高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案

Section Ⅱ　Using language

1.beyond prep.无法……；超出(某个数量、水平或限度)；晚于，迟于　adv.在更远处，往更远处

(教材原句)Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.

在未来的80年里，3D打印可能会让我们的生活发生翻天覆地的变化。

❶The beauty of the West Lake is beyond description.

西湖的美丽简直无法形容。

❷The problem was quite beyond him.他根本无法理解这个问题。

❸I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that.我知道我未来三周要做什么，但再往后我还没有想过。

❹Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.

斯诺登山和更远的山脉都被积雪覆盖着。

[归纳探究]

beyond recognition    认不出来，面目全非

beyond description    无法形容

beyond repair    无法修理

beyond belief    无法相信

beyond compare    无与伦比

beyond one's wildest dreams    某人做梦也想不到

beyond one's reach    在某人够不着的地方

[即学即练]　完成句子

①The town centre had changed __________________________ (认不出来).

②The whole problem was hard to solve. It __________________________ (他无法理解).

③他的成功令人难以置信，因为他的对手非常有经验。

His success was ________________________ since his competitor was so experienced.

④她在昨天音乐会上的表演无与伦比。

Her performance at yesterday's concert was ________________________．

2.significant adj.重要的，影响深远的

❶The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.

你应该牢记的最重要的事情是，如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。

❷Most people attach great significance to education.大多数人重视教育。

❸The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering from heart problems.

这种新药的发现对患有心脏病的人具有重要意义。

❹They performed significantly better in all the other tests.

他们在所有其他的测试中明显表现得更好。

[归纳探究]

(1)a significant achievement    重大成就

a highly significant discovery    有重大意义的发现

play a significant role in    在……中发挥重要作用

It is significant that...    ……很重要。

be significant＝be of significance    重要的

(2)attach (great/little) significance to    认为……(很/几乎不)重要

be of (great/no/little) significance to...    对……(很/不/几乎不)重要

[一句多译]　我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有着重要的意义。

In my view, practicing handwriting is very significant to the students' growth.

＝In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance to the students' growth.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the ________ (significant) of it.

②Learning strategies，________ which the teachers attach significance, haven't drawn enough attention of students.

③The new drug has great ________ (significant) for the treatment of the disease.

④The plan to be carried out is ________ great significance to people's life there.

3.injure v．使受伤，弄伤

(教材原句)And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!

而且不仅仅是人类受益——在巴西，人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印的龟壳！

❶The main thing is to attend to the injured.首要任务是照顾伤者。

❷Don't do that. You will do yourself an injury.

别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。

❸Too much smoking will injure the voice.吸烟太多会损害嗓音。

[归纳探究]

injure sb./sth./oneself    使某人/某物受伤

injure one's pride/feelings    伤害某人的自尊/情感

be badly/seriously injured    严重受伤

the injured    受伤的人

do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.    伤害某人

[单词积累]　injured adj.受伤的　　injury n．伤害；损害

An injured man was taken to the hospital, where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him.一个受伤的人被送到了医院，在那里医生发现他的头部和胳膊都受到了严重的伤害，他们很疑惑是谁伤害了他。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The ________ (injure) was quite painful and I couldn't move my arm for a month—I hated that.

②The woman ________ (injure) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.

③A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles ________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.

4.accurate adj.准确的；精确的；逼真的

(教材原句)He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar.

他还研制了一种和公历一样精确的历法。

❶Her report of what happened was accurate in every detail of the facts.她对发生的情况的报道在事实的每项细节方面都准确无误。

❷He can speak English fluently and accurately.他能准确流利地说英语。

❸While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the accuracy.在解决问题的时候，你应该多注意准确性。

[归纳探究]

be accurate in    在……方面准确

an accurate account/aim    准确的叙述/目标

to be accurate    精确地说

[联想拓展]

与accurate意义相近的词：

correct adj.正确的　exact adj.准确的　right adj.正确的

[单词积累]　

accurately adv.精确地，准确地

accuracy n．准确，精确

[即学即练]　完成句子

①精确地说，有205名记者参会了。

________________，205 reporters attended the meeting.

②我们希望在预测地震方面变得更加精确。

We hope to become ________ predicting the earthquakes.

③需要核实这些数据的准确性。

There is a need to check the ____________ of these figures.

5.cure vt.治愈；治好　n．疗法，治疗

(教材原句)Currently, there's no cure for Alzheimer's,  but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.

目前，还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善患有这种疾病的人的生活质量的方法。

❶To my satisfaction, this medicine cured me of my cold.

让我感到满意的是，这种药治好了我的感冒。

❷Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.

父母努力纠正孩子的不良习惯。

❸The government is trying to seek a good cure for unemployment.

政府正在努力寻找解决失业的好办法。

[归纳探究]

(1)cure sb.of sth.    治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为

(2)a cure for sth.    某疾病的治疗方法

There is no cure for...    没有办法治愈……

[易错辨析]　

cure强调“治愈”(结果)。treat强调“治疗”(过程)。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Although this medicine can cure you ________ your illness, it has a bad effect on you.

②Empathy can be a cure ________ loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

③With the help of my parents and teachers, I ________ (cure) myself of some bad learning habits and made progress in my study.

熟记下列重要短语

①to date    迄今，到目前为止

②due to    由于，归因于

③for instance    例如

④name...after...    以……的名字命名

⑤field research    实地研究

⑥make an advance towards    在……方面取得进展

⑦the majority of    大多数

⑧be recognized as    被认为是

⑨along with    与……一道；

与……一起

现在完成时的被动语态

一、语法现象感知

①I haven't seen much of him recently/lately.

②He has already obtained a scholarship.

③Have they found the missing child yet?

④The watch has just been cleaned and repaired (by them).

⑤The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.

⑥The report has been written by him for two days.

⑦The experiment has been done successfully.

二、语法规则理解

1．①②③句为________时的________语态。现在完成时的主动语态的基本构成为________。

2．④⑤⑥⑦句为现在完成时的________语态，现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成为________。

3．在现在完成时“have/has done”结构中，当主语是第________人称单数时，用has，其他情况则用have。

4．根据④⑤⑥⑦句可得出结论：一般而言，当句子的主语与谓语动词构成________关系时，往往用被动语态形式。

5．在①②③句中，由于句子的主语与谓语动词之间构成________关系，故采用现在完成时的主动语态。

6．根据以上句子可得知，常与现在完成时搭配的时间状语有______________________，另外，______________________也是现在完成时的时间标志。

微点拨　（1）现在完成时的基本含义：①过去发生的动作对现在造成一定的影响。②过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成。

（2）常与现在完成时搭配的时间状语有since， so far， in the past/last few years， lately， recently， up to now/until now等。

（3）现在完成时的被动语态的构成：have/has been done。

现在完成时的被动语态

主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或一个动作从过去一直延续到现在但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。现在完成时的被动语态结构是“主语＋has/have＋been＋过去分词”。

❶How long has the machine been used?

这台机器使用有多久了？

❷The dirty clothes have been washed.

脏衣服都已经洗了。

一、现在完成时的被动语态的含义

1．动作已经完成(发生)，强调对现在造成的影响或结果；动作从过去一直延续到现在。

2．主语与谓语动词之间为被动/动宾关系。

❶Our classroom has been cleaned. You needn't clean it now.

我们的教室已经打扫过了，你现在没必要再打扫了。

❷These flowers have been watered. You can go home now.

这些花已经被浇过水了，你现在可以回家了。

二、现在完成时的被动语态的几种常规用法

1．用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。

His bike has been stolen.

他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的)

2．用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。

Not a book in the library has been taken away.

图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指)

3．用于动作的执行者不是人时。

The house has been washed away by the storm.

那栋房子已经被暴风雨冲走了。

微点拨　现在完成时的标志词：“for＋一段时间”，since， already， ever， yet， so far， up to/until now， in the last/past few years/days/minutes/ months等。

三、现在完成时的被动语态的否定和疑问句式

1．现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“主语＋ have/has＋not＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。

The car has not been repaired.

这辆汽车还没有修好。

2．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have/Has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。

—Has her work been finished?

——她的工作完成了吗？

—Yes，it has.

——是的，完成了。

—Have the cars been repaired?

——这些汽车修好了吗？

—No，they haven't.

——不，还没有。

3．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“特殊疑问词＋ have/has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他成分”构成。

❶How long has her work been finished?

她的工作完成多久了？

❷Who has been helped by the new computer?

谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？

❸How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少个新单词？

四、现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。

2．注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，不强调对现在的影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。

❶The house was built last year.

这房子是去年建造的。

❷The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。

3．由finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow，join，marry，open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，若与这些时间状语连用，需要改换动词或时态。

译：这本书买了多久了？

误：How long has this book been bought?

正：When was this book bought？/How long have you had the book?

注意：但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。

No books have been bought since last week.

自上周以来，没有人来买过书。

4．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。

The orphan has been well looked after.

这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．More than 100 famous films ________________ (show) in the city since July.

2．Since your work ________________ (finish), you can have a rest now.

3．How many cars ________________ (produce) in the factory since 1990?

4．Three new schools ________________ (open) in our city in the past five years.

5．It's the first time that the computer ____________ (check) since I bought it.

6．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.

7．—We want to sit at the table near the window.

—I'm sorry, but it ________________ (take) already.

8．It's said that the bridge ________________ (close) for repairs for months.

9．Our classroom ________________ (clean), you needn't clean it now.

10．Up to now, I ____________ (finish) two-thirds of the work.

Ⅱ.短语填空

pay attention to, as...as, name after, due to, along with，be regarded as, the number of, for instance, cure...of...，beyond recognition

1．These data are not ____________ accurate ____________ those taken from the field research.

2．OntheOriginofSpecies explains changes in species ____________ natural selection.

3．The painting ____________ one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.

4．____________ the language that describes careers as astronomer, chemist and biologist.

5．Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed ____________ by 3D printing.

6．____________ families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.

7．Phillimore Island ____________ its discoverer, Sir Robert Phillimore.

8．I was prepared to go ____________ whatever the majority decided.

9．These jobs are more dangerous than truck driving, ____________， training lions.

10．To be frank, if you don't stop smoking you cannot ____________ the disease.

Ⅲ.将下列句子变为被动语态

1．Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.

→________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2．The programmer has programmed the robots to act just like human beings.

→________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3．They have put the computer into a robot.

→________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4．We have already finished the work.

→________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5．He has given the child some interesting books.

→________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6．Have they returned the book yet?

→________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7．The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.

→________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Ⅳ.完成句子

1．他已被挑选出来参加运动会。

He ________________ to take part in the sports meeting.

2．桥的建造还没有完成。

The construction of the bridge ____________________________．

3．问题还没有解决。

The problem ____________________  yet.

4．很抱歉，但这些信件还没有被打印出来。

I'm sorry, but the letters ________________ yet.

5．这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时。

The plan ____________________ for nearly two hours.

6．去度带薪假的时间和地点尚未决定。

When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____________________ yet.

7．这些男孩们多次被告知不要在那个湖里游泳。

The boys ________________ many times not to swim in that lake.

8．在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。

You shouldn't leave school before your homework ________________________________．

9．在新技术的帮助下，在过去的几年里越来越多的新物质被发现。

With the help of new technology, more and more new substances ____________________ in the past years.

Section Ⅱ　Using language

要点精研·探究学习

1．①beyond recognition　②was beyond him　③beyond belief

④beyond compare

2．①significance　②to　③significance　④of

3．①injury　②injured　③was injured

4．①To be accurate　②more accurate in/at　③accuracy

5．①of　②for　③cured

语法新知·对接课堂

二、

1．现在完成；主动；have/has done　2.被动；have/has been done　3.三　4.动宾　5.主动/主谓　6.recently, lately, yet, for nearly two weeks/for two days; since, so far, up to now, until now, in the past/last few years/days/minutes等

课时达标·随堂自测

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．have been shown　2.has been finished　3.have been produced　4.have been opened　5.has been checked

6．have taken　7.has been taken　8.has been closed

9．has been cleaned　10.have finished

Ⅱ.短语填空

1．as；as　2.due to　3.is regarded as　4.Pay attention to

5．beyond recognition　6.The number of　7.is named after　8.along with　9.for instance　10.be cured of

Ⅲ.将下列句子变为被动语态

1．Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.

2．The robots have been programmed to act just like human beings by the programmer.

3．The computer has been put into a robot by them.

4．The work has already been finished by us.

5．The child has been given some interesting books by him./Some interesting books have been given to the child by him.

6．Has the book been returned by them yet?

7．The bridges have been damaged by the typhoon because of its strong wind.

Ⅳ.完成句子

1．has been selected　2.has not been finished　3.has not been solved　4.have not been typed　5.has been discussed　6.has not been decided　7.have been told　8.has been finished

9．have been discovered