solutions will delay the tipping points of future environmental crises. The scientific community will need to lead from the front, in creating solutions and in steering the sociopolitical will required to carry out these solutions for a more _long-lasting process of environmental conservation. In the absence of such realization, the environment and biodiversity conservation may take an even further backseat in national and international agenda in the post-COVID-19 world.
41．The coronavirus disease pandemic threatens biodiversity conservation because_________.
A．the lockdown has resulted in pew births of species
B．people are busy hunting and mining during pandemic
C．the pandemic changes the ways of communication among species
D．People are in dilemma for protection of biodiversity during the lockdown
42．What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．obsess over B．spread through C．associate with D．wipe out
43．We can learn from the last paragraph that the author ________.
A．hopes to have long-lasting lockdown of human activities
B．is challenging the extreme solutions in biodiversity protection
C．has a concern about international agenda in the post-COVID-19 world
D．believes that temporary lockdown will slow the pace of environmental
44．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点） C: Conclusion
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】
41．D
42．B
43．A
44．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新冠封锁期间给生物多样性带来的积极影响，以及人类应该从该事件中得到的反思。
41．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Conservation development projects requiring a mandatory（强制的）human presence, such as inspection of protected areas, treatments of diseases of wild plants and animals, and destruction of invasive alien species, may take a backseat. Without protection and with added pressures produced by humans owing to the mass migration and unemployment in the biodiversity-rich developing world, the species and habitats of concern may he in danger of hunting, mining, logging, and diseases.（需要强制人类参与的保护发展项目，如对保护区的视察、野生动植物疾病的治疗以及对外来入侵物种的破坏，可能会退居二线。如果没有保护，再加上人类在生物多样性丰富的发展中世界的大规模迁移和失业所造成的额外压力，所关注的物种和栖息地可能面临被猎杀、采矿、伐木和疾病的危险）”可知，新冠大流行会威胁生物多样性是因为，在封锁期间一些需要强制人类参与的保护开发项目没人或者只有很少的人员参与。D项 “在封锁期间，人们在保护生物多样性方面面临困难”符合以上说法。故选D。
42．
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Studies before the lockdown have shown that noise pollution is not just an urban problem but also pervades more remote locations, including protected areas, where anthropogenic sound levels are often double the natural background noise levels. （封锁前的研究表明，噪音污染不仅是一个城市问题，而且还pervades到更偏远的地区，包括保护区，那里的人为噪音水平往往是自然背景噪音水平的两倍）”可知，噪音污染不仅存在于城市，而且偏远地区也是如此，即噪音污染蔓延到了偏远地区。由此可知，划线词意为“蔓延”，与spread through同义。故选B。
43．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The pandemic has shown us that seemingly extreme solutions and their implementation, such as a mandatory lockdown of human activities for a specific duration every year, may restore the planetary environment, even if for the time being if nothing else, such temporary solutions will delay the tipping points of future environmental crises. （这一流行病向我们表明，看似极端的解决办法及其实施可能会恢复地球环境，例如每年在特定时间强制限制人类活动，即使暂时没有其他办法，这种临时解决办法也会推迟未来环境危机的引爆点） ”可推知，作者希望实行长期特定时间段的封锁，以推迟环境危机的引爆点。故选A。
44．
推理判断题。通读全文，第一段提出本文的中心：新冠疫情封锁期间给生物多样性带来的积极和消极影响。第二段提出：需要人类强制参与的保护项目受到一定的消极影响；第三段提出：旅游业的减少促进物种的繁荣，即封锁带来的积极影响。第四段提出：封锁期间噪音的减少。最后一段进行总结：封锁期间环境发生迅速而明显的变化，有利于物种多样性。由此可知，本文的结构是：一个中心，三个要点，一个总结，即图C所表达的结构。故选C。
【点睛】
五、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Effects of a Warmer World Are Visible in Animals’ Bodies
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. 45． In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara
Ryding, a phd candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks, limbs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4 % and 10 % since 1871.
All that dovetails (吻合)nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions.46． For example, Fennec foxes, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms Ryding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their modern counterparts. She is not the first researcher to take that approach. 47． All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places.Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
48． Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of many species, from insects to fish. Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmann’s rule, holds that animals in hotter places tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio between surface area and volume. Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such as by seeking shelter at hot times of the day.
Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much of Ms Ryding’s data concern birds, with less information available for other taxa (类群). But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to.49．
A．And there are other ways to adapt, too.
B．The animals living in it will look different, too.
C．Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
D．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour.
E.But it is hard to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (结构上的) change.
F.Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go.
G.Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed excess heat.
【答案】
45．D
46．G
47．E
48．A
49．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了可以从动物的身体中看出来全球变暖的影响。
45．
上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响。)”说明人类要适应气候变化依靠的是科学技术，选项D “动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。上下文通顺合理。故选D项。
46．
上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附 属 物) than those in less hot regions. (‘艾伦法则’是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物。)”说明炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项G“这种适应性提高了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“For example, Fennec foxes, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.(原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸耳朵大得惊人，尤其是与它们的北极近亲相比。)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选G项。
47．
下文“All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes. (所有其他因素，从猎物的变化到雄性或雌性不断进化的生殖偏好，都可能推动了这种变化。)”说明所有其他因素也可能推动这些解剖变化，选项E“但是很难证明气候变化是解剖结构变化的原因。”说明只靠气候变化这一因素难以证明解剖结构变化。上下文通顺合理。故选E项。
48．
下文“Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of many species, from insects to fish. Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmann’s rule, holds that animals in hotter places tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio between surface area and volume. Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such as by seeking shelter at hot times of the day. (研究人员已经发现，从昆虫到鱼类，许多物种的地理范围都发生了变化。另一个进化的经验法则，伯格曼法则，认为在更热的地方的动物往往有更小的身体，这是另一种提高表面积和体积比率的方法。其他动物可能会改变它们的行为和它们的身体，比如通过在一天的炎热时间寻求庇护。)”讲述了另外的一些适应方式，选项A“还有其他的适应方式。”位于段首，概括说明本段介绍其他的适应方式。上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
49．
上文“But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. (但很显然，未来的世界不仅仅会比人类习惯的更热。)”说明在未来的世界里，人类要面对许多气候变化问题，选项B“生活在里面的动物看起来也会不一样。”承接上文，说明，对比人类，生活在未来世界的动物也会发生变化。故选B项。
六、阅读表达
阅读下面的两篇短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Story One
Once upon a time a psychology professor walked around on a stage while teaching stress management principles to an auditorium filled-with students.As she raised a glass of water, everyone expected they'd be asked the typical glass half empty or glass half full question. Instead, with a smile on her face, the professor asked "How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding?"
Students shouted out answers ranging from eight ounces to a couple pounds. She replied, "From my perspective, the absolute weight of this glass doesn't matter. It all depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute or two. it's fairly light. If I hold it for an hour straight, its weight might make my arm ache a little. If I hold it for a day straight, my arm will likely cramp up （抽筋） and feel completely numb and paralyzed, forcing me to drop the glass to the floor. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn't change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it feels to me."
As the class nodded their heads in agreement, she continued, “Your stresses and worries in life are very much like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to ache a little. Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb and paralyzed – incapable of doing anything else until you drop them."
Story Two
One day a bright student wishing to be successful put this question to Socrates(苏格拉底）.
“Teacher, I have studied many years with you and even though I have learned many things I still have not learned the secret to success or what it really takes to be successful. Please train me in this mystery.”
Socrates looked at his student with a thoughtful expression and after a long pause, he responded. “My son, the secret is within each one of us if we only truly want it. If you walk-with me, I will take you to the river of life and show you.”
They walked side by side in silence for a while and upon reaching the river Socrates spoke. “My son, bend down here by-the edge of the river and stare deeply at these flowing waters." As the student bent down beside the river Socrates took him by the neck and plunged his head into the water. After only a few seconds (that felt like eternity to the young man), he started struggling to get his head out of the water, gasping for a breath.
After a couple of minutes, suddenly some inner strength burst into the young man and he pushed himself out of the water and gulped in precious air. After a few deep breaths he composed himself and pondered what had just happened. Was his teacher mad at him? What other reason would he act so strange?
The student blurted out, "Why did you do that?!"
Socrates answered rhetorically, "While your head was underwater, what was the one thing you wanted more than anything in life?"
“To take a breath of air to be able to stay alive,” he said.
“It is just as I told you earlier, the secret to success is already inside all of us. When you desire success as much as you wanted that breath of air, you will be successful.”
50．What is the moral(寓意，教益）of the first story?
51．As teachers in these two stories, what approach do the psychology professor and Socrates share in common to inspire their students?
52．What is the moral of the second story?How do you understand it?
【答案】
50．It’s important to remember to let go of your stresses and worries. No matter what happens during the day, as early in the evening as you can, put all your burdens down. Don’t carry them through the night and into the next day with you. And you can go on with a light and happy mind.
51．Instead of preaching, they all choose some commom phenomena or something familiar in daily life to make students understand obvious yet very important lessons.
52．The secret to success is only in wanting and working for it. The more you want it, the harder you will have to work at it. It is not easy. However, the result is worth your effort and desire.
【分析】
这篇文章属于夹叙夹议。文章通过两个小故事讲述了两个简单却重要的人生哲理。
50．
考查细节理解。根据原文Story One部分第三段“Your stresses and worries in life are very much like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to ache a little. Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb and paralyzed – incapable of doing anything else until you drop them.”（压力就像是这杯水，端一会儿，没啥问题；再久一点儿，你开始感觉到疼痛；一整天都在想着它，你会感到完全麻木和瘫痪——啥也做不了，除非你放下它们。），可知这位老师想通过这个故事告诉学生们要放下心中的压力和焦虑，才能轻装上阵，抛开顾虑，勇敢前行。故答案为It’s important to remember to let go of your stresses and worries. No matter what happens during the day, as early in the evening as you can, put all your burdens down. Don’t carry them through the night and into the next day with you. And you can go on with a light and happy mind。
51．
考查细节理解。Story One中老师用了手握水杯的直观且常见的例子来教导学生要放下压力和焦虑，轻装前行的道理。Story Two中Socrates使用了把学生的头按
水里，让学生挣扎着呼吸空气的实例让学生明白：要像渴望空气一样渴望成功，那么你就会成功。两者都是通过生活中的例子来向学生传授知识和道理的。故答案为Instead of preaching, they both choose some common phenomena or something familiar in daily life to make students understand obvious yet very important lessons。
52．
考查细节理解。根据Story Two中最后一段“It is just as I told you earlier, the secret to success is already inside all of us. When you desire success as much as you wanted that breath of air, you will be successful.”（就像我之前告诉你的，成功的秘诀在我们自身。当你像渴望空气一样渴望成功，你就会成功。）Socrates使用了把学生的头按进水里，让学生挣扎着呼吸空气的实例让学生明白要想成功，就得渴望成功。故答案为The secret to success is only in wanting and working for it. The more you want it, the harder you will have to work at it. It is not easy. However, the result is worth your effort and desire。
七、邀请信
53．假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，请给你校的美国交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他参加近期在北京国家会议中心举行的一年一度的茶博会。邮件的内容包括：
1.时间，地点，内容（品茶叶，赏茶器等）；
2.说明你邀请他的原因；
注意：1.100字左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：茶博会 China Beijing Tea Expo；国家会议中心 National Conference Center
Dear Jim
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are interested in tea and tea art, I am writing to invite you to attend the annual China Beijing Tea Expo to be held in National Conference Center.
The Expo will start at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning, so I will wait for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate, and then we will go there by bus. There will be more kinds of tea on display than you can imagine. In addition, tea to be tasted is provided. As you know, tea ware is also part of tea culture. At China Beijing Tea Expo, we can see various tea vessels, which reflect the tea drinking culture of different dynasties. I believe you can learn more about Chinese tea culture through this Expo.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。要求考生给美国交换生Jim写信，邀请他参加近期在北京国家会议中心举行的一年一度的茶博会。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
对......感兴趣：show interest in→be interested in
开始：begin→start
在展出：on show→on display
各种各样：a variety of→various
2.句型拓展
合并简单句
原句：The Expo will start at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning, so I will wait for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate, and then we will go there by bus.
拓展句：The Expo will start at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning, so I will wait for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate, after which we will go there by bus.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Knowing that you are interested in tea and tea art, I am writing to invite you to attend the annual China Beijing Tea Expo to be held in National Conference Center.（句中运用现在分词作原因状语及that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] As you know, tea ware is also part of tea culture.（句中运用as引导非限定性定语从句）
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