高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修第一册Lesson 1 Teachers学案

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这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修第一册Lesson 1 Teachers学案，共21页。

PartⅡ　Lesson 1　Teachers
【学习目标】

话题语境
人与社会
课时词汇
practical, rocket, pour, lack, presentation, behaviour, drag, access, worthwhile, educationalist
常用短语
add up to, for the first time, pour into, set off, lack confidence in, give a presentation to, a couple of, used to, catch sb. doing sth., set up, make sure, have access to, break into, break down, run out of
重点句式
(1)There is no reason to do...没有理由做……
(2)名词性从句作宾语、表语
(3)If only引导虚拟语气从句
(4)the first time/day引导时间状语从句

单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________ n. 教育(学)家
2．________________ adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的
3．________________ n. 进入；接触的机会
4．________________ vt. 拖，拉
5．________________ n. 行为，举止
6．________________ n. 报告；陈述，说明
7．________________ vt. 缺乏
8．________________ vt. 灌，注，倒
9．________________ n. 火箭
10．________________ adj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的

Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．British ________ (教育家) are divided about how best to teach reading.
2．We all felt we had done something ________ (有益的) for the local community.
3．Disabled visitors are welcome; there is good wheelchair ________ (进入，通道) to most facilities.
4．We ________ (拖) the fallen tree clear of the road.
5．Their ________ (行为) towards me shows that they do not like me.
6．I always ask how much time I have to make my p________.
7．What we l________ in this house is space to store things.
8．Although I p________ it carefully, I still managed to spill some.
9．China successfully launched nine r________ at one time.
10．There are some obvious p________ applications of the research.

►第一版块：重点单词
1.pour vt.倒；注；灌　vi.(雨)倾盆而下；(水等)不断流出；(烟等)冒出；不断涌向/涌现
(教材P8)I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match to set it off.我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进了火箭里，然后(让)另一名学生点燃了一根火柴来发射火箭。
pour into/out of 涌入/涌出
pour out 毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)；(感情或话语)奔涌，迸发
pour oil on the flames 使情况变得更糟；火上加油
pour oil on troubled water(s) 调解争端，平息风波等
pour sth. out 尽情表达出来
❶Please pour me another cup of tea.请再给我倒一杯茶。
❷After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.
然后我把油倒进了平底锅里，打开了炉子。
❸People poured into the square from all parts of the city.
人们从全市各处涌向广场。
❹She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.
她一面喝着咖啡，一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。
❺It never rains but it pours.不雨则已，雨则倾盆(祸不单行)。
❻Tears of happiness poured down Susan's cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊不断流了下来。
light短语

in the light of...根据，按照，考虑到……
with a light heart心情愉快地
light on/upon注意到，看见，发现
light on one's feet/legs脱险
light out (for...)匆匆离开(奔向……)
light into sb.攻击/谩骂某人

易混点拨：
light作动词时，其过去分词有lit和lighted两种形式，但在用法上有区别。一般说来，过去分词作定语时用lighted，其他情况下用lit。如：
He has lit a match.他点燃了一根火柴。
The match is lit.火柴点燃了。
He was holding a lighted match.他手里拿着一根点燃的火柴。
[即学即练]　完成句子/翻译句子
①每年都有大量的游客涌入这座城市，这确实给当地人带来了不便。
Every year a large number of visitors ________________ this city, which indeed causes inconvenience to the local people.
②这位老人被深深震撼，尽管高傲，他也不得不吐露出自己的感情。
The old man had been deeply shaken and was forced to ________________ his feelings in spite of pride.
③Some chemical factories pour waste water into rivers for convenience, resulting in serious water pollution.
________________________________________________________________________
④I lost my way in darkness and, to make things worse, it began to pour.
________________________________________________________________________

2.lack vt.缺乏；没有　n．[U]缺乏；匮乏
(教材P8)The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself.我的问题是对自己缺乏信心。
a lack of... 缺乏……
for lack of... 由于缺乏……
no lack of... 不乏……
lacking adj. 缺乏的
be lacking in... 缺乏……
❶A lack of food made people suffer.缺乏食物使人们痛苦不堪。
❷He was fired by the boss for lack of skills.他因为技能不足被老板解雇了。
❸The painting is lacking in originality.这幅画缺乏创意。
特别提醒：
lack作动词时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation (＝is lacking in motivation)．杰克是一个很聪明的学生，但缺乏积极性。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Though ________ (lack) experience, he was willing to work hard.
②For lack ________ money, the project had to be stopped.
③A number of areas have been seriously hit by the typhoon. Now people in the affected areas are lacking ________ food and fresh water.
他缺乏自信。
④He ________ confidence.
⑤He ________________________ confidence.

3.presentation n．报告；陈述，说明
(教材P8)I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣，他便让我给全班同学做了一个展示。
(1)give a presentation of sth. (to sb.) 对某事(向某人)进行介绍
a presentation ceremony 颁奖仪式
payable on presentation 提交付款
cash on presentation of documents 交单付现
(2)present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
present sb. with sth. 授予某人某物
present sb. to sb. else 向某人介绍某人
(3)give sb. a present 经某人一件礼物
(4)at present 现在；目前
for the present 眼前，暂时
live in the present 活在当下
be present at... 出席……
be absent from... 缺席
present oneself 出席；到场
❶Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.
每次都让你的演讲比预期的稍微短一点。
❷The Grammy Awards are presented every year in the music industry.
音乐界每年都颁发格莱美奖。
❸At the end of the programme, the students presented papers on their research.
项目结束时，学生们提交了他们的研究论文。
❹The music today can't be presented the way it was in 1908 or 1958.
今天的音乐不能以1908年或1958年那样的方式呈现。
❺He presented a medal to the winner.＝He presented the winner with a medal.
他向获胜者颁发奖牌。
❻I've got enough money for the present.我的钱暂时够用。
❼We will have a report on the present state.
我们将会针对目前的情况进行一次报道。
❽All the people present at the meeting were his supporters.
所有出席会议的人都是他的支持者。

名师点津：
present vt.陈述；提出；赠予；颁予；提交；呈现；出示 n. [C]礼物；礼品 adj.现在的，目前的(仅用于名词前)；出席的，到场的(不用于名词前，作后置定语或表语)

易混提醒：
(1)present作动词用时，其重音在第二个音节；用作名词和形容词时，重音在第一个音节。
(2)动词present有自己的名词形式presentation，意为报告、陈述、说明，在意思上与动词present有些不同。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Guest speakers will also present prizes ________ the students.
②David's manager presented him ________ the award for best sales in the region.
③Tom is busy ________ present. Can he ring you later?
④The sales manager will give a ________ (present) on the new products.
⑤I don't think we should expand our business in the present economic climate.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥The workers present immediately requested that he reconsider his decision.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4.behaviour n．行为；举止　behave vi.表现；举止规矩有礼
(教材P9)I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.我听说过一些关于他的不良行为的故事。
behave well 表现得好
behave badly 表现得差
behave oneself 举止规矩有礼
wellbehaved adj. 有礼貌的；行为端正的
badlybehaved adj. 没有礼貌的；举止表现不好的
❶His behaviour was, in a word, shocking.总之，他的行为是令人震惊的。
❷Mr Blake was a gentleman. He knew how to behave.
布莱克先生是位绅士。他知道如何举止得体。
❸My car has been behaving well since it was repaired.
我的汽车自修理后一直运行良好。
❹The kids at this school are disciplined, hardworking and wellbehaved.
这所学校的孩子们遵守纪律、学习勤奋、彬彬有礼。
知识拓展：
good behaviour良好的表现
loyal behaviour towards sb.对待某人的忠实态度
be on one's best behaviour努力表现自己
behave with great courage表现得非常勇敢
learn how to behave学着规矩点
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He has been behaving ________ (strange) recently.
②How is your new car ________ (behave)?
③Smoking in public is bad ________ (behave)．
④这些表现不好的孩子们真的很令我头疼。
________________________________________________________________________

5.access n．(使用或见到的)机会，权利；通道；入口　vt.接近，进入；获取，访问(计算机文件)
(教材P9)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.做教师意味着，你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。
(1)access a website through this link 通过这连接访问某个网站
access the building through the door 通过此门进入这座大楼
(2)have access to 有机会/权力进入/使用/见到……
gain/get access to 进入(某地)；见到(某人或某物)
the only access to the farmhouse 进入农舍的唯一通道
provide/give access to sb./sth. 接见某人；向……开放；给予……权利
(3)accessible adj. 易接近的；容易理解的；易相处的
be accessible to sb. 某人可接触……
❶The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.
这些设施已经被改造过以方便轮椅使用者使用。
❷They now have access to the mass markets of Japan.
他们现在有机会进入日本的大众市场。
❸You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
❹You've illegally accessed and misused confidential security files.
你已经非法获取并盗用了机密的安全文件。
❺Some banks charge if you access your account to determine your balance.
有些银行会在你查询账户余额时收费。
❻The certificates of the technical schools give (us) access to the entrance examination at the relevant faculties and colleges.技术学校的文凭提供了参加相关院系和大学入学考试的权利。
❼These documents are not accessibleto the public.公众无法看到这些文件。

联想拓展：
accessible adj.易接近的；容易理解；易相处的
be accessible to sb.某人可接触……
These documents are not accessible to the public.
公众无法看到这些文件。

知识归纳：后跟介词to的名词
the answer to...
the key to...
the way to...
the attitude to...
the objection to...
the ability to...
the access to...
the approach to...
the guide to...
the reference to...

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①There are some literary books that are ________ (access) to a general audience.
②The only access ________ the farmhouse is across the fields.
③Students must have access to good resources.
________________________________________________________________________
④The loft can be accessible by a ladder.
________________________________________________________________________

6.worthwhile adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
(教材P9)If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我所做的是值得的。
(1)it is worthwhile (for sb.) to do... (对某人来说)做……是值得的
it is worthwhile doing sth. 做……是值得的
(2)sth. is (well) worth doing 某事值得一做
sth. is worth 100 dollars 某物有100美元的价值
sth. is (well) worth the money/the effort/a try 某事值得花钱/努力/一试
be worth it 值得一干；值得花时间/精力
(3)sth. is worthy
❶It was in aid of a worthwhile cause.这是为高尚的事业尽一份力。
❷Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time？想探索新的文化，认识新的人，同时做一些有价值的事情吗？(worthwhile作后置定语)
❸I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.我认为有必要澄清事实。
❹It wasn't worthwhile continuing with the project.
这个项目不值得再继续了。
❺The money we raise will be going to a very worthy cause.
我们筹集的钱款将用于一项非常崇高的事业。
❻A number of the report's findings are worthy of note.这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。
❼This suggestion is worthy of consideration.＝This suggestion is worthy of being considered.＝This suggestion is worthy to be considered.这个建议值得考虑。
❽The team needs a driver of his worth.这支队伍需要一位他这样技术水平的司机。
❾These books might be worth ￡80 or more to a collector.
这些书对收藏家而言可能值八十英镑或更多。
⑩He's decided to get a look at the house and see if it is worth buying.
他决定去瞧瞧那栋房子，看是否值得买。
特别提醒：
worthy adj. ①有价值的；值得重视的；了不起的；②值得的；③配得上的；应受……的
作定语时，主要用于修饰人、事业或生活等抽象名词；作表语时，后面常接动词不定式的被动语态，或接介词of，再加名词或动名词的被动语态。
如：(1)a worthy gentleman受人敬仰的绅士
a worthy rival值得较量一番的对手
(2)worthy to be praised值得表扬
(3)a winner worthy of being called a champion配称冠军称号的胜利者
a crime worthy of death应处死刑的罪行

名师点拨：
worth只能作表语，后接名词或动词的主动形式
worthy可作表语，也可作定语后接to do sth.或of sth.
worthy of后面接被动式的动名词，而worth后接主动式的动名词，虽然形式上是主动的，但意义仍然是被动的

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/用worth, worthy或worthwhile填空/一句多译
①The young man is worthy ________ (teach)．
②The professor is worthy ________ our respect.
③I don't think the necklace made of diamond is worthy of ________ (buy)．
④It is worthwhile ________ (visit) the museum.
⑤The museum is worth ________ (visit)．
⑥The secondhand car is ________ no more than 5,000 yuan.
⑦Soon you will find helping others is ________.
⑧The book is ________ of being read.
⑨The book is well ________ reading.
⑩It is ________ to include really highquality illustrations.
这部电影值得一看。
⑪The film is worth ________.
⑫The film is worthy ________________.
⑬It is worthwhile ________________ the film.
⑭It is worthwhile ________________ the film.

►第二版块：重点短语
1.add up to合计达；总计达(不用于被动语态)
(1)add...to... 把……加到/加进……里
add to 增加；扩大
add that... 补充说……
add up 合乎情理；把……加起来
(2)in addition (to sb./sth.) 除……以外(还)；另外
(3)additional adj. 额外的，附加的
典型例句：
(1)His coming added to our difficulties.他的到来增加了我们的困境。
(2)Don't add insult to injury.不要辱上加辱。
(3)The school has been added to several times.这所学校已扩建过几次了。
(4)Please add some fire wood to the fire.请给这火添点柴。
(5)Can you add these figures up and let us see the result？你能把这些数字加起来看看结果是多少吗？

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Working out in the morning provides ________ (add) benefits beyond being physically fit.
②Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, ________________ (除……以外还) seasonal specials.
③Police said they arrested Olivia because her statements did not ________________ (合乎情理)．
④________________ (把……加起来) all the expenses and you'll find that you cannot afford the trip.
⑤众所周知，好朋友会给生活添加快乐，使生活更有意义。
As is known to all, good friends ________________________ life.

2.set off出发，动身；使爆炸/引爆；(事业等)腾飞
set about sth./doing sth. [不用于被动语态]开始做；着手做
set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；(为某目的)省出或留出(钱或时间)
set sth. down 记下；写下
set out 出发
set to 起劲地干起来
set sth. up 创建，开办；安排，策划
A—A—A类不规则动词
put—put—put—putting
bet—bet—bet—betting
set—set—set—setting
let—let—let—letting
hit—hit—hit—hitting
hurt—hurt—hurt—hurting
read—read—read—reading
rid—rid—rid—ridding
shut—shut—shut—shutting
split—split—split—splitting
thrust—thrust—thrust—thrusting
upset—upset—upset—upsetting
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was only found because he set ________ some fireworks to attract attention to himself.
②We need to set ________ a meeting to discuss the proposals.
③He is setting ________ his memories of village life.
④Remove the mushrooms and set them ________.
⑤She set ________ with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.
⑥It has set us ________ in so many respects that I'm not sure how long it will take for us to catch up.
⑦We set ________ preparing for the party one week ago.

3.used to过去经常，曾经(后接动词原形)
(1)否定形式
(2)疑问形式
(3)There used to be...过去曾经有……；过去曾存在……
易混辨析：
be used to do sth.被用来做……
get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
used to do sth.过去常常做某事(现在不这样了)
例如：
(1)He used to get up at 6：00 in the morning but now he has got used to getting up at 5：00.他过去常常是早晨六点起床但现在他习惯早上五点起床了。
(2)These recycled waste papers and books can be used to make new paper.这些回收来的废试卷和书可以被用来制作新纸张。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Life here is much easier than it used to ________ (be)．
②Some ewaste was recycled and used ________ (produce) something useful.
③I didn't think I could ever get used to ________ (live) in a big city after living in the country.

►第三版块：典型句式
1.if only...但愿；要是……就好了
(1)If only...＝How I wish...
(2)if only...是一个独立的句子，要用虚拟语气，用来表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。if only引导的句子的谓语如下：

易混比较：only if与if only
(1)only if是以only限制if，意为only on condition that(只有在……条件下)，它引入一个“非此不可”的条件，表示“只有这个条件才行”，一般译为“只有，除非”。only if位于句首时，主句部分一般应倒装。如：Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到老师准许，学生才可进入教室。
(2)if only后接假设语气的动词，表示惋惜、愿望等情感色彩，用虚拟语气。
If only he were alive！他要是活着多好呀！
If only you had come 5 minutes earlier！你要是早来五分钟就好了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①—I didn't see you at the concert last week. What a pity!
—If only I ____________ (afford) the time.
②If only everyone here ________ (be) honest.
③If it had not been for your help, we ________________ (find) the station.
④I had no information about my son. ________________ (要是我没有说……该多好) those tough words to him.

2．I wish＋宾语从句
　　　　

(1)“wish＋宾语从句”意为“但愿……；希望……；……就好了”，往往表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。
(2)wish后宾语从句中的谓语形式如下：
主句主语＋wish＋从句主语＋
易混提示：
hope和wish都表示“希望”之意，但用法和搭配各异。
(1)表示希望做某事用hope to do sth.或wish to do sth.
(2)表示希望某人做某事，可说wish sb. to do sth.或hope that sb. will do sth.或wish that sb. would do sth.不可以说hope sb. to do sth.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I wish he ________ (go) with us to the theatre next Thursday.
②She wished she ________ (be) at home then.
③I wish I ________ (live) on the seashore.
④我要是记得她的地址就好了。
I wish ________________________.
⑤我要是去车站送她就好了，但我太忙了。
How I wish ________________________， but I was too busy.
⑥我真希望他马上来。
I wish ________________________ at once.

3.“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(教材P8)But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting.但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
在此结构中可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式、过去分词等。
(1)make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
(2)make sb./sth.＋形容词使某人/某事处于某种状态
(3)make sb./sth.＋名词使某人/某物成为……；让某人/某物担当某职务
(4)make sb./sth.＋过去分词使某人/某物被……(宾语和宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系)
❶Aunt Wang tried to make us stay for supper.王阿姨试图留我们吃晚饭。
❷The news made him very happy.这消息使他非常高兴。
❸We made him chairman of our English Speaking Society.我们选他当我们英语会话社的主席。
❹He raised his voice in order to make himself understood.他提高嗓门，以便大家能听懂他的话。
特别提醒：
在make sb. do sth.的被动结构中，省略的不定式符号to要恢复，即sb. be made to do sth.。
They were made to sit and wait for two hours.他们被迫坐着等了两个小时。
Children should be made to understand the importance of table manners.应该让孩子们明白餐桌礼仪的重要性。
[即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空
①她让他做她的秘书。
She ________________________.
②我的老师认为我优秀，学习好，这使我更自信了。
My teacher thinks I am excellent and I can do well in my study, which ______________________________________.
③他的话让我们都大笑起来。
What he said ____________________________.
④The boss made his workers ________ (work) from morning till night.
⑤Can I make myself ________ (hear) in such a voice?
⑥She made a balanced diet to make the family ________ (health)．
⑦The boy was made ________ (do) housework.

4.介词后的宾语从句
(教材P8)Often when I'm preparing a programme, I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it.在准备项目时，我常会想如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语成分，它可以在介词后充当宾语。
❶Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.
一切(都)取决于我们是否有足够的经验。
❷She always think of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样把工作做好。
特别提醒：
that引导的宾语从句，除了几个表示“除……之外”的介词，如except, but, besides之外，不可直接作介词的宾语，但可跟在形式宾语it之后，作介词的实际宾语。
I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.除了他住在隔壁，我对他一无所知。
I'm counting on it that you will come.我正指望着你会来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His speech is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ________ he is trying to express.
②This still leaves the question of ________ local public services should be improved in the next five years.
③The 5G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to ________ wants to get information through the Internet quickly.
④I shall see to it ________ he is taken good care of when you are absent.
⑤Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

5.time后接定语从句的用法
(教材P8)That was really the first time I tried to explain science to an audience and now it's my job！那真的是我第一次尝试向观众讲解科学知识，现在这成了我的工作！
当time表示“次数”时，用关系词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当time表示“一段时间”时，用关系副词when或at/during which引导定语从句。
❶This is the second time that the nice young man invited me out for dinner!
这是那位好心的年轻人第二次请我出去吃晚餐！
❷There was a time when buildings in this city were almost of the same height.
曾经有段时间，这座城市的建筑物几乎都是一样高的。
[特别注意]
the first time常用于句型it is/was the first time that sb. has/had done sth.，意为“那是某人第一次做某事”。如果主句谓语动词为is，从句用现在完成时；主句谓语动词为was，从句则用过去完成时。
❸It is first time since 1976 that an asteroid has come so close to Earth.
这是自1976年以来第一次有小行星如此近距离地接近地球。
❹It was the first timethat they had chatted with their parents like friends.
那是他们第一次和父母像朋友一样聊天。
易混辨析：
(1)the first time意为“第一次”，在句中起到连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
The first time my faults were pointed out, I felt ashamed.第一次被指出过失的时候，我感到很羞愧。
(2)for the first time意为“初次”，是介词短语，在句中作时间状语。
He was invited to give an important talk in public for the first time.他第一次受邀在公众场合作一个重要报告。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①I still remember the first time ________ we met in school.
②He thought of the happy time ________ he lived with his parents in that mountain village.
③It is the first time that I ________ (speak) to a foreigner.
④It was the first time that I ________ (see) the professor himself.
⑤The first time when I met her, she was working in a bookshop.________________
⑥House prices are rising the first time this year.________________

6.“使役动词/感官动词＋宾语＋现在分词”复合结构
(教材P9)Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage！有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远。
现在分词作宾语补足语，对宾语起到补充说明的作用，通常强调动作是主动发生或正在进行的。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下两种：
(1)使役动词：catch, have, set, keep, get, leave＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.。
(2)表示感官、感觉或心理状态的动词：see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel, smell＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.。
❶It's not difficult to get him talking—the problem is how to stop him.
让他开口讲话并不难，问题是如何阻止他。
❷Never leave children playing near water by themselves.不要让孩子们独自在水边玩耍。
❸I noticed a boy sliding into the teachers' office.我注意到一个男孩偷偷溜进了教师办公室。
❹When I passed by Class 2, I saw Kate standing in the front of the classroom.
当我经过二班的时候，我看见凯特站在教室前面。
特别提醒：
①感官动词也可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常强调动作的完整/完成或经常发生的事。
I saw an old man fall on the ground in front of the school gate.我看见一位老人倒在了校门口的地上。
②使役动词let, make, have可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Never let the baby stay alone at home.永远不要让婴儿一个人待在家里。
③有些动词如have, get, keep, make等还可以接动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。
He spoke slowly to make himself understood.他慢慢地说话，来让人明白他的意思。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①What he said set me ________ (think)．
②Don't have the machine ________ (work) all night; it may go wrong.
③When I watched the couple ________ (quarrel), I got a text message from their daughter.
④I will get my car ________ (repair) this Sunday.
⑤The lost girl was last seen ________ (play) near the woods.
⑥Suddenly, we heard someone ________ (knock) at the door.
⑦I am sorry to have kept you ________ (wait) for so long.
⑧I caught a boy ________ (cheat) in the English exam yesterday.
⑨The boss made his workers to work for long hours every day.________________
⑩I often hear my neighbour singing happily in the morning.________________

7.部分否定
(教材P9)However, I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.
不过，并不是每一个学生我都能教得像格雷厄姆那么成功。
某些表示全部含义的代词、副词以及某些表示全部含义的形容词所修饰的名词词组与not连用时表示部分否定，代词如all, both；形容词如whole, every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词；副词如altogether, always, entirely, wholly, quite等。
❶Not all the people present at the meeting agree with you.
不是所有出席会议的人都支持你。
❷All men here are not honest.这儿的人并非都诚实。
❸Both of the sisters are not here./Not both of the sisters are here.
并非两姐妹都在这里。
特别提醒：
全部否定要用none, nobody, nothing等。both的全部否定用neither; everyone的全部否定用nobody或no one。
None of them know/knows the way.他们都不知道路。
Neither sentence is right.两个句子都不对。
Nobody knows where he has gone.没有人知道他去哪儿了。
[即学即练]　同义句转换/一句多译
①Not all the ants go out for food.
→All the ants ________ for food.
②Not every book is educative.
→Every book is ________.
不是所有的学生都支持这个规章制度。
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
他的两个姐姐并非都同意他的提议。
⑤________________________________________________________________________
⑥________________________________________________________________________

8.It is/was＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.
(教材P9)I think it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student.我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。
该句型是It作形式主语的一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是for引出的，句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。常见的此类形容词有important, necessary, common, normal, natural, hard, difficult, easy, safe, dangerous, impossible, pleasant等。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是of引出的，常用的形容词多为形容逻辑主语品质、特性的词，如clever, wise, bright, silly, foolish, stupid, kind, cruel, right, wrong等。
❶It is impossible for us to finish the work on time.我们不可能按时完成这项工作。
❷It is important for her to come to the party.来参加这个聚会对她来说很重要。
❸It is kind of you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。
名师提醒：
在It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.或It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.句型中，都是复合不定式作真正主语的句子，此句型中“for sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.”都是“介词＋不定式的逻辑主语＋不定式”结构，这种结构就是不定式复合结构
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is impossible ________ (concentrate) if you are tense or nervous.
②________ is necessary to learn a foreign language.
③It is highly necessary ________ our government to stop the official corruption.
④Is ________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
⑤It is kind ________ you to say so.

9.what引导的主语从句
(教材P9)If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我所做的事情是值得的。

❶What she saw frightened her.
她看到的东西吓了她一跳。(what在从句中作宾语)
❷It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eyes.
一个人只有用心去看，才能看清事实真相。事情的本质只用眼睛是看不到的。(what在从句中作主语)
❸What struck me was that they had all suffered a lot.
让我震惊的是他们都受过很多苦。(what在从句中作主语)
名师点津：
翻译时可先翻译从句中what后面的成分，再翻译what，将what译为“……的事情、东西、样子等”。

名师点拨：
what在从句中作主语时，主句谓语由what从句谓语决定
what在从句中作宾语，主句谓语由主句表语(宾语)决定
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
②________ has caused great confusion is how he made it without anyone else's help.
③________ we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality.
④________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
⑤That he did know was that he was very thankful for the opportunity given to him.________________
⑥Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.________________
⑦Second, I listen carefully in class and do exercises immediately after class so that which I learn can be deeply understood.________________
⑧It is not what you say it but how you say it that matters.________________

[词语积累]
①angle/'æŋɡl/n.[C]角；角度
a 45°angle 45°角
②triangle/'traɪæŋɡl/n．[C]三角形
③add up to总共是，总计为
④for the first time首次，第一次。其在句中作状语。
I'll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
[拓展]the first time用作连词，引导从句。
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.我第一次见到她，就知道我们会成为好朋友。
⑤hydrogen/'haɪdrədʒən/n.[U]氢
⑥used to do sth.过去常常做某事
[辨析]be used to do sth.被用来做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯做某事
⑦rocket/'rɒkɪt/n.[C]火箭；火箭(弹)
⑧pour...into...把……倒进……
pour/pɔː(r)/vt.倾倒，倒出
⑨light a match点燃火柴
⑩set off使(炸弹等)爆炸
⑪a willing student一个主动学习的学生
⑫slow adj.迟钝的，笨的，理解力差的
⑬lack confidence in oneself对自己缺乏信心
lack vt.缺乏，没有
⑭strength在此意为“长处，优势”，是可数名词，反义词是weakness(缺点，弱点)。
⑮give a presentation作介绍

My Teacher
I haven't seen Mr Jenkins since I left school, but I often think about him 【1】. I wasn't very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I was a bit lazy, especially in maths. The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles① of a triangle② add up to③ 180 degrees 【2】！ But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins' class, I really became interested in a subject for the first time④.
【1】本句为but连接的并列句。第一个并列分句中包含一个since引导的时间状语从句。since引导时间状语从句时，其对应的主句常用现在完成时。
【2】本句为主从复合句，其中I can remember from school maths为省略了关系代词that的定语从句(先行词被the only修饰，关系代词宜用that)；that the angles...degrees为that引导的表语从句。
Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea what hydrogen⑤ was 【3】， and I didn't really want to know, either! I found it all so boring and difficult. But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to⑥ explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language. One day, he took us outside, and we built a rocket⑦ ! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into⑧ the rocket, and then another student lit a match⑨ to set it off⑩. It was great fun.
【3】what在此引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容。
I know that I wasn't a willing student⑪， but I wasn't slow⑫ to learn new things. The problem was that I lacked confidence in⑬ myself. Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own strengths⑭. I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation⑮ to the class. That was really the first time I tried to explain science to an audience 【4】 and now it's my job! Often when I'm preparing a programme, I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion 【5】！
【4】That was the first time...意为“第一次……”，the first time引导表语从句。
【5】if only引导从句常用虚拟语气表示主观愿望，意为“要是……就好了”。

我的老师
我虽然离开学校之后再也没有见过詹金斯先生，但常常想起他。遇到詹金斯先生以前，大多数科目我都不是很擅长。我想我那时候有点懒惰，特别是在数学方面。我唯一能记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度！但是在我15岁那年走进了詹金斯先生的课堂时，我第一次对一个学科真正产生了兴趣。
在上詹金斯先生的课之前，科学课对我来说就是一堆奇怪的词语。我不知道氢是什么，而且也一点都不想知道！我觉得它非常无聊又难以理解。但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。他常常结合很多实例并用简单的语言解释看似很难的东西。有一天，他把我们带到户外，我们一起造了一枚火箭！我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭，然后另一个学生点燃了一根火柴来发射火箭。那非常有趣。
我知道自己不是一个主动学习的学生，但我学习新事物并不慢，问题是我对自己缺乏信心。詹金斯先生让我感到我有自己的长处。我对恒星和行星的研究感兴趣，他便让我给全班同学做了一个介绍。那真的是我第一次设法向观众讲解科学(知识)，现在这成了我的工作！在准备一个项目时，我常会想，如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。有时我想，要是能打电话征求他的意见就好了！

[词语积累]
①a couple of几个，一些
②bad behaviour不良行为
behaviour/bɪ'heɪvjə(r)/
n．[U]行为，举止，态度
③catch sb. doing sth.当场发现(或发觉)某人正在做某事
④set up an experiment设置实验
⑤make sure确保，设法保证
⑥the path to success成功之路
⑦have access to有机会……
access/'ækses/n.[U](使用或见到的)机会，权利；通道，通路
⑧worthwhile/ˌwɜːθ'waɪl/adj.
值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
⑨educationalist/ˌedʒu'keɪʃənəlɪst/n.教育学家
【单词拆解】 education(n.教育)＋al(形容词后缀，表示“与……有关的”)＋ist(名词后缀，表示“从事……的人”)→educationalist
　
　
　
My Student
I've read a couple of① Graham's books and seen him on TV. I always say to my wife, “Oh look, I used to teach him！” I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into my class. I had heard stories about his bad behaviour②. Once I caught him and his friends seeing③ who could jump the farthest off the school stage! But when he got interested, he changed. The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored, but as soon as I set up an experiment④ to show how the human stomach works using acid and onion, he gave me his full attention 【1】. He loved science! He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects.
【1】本句为but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，The first day引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，as soon as引导的时间状语从句中包含一个how引导的宾语从句。to show...works作目的状语；现在分词短语using acid and an onion作方式状语。
However, I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham 【2】. I think it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student. Look at Graham! Everyone is good at something and it's important to find out what that is for each student. We teachers should have more time to make friends with all our students and really understand them. Then we could make sure⑤ that we found the path to success⑥， both at school and in later life, for all of them.
【2】本句中not...all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有都……”。
I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to⑦ children's minds when they are open and eager to learn 【3】. If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile⑧ 【4】. As John Dewey, the famous educationalist⑨， said, “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”
【3】本句为主从复合句，that在此引导表语从句，其中又含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
【4】本句为主从复合句，If在此引导条件状语从句，then I know...worthwhile为主句。主句和从句中各包含一个what引导的主语从句。

我的学生
我读过几本格雷厄姆的书，也在电视上看到过他。我总会对妻子说：“啊，看，我曾经教过他！”我记得格雷厄姆来我的班上之前很难相处。我听说过一些他的不良行为。有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上往下跳得最远！但当他(对学习)产生兴趣时，他变了。他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副厌倦的样子。但当我用酸和洋葱做实验来展示人类的胃如何运转时，他全神贯注。他热爱科学！他非常聪明，科学学科学得非常好。
不过，并不是每一个学生我都能教得像格雷厄姆那么成功。我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。看看格雷厄姆！每个人都有擅长的事，重要的是要找出每个学生擅长的是什么。我们老师应该花更多的时间和所有的学生交朋友，真正了解他们。这样才能确保我们为他们找到通向成功的道路，不管是在学业上还是以后的生活中。
我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作，但我热爱我所做的事情。当老师意味着，当孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时，你有机会走进他们的内心。作为老师，如果我所做的可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我做的是值得的。正如著名教育家约翰·杜威所说：“教育不是为生活做准备，教育就是生活本身。”

Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．用完，耗尽 ________________
2．抛锚 ________________
3．破门而入 ________________
4．可以进入 ________________
5．确保 ________________
6．竖立；建立，创立 ________________
7．撞见某人在做某事 ________________
8．过去经常，曾经 ________________
9．一双，一对 ________________
10．作报告 ________________
11．缺乏自信 ________________
12．出发；使爆炸；动身 ________________
13．投入(倒)……于某物 ________________
14．初次，第一次 ________________
15．合计达，总计达 ________________

Ⅱ.练句子：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...
【仿句】我见到他的第一天，他正在实验室里专心致志地做项目。
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2．【例句】I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into my class.
【仿句】他恰好在包裹到之前去美国了。
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________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
【仿句】但愿我能得到一个学习德语的好机会。
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________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
【仿句】但有一个问题是很少有人能长期坚持节食。
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________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】I suppose I was a bit lazy, especially in maths.
【仿句】认为她在说谎完全没有道理。
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Ⅲ.单词拼写
1．For students, preparing for gaokao is a difficult but ________ (值得的) challenge that will shape their future.
2．Tourists should keep in mind that they are representing their motherland while abroad, so they need to be cautious about their ________ (行为)．
3．Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are ________ (切实可行的)．
4．________ (缺乏) of sleep may cause anger and poor memory.
5．When someone p________ tea for you, lightly knock your two fingers on the table and say “thank you”．

Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．Ms Wu hasn't fully recovered, has she? If only she ________ (follow) the doctor's advice!
2．Considerable evidence has been found over the years ________ lack of exercise is connected with increased risk of cancer.
3．News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken ________ with no agreement reached.
4．The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access ________ the digital resources of the library.
5．A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth ________ (visit)．
6．Anyone caught ________ (throw) waste paper on the ground will be punished.
7．The soldier said it was worthwhile ________ (give) up his rest time to save more people caught in the earthquake.
8．The Chinese people traditionally set ________ firecrackers during the Spring Festival, in the belief that this helps scare off the monster named Nian and brings good fortune.
9．After that I poured oil ________ a pan and turned on the stove.
10．Marry used to ________ (eat) out every day, but now she is used to ________ (cook) at home.

Ⅴ.根据汉语完成句子
1．由于准备不足，我面试失败了。要是再给我一次机会就好了！
I failed the interview for lack of preparation. ________________________！ (if only)
2．只有双方都接受这个协议，该地区才能实现长久的和平。
Only if both sides accept the agreement ________________________. (establish)
3．一到岛上，他们就迫不及待地要去探索这个未知的世界。
________________________， they couldn't wait to explore the unknown world. (as soon as)
4．我们是一个大家庭，所以春节要买很多东西。通常，账单总计可达5 000元。
We are a large family so there are lots of things to buy for the Spring Festival. Usually, ________________________. (add)
5．当首次见到某人时，我们中很多人会根据他或她的行为和行动来判断其个性或兴趣。
________________________， many of us make quick judgments about his or her personality or interests based on how he or she acts.

Ⅵ.课文语法填空
Graham wasn't very good at most school subjects at school. He was a bit lazy, 1.________ (especial) in maths. Science was a subject full of strange words to him. He 2.________ (find) it all so boring and difficult. He had no idea 3.________ hydrogen was, and he didn't really want to know, either!
But he changed after he met Mr Jenkins. Mr Jenkins made everything 4.________ (interest). He used to explain things which seemed difficult with practical 5.________ (example) and in simple language. Graham got interested. He loved science and did well in science! Now Graham has turned into a successful adult and Mr Jenkins has read a couple of 6.________ (he) books and seen him on TV.
According to Mr Jenkins, there's no such thing as a good or a bad student. Everyone is good at something and it's important 7.________ (find) out what that is for each student. Teachers should spend more time 8.________ (make) friends with students so as to understand them and find a path to success, both at school and in later life, for every student. The thing about being 9.________ teacher is that you have access 10.________ children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. As John Dewey, the famous educationalist, said, “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”

Part Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Teachers
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．educationalist　2.worthwhile　3.access　4.drag
5．behaviour　6.presentation　7.lack　8.pour　9.rocket　10.practical
Ⅱ.
1．educationalists　2.worthwhile　3.access　4.dragged
5．behaviour　6.presentation　7.lack　8.poured　9.rockets
10．practical
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词
1．①pour into　②pour out　③一些化工厂为了方便，将废水排入河流，造成了严重的水污染。　④我在黑暗中迷了路，更糟糕的是，下起了倾盆大雨。
2．①lacking　②of　③in　④lacks　⑤is lacking in
3．①to　②with　③at　④presentation　⑤我认为在当前的经济环境下，我们不应该扩展业务。　⑥在场的工人立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。
4．①strangely　②behaving　③behaviour　④These badlybehaved children are really a headache to me.
5．①accessible　②to　③学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
④搭梯子可以进入阁楼。
6．①to be taught　②of　③being bought　④to visit/visiting
⑤visiting　⑥worth　⑦worthwhile　⑧worthy　⑨worth　⑩worthwhile　⑪seeing　⑫to be seen或of being seen　⑬to see　⑭seeing
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①additional　②in addition to　③add up　④Add up
⑤add happiness and value to
2．①off　②up　③down　④aside　⑤out　⑥back　⑦about
3．①be　②to produce　③living
►第三版块：典型句式
1．①had afforded　②were　③would not have found
④If only I hadn't said
2．①would/could go　②had been　③lived　④I remembered her address　⑤I had seen her off at the station　⑥he would come
3．①made him her secretary　②makes me more confident
③made all of us laugh　④work　⑤heard　⑥healthy
⑦to do
4．①what　②whether/how　③whoever　④that　⑤what
5．①that　②when　③have spoken　④had seen　⑤删除when　⑥在rising后加for
6．①thinking　②working　③quarreling　④repaired
⑤playing　⑥kncoking　⑦waiting　⑧cheating
⑨删除to　⑩singing→sing
7．①don't go out　②not educative　③Not all the students are for the rule.　④All the students are not for the rule.　⑤Both (of) his sisters don't agree to his suggestion.
⑥Not both of his sisters agree to his suggestion.
8．①to concentrate　②It　③for　④it　⑤of
9．①What　②What　③What　④What　⑤That→What　⑥what→which　⑦which→what　⑧删除what you say后的it
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．run out of　2.break down　3.break into　4.have access to
5．make sure　6.set up　7.catch sb. doing sth.　8.used to　9.a couple of　10.give a presentation to　11.lack confidence in　12.set off　13.pour into　14.for the first time　15.add up to
Ⅱ.
1．The first day I met him, he was burying himself in his project in the lab.
2．He had left for the United States just before the parcel arrived.
3．If only I could have a good chance to study German.
4．But one problem is that few people can stick to a diet for long.
5．There is no reason to suppose she's lying.
Ⅲ.
1．worthwhile　2.behaviour　3.practical　4.Lack　5.pours
Ⅳ.
1．had followed　2.that　3.down　4.to　5.visiting　6.throwing　7.giving/to give　8.off　9.into　10.eat　cooking
Ⅴ.
1．If only I had another chance　2.can a lasting peace be established in this region　3.As soon as they arrived on the island　4.the bill can add up to 5,000 yuan　5.When meeting someone for the first time
Ⅵ.
1．especially　考查副词。空处表示“尤其，特别”，应用副词especially。
2．found　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处讲的是Graham上学时的事，发生在过去，应用一般过去时。
3．what　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，在从句中作表语，表示“什么”，应用what。
4．interesting　考查形容词。此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，应用形容词interesting，表示“有趣的，有吸引力的”。
5．examples　考查名词的数。example在此表示“例子”，为可数名词，其前没有限定词，故应用其复数形式。
6．his　考查代词。空处作限定词修饰books，应用形容词性物主代词。
7．to find　考查非谓语动词。此处是“It is＋adj.＋不定式”句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。
8．making　考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。
9．a　考查冠词。此处表示作为一名老师，表示泛指，且teacher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词。
10．to　考查介词。have access to sth.表示“有接近某物的机会”。