初中英语人教新目标九年级Unit 1 -Unit 3重点语法解析

九年级英语重点语法解析Unit 1 1.介词by+v-ing: 通过……(方法、途径)做某事常用于回答:How do you…? 或 How can I…?e.g.She studies English by listening to English songs.她通过听英文歌来学习英语。2.What about/ How about…?后跟名词,代词或动词-ing形式。用于征求意见。e.g.What about a cup of tea?喝杯茶怎么样？ How about you?你呢？What/How about going to the zoo this afternoon?今天下午去动物园怎么样？ 3.aloud和loudly的区别：aloud出声地; 大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。e.g.Don't read aloud in the library.不要在图书馆大声朗读。loudly高声地; 喧闹地。可以和loud互换，含有“吵闹”的意思,不悦耳。e.g.Don’t talk loudly in public.不要在公众场合大声喧哗。4.too ...to ...“太……而不能……”，too后面接形容词或副词,to后面接动词原形。e.g:The room is too dirty to live in.房间太脏了，无法居住。It’s +adj.+ (for sb.) + to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是……的。e.g.It’s easy for her to answer the question.对她来说回答这个问题很简单。5.word by word 逐字地day by day 一天天地step by step 逐步地6.be patient to do sth.有耐心做某事e.g.These students are patient to queue at the bus stop.这些学生耐心地在公车站排着队。be patient with sb.对某人有耐心e.g.She’s very patient with young children.她对小孩子很有耐心。7.“the+比较级+..., the +比较级+ ...”表示“越……，就越……”。e.g.The warmer the weather is, the better I will feel.天气越暖和，我感觉越好。8.find it + adj.+ to do sth.(it形式宾语）发现做某事很……e.g.I found it interesting to talk with my grandfather.我发现跟我祖父说话很有趣。 9.so ...that“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。常见结构：①so+形容词/副词+that从句；②so+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词+that从句。e.g.My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is so clever a boy that everybody likes him.=He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他是如此聪明的男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。so that“以便，为了”（从句中常用can,could，would，may等），引导目的状语从句。e.g.I didn’t have lunch so that I would be hungry tonight.我不吃午饭，为的就是让自己今晚能感到饥饿。10.be afraid to do sth.害怕去做某事be afraid of sb./sth.害怕某人/某物be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事e.g.Jane is afraid of dogs.Jane怕狗。Mona is afraid to walk alone at night.=Mona is afraid of walking alone at night.Mona晚上害怕单独走路。11.look up 查找  接名词时，名词可放动词后，也可放副词后；接代词时，只能放在动词跟副词的中间。e.g.You can look up a new word/look a new word up in the dictionary.你可以用词典查生词。  If you don’t know the word, you can look it up in the dictionary.如果你不认识这个单词，你可以查字典。12.“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。e.g.Nick doesn’t know what to buy for his mother.尼克不知道为他的妈妈买什么。Can you tell me where to find this kind of bike?你能告诉我哪里可以找到这种自行车吗？【注意】what to do后不需要跟宾语how to do后必须跟宾语e.g.She doesn’t know what to do.她不知道要干什么。She doesn’t know how to do it.她不知怎么做（这件事）。13.make mistakes 犯错e.g.I often make mistakes in grammar.我经常犯语法错误。by mistake 错误地e.g.She took my umbrella by mistake.她错拿了我的雨伞。mistake sb./sth.for sb./sth.把某人/某物错当成某人/某物e.g.People often mistake me for my twin sister.人们经常把我错认成我双胞胎姐姐。14.be born with 天生具备。。。。。。be born with the ability to do sth.天生具备做某事的能力e.g.Everyone is born with the ability to learn.每个人生来都具备学习的能力。15.whether or not=whether “是否”，常出现在宾语从句、主语从句中。也可把whether和or not分开，or not放到句尾。e.g.I can’t tell whether or not the teacher likes me.=I can’t tell whether the teacher likes me or not.我不知道老师是否喜欢我。16.depend on/upon 依据；依赖;取决于depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事e.g.Don’t depend on your parents too much.不要过分依赖你的父母。I’m depending on you to get this done.我指望着你把这件事给办了。【注意】depend on / upon后也可接从句。e.g.Where to hold the party depends on how many people can come.派对在哪里举行取决于能有多少人来。17.have sth.in common(with sb./ sth.)(与某人、某物）有相同之处e.g.Their methods have a lot in common.他们的方法有很多相同之处。18.pay attention to doing sth.专心做某事e.g.You must pay attention to listening to your teacher in class.上课的时候你必须专心听老师讲。19.connect ...to / with / and ...把...和...连接或联系起来e.g.Please help me connect the printer with the computer.请帮我把打印机和电脑连接起来。20.practice doing sth.表示“练习做某事”。e.g.They're practicing singing the new song.他们在练习唱新歌。21.unless“如果不；除非”，引导条件状语从句，同if…not可以进行同义转换。e.g.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.=You will fail the exam if you don't study hard.      如果你不努力学习，你考试会不及格的。22.on one’s own=by oneself 独自，单独e.g.I always finish my homework on my own.=I always finish my homework by myself.我总是独自完成作业。 Unit 2 1.put on 增加（体重）；发胖                e.g.They’ve put on five pounds.他们体重增加了5磅。由put构成的其他短语：put up 张贴      put off 推迟put away  收好    put out 扑灭2.in＋一段时间，表示“多久以后／以内”,常与将来时连用，提问用“How soon”。e.g.He will arrive in Beijing in 3 days.他将在3天后到北京。A:How soon will you be back?你们将什么时候回来？B:We will be back in an hour.我们会在一个小时后回来。after+一段时间，常与过去时连用；after+时间点，可用于过去时，也可用于将来时。e.g.He arrived in Beijing after 3 days.（时间段）他三天后到达北京的。He will come back after three.（时间点）他三点后会回来。He came back after three.（时间点）他三点后回来的。3.I wonder... “我想知道……”, 后常接if引导的宾语从句,意为“是否”，表示委婉地请求或询问信息。e.g.I wonder if you can give me a hand.我想知道你是否可以帮我一下。4.if和whether二者都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否;是不是”。一般情况下两者可以互换使用。e.g.I wonder if/whether you will be free tomorrow.我想知道你明天是否有空。注意：当whether与or not连用时, whether不可换为if。e.g.I don’t know whether or not they can come to the party.我不知道他们是否能来参加聚会。if的双重身份：if“是否”,引导宾语从句,若表示将来,从句时态用一般将来时;if“如果”,引导条件状语从句,若表示将来，条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。e.g.I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.我不知道明天是否下雨。如果明天下雨,我将待在家里。5.be similar to 与……相似be similar in  在某方面相似e.g.His shoes are similar to Tim’s.他的鞋子跟Tim的相似。The two bikes are similar in color.两辆自行车的颜色相似。  6.现在完成进行时态，基本结构是“have/has+been+现在分词”，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词，并且其后通常带有since或for等引起的时间状语。e.g.I’ve been waiting for her for two hours.我已经等了她两个小时了。7.whoever 无论谁，不管什么人whatever 无论什么  whenever 无论何时wherever 无论在哪里however  无论怎样它们等同于“no matter+wh⁃”结构。e.g.Whoever he likes,I will support him.=No matter who he likes,I will support him.不管他喜欢谁，我都会支持他。8.lay out 铺开，摆开（lay的过去式laid）e.g.He laid the map out on the table.他将地图在桌子上铺开。lay也是lie的过去式。用作lie的过去式时，lay 意为“躺，卧；位于”。e.g.Tim was ill and lay in bed the whole day.Tim病了，整天躺在床上。Years ago,our village lay in the mountain.几年前，我们的村庄坐落在山上。9.admire … for ...因......钦佩/赞赏......e.g.I admire him for his excellent teaching.我钦佩他是因为他出色的教学。10.当主句使用过去时态，从句一般也用过去时态的某种形式。e.g.She said that she had finished her homework before going to bed.她说她在上床睡觉前就完成作业了。当从句表示的是名言、客观真理或自然现象等时，一般不受主句时态的限制，均用一般现在时。e.g.Dad told me that the sun rises in the east.爸爸告诉我太阳在东边升起。Teresa told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn.Teresa告诉她儿子叶子在秋天变黄。11.give sb.a treat 招待某人e.g.It's Mary's birthday and she wants to give us a treat.今天是玛丽的生日，她要请客招待我们。12.dress up 装扮dress up as…装扮成…dress up in…穿着……衣服e.g.It’s fun to dress up for a party.盛装参加聚会是很有趣的。She likes to dress up as a boy.她喜欢装扮成一个男孩。Children dress up in costumes at night on Halloween.在万圣节前夕晚上孩子们穿上盛装。13.warn sb.to do sth.告诫/提醒某人做某事warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要干某事warn sb.against doing sth.警告某人不要做某事warn sb.about/of sth.警告某人某事e.g.He warned me to read the instrucions.他提醒我看看说明书。The police warned us not to go out at night.警察警告我们晚上不要出去。They warned him against swimming in the lake.他们警告他不要在这湖里游泳。We warned him of the danger.我们警告过他有危险。14.end up with  以。。。。。。结束，后面常接名词end up doing sth.以做某事结束e.g.The film ended up with a song.这部电影以一首歌来结束。If no one helps him ,he may end up being a beggar.如果没有人帮助他，他最终可能会成为一个乞丐。15.used to do sth.过去常常be/get used to doing sth.习惯做……be used to do sth.=be used for doing sth.被用来做……e.g.I used to play football when I was a child.小时候我常踢足球。I am used to getting up early in the morning.我习惯于早上早起。Knives can be used to cut the fruit.刀子能被用来切水果。16.tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事expect sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事e.g.Our teachers often tell us to study hard.我们老师经常告诉我们要努力学习。I expected her to be a good teacher.我期待她成为个好老师。17.remind sb.of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人/某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事（动作尚未发生）remind sb.of doing sth.提醒某人已经做过某事（动作已经发生）e.g.This dictionary can remind me of my English teacher.这本字典让我想起我英语老师。He reminded me of my seeing the film.他提醒我说，我曾看过这部电影。18.punish sb.(for sth./for doing sth.) 因为……惩罚某人e.g.They punished Jack for being late.他们因为杰克迟到而惩罚了他。19.decide to do sth./make one’s decision to do sth.决定去做某事/下定决心做某事decide not to do sth.决定不去做某事e.g.He decided to go to Guangzhou to work.=He made his decision to go to Guangzhou to work.他决定去广州工作。He decided not to go there.他决定不去那儿了。20.promise to do sth.许诺做某事promise sb.to do sth.许诺/答应某人做某事e.g.My father promises to buy me a gift.爸爸许诺给我买礼物。He promises me to finish reading the book in three days.他承诺我三天内读完这本书。  Unit 3 1.excited作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人。exciting “激动人心的；令人兴奋的”作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物。e.g.We were all excited when we heard the news.当我们听到这个消息，我们都很兴奋。I have some very exciting news for you.我有一些令人激动的消息告诉你。类似用法的词有：interested（感兴趣的）/interesting（令人感兴趣的）      bored（无聊的）/boring（令人觉得无聊的）    tired（劳累的）/tiring（令人觉得累的）moved（感动的）/moving（令人感动的）    touched（感动的）/touching （令人感动的）    embarrassed（尴尬的）/embarrassing（令人觉得尴尬的）relaxed（放松的）/relaxing（令人放松的）     surprised（惊讶的）/surprising（令人惊讶的）    thrilled（非常兴奋的）/thrilling（令人很兴奋的）amazed（吃惊的）/amazing（令人吃惊的）    encouraged（受鼓励的）/encouraging（鼓舞人心的）  frightened（恐惧的）/frightening（令人恐惧的）2.try to do sth.设法做某事try doing sth.试着做某事e.g.That man tried to stand up, but he fell again.那个人试图站起来，但又倒下了。Try doing some exercise and you will become thin.试着做些运动，你会变瘦的。3.suggest doing sth./advise doing sth.建议做某事advise sb.to do sth.建议某人去做某事e.g.Amy suggests/advises solving the problem in a different way.Amy建议用一种不同的方式来解决问题。The doctor advised me to have a good rest.医生建议我好好休息。suggestion n.建议, 可数名词advice n.建议, 不可数名词e.g.Ben made some suggestions/advice at the meeting.4.be busy doing sth.  忙于做某事be busy with sth.忙于某事e.g.She was busy finishing her homework.她忙着完成她的作业。She was busy with her report.她忙着她的报告。4.问路的常用表达:1)Excuse me, can you tell me where the railwaystation is?  打扰一下，请问火车站在哪儿?2)Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to thetrain station? 劳驾，请问去火车站怎么走?3)Excuse me, could you tell me which is the wayto the nearest hospital?劳驾，请问去最近的医院怎么走?4)Excuse me, would you please show me the way to the post office?请告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗?5) Excuse me, would you mind telling me the way to the police station?劳驾，请告诉我去警察局怎么走好吗？6)Excuse me, how can I get to No.1 Middle School?     劳驾，请问去一中怎么走?7)Excuse me, is this the right way to the People’s Park?打扰了，请问去人民公园走这条路对吗?8) Excuse me.Could you tell me if there is a Qiaotou Middle School near here?打扰了，请问桥头中学是否在这附近？9) Excuse me.Do you know how I can get to Qiaotou Middle School?= Excuse me.Do you know how to get to Qiaotou Middle School?请问，你知道怎样去桥头中学吗?5.spend time/money (in) doing sth./on sth.花费时间/金钱做某事/在某事上e.g.My brother spent two hours (in) finishing his homework.我弟弟花了两个小时完成了他的家庭作业。He spent 500 yuan on the coat.他花了500元在外套上。拓展：sth.costs sb.+money 某物花费某人多少钱e.g.The pen cost me two yuan.这支笔花了我两元。pay +money for sth.为。。。。。。付钱e.g.He paid 300 yuan for the shoes.他那双鞋子付了300元。It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多长时间e.g.It took him two hours to get to the top of the mountain.他花了两小时到达山顶。6.It is + adj.(+ for + sb.) + to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有important, difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible等, 用来对to do sth.进行说明。e.g.It’s difficult for us to finish the work in an hour.7.communicate with 和……沟通；和……交流e.g.Parents often find it difficult to communicate with their children.父母经常发现很难和他们的孩子沟通。