英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land优秀单元测试课后作业题
展开人教版英语选择性必修第一册第五章测试
英语
姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、阅读理解
One August afternoon. Richard Allen dropped off his last passenger, Mrs. Carey. Lifting two grocery bags, he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house. Glancing up, he saw a large wasp(黄蜂) nest under the roof. Allen had heard that wasps can become more likely to sting in summer. He mentioned this to Mrs. Carey, who had opened the door.
“Oh, they don’t bother me,” she said lightly, “I go in and out all the time.”
Anxiously, Allen looked at the nest again-to see the wasps flying straight at him. “Hurry!” he shouted to Mrs. Carey. “Get in!”
She stepped quickly inside, Allen ran for his mini-bus. Too late: they were upon him. Just as he jumped aboard, half a dozen red spots showed on his arm, and he felt more on his back and shoulders.
As he was driving down the road, Allen felt as if something was burning at the back of his neck, and the “fire” was spreading forward toward his face. An immediate anxiety took hold of him. Allen knew that stings could cause some persons to die. But he had been stung the previous summer and the after-effects soon passed. However, what he didn’t know was that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion.
Miles from the nearest medical assistance, Allen began to feel his tongue thick and heavy and his heartbeat louder. Most frightening, he felt his breathing more and more difficult. He reached for the radio mike(话筒), trying to call the mini-bus center, but his words were hardly understandable. Signals were also poor that far out. He knew a rescue team was on 24-hour duty at the Amherst Fire Department’s north station. So his best chance was to make a run for it.
Rushing down the mountain, Allen tried not to panic, focusing his mind on each sharp turn. He was almost through the last of them when he felt sure he was going into shock(休克). Just then he reached for the radio mike again.
“Call fire station.” He shouted, concentrating to form the words. “Emergency. Bee sting. Emergency. There in ten minutes.”
“Five-ten,” the center replied.
Hold on, Allen thought: Keep your eyes open. Breathe. Keep awake.
At last he reached the station. Two firemen ran out, Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground. “You made it,” he thought.
1.It is mentioned in the passage that wasps are more likely to attack when________.
A.there are huge noises B.strangers are approaching
C.the air is filled with food smell D.the hottest season comes around
2.Allen didn’t know that if stung by wasps again, he would________.
A.have no after-effects B.suffer more
C.surely lose his life D.become more sensitive
3.Allen failed at his first attempt to send his message to the mini-bus center because________.
A.he was unable to speak clearly B.his radio equipment was poor
C.he was in a state of shock D.no one was on duty
4.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A.Allen, A Helpless Driver B.Wasps, Bloody Killers
C.A Race Against Death D.War Against Wasps
When you praise a dog, it’s listening to not just the words you say but also how you say them. That might not be huge news to dog owners. But now researchers have explored this phenomenon by using an imaging machine to look inside the brains of 13 dogs as they listened to their owners’ voice.
The reward pathway in the dogs’ brains lit up when they heard both praising words and an approving intonation(语调)—but not when they heard random words spoken in a praising tone or praising words spoken in a flat tone, according to the researchers.
“Dogs process both what we say and how we say it in a way which is amazingly similar to how humans do it,” says Attila Andics, a neuroscientist in Hungary. When dogs hear speech, he explains, they seem to separate the meaning of words from the intonation. Then the left hemisphere(半球) of the brain processes meaning, while intonation is analyzed in the right hemisphere.
All the dogs in the study were willing volunteers and were trained not to move in the scanner(扫描器). The dogs could get up and leave the machine whenever they wanted. But it was clear to the dogs that their human companions loved it when they did this very easy task. “They were really happy to participate,” says Andies. “The difficult aspect of the training was convincing the dogs that ‘motionless’ means really motionless. They can’t move more than 3 millimeters in any direction, otherwise we will have to throw out all of the data.”
He says most dog owners have experimented with trying to “trick” their dogs by saying nonsense words in a cheerful, happy tone of voice. “I think the big difference here is that they only heard us, and they didn’t see us,” says Andies, because the dogs were inside the machine. “Here, the only information they had was the speech signal. What we saw is that for praise to be processed as a reward, when there is no other supporting information, both word meaning and intonation have to fit.”
5.What is regarded as a reward by dogs according to the study?
A.Praising words in a flat tone. B.Random words in a flat tone.
C.Praising words in a praising tone. D.Random words in a praising tone.
6.How do dogs process what they hear?
A.Tend to focus more on the meaning.
B.Observe the speaker’s expressions first.
C.Process the speech in the same hemisphere.
D.Analyze the meaning and the tone respectively.
7.What is a hard part of the training in Andics’ opinion?
A.Looking into the dogs’ brain activity.
B.Training dogs to stay still in the machine.
C.Keeping dogs separated from their owners.
D.Asking dogs to get up and leave the scanner.
8.What is the best title for the text?
A.Dogs Understand Tone and Meaning of Words
B.Dogs Indeed Know What Praise Means
C.Dogs Can Read Man’s Moods
D.Dogs Can Recognize Owners’ Voices
Gymnastics Instructor Wanted
About us
PCYC (Police Citizens Youth Club) Queensland is a not-for-profit organization established in 1948, aiming to build safer and healthier communities. We focus on young people’s personal and leadership development by offering state-wide programs, services and facilities through 54 branches, two leadership development centers and two activity centers.
About the position
PCYC Burdekin currently wants gymnastics instructors, who will assist in the development and delivery of the gymnastics programs to PCYC clients.
•Casual work (approximately 20 30 hours per week)
•$28.38-$31.80 per hour (depending on previous experience and qualification—junior rate may apply)
•To be employed, you must be qualified to get a Working with Children Check or Blue Card and be willing to undertake a National Police Check.
•Applicants with intermediate accreditation (认证) from Gymnastics Queensland will be considered with priority.
What we can offer
•Free onsite parking and free access to PC 24/7 gyms
•Flexible work environment and working hours
•Opportunity to work in an established branch with a great team
Key responsibilities include
•Deliver a broad range of fun group gymnastics programs for all ages, in accordance with safety and industry-approved practice requirements.
•Contribute towards creative marketing and promotion of the gymnastics programs to maintain current participants and attract new participants.
•Ensure our gymnastics equipment is maintained and used in a safe manner.
•Instruct and assist the work of junior coaching staff.
Deadline
Applications close on 8 September, 2022. Interested? Click here to apply.
9.What is PCYC Queensland’s goal?
A.To provide the youth with advice on personal emotions.
B.To make a fortune through state-wide programs.
C.To build more branches outside Queensland.
D.To improve community security and health.
10.How much can a gymnastics instructor in PCYC Burdekin earn in a week?
A.$100-$300. B.$330-$530. C.$560-$960. D.$990-$1390.
11.What should you do to increase your chance of being employed by PCYC Burdekin?
A.Express the desire to work for National Police Agency.
B.Show the intermediate gymnastics qualification.
C.Present the experiences in dealing with children.
D.Explain the urgent need for a full-time job.
12.If hired, a gymnastics instructor will be responsible for_________.
A.seeking junior coaches to build a team
B.seleoting suitable equipment for teenagers
C.helping advertise the gymnastics programs
D.designing new gymnastics programs independently
13.Where does this text probably come from?
A.A Queensland’s local paper. B.A job-hunting mobile app.
C.A popular science website. D.A notice-board in a gym.
二、七选五
Art is all around us. It can be found everywhere, including fancy galleries, people’s living rooms, and on the sides of buildings. So, why is art important?
It promotes expression and creativity. As humans, we’re naturally drawn to art as a form of expression and communication. ____14____ It’s a way for them to express themselves before they’re able to speak. In fact, participation in the arts may even assist kids with language, motor skills, and visual learning development.
____15____. When someone applies for a job, there are certain skills they need to have like data analysis or bookkeeping. However, many employers also understand the very important need for the skills which are hard to measure and often difficult to define. Some examples include a person’s ability to adapt to change, think creatively, or collaborate with team members.
It provides historical context. ___16___. This is why people dedicate their lives to studying cave art, Shakespearean plays, and so much more. When we take the time to dive into art created in the past, we can learn about other generations and eras. We can study art to find out what those before us were facing and how they overcame it. ___17___.
In therapy (疗法) settings, art also provides an opportunity for digging deeper and expressing emotions that are difficult to discuss. ___18___. In one important study, children between 6 and 12 were asked to draw a house as a distraction after thinking about something upsetting. This group was able to improve their mood when compared with children who were instructed to draw the negative event or simply copy another drawing.
A.These are its major benefits.
B.Children love to draw, sing, and dance.
C.Art and human history go hand-in-hand
D.How does it have an impact on our life?
E.It helps all of us develop necessary soft skills.
F.It can help people handle both their past and present problems.
G.Similarly, future generations will learn about our current events by the art we leave behind.
三、完形填空
Maria used to think she didn’t have the chance to get promoted in her company for her unluckiness---she had lost her ___19___ in a car accident.
One day she was surfing the Internet and her eyes fell on a website about a course on___20___skills. She thought she was a physically unlucky person and didn’t have the___21___to be a leader. But then she became shocked at the new___22___of leadership shown in front of her. Maria read, " Leadership isn’t about commanding: it is about following your heart. And anyone can___23___this, anyone. "She was so___24___by the quote that she started taking the course. After___25___ more, she realized leadership lies in one’s heart but not the body part. Only she could___26___herself. She started feeling___27___from inside .
Later,coworkers started to___28___the changes of Maria. Maria didn’t feel inferior (自卑的) any longer. She___29___felt she was important. She really made a difference. Gradually her calm mind___30___ her boss’s attention. He___31___that she would become a good leader so he promoted her.
Maria believes that a leader should be___32___no matter what happens. So she is always with her team especially while facing __33__. Though Maria only has one leg, she later became the manager of the company.
19.A.leg B.hand C.arm D.foot
20.A.business B.computer C.leadership D.reading
21.A.idea B.ability C.reason D.way
22.A.plan B.choice C.explanation D.fact
23.A.find B.think C.recognize D.do
24.A.upset B.moved C.hurt D.encouraged
25.A.learning B.writing C.trying D.remembering
26.A.persuade B.help C.teach D.protect
27.A.powerful B.safe C.relaxed D.easy
28.A.mind B.show C.follow D.notice
29.A.only B.ever C.even D.still
30.A.requested B.got C.accepted D.expected
31.A.realized B.preferred C.understood D.hoped
32.A.proud B.clever C.honest D.active
33.A.unfairness B.disagreements C.difficulties D.refusal
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Human memory is notoriously (众所周知地) unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial recognition skills can only remember so much.
It’s tough to quantify how good a person is _____34_____ remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands – based on the number of acquaintances a person _____35_____ have.
Machines aren’t limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees – then recognize a face it _____36_____ (tell) to find – with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is ____37____ supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It is also what makes contemporary surveillance (监控) systems so scary.
The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. ____38____ (figure) out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces – they call it MegaFace – and _____39_____ (test) a variety of facial-recognition algorithms(算法) as they scales up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 7,000 different people – and not just a large database ____40____ (feature) a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what’s been used in other research.
As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms ____41____ were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when ____42____ (face) with 1 million images. That’s still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. “Much better than we expected,” she said,
Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike –either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble ____43____ (identify) as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.
五、根据首字母填写单词
44.The average daily c________ of fruit and vegetables is around 200grams. (根据首字母单词拼写)
45.You would be well advised to t ________ this problem urgently. (根据首字母单词拼写)
46.When asked to retell the whole text, he forgot it e ________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
47.I have complete respect for her and admire her determination ________(克服) such a great personl loss. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48.The couple moved outside her field of_________(视野) in the end.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49.You can __________ (倚, 靠) the wet umbrellas on the shelf. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
50.Hawking also revealed his v______(想象)of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. (根据中英文提示填空)
51.It is e________(极其重要的,必不可少的) that you have some experience. (根据中英文提示填空)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
52._____________________________(我们将如何去那里)is a question. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53.In some ways, the efforts of environmental protection are_________(远远不够). (根据中文提示完成句子)
54.I ___________ (致力于)this cause for many years. (根据中文提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
55.To prevent these harmful habits from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(升级为it作形式主语的句子)
→________to prevent these harmful habits from dominating a teenager’s life.
56.我坚信每个人都会得到意想不到的快乐。
(1)I believe every one is sure to receive an unexpected joy.
(2)(同位语从句)________
十、汉译英(整句)
57.尽管有网红受邀为这款产品站台,消费者仍需考虑价格、质量等诸多因素。(account)(汉译英)
58.他的文章涉及许多我们非常关心的问题。(deal with)(汉译英)
59.这就是我日复一日战胜我自己的畏惧的主要方法。(day in and day out)(汉译英)
十一、汉译英(单词/短语)
汉译英
60.________n.专家;行家;能手→adj. 内行的,专家的;熟练的,老练的,经验(或知识)丰富的
61.________n.树枝;分支;分行;分部;支流;支路→v. 分开,分岔
62.________n.租金→v. 出租;租用,租借
63.________n.味,味道→v.给……调味,加味于;给……增添风趣
十二、完成句子
64.Most_________areas are close to a park.
绝大多数城区附近都有公园。
65.Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table ________________
因此, 要找到一个合适的解决方案, 在保持人和环境尽可能健康的同时, 把足够的食物放在餐桌上, 还有很长的路要走。
参考答案:
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了客车司机艾伦不幸被黄蜂第二次蛰叮之后,遇到了严重的生命危险,努力自救,与时间赛跑,并最终幸存的故事。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Allen had heard that wasps can become more likely to sting in summer. (艾伦听说黄蜂可能在夏天的时候更有攻击性)”可知,黄蜂在酷夏之时,更有可能攻击人类。故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第五段“Allen knew that stings could cause some persons to die. (艾伦知道被黄蜂蛰了可能会导致一些人死亡)”和“However, what he didn’t know was that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion. (然而,他不知道第一次叮咬已经让他的身体变成一个定时炸弹,只要再次被叮咬就会爆炸)”可知,艾伦不知道如果第二次被黄蜂叮咬之后就会有生命危险。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第六段“He reached for the radio mike(话筒), trying to call the mini-bus center, but his words were hardly understandable. (他用力去够话筒,想要呼叫迷你公交车中心,但是他很难表述清楚意思)”可知,由于被黄蜂蛰了之后,舌头变厚且麻痹,艾伦很难用语言表达清楚自己的意思,故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第六段“Most frightening, he felt his breathing more and more difficult. (最让人恐惧的是,他开始感到呼吸越来越困难)”和第七段“He was almost through the last of them when he felt sure he was going into shock(休克). Just then he reached for the radio mike again. (就在他通过最后一个转弯处时,他可以肯定自己马上就会休克。就在这千钧一发之际,他再次拿出无线电话筒)”和第八段““Call fire station.” He shouted, concentrating to form the words. “Emergency. Bee sting. Emergency. There in ten minutes.”(呼叫火警,他大声喊道,集中注意力清楚吐字:“危急。被黄蜂叮咬。十分钟之内到达”)”和最后一段““You made it,” he thought. (你活下来了,他这样想着)”可知,这篇文章主要讲述了被黄蜂蛰叮之后,艾伦与时间赛跑自救的惊险故事。故选C项。
5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A
【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章讲述实验表明狗能理解人说话的语气和含义。
5.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The reward pathway in the dogs’ brains lit up when they heard both praising words and an approving intonation(语调)(当狗听到赞扬的话语和赞许的语调时,它们大脑中的奖赏通路会被激活)”可知,当狗听到用赞赏的语调说的表扬的话时,其脑内的奖赏通路会被激活。故选C项。
6.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“they seem to separate the meaning of words from the intonation. Then the left hemisphere(半球) of the brain processes meaning, while intonation is analyzed in the right hemisphere.(它们似乎把单词的意思和语调分开了。然后,大脑左半球处理意思,而语调由右半球分析。)”可知,狗在大脑的不同半球对话语的含义和说话的语调分别进行分析。故选D项。
7.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“All the dogs in the study were willing volunteers and were trained not to move in the scanner(扫描器).(研究中的所有狗都是自愿的志愿者,并被训练不在扫描仪中移动)”及“The difficult aspect of the training was convincing the dogs that ‘motionless’ means really motionless. They can’t move more than 3 millimeters in any direction, otherwise we will have to throw out all of the data.(训练的困难之处在于让狗相信‘不动’意味着真的不动。它们不能向任何方向移动超过3毫米,否则我们将不得不扔掉所有的数据。)”可知,研究过程中,狗被要求在扫描仪器中待着不动,这是训练中的难点。故选B项。
8.主旨大义题。文章开头通过“When you praise a dog, it's listening to not just the words you say but also how you say them. That might not be huge news to dog owners. But now researchers have explored this phenomenon…(当你表扬一只狗时,它不仅在听你说的话,还在听你怎么说。这对狗主人来说可能不是什么大新闻。但现在研究人员对这一现象进行了探索……)”引入话题:狗能理解人说话的语气和含义,研究者对此进行了研究。接着,下文介绍了该研究的内容和结论,故A项“狗能理解语言的语气和含义”适合作本文标题。故选A项。
9.D 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文,主要讲的是关于招聘体操教练的一些相关信息,包括招聘机构的简介、工作岗位的介绍、工作时间、薪资、应聘要求以及工作职责等。
9.推理判断题。根据About us部分的“PCYC (Police Citizens Youth Club) Queensland is a not-for-profit organization established in 1948, aiming to build safer and healthier communities.(昆士兰PCYC成立于1948年,是一个非营利性组织,旨在建立更安全、更健康的社区。)”可知,昆士兰PCYC的目标是改善社区安全和健康。故选D。
10.细节理解题。根据About the position部分的“•Casual work (approximately 20 30 hours per week)•$28.38-$31.80 per hour(•临时工作(每周大约20--30小时)•每小时28.38--31.80美元)”可知,PCYC Burdekin的体操教练一周能挣的钱是$28.38*20--$31.80*30,即$567.6——$954,最接近的答案是$560-$960,故选C。
11.细节理解题。根据About the position部分的“•Applicants with intermediate accreditation (认证) from Gymnastics Queensland will be considered with priority.(•获得昆士兰体操协会中级认证的申请人将优先考虑。)”可知,展示中级体操资格来增加被PCYC Burdekin雇用的机会。故选B。
12.细节理解题。根据Key responsibilities include部分的“•Contribute towards creative marketing and promotion of the gymnastics programs to maintain current participants and attract new participants.(•负责体操项目的创意营销和推广,以保持现有学员并吸引新学员。)”可知,如果被聘用,将由一名体操教练负责帮助宣传体操项目,故选C。
13.推理判断题。根据Deadline部分的“Applications close on 8 September, 2022. Interested? Click here to apply.(申请截止日期为2022年9月8日。感兴趣吗?点击这里申请。)”可知,这是一篇招聘广告,能点击申请,说明这是网上的,因此本文可能来自于一个求职手机应用程序。故选B。
14.B 15.E 16.C 17.G 18.F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向人们解释了艺术的重要性,并通过举例说明了艺术对于人的积极作用。艺术具有可以提高人的表达能力和创造力的作用,又可以帮助我们了解前人所处的时代,还可以帮助孩子调节情绪。
14.上文“It promotes expression and creativity. As humans, we’re naturally drawn to art as a form of expression and communication.”说明艺术能促进表达和创造力。作为人类,艺术作为一种表达和交流的形式,自然会吸引我们。下文“It’s a way for them to express themselves before they’re able to speak. In fact, participation in the arts may even assist kids with language, motor skills, and visual learning development.”( 这是在他们能够说话之前,让他们表达自己的一种方式。事实上,参与艺术活动甚至可以帮助孩子在语言、运动技能和视觉学习方面的发展。)可知,空处应该是儿童用艺术表达自己的具体方式,而B项Children love to draw, sing, and dance.意为(孩子们喜欢画画、唱歌和跳舞)为儿童表达自己的具体方式。符合题意,故选B项。
15.下文“When someone applies for a job, there are certain skills they need to have like data analysis or bookkeeping.”(当有人申请一份工作时,他们需要具备某些技能,比如数据分析或记账。)可知,此段主旨是讲艺术对于这些技能的作用,E项It helps all of us develop necessary soft skills.(它帮助我们所有人发展必要的软技能。)是介绍艺术对于人的技能发展的作用,符合题意,故选E项。
16.上文“It provides historical context.”(它提供了历史背景。)以及下文“This is why people dedicate their lives to studying cave art, Shakespearean plays, and so much more.”(这就是为什么人们致力于研究洞穴艺术、莎士比亚戏剧等等)可知,空处应该是讲艺术对于人类历史的作用。C项Art and human history go hand-in-hand(艺术和人类历史是携手并进的。)符合题意,故选C项。
17.上文“We can study art to find out what those before us were facing and how they overcame it.”(我们可以通过研究艺术作品来了解我们的祖先们曾面临过什么,以及他们是如何克服的)可知,艺术具有让人预知未来的作用。G项Similarly, future generations will learn about our current events by the art we leave behind.(同样,我们的后代也将通过我们留下的艺术来了解当前的事件。)与上文意思相互承接,符合题意,故选G项。
18.上文“In therapy(疗法) settings, art also provides an opportunity for digging deeper and expressing emotions that are difficult to discuss.”(在治疗中,艺术也提供了一个更深层次挖掘和表达难以讨论的情感的机会。)下文“In one important study, children between 6 and 12 were asked to draw a house as a distraction after thinking about something upsetting. This group was able to improve their mood when compared with children who were instructed to draw the negative event or simply copy another drawing.”( 在一项重要的研究中,在6到12岁的孩子思考一些不快的事情后,他们被要求画一座房子作为消遣。与那些被要求画出消极事件或简单地复制另一幅画的孩子相比,这组孩子能够改善他们的情绪。)可知,该段讲的是艺术对于情感的调节作用。F项It can help people handle both their past and present problems.(它可以帮助人们处理他们过去和现在的问题。)符合题意,故选F项。
19.A 20.C 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.D 25.A 26.B 27.A 28.D 29.C 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述因车祸失去一条腿的Maria成长为领导者的故事。
19.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Maria 过去认为她没有机会在公司得到提升是因为她运气不好——她在一次车祸中失去了一条腿。 A. leg腿;B. hand手;C. arm胳膊;D. foot脚。根据文章最后一句“Though Maria only has one leg”可知,Maria 在车祸中失去了一条腿。故选A。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意:一天,她正在上网,突然看到一个关于领导技能课程的网站。A. business生意;B. computer电脑;C. leadership领导;D. reading阅读。根据后文“to be a leader. ”可知,Maria突然看到一个关于领导技能课程的网站。故选C。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:她认为自己身体不好,不具备成为领导者的能力。A. idea想法;B. ability能力;C. reason原因;D. way方法。根据前文“she was a physically unlucky person ”可知,因为Maria身体残疾,所以她认为自己没有成为领导者的能力。故选B。
22.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但随后,她对展现在她面前的关于领导力的新解释感到震惊。 A. plan计划;B. choice选择;C. explanation解释;D. fact事实。根据后文“Maria read, " Leadership isn’t about commanding: it is about following your heart.”可知,Maria看到了领导力的新解释。故选C。
23.考查动词词义辨析。句意:Maria读到:“领导不是指挥,而是跟随你的心。任何人都能做到,任何人。”A. find发现;B. think考虑;C. recognize辨认;D. do做。根据空后再次强调 anyone可知,此处指任何人都可以做领导,所以空处需用动词do。故选D。
24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这句话让她深受鼓舞,于是她开始上这门课。A. upset不安的;B. moved感动的;C. hurt受伤的;D. encouraged鼓励的。根据空前对领导者的新解释可知,Maria受到了鼓舞,开始上这么课。故选D。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:经过更多的学习,她意识到领导力是在一个人的内心,而不是身体部位。A. learning了解,学习;B. writing写作;C. trying尝试;D. remembering记得。根据后文“she realized leadership lies in one’s heart but not the body part. ”可知,经过学习后,Maria对于领导力有了更多的认识。故选A。
26.考查动词词义辨析。句意:只有她自己能帮助自己。 A. persuade说服;B. help帮助;C. teach教授;D. protect保护。根据前文“she realized leadership lies in one’s heart ”可知,要成为领导者在于一个人的内心,由此可知,Maria认为只有自己能帮助自己。故选B。
27.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她开始从内心感到强大。A. powerful强大的;B. safe安全的;C. relaxed放松的;D. easy简单的。因为对自己有了新的认识,所以Maria内心开始变得强大起来。故选A。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:后来,同事们开始注意到Maria的变化。A. mind介意;B. show展示;C. follow跟随;D. notice注意。根据空后“the changes of Maria.”可知,因为Maria有了变化,所以这被同事们注意到了。故选D。
29.考查副词词义辨析。句意:她甚至觉得自己很重要。A. only仅仅;B. ever曾经;C. even甚至;D. still依然。根据前文“Maria didn’t feel inferior(自卑的) any longer. ”可知,因为Maria不再自卑了,此处需用副词even,表示程度的加深,意为她甚至觉得自己很重要。故选C。
30.考查动词词义辨析。句意:渐渐地,她冷静的心态引起了老板的注意。 A. requested要求;B. got得到;C. accepted接受;D. expected期待。根据后文“so he promoted her.”可知,老板注意到了Maria的改变。故选B。
31.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到她会成为一个好领导,所以提拔了她。A. realized意识到;B. preferred偏爱;C. understood明白;D. hoped希望。根据后文“so he promoted her.”可知,因为领导意识到Maria会成为一个好领导,所以提拔了她。故选A。
32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Maria认为,无论发生什么事情,领导者都应该是积极的。A. proud骄傲的;B. clever聪明的;C. honest诚实的;D. active积极的。根据后文“So she is always with her team ”可知,Maria认为领导要积极处理事情。故选D。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:所以她总是和她的团队在一起,特别是在面对困难的时候。A. unfairness不公平;B. disagreements不同意,分歧;C. difficulties困难;D. refusal拒绝。根据前文“So she is always with her team especially ”可知,Maria总是和团队人员在一起,尤其是遇到困难时。故选C。
34.at 35.may##might 36.is told 37.what 38.To figure 39.tested 40.featuring 41.which##that 42.faced 43.identifying
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类的记忆是不可靠的。即使是面部识别能力最强的人也只能记住这么多,很难量化一个人的记忆力有多好。机器不受这种方式的限制。给正确的计算机一个巨大的人脸数据库,它就能以惊人的速度和精度处理它看到的东西——然后识别它被告知要找到的面孔。但机器在面部识别方面仍然有局限性,随着数据库的增长,机器的精确度全面下降。
34.考查介词。句意:很难量化一个人的记忆力有多好。此空考查固定搭配 be good at,意为“擅长做某事”。故填at。
35.考查情态动词。句意:没有人真正知道一个人能回忆起多少张不同的脸,但根据一个人可能认识的熟人的数量,各种各样的估计往往停留在一千左右。此空没有提示词,空后是一个动词原形,应该填助动词或情态动词。根据句意,此处表示“可能”,所以填情态动词may/might。
36.考查谓语动词。句意:给正确的计算机一个巨大的人脸数据库,它就能以惊人的速度和精度处理它看到的东西——然后识别它被告知要找到的面孔。分析可知,tell为定语从句的谓语动词,根据语境和sees判断,此处用一般现在时;机器是“被告知”要找到的面孔,用被动语态。综合三要素,答案为 is told。
37.考查名词性从句。句意:这种技能正是21世纪面部识别软件的巨大潜力所在。“…supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. ”在is 后面充当表语,是一个表语从句。从句中supports 前面缺主语,指物,应用连接代词what,故填what。
38.考查非谓语。句意:为了弄清楚计算机是如何挣扎的,华盛顿大学的研究人员创造了一个巨大的数据库,他们称之为MegaFace,测试各种人脸识别算法(算法)在扩大规模时的复杂性。这句话中,created 是谓语动词,figure 应为非谓语,此处缺目的状语,故用不定式表目的,填 To figure。
39.考查谓语动词。句意:为了弄清楚计算机是如何挣扎的,华盛顿大学的研究人员创造了一个巨大的数据库,他们称之为MegaFace,测试各种人脸识别算法(算法)在扩大规模时的复杂性。并列句中的 test 和谓语 created 保持一致,故填 tested。
40.考查非谓语。句意:这个想法是在一个数据库上测试这些机器,这个数据库包含了近70万不同人的100万张不同的图像,而且不仅仅是一个大数据库,其中有相对较少的不同面孔,这与其他研究中使用的方法更加一致。此句中feature的非谓语形式作database 的后置定语,feature “以……为特征”,是一个不及物动词,故用现在分词,填featuring。
41.考查定语从句。句意:在处理1.3万张图像数据库时,算法准确率高达95%,但在处理100万张图像时,准确率仅为70%。分析可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为Algorithms,指物,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:在处理1.3万张图像数据库时,算法准确率高达95%,但在处理100万张图像时,准确率仅为70%。be faced with“面临”为固定搭配,此处应省略be,用过去分词和when一起构成时间状语。故填faced。
43.考查动名词。句意:长相极相似的人,机器将无法识别为两个独立的人。have trouble doing 做……有困难,是固定搭配,故填identifying。
44.consumption##onsumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:水果和蔬菜的平均日消耗量约为200克。根据单词首字母以及句意“消耗量”以及上文的daily可知,此处应填名词consumption作主语。故填consumption。
45.tackle##ackle
【详解】考查动词。句意:你最好赶紧解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知,空前是不定式标志to,所以空处应填动词原形,结合句意和所给首字母,应填tackle意为“解决;应付;处理(难题或局面)”符合。故填tackle。
46.entirely##ntirely
【详解】考查副词。句意:当被要求复述整篇文章时,他完全忘记了。根据首字母和句意可知,副词entirely“完全地”符合题意,作状语,修饰动词forgot。故填entirely。
47.to overcome
【详解】考查动词。句意:我完全尊重她,钦佩她克服如此巨大的个人损失的决心。根据汉语提示可知,动词overcome符合题意,空处作抽象名词determination的后置定语,应用不定式。故填to overcome。
48.vision
【详解】考查名词。句意:这对夫妇最终搬到了她的视野之外。前文为介词of,介词后常接名词,因此“视野”为vision。故填vision。
49.lean
【详解】考查动词。句意:你可以把湿雨伞靠在架子上。“can ______ (倚, 靠)”作谓语,根据汉语提示,结合句意,“倚, 靠”可译为lean,在can之后用动词原形,故填lean。
50.vision##ision
【详解】考查名词。句意:霍金还透露了他对其他形式的能量的看法,这些能量可以把我们带到一个新的星球上。根据句意和首字母可知,空处填名词vision作宾语,抽象概念,不可数。故填vision。
51.essential##ssential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你必须有一些经验。根据首字母和汉语提示,形容词essential符合题意,作表语。故填essential。
52.How we will go there
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们如何去那里还是个问题。分析句子结构可知,所设空处做主语,根据汉语提示,该主语从句应用how引导,主语从句中应用陈述语序,根据语境,“如何去那里”应为仍未发生的动作,所以应用一般将来时态,故填How we will go there。
53.far from enough
【详解】考查短语。句意:在某些方面,环境保护的努力是远远不够的。far from完全不,远非,后接副词enough,表示“远远不够”。故填far from enough。
54.have been devoted to
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意:多年来我一直致力于这项事业。be devoted to表示“致力于”,根据“for many years”可知此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响,应该用现在完成时,主语是I ,谓语动词用复数,故填have been devoted to。
55.It is essential
【详解】考查it用法。句意:防止这些有害的习惯支配青少年的生活是很有必要的。此处改为it作形式主语,应用it is essential to do sth.表示“做某事很有必要”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式,句首单词首字母大写。故填It is essential。
56.I hold the firm belief that every one is bound to receive an unexpected joy.
【详解】考查同位语从句、动词、名词、固定短语和名词。“坚信”可以理解为“持有坚定的信念”。表示“持有”,可用动词hold表示。表示“信念”,可用名词belief。“坚定的”,可用形容词firm。“每个人都会得到意想不到的快乐”可看作belief的同位语。该同位语从句结构意思完整,应该用that引导该从句。表示“一定会……”,可用be bound to do sth.。表示“得到意想不到的快乐”,根据所给句子,可用“receive an unexpected joy”。故翻译为:I hold the firm belief that every one is bound to receive an unexpected joy。
57.Though some Internet / web / online celebrities are / have been invited to back up this product, consumers need to take into account quite a few factors such as its price and quality.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、时态、动词短语和介词短语。前半句“尽管有网红受邀为这款产品站台”,根据句意,谓语可用一般现在时态或现在完成时态;“尽管”表达为连接词though,引导让步状语从句;“网红”表达为名词短语Internet / web / online celebrities,作状语从句的主语;“被邀请……做……”表达为invite sb to do sth,此处invite与“网红”之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,即are invited或have been invited;“为……站台”即“支持……”,表达为动词短语back up,宾语是“这款产品”this product,可用动词不定式作状语表示目的;前半句翻译为:Though some Internet / web/online celebrities are / have been invited to back up this product。后半句“消费者仍需考虑价格、质量等诸多因素”为主句,主语“消费者”用consumers;“需做……”表达为动词短语need to do sth,为谓语动词,陈述事实用一般现在时;根据要求,“考虑”表达为动词take... into account;宾语“诸多因素”表达为名词短语quite a few factors;“价格、质量等”可表达为短语such as its price and quality,整理语序,故翻译为:Though some Internet / web/online celebrities are / have been invited to back up this product, consumers need to take into account quite a few factors such as its price and quality.
58.His article deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about.
【详解】考查名词、动词短语,定语从句和时态。根据句意可知,本句描述一个客观的事实,用一般现在时。表示“他的文章”用His article;表示“涉及”用动词短语deal with。因为主语His article是名词单数,故动词用单数deals with;表示“许多问题”用many issues;表示“非常关心”用短语be greatly concerned about,因为主语是we,故用are greatly concerned about,作定语修饰many issues。此句是省略that的定语从句。因为that代替先行词many issues在从句中作宾语,故可以省略。故答案为His article deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about.
59.This is the main way that I overcome my own fears day in and day out.
【详解】考查定语从句,副词短语、动词短语和时态。陈述客观情况,用一般现在时态;“日复一日”表达为副词短语day in and day out,作时间状语;“主要方法”表达为main way,作表语;main way为先行词,后接限制性定语从句“我日复一日战胜我自己的畏惧”;“战胜我自己的畏惧”表达为动词短语overcome my own fears,overcome为及物动词,作谓语;先行词在从句中作方式状语,可用that或in which引导定语从句,也可省略关系词。main way后接限制性定语从句,应表特指,故用定冠词the修饰main way。结合其他汉语提示,故翻译为:This is the main way that I overcome my own fears day in and day out.
60.expert 61.branch 62.rent 63.flavour
【解析】60.考查名词或形容词。“专家;行家;能手”expert,名词词性,其形容词词性表示“内行的,专家的;熟练的,老练的,经验(或知识)丰富的”。故答案填expert。
61.考查名词或动词。“树枝;分支;分行;分部;支流;支路”branch,名词词性,其动词词性表示“分开,分岔”。故答案填branch。
62.考查名词或动词。“租金”rent,名词词性,其动词词性表示“出租;租用,租借”。故答案填rent。
63.考查名词或动词。“味,味”flavour,名词词性,其动词词性表示“给……调味,加味于;给……增添风趣”。故答案填flavour。
64.urban
【详解】考查形容词。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查表示“城市的”对应的形容词urban,作定语,修饰后面的名词。故填urban。
65.while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible
【详解】考查固定短语和现在分词作状语。“在……同时”用while引导时间状语从句;短语“使某人保持健康”用“keep + 宾语+形容词作宾语补足语”结构,“尽可能……”用“as…as possible”表达;因此“保持人和环境尽可能健康”表达为keep people and the environment as healthy as possible;keep和定语从句的先行词a suitable solution 之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语;故填while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible。
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