新教材2023版高中英语Unit3ConservationPartⅥ单元语法专题__限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句学案北师大版选择性必修第一册

Part Ⅵ　单元语法专题——限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

定语从句体系构建图

语法精讲

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

在复合句中用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一名词或代词而起定语作用的从句叫定语从句；定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。按照关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的密切程度，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。

一、定语从句的关系词

1．关系词在定语从句中的作用：①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

2．关系词的分类：①关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；②关系副词when, where, why等。

3．引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when。

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

②If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution ________ suits everyone.

③We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

④By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world ________ I am now a new character.

⑤There are several reasons ________ school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart.

⑥Dr. Rowan, ________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1．作用不同

限制性定语从句用于修饰先行词，具有限制作用，使先行词的含义更具体、更明确，因此不可缺少，否则主句的意思就不完整或将失去意义。非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充性的说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整、清楚。

❶People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.经常进行体育锻炼的人更长寿。(若把定语从句去掉，句子意义不完整)(限制性定语从句)

❷His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在深圳，下星期回家。(若把定语从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)(非限制性定语从句)

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①Later, he worked in Africa, ________ many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.

②Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food ________ is provided by Mom with appreciation.

2．形式不同

限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号和主句隔开。

❶The book that/which you borrowed last week is really moving.上周你借的那本书真令人感动。

❷This is an important present, which I received yesterday.这是一件重要的礼物，我是昨天收到它的。

3．先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个主句或其中一部分。

❶This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是the best novel)

❷He changed his mind，which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(非限制性定语从句，which指整个主句)

[即学即练3]　单句语法填空

①You can be the one ________ directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor.

②She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.

③Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ________ he gave it to his grandson.

4．关系词的使用情况不同

(1)that，why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，而要用which代替that, for which代替why。

❶他通过了考试，这使他的老师感到欣慰。

【误】He passed the exam, that made his teacher relieved.

【正】He passed the exam, which made his teacher relieved.

❷I have told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party.我已经告诉他们我没参加聚会的原因了。

(2)关系代词替代情况不同

①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who/that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who/that代替。

❶This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)

❷The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.那个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的好印象。(非限制性定语从句)

②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用who，that或whom；但在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。

她有一个弟弟，是一名医生。

【误】She has a younger brother，that is a doctor.

【正】She has a younger brother, who is a doctor.

[即学即练4]　单句语法填空

①When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating out Miller King, ________ was the best player at our school.

②When walking down the  street, I came across David, ________ I hadn't seen for years.

(3)关系代词省略情况不同

关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句中的所有关系代词均不可省略。

❶This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前看过的一部好电影。(限制性定语从句)

❷The summer holiday, which we have been looking forward to, is drawing near.我们一直盼望着的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)

5．翻译顺序不同

含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，即将从句放在先行词前译；而非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个并列分句。

❶Lucy has an elder brother who works in a hospital.露西有一个在医院工作的哥哥。(限制性定语从句)

❷Lucy has an elder brother, who works in a hospital.露西有一个哥哥，他在医院工作。(非限制性定语从句)

语法专练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句)

1．Is he the man ________ wants to see you?

2．They rushed over to help the man ________ car had broken down.

3．The package ________ you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

4．Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.

5．He is the very man ________ helped the girl out of the water.

6．He talked about the teachers and the school ________ he visited.

7．We don't know the reason ________ he didn't show up.

8．There comes a time ________ you have to make a choice.

9．This novel, ________ I have read three times, is very touching.

10．________ everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.

11．They arrived at a farm house, in front of ________ sat a small boy.

12．There are a lot of students here, none of ________ like the film.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, ________ allowed me to keep my high social status.

2．Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, ________ are covered with thick grass.

3．I have a good command of English and Chinese, ________ is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.

4．I'm Li Hua, an outgoing boy, ________ is studying in London.

5．Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.

6．They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

7．“It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demerit, ________ company provided the statistics for the report.

8．They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among ________ I soon found myself.

9．There was a time ________ people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.

10．While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations ________ can arise.

Ⅲ.单句写作

1．昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2．我有一本封面是红色的故事书。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3．她永远忘不了她结婚的那一天。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4．那就是我迟到的原因。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5．我有两个姐妹，她们都是老师。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6．众所周知，吸烟有害健康。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part Ⅵ　单元语法专题——限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

语法精讲

[即学即练1]

①who/that　句意：它们被它们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰their masters，先行词指人，且从句中缺少主语。故填关系代词who/that。

②which/that　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a solution，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that。

③when　句意：我们进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词an age，且空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。

④where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词world，且空处在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。

⑤why　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词several reasons，且空处在从句中作原因状语，故用关系副词why。

⑥whose　分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，secretary与Dr. Rowan之间为所属关系，故填whose。

[即学即练2]

①where　句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句句子结构完整，故用关系副词，先行词为Africa，表示地点，故此处用where。

②that　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为the food，且被all修饰，故定语从句要用that引导。

[即学即练3]

①who　分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，先行词指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。

②which　句意：她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“She and her family bicycle to work”这件事，且空处在从句中作主语，故填which。

③when　句意：史密斯先生拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它给了他的孙子。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the early 1990s，指时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。

[即学即练4]

①who　句意：我13岁时唯一的目标就是成为我们足球队的明星。这就意味着要击败MillerKing，他是我们学校最好的球员。分析句子结构可知，“________ was the best player at our school”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Miller King，指人，且从句中缺少主语，故填who。

②whom　分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，先行词为David，指人，故空处用关系代词whom。

语法专练

Ⅰ.

1．who/that　2.whose　3.which/that　4.that　5.that

6．that　7.why　8.when　9.which　10.As　11.which　12.whom

Ⅱ.

1．which　2.which　3.which　4.who　5.which　6.who/that　7.whose　8.whom　9.when　10.which/that

Ⅲ.

1．Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lose his way.

2．I have a storybook whose cover is red./I have a storybook, the cover of which is red./I have a storybook, of which the cover is red.

3．She will never forget the day when (＝on which) she got married.

4．That is the reason why/for which I was late.

5．I have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.

6．As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health.