初中英语2024届中考复习前缀后缀汇总
展开中考英语前后缀汇总
一、前缀
前缀用在词根前面以改变词的意义，一般不改变词性。
1.否定前缀
un-
unhappy, unusual, unfair, unlike, unfriendly, uncomfortable, uncrowded, uneasy, unexpected, unlucky, unbelievable, unable， unforgettable。
im-
impolite, impossible。
in-
inexpensive, incorrect, informal
dis-
dislike, disappointed, discover, discourage, dishonest, disappear, disbelief, disadvantage, disabled。
ir-
irregular
2.其它前缀
re-(表示再，又）
review, recycle, return, reuse, reusable, research
inter-(表示在……之间，相互）
interview, internet, international
under-（表示低于）
underwear, underground
bi-（表示两）
bicycle
I don’t feel happy也可以说成I feel unhappy。
unlike是介词，dislike是动词，在使用时必须注意。
另外，含有否定前缀的词用在反义疑问句中，后面简短的一般疑问句照样要用否定的，如:
1.That’s impossible, isn’t it?
2.He feels unlucky, doesn’t he?
二、后缀
后缀用在词根后面以改变词性。
1.动词变成名词
在一个动词后面加上某一个后缀，使之变为名词。
①动词+er/or/ist/ress（表示动作的执行者）
+er
teach-teacher, work-worker, read-reader, think-thinker, perform-performer, wait-waiter, sing-singer, play-player, cook-cooker, record-recorder, keep-keeper, listen-listener, farm-farmer, climb-climber, lead-leader, speak-speaker, report-reporter, clean-cleaner, help-helper
以e结尾的单词，+r
write-writer, drive-driver, dance-dancer, ride-rider, rule-ruler, manage-manager, make-maker
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母，元音发短音时，双写尾字母，再+er
run-runner, win-winner, travel-travel(l)er
+or
visit-visitor, act-actor, invent-inventor, compete-competitor, translate-translator, direct-director
+ist
tour-tourist
+ress
wait-waitress, act-actress
②动词+tion
act-action, suggest-suggestion, communicate-communication, invite-invitation, pollute-pollution, compete-competition, predict-prediction, invent-invention, prepare-preparation, protect-protection, celebrate-celebration, direct-direction, educate-education, examine-examination, inspire-inspiration, introduce-introduction, produce-production, graduate-graduation, pronounce-pronunciation
③动词+ing
draw-drawing, paint-painting, build-building,say-saying ,cross-crossing, happen-happening, end-ending, mean-meaning, feel-feeling, begin-beginning, open-opening
④动词+ment
agree-agreement, disagree-disagreement, develop-development, improve-improvement, encourage-encouragement, punish-punishment, achieve-achievement, manage-management
⑤动词+ance
appear-appearance, disappear-disappearance
⑥动词+sion
express-expression, discuss-discussion, decide-decision
在句子中，如果作主语、宾语、表语，就要把动词改为名词。
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空：
1.He is a basketball_______(play).
2.Thank you for your_________(invite).
3.The teacher is pleased with his ________(improve)in English.
2.名词变成形容词
在一个名词后面加上某一个后缀，使之变为形容词。
①名词+ful
thank-thankful, help-helpful, care-careful, use-useful, hope-hopeful, beauty-beautiful, wonder-wonderful, pain-painful, harm-harmful, success-successful, truth-truthful
②名词+less
help-helpless, hope-hopeless, use-useless, care-careless, harm-harmless
③名词+y
rain-rainy, wind-windy, snow-snowy, sun-sunny, fog-foggy, ice-icy, health-healthy, luck-lucky, noise-noisy, sleep-sleepy, thirst-thirsty, hunger-hungry
④名词+ly
week-weekly, love-lovely, friend-friendly, live-lively
⑤名词+al
person-personal, music-musical, tradition-traditional, center-central, nature-natural, culture-cultural, digit-digital, accident-accidental, education-educational, profession-professional, nation-national, medicine-medical, environment-environmental
⑥名词+ous
danger-dangerous, humor-humorous, fame-famous, mystery-mysterious
⑦名词+ern
east-eastern, west-western, south-southern, north-northern, southeast-southeastern
⑧名词+en
wood-wooden, wool-woolen, gold-golden
⑨名词+ish
fool-foolish, self-selfish
⑩名词以ce结尾，把ce改为t
silence-silent, patience-patient, confidence-confident, importance-important, convenience-convenient
在句子中，如果作表语、定语或宾补时，很可能要把名词变成形容词。
1.Look after yourself and keep _____ (health).
2.They are talking about _____ (healthy) problem.
3.You should eat _____ (health) food.
4.Playing basketball keeps me_____(health).
5.We should do more sport and eat______(health).
3.动词变成形容词
动词的现在分词、过去分词可作形容词，或在动词后加上某些后缀也可变成形容词。
①动词+ing（即现在分词）
move-moving, care-caring, understand-understanding, burn-burning, freeze-freezing, fascinate-fascinating, embarrass-embarrassing, surprise-surprising, bore-boring, tire-tiring, excite-exciting, interest-interesting, disappoint-disappointing, frighten-frightening, boil-boiling
②动词+ed（即过去分词）
move-moved, burn-burned（或burnt）, freeze-frozen, embarrass-embarrassed, disappoint-disappointed, surprise-surprised, bore-bored, tire-tired, worry-worried, excite-excited, interest-interested, frighten-frightened, boil-boiled
③动词+able
understand-understandable, forget-forgettable, enjoy-enjoyable, comfort-comfortable, value-valuable, believe-believable
动词和形容词在句子中的作用不同，在使用时要根据实际情况作出变化，当然也要区分现在分词与过去分词所作的形容词，现在分词表示主动或正在进行，多数形容事物；过去分词表示被动或已经完成，多数形容人。如；
1.I am _____ (bore) with the _____ (bore) job.
2.He found the news______(excite).
3.Only when something is lost do we find it______(value).
4.形容词变成副词
除了一些形容词、副词同形的词，如early/late/fast/high/far/hard等以外，大多数形容词后面加上ly变成副词，不过有些要作改变，注意不同的变化情况。
①careful-carefully, real-really, wide-widely, wise-wisely, polite-politely, loud-loudly, gradual-gradually, general-generally, most-mostly, cheap-cheaply, special-specially, certain-certainly, sudden-suddenly, recent-recently, different-differently, complete-completely, beautiful-beautifully, total-totally, slow-slowly, quick-quickly
②happy-happily, easy-easily, heavy-heavily, angry-angrily, lucky-luckily, healthy-healthily, noisy-noisily
③simple-simply, gentle-gently, possible-possibly, probable-probably, comfortable-comfortably, terrible-terribly
④true-truly
形容词作表语、定语、宾补，而副词作状语。
1.That thing made（使） me happy.（形容词作宾补）
2.They are making（制作） cards happily.（副词作状语）
3.We live a happy life.（形容词作定语）
4.She seems very happy.(形容词作表语）
5.形容词变成名词
形容词后面加上后缀ness/th/ity等可变回名词。
①good-goodness, kind-kindness, ill-illness, sick-sickness, sad-sadness, shy-shyness, fair-fairness, busy-business, careful-carefulness, careless-carelessness
②warm-warmth, long-length, wide-width, true-truth, young-youth
③able-ability, active-activity, creative-creativity, popular-popularity
形容词和名词作用不同，在使用时要多加注意。
1.This time he failed the exam because of his _____ .
A.care B.carefulness C.careless D.carelessness
2.She helped to look after a/an _____ man.
A.ill B.sick C.illness D.sickness
