高中英语Lesson 1 Masterpieces导学案及答案

这是一份高中英语Lesson 1 Masterpieces导学案及答案，共28页。

Part Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Masterpieces
学习目标
话题语境
艺术与杰作
课时词汇
figure, affect, spot, failure, scream, cause, scene, reaction
常用短语
lead sb. to do sth., let out, as for, have...in common (with)
重点句式
(1)“情态动词＋have done”表推测
(2)过去分词作定语
(3)It is＋adj.＋to do/that...


单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________vt. 影响
2．________n. (圆)点；斑点；污渍；地点，场所
3．________n. 失败
4．________n. 尖叫，尖叫声
vi. &vt. 高声喊出
5．________adj. 惊人的；显著的
6．________adj. 燃烧着的
7．________vt. 导致，引起；使发生
n. 原因；事业
8．________n. 景色
9．________adj. 视觉的，视力的
10．________n. 反应
11．________n. 杰作；代表作
12．________n. 人像，人形；数字
13．________adv. 精神上；心理上
14．________adj. 巨大的
15．________prep. &adv. 在……(正)下方
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．Two women came running out of the house, ________ (高声喊) for help.
2．He made his way through the crowd without panic, and went into the ________ (燃烧着的) building.
3．There're many ________ (原因) of shortness of breath and many of them are treatable.
4．This not only brings us the ________ (视觉的) enjoyment of beauty, but also purifies our soul by the beauty.
5．This produced a chain ________ (反应), which made it possible for life to develop.
6．You have to admit the models below are a real m________．
7．I hope that all my students are healthy both physically and m________.
8．Not only is the smart phone a________ our desire to interact (交流) face to face, but it is also lowering society's ability to communicate.
9．Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well­known sightseeing s________．
10．Please keep in mind that f________ is the mother of success.

►第一版块：重点单词
1.figure n. [C]身材；人影；人物；要人；图形；插图；数字(常用复数)　v．认为；相信；计算
(教材P8)a thin figure一个瘦弱身影
[合作探究]体会figure的用法和意义
I saw a figure in the darkness.我看到暗处有一个人影。
She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。
We must figure out how to solve the problem.
我们必须想出如何解决这个问题的办法。
He is a person we can often figure on to complete his jobs.
他是一个我们经常可以指望其完成工作的人。
[用法归纳]
a public/a political figure 一位公众/政治人物
historical figure 历史人物
a colourful character/figure 有趣的人物
keep/lose one's figure 保持/破坏身材
figure on 计划；指望
figure out 算出；弄清楚，弄明白
figure in 把……列入计算
have a good figure 身材好
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Have you figured ________ how much these books cost?
②It's important for the ________ (figure) to be updated (更新) regularly.
③Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding ________ (figure).
④To ________________________ (保持身材), she is on a diet recently.
⑤We ________________ (把……算了进去) the travel expenses but forgot the cost of meals.
⑥If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you ________ it ________ (弄明白).
图解助记：

2.affect vt.影响(＝have an effect on)；(感情上)深深打动，使悲伤(或怜悯等)；(疾病)侵袭，使感染
(教材P8)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。
[合作探究]体会affect的用法和意义
The noise from the street affected our work.街上的嘈杂声影响了我们的工作。
She was deeply affected by his bravery.她被他的勇敢深深地打动了。
Lily was affected with flu, when she was in touch with the patient.
莉莉和病人接触的时候被感染而感冒了。
[用法归纳]
(1)be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with a high fever 发高烧
be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动
(2)have an effect on... 对……产生影响
take effect 生效；奏效
come into effect 生效；实行
be of no effect 无效的；无用的
side effect 副作用
in effect 事实上
(3)affection n. 感情；喜爱；影响；感染
have a deep affection for sb. 非常喜爱某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①With the government's aid, those ________ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
②If one wants to stay healthy, he should exercise instead of taking medicine, which actually ________ (affect) people's health.
③Good books have had an effect ________ me since my childhood.
④The audience ________________________ (被深深打动) by his uplifting speech.
⑤The new law has ____________________ (生效); surely it will __________________ (对……有影响) the industry of the country.
词汇拓展：
(1)effect vt.使产生；使发生；引起
effect a cure产生疗效
effect a change引起变化
effect a sale实行大减价
(2)effective adj.有效的；实际的；产生深刻印象的
名师提醒：
affect通常用作动词，指影响，使产生变化或假装去感受某件事。
effect通常用作名词，指结果/后果，当用作动词时，指引起。
3.spot n．(圆)点；地点，场所；斑点　vt.(spotted, spotting)发现；注意到；看出
(教材P8)He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in TheStarryNight.他还服用过一种药物，可以让人看到黄色斑点，就像《星空》中的星星那样。
[合作探究]体会spot的用法和意义
Those spots help it hide in the jungle.那些斑点帮助它在丛林里藏身。
If you like them, you can buy them on the spot.如果你喜欢，就可以当场买下来。
I spotted him sleeping in the classroom.我发现他正在教室睡觉。
The night sky is spotted with twinkling stars.夜晚的天空繁星点点。
[用法归纳]
on the spot 当场，马上；在现场
dark spot 黑斑，暗点
spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事
spot that... 发现……
be spotted with 满是……斑点
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We will go to Mount Tai, one of the most famous tourist ________ (spot) in China.
②The travellers finally spotted smoke ________ (come) out of the houses in the distance, which made them very excited.
③When the man was trying to break into the bank, he was caught by the police ________ the spot.
④He ________________________ (被发现躺在) under the shade of a tree.
⑤The police were ________________________ (在现场) within a few minutes after the old man's phone call.
名师点拨：
spot用作动词时，其过去式、过去分词均为spotted。spotted也可作形容词，意为“有花点的，有斑点的”，如：a spotted dog(一条斑点狗)。

4.failure n．[C]失败的人或事；[U]衰竭；失败；故障
(教材P8)He also thought TheStarryNight was a failure.
他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品。
[合作探究]体会failure及其相关词的用法和意义
I do not want any excuse for failure, because I love basketball.
我不想为失败找任何借口，因为我热爱篮球。
Their long struggle ended in failure.他们的长期斗争以失败告终。
Hard as she tried, she failed to pass the exam.尽管她非常努力，但还是没有通过那次考试。
[用法归纳]
a power failure 停电；电力故障
fail v. 失败；不及格；(健康、视力、记忆力)衰退
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
fail in sth. 在某事中失败
failure in... ……的失败
end in failure 以失败告终
never fail to do sth. 一定会做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don't think the experiment is ________ failure, because it has provided us with valuable experience for future tests.
②The meeting was a complete ________ (fail).
③________________________________ (不要让任何失败) discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
④She ________________ (未能) recover her health.
⑤I don't think I'm a failure, ________________________________ (因为失败是成功之母).

词汇联想：
(1)success n. [u]成功[c]成功的人/事
Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
She is a success as a leader in the company but a failure as a mother.作为公司领导她是个成功者，但作为母亲她是个失败者。
(2)succeed in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面成功
He succeeded in the exam.他考试成功。
(3)succeed to sth.继承……
No woman could succeed to the throne.女人不能继承王位。
He succeeded to the house.他继承了这座房子。
There is nobody to succeed him.没有人继承他的职务。
(4)succeed sb. on sth.继承某人某物
Elizabeth Ⅰ succeeded Mary (on the throne).伊丽莎白一世继承了玛丽(的王位)。

名师点拨：
failure作“失败”讲时为抽象名词，是不可数名词；但作“失败的人或事”讲时，是可数名词，这种用法叫抽象名词具体化。
a failure一个失败的人或一件失败的事

5.scream n．尖叫，尖叫声　v．高声喊出
(教材P9)TheScream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893年创作的。
[用法归纳]
scream in terror 吓得尖叫一声
scream with laughter 尖声欢笑
scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫着
scream out her name 高声呼喊她的名字
scream for help 高声呼救
scream at him to go away 大声叫喊让他走开
a screaming baby 尖声哭叫的婴儿
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The boy was ________ (scream) with pain.
②People scream ________ fright, in anger, and in sudden pain.
③“I wish you were dead！” she ________ (scream).
④They ________________________ (尖声欢笑) at her jokes.

词汇拓展：
let out a scream发出尖叫声
let out a scream of pain
发出痛苦的尖叫声
let out a scream of laughter
发出一声大笑
let out a scream of excitement
发出一声激动的叫声
6.cause n．事业，理想；原因　vt.造成，导致
(教材P9)Many experts say that TheScream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
[用法归纳]
the great cause 伟大的事业
one's cause 某人的事业
cause and effect 因果(关系)
the cause of ……的原因
have (good) cause to do sth. 有(好)理由做某事
cause sb. to do sth. 导致/致使某人做某事
cause sb. sth. 给某人带来某事
a good cause 崇高的事业
the cause for... 做……的理由
a cause of... ……发生的原因
对……造成损害
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It rained heavily in the south, ________ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.
②Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers in the past years.
③The lack of eco­friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause ________ global climate change.
④The reason ________ his being absent was that he was ill.
⑤There is no excuse ________ smoking because you are on duty.
⑥In effect, loss of sleep can make you look tired, and even ________________________________ (使你增加体重).

⑦________________________ (因果关系) is one way to explain things that happen around us.
⑧In recent years, stress has been regarded as ________________________ (一个起因) a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
易混辨析：
cause, reason与excuse
(1)cause指某事发生的原因，常与of连用；
(2)reason解释做某事的原因，常与for连用；
(3)excuse指为自己辩解的借口性的理由，常与for连用。

7.scene n．景色；情景，场景，场面
(教材P9)Between 1953 and 1954, he painted the same scene 27 times.1953年至1954年间，同样的场景他画了27次。
[合作探究]体会scene的用法和意义
Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.
事故发生后不久记者就都赶到了现场。
He's an important person behind the scenes.他是一个重要的幕后人物。
The hall was full of fans before the famous star came on the scene.
在这个明星出场之前，大厅里挤满了他的粉丝。
[用法归纳]
appear/come on the scene 出场，登场
the funeral/wedding scene 葬礼/婚礼场景
scenes of everyday life 日常生活的情景
behind the scenes 不公开地，幕后地
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
[即学即练]　选词并用其适当形式填空(sight, scene, scenery, view)/完成句子
①As he reached the front door, Jack saw a strange ________．
②He photographed a wide range of street ________．
③The beautiful ________ in the mountain attracted all of us.
④One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high building is that you can get a good ________．
⑤Their ________________ (婚礼场景) was beautiful.
⑥I called the police and they were ____________________ (在现场) within minutes.

易混辨析：
scene, scenery, view与sight
(1)scene是scenery的一部分，多包括其中的人物及活动
(2)scenery指某一国家或地区总的自然景色
(3)view指从远处或高处看到的景色
(4)sight指旅游风光，包括城市景色或自然风光



8.reaction n．反应
(教材P9)TheEmpireofLight has produced different reactions in viewers.观众对《灯之王国》的反应不同。
[用法归纳]
(1)a reaction to 对……的反应
a chain reaction 连锁反应
a mixed reaction 各种不同反应
a quick reaction 快速反应
(2)react vi. (作出)反应，回应
react
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Most film directors can have a proper ________ (react) to public opinion on their films.
②Local residents have reacted angrily ________ the news.
③Children tend to react ________ their parents by going against their wishes.
④This case set off ________________________ (连锁反应) in the international money markets.
⑤How do you ________________ (对……作出反应) the paintings in the exhibition?
⑥He ________________ (反抗) his father's influence by becoming a professional football player.
名师点拨：
react to与react on/upon都含有“反应”的意思。但前者指的是“对……作出反应”，而后者指的是“对……有影响，对……起作用；对……起反应”。如：①How did your mother react to your news？你母亲对你的消息反应如何？②The patient did not react to the treatment.那位病人对治疗没有做出反应。③The eye reacts to light.眼睛会对光做出反应。④How do acids react on metals？酸对金属起怎样的化学反应？⑤The tax policy reacts upon commerce.税收政策对商业有影响。

►第二版块：重点短语
1.lead sb. to do sth.引导某人做某事
(教材P8)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。
[合作探究]
All roads lead to Rome.[谚语]条条大路通罗马。
The news leads me to believe that they will come.这消息使我相信他们会来的。
He decided to lead/live a new life after the unusual experience.
这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。
[用法归纳]
　　　

lead to 导致；通向
lead to failure 导致失败
lead to success 通向成功
lead sb. in doing sth. 带领某人做某事
lead/live a．..life 过一种……生活
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He will lead the students ________ (perform) the experiment.
②Failure often lies in laziness while hard work ________ (lead) to success.
③The discovery of new evidence led to the thief ________ (catch).
④It is sleeping late in the morning that ________________ (导致) him being late for work.
⑤All of the things that you want to do will ________________ (导致) the failure of our experiment.
名师点拨：
lead to中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
lead to being caught导致被抓
知识拓展：
(1)lead的过去式和过去分词都是led
(2)lead sb. by the nose牵着某人的鼻子
lead sb. by the hand牵着某人的手
(3)hit sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位＝hit sb.'s＋身体部位
如：①hit sb. on the head＝hit sb.'s head击中某人的头
②hit sb. in the face＝hit sb.'s face击中某人的脸
③hit sb. in the chest＝hit sb.'s chest击中某人胸膛

2.let out释放，放……出去；发出(叫喊等)；放宽，放大(衣服等)
(教材P9)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。
[合作探究]
I really don't know who let out the secret.我确实不知道谁泄露了这个秘密。
The baby can't even sit up yet, let alone walk！这个宝宝连坐起来都不会，更不用说走了！
I promised to do it and I can't let her down.我答应我会做的，我不能让她失望。
[用法归纳]
let out a scream/a secret 发出尖叫声/泄露秘密
let
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/写出下列句中let out的意思
①Jenny was careless to let ________ the secret.
②I had to work hard in order not to let my parents ________．
③Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we ________________ (发出) a shout of joy.
④There isn't enough room for us to live, ________________ (更不用说) any guests.
⑤Let the dog out, will you？____________
⑥The children let out a scream of terror.____________
⑦He asked his mother to let out his trousers.____________
易错比较：
let alone; let sb. alone
(1)let alone更不用说(通常用于否定句)
I can not support myself, let alone others.
我连自己都养活不了，更不用说别人了。
(2)let sb. alone别打扰某人
I'm very tired and need a rest. Let me alone.
我很累，需要休息一下。别管我了。

3.as for至于，关于；说起
(教材P9)As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising.马格利特本人认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。
[合作探究]
The hotel is comfortable enough, but as for/to the food, I'm not quite sure.
这家旅馆挺舒服的，但关于饮食我就不确定了。
This meat tastes as if/though it has already gone bad.
这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。
[用法归纳]
as for sb./sth.至于某人/某事……，谈到……(多放在句首；放在句中时，有转折之意，前面往往有but与之连用。)
as to sth.至于某事物；提到某事物；根据(放在句尾)
as regards至于；关于(多用于正式文体)
as far as sb. be concerned就……而言；根据……(放在句尾)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They said nothing as ________ their unpleasant quarrels over the trifles after they got on well again.
②Most people like summer, but as ________ me, I like winter much better.
③As ________ the report, we have no objection to it.
④They sorted the eggs as ________________ size and colour.
⑤As ________ the woman, she is a snob (势利小人).
⑥As ________ the decoration in their flat, they are delightful.

易混辨析：
as for, as regards, as to
(1)as for, as regards, as to都可用如as far as...concerned，表示“就……而论，至于，讲到，关于”，用以介绍新话题或对已谈过的事作进一步的说明，这样用时，三者含义没有什么区别；但as for在口语中似乎更常用、更习惯一些，as regards多用于正式语体，不用于非正式口语。
(2)as for通常用在句首，而用在句中，一般前面有转折的连词，而且前后要用逗号隔开。as to和as regards则可以用如about，放在句中，后接名词、代词、疑问句或名词性从句。
(3)as for用于口语时可以带感情色彩，表示说话人对其后宾语的赞许或轻视。
(4)as regards和as to均可表示“根据”的意思，相当于according to。
(5)as for在非正式口语中有时可以省去，但其语义仍然蕴含在句子中。

4.have...in common (with)(和)……有共同之处
(教材P10)Do they have anything in common？它们有任何共同点吗？
[用法归纳]
have a lot (much)/something/little/nothing in common with
与……有很多/有一些/几乎没有/没有相同之处
in common (with)　　　　　　　　　(与……)相同，一样
have something/nothing to do with 与……有关/无关
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①My views have much in common ________ hers.
②I have nothing ________ common with Jack.
③________________________ (与……一样) his brother, Tom likes playing basketball.
④I think my job ________________________________ (与……无关) you, so you'd better keep silent.

►第三版块：重点句式
1.“情态动词＋have done”表推测
(教材P8)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。
[用法归纳]
“情态动词＋have done”的用法：
(1)表示对过去发生事情的推测
(2)虚拟语气(本应……而没有……)

[即学即练]　用情态动词填空/完成句子
①Mr. Smith ________ have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
②It ________ have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
③You ________ have arrived there on time, but you were late again.
④There is nowhere to find them. Where ________ they ________________ (到哪里去了)?
⑤—What has happened to George?
—I don't know. He ________________________ (可能) lost.
⑥Tom, you are too lazy. The work ________________________ (本应该完成) yesterday.
⑦You ________________________ (本不需要买) so much wine—only five people came.
⑧She________________________________ (本可能计算出) the maths problem, if you had given her more time.
名师点拨：
(1)表推测时must只能用于肯定句中，而can常用于否定句和疑问句中，may/might常用于肯定句中。
(2)must表示推测时，后跟动词原形，只跟三个表示状态的动词，(be, know, have)，其他动词只能用be doing或have done形式与must构成推测结构。
He must be a teacher.他准是个教师。
You msut have a lot of knowledge.你准是有很多知识。
You must know him.你一定认识他。
Your new car must have cost around 20，000 dollars.
你的新车准是花了2万美元左右。
My mother must be working in the field.我妈妈准是在田野干活儿呢。

2.It is＋形容词＋
(教材P11)It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime.很难相信凡·高在有生之年仅仅卖了一幅画。
[用法归纳]
为了平衡句子结构，it常常作形式主语或形式宾语，后面的不定式或that从句作真正的主语或宾语，有些结构则必须用动名词。常见搭配：
It is＋adj./n.＋to do/that­clause...
It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事没有用处/好处/浪费时间
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range (范围) has been poorly studied.
②It is good for people ________ (go) for a walk after supper.
③It is nice ________ her to help the poor boy.
④It is clear ________ the chosen pattern is not the correct one.
⑤It is uncertain ________ he can attend this conference or not.
⑥I find it is not difficult ________________________________ (学好英语).
⑦It is hard ________________________________ (和……相处好) him.
⑧It's no use ________________________________ (做许多工作) without thoughtful planning.
相似句型辨析：
(1)It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.中的adj.跟sb.有关，这个adj.是用来形容sb.的，表示某人这么做真是太adj.了。
如：nice, kind, clever, friendly等。
(2)It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.中的adj.跟to do sth.有关，与sb.没有直接的关系，表示做某事对某人太……了。

3.过去分词作定语
(教材P9)It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night.画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里灯光明亮，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。
[用法归纳]
(1)及物动词的过去分词含有被动或动作完成的意义，被修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，如：the damaged cup＝the cup that is damaged。
(2)单个的过去分词一般作前置定语；过去分词短语则常放在名词后作后置定语。
(3)不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，只表示动作的完成状态。
(4)过去分词短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①They are cleaning the ________ (fall) leaves in the yard.
②All the ________ (damage) tools will be fully repaired.
③The book ________ (write) by Mo Yan is popular with us students.
④As a child, I lived in a yard ________ (surround) by tall trees.
⑤The exhibition ________ (hold) by the three young artists is a success.
⑥昨天举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting ________ yesterday is of great importance. (过去分词)
＝The meeting ________________________ yesterday is of great importance. (定语从句)
注意：现在分词作定语表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性或当时的状态。如：
Reed is a promising young man.里德是一个有前途的年轻人。(promissing形容词)
A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。(现在分词表进行)
China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。(现在分词表进行)
4.It seems like...似乎……，好像……
[用法归纳]
It seems to sb. that/as if...　　　　　　对某人来说似乎……
It＋seems/seemed＋strange/necessary/important/a pity＋that...
似乎……是奇怪的/有必要的/重要的/一个遗憾。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①自从我们在机场分别以后，好像过了很久。
________________ years since we separated at the airport.
②我觉得所有的东西都会消失在窗帘后面。
________________ all the things would disappear behind the curtains.
③一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这个世界上仅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly. ______________ they were the only people in the world.
④奇怪的是彬彬有礼的绅士竟然对那位老妇人如此无礼。
________________ the well­behaved gentleman should be so rude to that old lady.

知识发散：
It seems as if sb. does sth.＝Sb. seems as if to do sth.
e．g. It seems as if he knows nothing about it.
＝He seems as if to know nothing about it.
＝It seems that he knows nothing about it.
似乎他对此事一无所知。

5.if so如果这样的话，if引导省略条件句。
[用法归纳]
if so意为“如果是这样的话”(＝if it is/was so)，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义则用if not。
其他if条件状语从句的省略形式：
if any 如有的话
if ever 如有过/发生过的话
if necessary 如有必要
if possible 如有可能
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Would you like to join our school table tennis team? If ________， please email me as soon as possible.
②Do you agree that I put off our visit to Yunnan? If ________， write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.
③If ________， try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
④Do you have questions? If ________， turn to your teacher for help.
⑤I'll stay up all night, if ________， to get it finished.
知识发散：
if so＝if it is so
if any＝if there is any
if ever＝if there is ever
if necessary＝if it is necessary
if possible＝if it is possible
如：There are few, if any, mistakes in that book.那本书就是有错也不多。
There are seldom, if ever, mistakes in that book.那本书就是有错的话也很少。



MASTERPIECES①
TheStarry②Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally③ ill. 【1】 Van Gogh painted what he saw 【2】 from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. However, he didn't just paint the clouds. He also painted the massive④ circles⑤ of white and yellow racing⑥ across the sky 【3】．The stars and the moon hang⑦ bright in the night sky. Beneath⑧ this amazing sky, we see a sleeping 【4】 village and a dark, lonely tree.
【1】关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰先行词June 1889, when在从句中作时间状语。
【2】what he saw是宾语从句，作动词paint的宾语。
【3】现在分词短语racing across the sky作定语，修饰circles。
【4】sleeping是现在分词作定语，修饰village，表主动。
His unusual⑨ use of colour has led experts to⑩ think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected⑪ his sense of sight⑫ 【5】. He also took a drug⑬that can make people see yellow spots⑭ 【6】， just like the stars in TheStarryNight.
【5】that...sight是宾语从句，作动词think的宾语，that可以省略。
【6】that can make people see yellow spots是定语从句，修饰先行词drug，that在从句中作主语，不可省略。
Unfortunately⑮， Van Gogh's unique⑯ paintings weren't very popular⑰ and he only sold one painting in his lifetime⑱. He also thought TheStarryNight was a failure⑲. However, the fact remains⑳ that TheStarryNight is now one of the world's most famous paintings 【7】．
【7】the fact remains that...事实是……，在本句中，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容。为避免头重脚轻，that从句放到了谓语remains的后面。that在从句中不作成分，没有意义，但不可省略。
TheScream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893. What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear 【8】—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerfulscream. The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer. This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange­red sky.
【8】What makes it striking是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意思是“……的”；that it shows...在系动词is后面，是表语从句，that不可省略。
In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him 【9】. “I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set 【10】； suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking 【11】. Then I heard the scream of nature.”
【9】what inspired him是宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。what在从句中作主语。
【10】when the sun set是when引导的时间状语从句。
【11】shaking是现在分词作伴随状语，说明句子主语I的状况。
Many experts say that TheScream is connected to Munch's mental health problems 【12】， which caused him a lot of pain 【13】．
【12】that TheScream is connected to...在动词say后面作宾语，that可以省略。
【13】which caused him a lot of pain是定语从句，which指代先行词mental health problems，关系代词which在从句中作主语。
TheEmpireofLight is a series of paintings by Belgian artist Ren Magritte. Between 1953 and 1954, he painted the same scene 27 times. It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside 【14】， surrounded by the darkness of night 【15】. What is strange 【16】 is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds 【17】. It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
【14】lit by lights from inside是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰house, house与light之间是被动关系。
【15】surrounded by the darkness of night是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰house, house与surround之间是被动关系。
【16】What is strange是主语从句，what作从句的主语。
【17】that above...clouds是表语从句，that不可省略。
Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas 【18】. His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality 【19】. His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality 【20】．
【18】inspired by his thoughts and ideas是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a painter。
【19】as he tried to...是as引导的原因状语从句，as意思是“因为”。
【20】that art...reality在系动词was后面，是表语从句，从属连词that不可省略。
TheEmpireofLight has produced different reactions in viewers. Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling 【21】. Others, however, find them calming 【22】. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising. “I call this power poetry，” he said.
【21】that...troubling是宾语从句，作动词feel的宾语。
【22】find them calming是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词calming作宾补。
[词语积累]
①masterpiece/'mɑːstəpiːs/n.杰作；代表作
②starry/'stɑːri/adj.布满星星的
③mentally/'mentəli/adv.精神上；心理上
mental adj.精神上的，心理上的
④massive/mæsiv/adj.巨大的
mass n．大量，许多；堆　adj.大量的，大规模的
⑤circle n．圈　vt.圈出，环绕
⑥race v．快速移动
race across the sky穿越天空
⑦hang vi.悬挂(hung, hung)
⑧beneath/bɪ'niːθ/prep. &adv.在……(正)下方
⑨unusual adj.异常的，独特的，与众不同的
⑩lead sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事
⑪affect/ə'fekt/vt.影响
affection n．喜爱，感情；影响；感染
⑫sense of sight视力
⑬drug/drʌɡ/n.药物，药材
⑭spot/spɒt/n.(圆)点；斑点；污渍
⑮unfortunately adv.不幸地
⑯unique adj.独一无二的；独特的
⑰popular adj.受欢迎的，流行的
⑱lifetime n．－生，终生
⑲failure/'feɪljə/n.失败的事；失败
failure作“失败的人或事”讲时，是可数名词，是抽象名词具体化的用法
fail v．失败，不及格
⑳remain vi.仍然；保持；剩下
remaining adj.剩下的
scream/skriːm/n.尖叫，尖叫声；vi. &vt.高声喊出
striking/'straɪkɪŋ/adj.惊人的；显著的
figure n．人像，人形；数字
expression n．表情；表达
express vt.表达，表示
wide adv.充分地；广阔地
adj.宽的；张大的
powerful adj.强大的；强有力的
let out a scream发出尖叫声
cover vt.覆盖
directly adv.直接地
viewer/'vjuːə/n.观看者
view v．观看
set vt.安放，安置；设定
stormy adj.有暴风雨的；热烈的
against prep.以……为背景；以……为衬托
burning/'bɜːnɪŋ/adj.燃烧着的
inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；使产生灵感
inspired adj.受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的
set v．(太阳)落下
rise v．(太阳)升起
shaking adj.发抖的，颤抖的
shake vt.摇晃，摇动
expert n．专家 adj.熟练的，内行的
be connected to...与……连接；与……有联系
cause/kɔːz/ vt.导致，引起；使发生　n．原因；事业
cause sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事
empire/'empaɪə/n.帝国；大企业
a series of一系列
scene/siːn/n.景色
light vt.点燃；照亮(lit, lit)
(be) surrounded by被……包围/环绕
darkness n．黑暗
brightness n．明亮
mysterious/mɪ'stɪəriəs/adj.神秘的；难以解释的
mystery n．谜，神秘
thought n．想法
visual/'vɪʒuəl/adj.视觉的，视力的
view n．观点；视线；风景
shock vt.使震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
challenge vt.向……挑战
sense of reality真实感
reaction/ri'ækʃən/n.反应
react v．回应；发生反应
troubling adj.令人烦恼的；令人不安的
calming adj.让人感到平静的
as for关于，至于
surprising adj.令人惊讶的
surprised adj.感到惊讶的


杰作(masterpieces)
《星(starry)空》是文森特·凡·高(Vincent van Gogh)于1889年6月在一家精神(mentally)病院里创作的。凡·高画了他看到的窗外景象——有云、星星和月亮的夜空。然而，除了云之外，他还在天空中画了相互追逐的、巨大的(massive)白色和黄色光圈。星星和月亮在夜空中熠熠生辉。在这片神奇的夜空下(beneath)，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树。
凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，专家们认为精神疾病可能影响(affect)了他的视力。他还服用过一种药物(drug)，可以让人看到黄色斑点(spot)，就像《星空》中的星星那样。
不幸的是，凡·高独特的画作在当时并不是很受欢迎，他在有生之年只卖出了一幅画。他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品(failure)，而现在《星空》是世界上最著名的画作之一。
《呐喊(scream)》是爱德华·蒙克(Edvard Munch)于1893年创作的。这幅画富有冲击力(striking)，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声(let out a scream)。这个人捂住了自己的耳朵，直直地看向观众(viewer)。人物被设置在一座桥上，桥下是漆黑的、翻滚的海面，背景是燃烧的(burning)橙红色天空。
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，“太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起走在路上，天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着，然后听到了大自然的尖叫声。”
许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来(cause)巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
《灯之王国(empire)》是比利时画家勒内·马格利特(René Magritte)的一系列绘画作品。1953年至1954年间，同样的场景(scene)他画了27次。画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里灯光明亮，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。奇怪的是，在房子和树木之上，我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。这个场景看起来非常奇异(mysterious)。
马格利特的灵感来自个人思想和想法的启发。他尝试戏谑现实，他的画作是一个个视觉(visual)实验。他认为艺术应该震撼观众并挑战他们对现实的观感。
观众对《灯之王国》的反应(reaction)不同。有些人觉得这些画看起来很黑暗，令人不安。而有些人则觉得这些画让人感到平静。马格利特本人认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。他说：“我称之为诗意的力量。”


Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．像……一样 ________________
2．与……相连 ________________
3．一系列的 ________________
4．被……包围 ________________
5．受到……鼓舞 ________________
6．至于，关于 ________________
7．把……和……结合起来 ________________
8．……的圈 ________________
9．引导某人做某事 ________________
10．服用药物 ________________
11．带有恐惧的表情 ________________
12．发出尖叫声 ________________
Ⅱ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子
1．蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．很多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
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3．画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里充满了灯光，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。
________________________________________________________________________
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4．奇怪的是，在房子和树木之上，我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．他认为艺术应该震撼观众并挑战他们对现实的观感。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．凡·高画了他看到的窗外景象……
________________________________________________________________________
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7．在这片神奇的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树。
________________________________________________________________________
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8．这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影……
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．人物被设置在一座桥上，桥下是漆黑的、波涛汹涌的大海，背景是燃烧的橙红色天空。
________________________________________________________________________
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Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题
1．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)When it comes to famous ________ (figure) in Chinese history, I admire Zhang Qian very much.
(2)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it ________．
(3)Computer science, technology and physics just did not figure ________ my teenage world view.
(4)定期更新数据是很重要的。
It's important ________________ to be updated regularly.
(5)她吃这么多，是怎样保持身材的？
How does she manage to ________________ when she eats so much?
2．完成句子
(1)显而易见，盲目接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的判断。
Apparently, blindly following others' advice ______________ our own judgment.
(2)在政府的帮助下，受地震影响的人们已经搬到了新的定居点。
With the government's aid, those ________________ have moved to the new settlements.
(3)他一旦下定决心，任何事情都不会影响他的决定。
Once he has made up his mind, nothing can ______________．
(4)她去世的消息使我们都深感悲痛。
We were all ________________ the news of her death.
(5)这些规定是在上个月的事故发生几天后开始生效的。
The regulations ________________ days after last month's incident.
3．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Mary spotted the thief ________ (run) away from the entrance to the building.
(2)In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper ________ (当场).
(3)He was dressed in a coat, which ________________ (点缀着) stars.
4．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)All my efforts ended in ________ (fail).
(2)The businessman has achieved great success in his career, but as a father, he is a ________．
(3)Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in other words, you ________．
(4)I would be failing ________ duty if I didn't warn you of the consequences of your actions.
(5)她的问题未能得到任何一个学生的回应。
Her question ________________ get a response from any of the students.
(6)如果你一定要找借口而不是去工作，人们会注意到的。
If you ________________ have an excuse instead of working, people will notice.
5．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)I was attracted by the ________ (strike) idea.
(2)I personally find this one of ________ (strike) findings in the report.
(3)你注意到这两种解释的明显差别了吗？
Did you notice ________________ between the two explanations?
(4)我们就快完成该辞典了。
We are ________________ of completing the dictionary.
6．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)The firemen were puzzled about the cause ________ the fire.
(2)I have got no cause ________ complaint—I'm doing all right.
(3)我希望变化没有给你带来太多的麻烦。
I hope the change will not ________________ too much trouble.
(4)房价要下跌的消息使许多人以较低的价格出售他们的房子。
The news that house prices will fall has ________________ sell their houses at lower prices.
(5)众所周知，吸烟有害健康，我们最好戒烟。
As we all know, smoking can ________________ our health; we'd better give it up.
(6)那位老教师因其对教育事业的献身精神而受到钦佩。
The old teacher was admired for his devotion to ________________．
7．完成句子/选词填空(scene/scenes/scenery)
(1)在这次车祸中，九人当场死亡，另有一人死于医院。
Nine people died ________________ and one more person died in hospital in the car crash.
(2)我确实觉得该奖项应给予那些幕后工作人员。
I do feel this award should go to those who work ________________．
(3)那位著名的电影明星到场时，晚会很热闹。
The party was active when that famous movie star ________________．
(4)To tell you the truth, I am deeply impressed by the beautiful ________ of Jiuzhaigou.
(5)On receiving the call, the police rushed to the ________ where a traffic accident happened.
(6)We will never forget those happy ________ of studying and living together with you, which will benefit us a lot in the future.
8．单句语法填空
(1)He made no ________ (react) to my joke.
(2)In motor racing the drivers need to have very quick ________ (react).
(3)Children tend to react ________ their parents by going against their wishes.
(4)I would appreciate it if you can tell me how the audience reacted ________ my lecture.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)
1．[2017·北京卷]Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well­known sightseeing ________ (spot).
2．[2018·全国Ⅲ卷]Unexpectedly, I'm face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins ________ (scream) at the top of her lungs.
3．[2018·全国Ⅲ卷]________ is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in national middle school volleyball matches.
4．[2018·北京卷]After spotting a wallet on the front seat inside a ________ (park) car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the owner to return.
5．[福建卷]—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You ________ have made full preparations.
6．[2017·天津卷]According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have ________ common?
7．[2017·江苏卷]Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, ________ (lead) to a slower growth.
8．[2016·北京卷]As ________ the working environment, Tanis prefers working by herself.
9．[2016·浙江卷]I made friends with the natives, and their ________ (react) amazed me.
10．[四川卷]．..Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let ________ in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
11．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]“I ________ (figure) whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers.
12．[2019·天津卷]These actions have greatly ________ (affect) the ecological (生态的) balance.
13．[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer ________？
14．[2017·全国Ⅲ卷]I had grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years.
15．[2016·江苏卷]While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of ________ (fail).
Ⅴ.短文语法填空
Van Gogh painted 1.________ he saw from his window. But experts thought his mental illness may have 2.________ (affect) his sense of sight. He thought it was a 3.________ (fail). 4.________， the fact remains that it was one of the world's most famous paintings.
Edvard Munch painted a thin figure 5.________ an expression of fear, 6.________ is set on a bridge and against a burning orange­red sky, which makes it 7.________ (strike). Many experts say it is connected to his mental health problems.
Rene Magritte painted 8.________ same scene 27 times. His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with 9.________ (real). It has produced different 10.________ (react) in viewers.
Ⅵ.微型作文
从下列所给的单词、短语、句型中选择至少5个，写出一个表达完整的小段落。选用的词语需要加下划线。
masterpiece, figure, failure, affect, spot, cause, as for, lead...to..., some...others
________________________________________________________________________
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Part Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Masterpieces
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．affect　2.spot　3.failure　4.scream　5.striking　6.burning　7.cause　8.scene　9.visual　10.reaction　11.masterpiece　12.figure　13.mentally　14.massive　15.beneath
Ⅱ.
1．screaming　2.burning　3.causes　4.visual　5.reaction　6.masterpiece　7.mentally　8.affecting　9.spots　10.failure
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词
1．①out　②figures　③figures　④keep her figure　⑤figured in
⑥figure　out
2．①affected　②affects　③on　④were deeply affected　⑤come into effect　have an effect on
3．①spots　②coming　③on　④was spotted/seen lying　⑤on the spot/scene
4．①a　②failure　③Do not let any failures　④failed to　⑤for failure is the mother of success
5．①screaming　②in　③screamed　④screamed with laughter
6．①causing　②has caused　③of　④for　⑤for　⑥cause you to gain weight　⑦Cause and effect　⑧a cause of
7．①sight　②scenes　③scenery　④view　⑤wedding scene　⑥on the scene
8．①reaction　②to　③against　④a chain reaction　⑤react to
⑥reacted against
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①to perform　②leads　③being caught　④leads to　⑤lead to
2．①out　②down　③let out　④let alone　⑤释放，放……出去　⑥发出(叫喊等)　⑦放宽，放大(衣服等)
3．①to　②for　③for/regards/to　④regards/to　⑤for　⑥for
4．①with　②in　③In common with　④has nothing to do with
►第三版块：重点句式
1．①can't　②must　③should　④can　have gone　⑤may have got
⑥should have been finished　⑦needn't have bought　⑧might have figured out
2．①It　②to go　③of　④that　⑤whether　⑥to learn English well
⑦to get along well with　⑧doing a lot of work
3．①fallen　②damaged　③written　④surrounded　⑤held　⑥held　which was held
4．①It seems like　②It seemed to me that　③It seemed as if
④It seems strange that
5．①so　②not　③possible　④any　⑤necessary
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．as...as...　2.be connected to...　3.a series of...　4.be surrounded by...　5.be inspired by...　6.as for　7.combine...with...　8.circles of　9.lead sb. to do sth.　10.take a drug　11.with an expression of fear　12.let out a scream
Ⅱ.
1．In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him.
2．Many experts say that TheScream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.
3．It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night.
4．What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
5．His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
6．Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window...
7．Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.
8．What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear...
9．This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange­red sky.
Ⅲ.
1．(1)figures　(2)out　(3)in　(4)for the figures　(5)keep her figure
2．(1)will affect/have an effect on　(2)affected by the earthquake　(3)affect his decision　(4)deeply affected by　(5)came into effect
3．(1)running　(2)on the spot　(3)was spotted with
4．(1)failure　(2)failure　(3)failed　(4)in　(5)failed to　(6)never fail to
5．(1)striking　(2)the most striking　(3)the striking contrast　(4)within striking distance
6．(1)of　(2)for　(3)cause you　(4)caused many people to　(5)cause damage to　(6)the education cause
7．(1)on the scene　(2)behind the scenes　(3)came on the scene　(4)scenery　(5)scene　(6)scenes
8．(1)reaction　(2)reactions　(3)against　(4)to
Ⅳ.
1．答案与解析：spots　spot意为“地点”。句意：此外，沿河的景色令人惊叹，有许多著名的观光景点。
2．答案与解析：screaming　begin doing sth.开始做某事。句意：出乎意料的是，我和大猩猩面对面了，它开始大声尖叫。
3．答案与解析：It　it作形式主语。句意：值得一提的是，我们的排球队在全国中学生排球比赛中两次夺得冠军。
4．答案与解析：parked　过去分词作定语。句意：在发现一辆停着的车窗降下的汽车前排座位上有一个钱包后，他在雨中守护了大约两个小时，等待车主回来。
5．答案与解析：should　情态动词＋have done表虚拟。句意：“对不起，妈妈！我的工作面试又失败了。”“哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做充分的准备。”
6．答案与解析：in　in common共同。句意：根据最后一段，爱丽丝和她父亲有什么共同点？
7．答案与解析：leading　现在分词短语作状语。句意：结果，一些观众开始远离电影院，导致增长缓慢。
8．答案与解析：for　as for至于。句意：至于工作环境，塔尼斯更喜欢独自工作。
9．答案与解析：reaction　reaction意为“反应”。句意：我和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让我吃惊。
10．答案与解析：out　let out“发出”。句意：……瑞安教授发现，在嫉妒等消极的社会交往中，荷尔蒙也会在我们体内释放出来。
11．答案与解析：figured　figure意为“认为”。句意：埃勒斯说：“我认为不管是谁弄丢了这条狗，它和主人的亲密程度很可能如同我的狗和我的亲密程度。”
12．答案与解析：affected　affect意为“影响”。句意：这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
13．答案与解析：to　refer to“涉及；提到”。句意：第二段中加下划线的词“磕绊”是指什么？
14．答案与解析：mentally　空格处与physically并列，两个副词修饰动词had grown。句意：在过去的几年里，我不仅在身体上成长，而且在精神上也成长了。
15．答案与解析：failure　failure意为“失败”。句意：有些人的动机是为了成功，而另一些人的动机是害怕失败。
Ⅴ.
1．what　2.affected　3.failure　4.However　5.with　6.which
7．striking　8.the　9.reality　10.reactions
Ⅵ.
As we all know, Mark Twain is one of the most famous figures in the field of literature. As__for his works, we students maybe can't name a lot. However, his masterpiece—AdventuresofTomSawyer is popular with us students. The book hero Tom was a clever boy, who was also very naughty. As a student, he may be a failure,__but Tom's wisdom made a deep impression on readers. Tom and his followers lived a colourful life. Whenever I read the book, it will lead me to recall my childhood. After all, the childhood is like a jar of honey. The more we have, the sweeter it tastes.