人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land优秀综合训练题

Period Four　Writing

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

October sixteenth is World Food Day. This day is also the anniversary of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(F.A.O.).The UN agency leads international efforts to defeat world hunger. It was created in 1945.

The F.A.O. says more than one hundred fifty countries are to hold special events to celebrate World Food Day. At F.A.O. headquarters in Rome, for example, runners will compete in a five-kilometre race through the city’s historical area. Events in other countries include discussions among experts, press conferences and musical programmes.

The message of this year’s World Food Day is “investing in agriculture for food security”. The F.A.O. says, “During the early 1990s, the foreign aid for agriculture was nine thousand million dollars each year. But now, it has declined to less than five thousand million dollars a year.” Yet, the F.A.O. estimates that more than eight hundred and fifty million people around the world do not get enough food.

The UN agency notes that seventy per cent of the world’s hunger lies in the farmers who grow small amount of food. Many also face problems of feeding themselves. The F.A.O. says agricultural aid could help small farmers make a profit from their crops. Farmers would also be able to feed their families throughout the year and reinvest in their farms. They could buy better seeds, equipment and chemical fertilizers to help their crops grow.

Muhammad Yunis, the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to improve the lives of poor people, as well as his Bangladesh microfinance organization, the Grameen Bank, has lent small amount of money to poor people who are unable to get traditional loans, especially women. Minister Yunis says that he plans to give his share of the one million three hundred thousand dollars Nobel award to good causes. He says he wants to establish an eye hospital and start a project to produce low-cost food for the poor.

(　　)1.To celebrate the World Food Day, how many kinds of activities are mentioned in the passage?

A.Two.  

B.Three.

C.Four.  

D.Five.

(　　)2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.The F.A.O. is established to invest in agriculture for food security.

B.The foreign aid for agriculture has reduced by nearly 50%in recent decades.

C.The Grameen Bank has provided large amount of loans for poor farmers.

D.Yunis will donate his entire Nobel award to help solve the hunger for the poor.

(　　)3.With agricultural aid, farmers can　　　　. 

A.promote the production of crops  

B.produce low-cost food

C.invest money in other fields  

D.help to improve crop seeds

(　　)4.The writer wrote the passage mainly to　　　　. 

A.give an introduction of the F.A.O.

B.inform us of the situations of the world food

C.appeal for more investment on agriculture

D.show how to deal with the world’s hunger

B

Like people, plants experience stress. And also, like people, the response to that stress can determine success.

Bad environmental conditions, such as drought, flood, heat and other stresses, affect yields (产量) more than crop pests and diseases. We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields, said Stephen Howell, a professor of genetics and cell biology.

Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell. Under normal conditions, these proteins are folded into their normal, healthy structures as they are produced. When a plant is under stress, its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then a built-in system senses this and “sets off an alarm in the cell,” said Howell.

In response to the alarm, another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.

“As it turns out, responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,” said Howell. “This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stress conditions.”

For plants in the wild, this response is a help for survival, he said. In production of agriculture crops, however, this response reduces yields.

“You don’t want crop plants to stop growing,” Howell said. “You want them to continue to grow and produce even though they are under stress.”

With the new understanding of this stress response, the next step may be to silence the alarm system, said Howell. “What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses. That may make the plant more productive under stress conditions.”

(　　)5.According to the text, what cause an alarm in the plant cells?

A.The folded proteins.

B.The changed proteins.

C.The defensive measures.

D.The stress response genes.

(　　)6.What does the energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions do?

A.It helps the plants to survive.

B.It helps to maintain high yields.

C.It keeps the plants growing.

D.It helps to produce proteins.

(　　)7.Which word is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5?

A.Prevent.  B.Start.

C.Continue.  D.Promote.

(　　)8.How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions?

A.By making crop plants keep more energy.

B.By making crop plants stop growing.

C.By making the alarm system stop working.

D.By making the alarm system respond quickly.

Ⅱ.写作

第一节　应用文写作

假如你是一名学生会主席, 你校学生会要组织一次户外活动,现在请你根据以下内容以学生会的名义写份书面通知,词数80左右。

主要内容:

为了放松自己,走进大自然,我们决定去附近的农场采摘脐橙(navel orange)。欢迎踊跃参加。

时间:下周日上午8:00—11:00; 下周五下午5:00前到办公室报名;

要求:穿戴合适,如帽子、手套等;

发布时间:10月8日。

注意: 1.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

Notice

October 8

Students’ Union

第二节　读后续写

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Ariana caught another whiff (难闻的气味) and tried to hold her breath. She moved away slightly, but Ashley only moved closer and continued talking. Ariana felt trapped. She wanted badly to tell Ashley that she didn’t smell very good. But how could she do that without hurting Ashley’s feelings? Instead, she gathered the remains of her lunch to throw in the trash, thankful for the excuse to get some fresh air. She looked back to see Ashley eating quietly. Ashley’s hair was tangled (乱糟糟的), and her clothes were dirty. Ariana forced herself to go back to the table and take her seat, vowing (发誓) that she would not sit with Ashley tomorrow.

When Ariana got home from school, she complained to her mother, “There’s a girl named Ashley who likes to sit next to me in school, but she smells bad.”

“She’s probably having a tough day,” said her mother.

“No, it’s not just one day. She smells bad a lot,” Ariana explained. “Nobody else likes to sit next to her, either.”

“I don’t think you understand Ashley’s situation, so let me ask you this…” Her mother’s tone was serious. “Who makes sure that your hair is combed every morning so you’ll look nice when you go to school?”

“You do,” answered Ariana.

“Who makes sure you’re bathed and cleaned every day? And your clothes are washed and neatly ironed?”

“You and daddy,” Ariana said again.

“Do you live in a nice home? Do you have enough to eat?”

Ariana nodded, beginning to feel guilty. She was starting to understand now. Ashley couldn’t help her situation because she was only seven years old—the same age as Ariana. Grown-ups are supposed to take care of kids.

“Why doesn’t her family take better care of her?” Ariana asked.

“Not all children live in the best situation,” her mother said. “The best thing you can do for Ashley is to treat her with kindness and sympathy.”

Paragraph 1:

Ariana bit her bottom lip. Sadness for Ashley filled her heart. 

Paragraph 2:

At the end of the school year, the second grade prepared to go on a field trip to the zoo. 

参考答案

Ⅰ.A

【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了10月16日是世界粮食日,同样是联合国粮食及农业组织的周年日,许多国家都在以不同的形式庆祝这个节日。作者号召全世界重视对农业的资金投入,帮助解决更多农民的饥饿问题。

1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,为庆祝今年的世界粮食日,举办的活动有“a five-kilometre race”“discussions among experts”“press conferences”和“musical programmes”,故选C。

2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段“…‘During the early 1990s, the foreign aid for agriculture was nine thousand million dollars each year. But now, it has declined to less than five thousand million dollars a year.’”可知,对农业的救助资金从20世纪90年代到现在已经下降了将近50%。故选B。

3.A　推理判断题。根据第四段“They could buy better seeds,equipment and chemical fertilizers to help their crops grow.”可知,如果对农业的救助资金充足的话,农民会有资金对他们的农业生产在种子、设备和化肥等方面进行再投资,由此可以增加庄稼的产量,改善农业生产状况,故选A。

4.C　主旨大意题。结合全文可知F.A.O.组织的成立旨在解决农民的温饱问题,作者写这篇文章的目的是号召全世界重视对农业的资金投入,帮助解决更多农民的饥饿问题,故选C。

B

【文章大意】 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了植物细胞的报警是由改变蛋白质产生的,豪厄尔指出在压力条件下通过使报警系统停止工作而使作物保持高产。

5.B　细节理解题。根据第三段“When a plant is under stress,its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then a built-in system senses this and ‘sets off an alarm in the cell,’…”可知,植物细胞的报警是由改变蛋白质产生的。故选B。

6.A　细节理解题。根据第四段“…another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.”可知,在压力条件下,植物保存的能量帮助植物生存。故选A。

7.A　词义猜测题。根据第五段“‘As it turns out,responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants…’”可知,事实证明,在压力条件下被激活的反应实际上抑制了植物的生长。画线词意为“阻止”。故选A。

8.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stress conditions.’”可知,豪厄尔在压力条件下通过使报警系统停止工作而使作物保持高产。故选C。

Ⅱ.第一节

One possible version:

Notice

October 8 

In order to relax ourselves and get close to nature, we have decided to go to the nearby farm to pick navel oranges from 8:00 am to 11:00 am next Sunday. All the students are welcome to take an active part in the activity.

Those who would like to go are requested to sign up your names in the office before 5:00 pm next Friday. It is recommended that you prepare suitable clothes and shoes. In addition, please remember to wear a hat and a pair of gloves in case the branches will hurt you.

We hope all the participants will have a good time in the activity.

Students’ Union 

第二节

One possible version:

Ariana bit her bottom lip. Sadness for Ashley filled her heart. She vowed that from now on she would be the best friend that she could be to Ashley. At school, Ariana voluntarily sat next to Ashley. She partnered with Ashley to help with her schoolwork. On the days that Ashley smelled bad, she moved away a little or politely asked Ashley for a little room. She was always careful not to hurt Ashley’s feelings.

At the end of the school year, the second grade prepared to go on a field trip to the zoo. The day before the trip, the teacher announced that the class needed to bring lunch from home. Ashley was absent, and Ariana worried that her friend would not have lunch because Ashley always ate the school lunch. Therefore, the next day, Ariana asked her mum to make an extra lunch for Ashley—just in case. When Ariana got to school, she discovered that she had been right. Ashley had not brought any lunch for the field trip. When Ariana gave the lunch to Ashley, she saw tears well up in Ashley’s eyes.