英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature备课课件ppt

这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature备课课件ppt，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了Grammar，Summary，Practice，break down，is home to，scientific，habitats，ecosystem，appearance，primitive等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1 It was a yung man wh had left medical schl withut cmpleting his degree.2 What’s mre, he had recently received a letter frm his father.3 After Darwin had spent sme time in Suth America, his rm n the ship was crwded with samples f the plants and animals he had cllected.4 At that time, peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time and had nt changed since.5 Darwin suspected that the finches had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr, ... 6 Many peple refused t believe that living things, including humans, had evlved frm lwer frms f life.
Past perfect
1. In sentence (a), which actin happened first, “suspected” r “evlved frm a cmmn ancestr”?2. In sentence (b), which actin happened first, “refused t believe” r “evlved frm lwer frms f life”?3. What des the structure had dne indicate?
Activity 1. Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.
In sentence (a), “evlved frm a cmmn ancestr” happened first.
In sentence (b), “evlved frm lwer frms f life” happened first.
It indicates the actin happened befre a certain past actin.
Using language
In each sentence, bth the tw actins happened in the past, Actin B happened first, Actin A happened later. In this situatin, past perfect is used t describe Actin B and simple past is used t describe Actin A.
Nw lk fr mre sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage, and summarise its use in yur wn wrds.
After Darwin had spent sme time in Suth America, his rm n the ship was crwded with samples f the plants and animals he had cllected.At that time, peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time,and had nt changed since.It seemed their beaks had evlved accrding t what fd was available n that particular
The past perfect is a verb tense which is used t shw that an actin tk place nce r many times befre anther actin / pint in the past.
The past perfect is frmed using had + past participle. Questins are indicated by inverting the subject and had. Negatives are made with had nt.Statement: Yu had studied English befre yu mved t New Yrk.Questin: Had yu studied English befre yu mved t New Yrk?Negative: Yu had nt studied English befre yu mved t New Yrk.
What is past perfect tense?
Past perfect
frm:functin:过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：
过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态，也可以说是“过去的过去”。
The past perfect expresses the idea that smething ccurred befre anther actin in the past. It can als shw that smething happened befre a specific time in the past.
past perfect
simple past
Use 1 Cmpleted Actin Befre Smething in the Past
1. I ____________ (nt see) such a beautiful beach befre I went t Kauai.2. I did nt have any mney because I ________ (lse) my wallet.3. Tny knew Istanbul s well because he ___________ (visit) the city several times.4. ______ Susan _______ (study) Thai befre she mved t Thailand?5. She nly understd the mvie because she _________ (read) the bk.6. Kristine _____________ (never be) t an pera befre last night.7. We were nt able t get a htel rm because we ______________ (nt bk) in advance.8. A: _______ yu ever _______ (visit) the U.S. befre yur trip in 2006? B: Yes, I ____________ t the U.S. nce befre.
hadn’t seen
had visited
had never been
hadn’t bked
With nn-cntinuus verbs (simple past), we use the past perfect t shw that smething started in the past and cntinued up until anther actin (nn-cntinuus verbs) in the past.
simple past(nn-cntinuus)
past perfect duratin
Use 2 Duratin Befre Smething in the Past (Nn-Cntinuus Verbs)
1. We had had that car fr ten years befre it brke dwn.2. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in Lndn fr ver eight years.3. They felt bad abut selling the huse because they had wned it fr mre than frty years.
nn-cntinuus verb
The wrds “live”, “wrk”, “teach”, and “study” are smetimes used in this way even thugh they are NOT nn-cntinuus verbs.
Adverbs such as always, nly, never, ever, still and just are usually placed between had and past participle.Examples:Yu had previusly studied English befre yu mved t New Yrk.Had yu previusly studied English befre yu mved t New Yrk?
Active vice: had + past participlePassive vice: had + been + past participleExamples: Gerge had repaired many cars befre he received his mechanic’s license. (Active)Many cars had been repaired by Gerge befre he received his mechanic’s license. (Passive)
1. a. Natural disasters led t fd shrtages in the 1960s. b. Yuan Lngping began t d research n hybrid rice. c. Yuan Lngping develped a better type f rice.
Yuan Lngping _____________ t d research n hybrid rice because natural disasters ______________ fd shrtages in the 1960s. In the end, he ____________ a better type f rice.
Activity 2. Cmplete the paragraphs with the infrmatin frm the given sentences. The sentences are in the rder in which they happened. They can help yu decide the use f tenses.
Yuan LngpingYuan Lngping was brn in Beijing in 1930. After he graduated frm university in the early 1950s, he dedicated himself t the research f agriculture.Yuan had the idea t create a new breed f rice in the 1960s. Since then, he has wrked tirelessly t research and develp a better rice breed. In 1973 he and his cllabratrs managed t cultivate a hybrid rice species that was superir t many thers. This species prduced 20 per cent mre rice per plant than the cmmnly grwn varieties. Fr his achievements and cntributins, Yuan is knwn as the “father f hybrid rice” and was awarded the Medal f the Republic in 2019.
2. a. Gregr Mendel chse t study pea plants because their characteristics were easy t cntrl. b. Gregr Mendel made imprtant discveries abut genetics. c. Gregr Mendel died in 1884.
Gregr Mendel ___________ study pea plants because their characteristics were easy t cntrl. By the time f his death in 1884, he ________ imprtant discveries abut genetics.
Gregr MendelGregr Mendel (1822-1884) was an influential btanist. Mendel wrked ut the basic principles f heredity by experimenting with plants. In 1866, he published his findings, shwing hw invisible “factrs” (nw knwn as genes) are respnsible fr predictable visible traits. As a result f his wrk, he became knwn as the “father f mdern genetics”.
cmpetedeclineeatliveintrducearrive
Lnesme GergeLnesme Gerge was the last Pinta Island trtise. He died in 2012. After Gerge’s death, the Pinta Island trtise was declared extinct. The extinctin f the Pinta Island trtise is blamed n humans. Befre humans __________ n the island, the species ___________in islatin and ___________ the plants that naturally grew there. Gerge was discvered many years after their arrival, and by then humans ______________ new species that _________ fr the fd the trtises ate. After gats in particular had been brught t the island, the Pinta Island trtise ppulatin ____________. Eventually, nly Gerge remained.
had intrduced
Activity 3. Cmplete the nline encyclpedia entry with the crrect frm f the wrds in the bx.
Lk fr mre sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage, and summarise its use in yur wn wrds.
1. It was a yung man wh _______ medical schl withut cmpleting his degree. What’s mre, he ___________________ a letter frm his father predicting that he wuld be “a disgrace t yurself and all yur family”.
had recently received
2. After Darwin _________ sme time in Suth America, his rm n theship was crwded with samples f the plants and animals he _____________.
had cllected
3. At that time, peple believed that all species ____________ n Earth at the same time, and _______________ since.
had appeared
had nt changed
4. It seemed their beaks __________ accrding t what fd was available n that particular island.
①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。
②表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有by then, by the end f, by the time。
③当与hpe, want, expect, intend, plan等词连用，表示过去未曾实现的愿望和想法。
④hardly…when…/n sner…than…句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
1过去完成时的构成和用法构成：had+动词的过去分词---用法：（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用by，befre等构成的短语及when, befre, after, by the time等引导的状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。By the end f last year，we had prduced 20,000 cable cars.到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆缆车。The barber had shaved himself befre attending yesterday's wedding.理发师在参加昨天的婚礼前剃了胡子。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与fr, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。The wrker said he had wrked fr the emplyer since last year.这个工人说他从去年开始就为雇主工作。（3）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用had hped/planned/meant/intended/thught/wanted/expected等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即" have dne"。I had planned t cme, but I was prevented by the bad weather.我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。
2 常用过去完成时的句式（1）It/This/That was the first/secnd…time that sb. had dne sth.这/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事。（2）表示"一"的, n 句式中，含hardly/scarcely, n sner的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly, scarcely, n sner置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。（3）虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句和wish/wuld rather/nly if后的从句中用过去完成时。
3过去完成时与其他时态的区别（1）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。“时间名词+ befre”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词+ ag”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。（2）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。
◆单句语法填空（1）By the end f last year, he 　 　　　 　（cllect）mre than 10 freign recrds. （2）I 　　　　 　（finish）my hmewrk befre I had supper. （3）Jhn and Jane 　　　　 　（knw）each ther fr a lng time befre they gt married. （4）He said that great changes 　　　　 　（take） place in his hmetwn since 1990. （5）It was six and he was tired because he 　　　　 　 （wrk）since the day brke. （6）When the plice fund him, the criminal 　　　　 　（be） in the cave fr nearly a mnth. （7）They 　　　　 　（want）t help but culdn’t get there in time. （8）He 　　　　 　（hpe）t catch the 8:00 bus, but he fund it gne. ◆完成句子（9）When he reached the nearby shp, it 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　（已经关门了）. （10）I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 （原本想做一个蛋糕）, but I ran ut f time. （11）They 　　 　　 　　　 （原本计划休息）in the café, but smething unexpected happened.
had planned t have a rest
had finished
had wanted
had already been clsed
had intended t make a cake
◆单句语法填空（1）This was the secnd time that the musician 　　　　 　（tur）Eurpe. （2）The audience had hardly been seated 　　　　 　 the saxphne sl started. （3）If he 　　　　 　（take）yur advice, he wuld have passed the driving test. （4）I wuld rather yu 　　　　 　（be）here yesterday. ◆句型转换 （5）I had n sner finished the wrk than the light went ut. = 　　　 　　　　 　　　 （） = 　 　　　　 　　　　 　（倒装句）
I had hardly finished the wrk when the light went ut.
N sner had I finished the wrk than the light went ut.
◆单句语法填空（1）My friend Andrew 　　　　 　（live）in a freign cuntry fr many years befre he returned t England. （2）He nce 　　　　 　（wrk）as a lecturer， but nw he is a manager. （3）His brther 　　　　 　（be）the cnductr f the rchestra fr many years. （4）He 　　 　　 　（learn）maths all by himself by the age f furteen. ◆完成句子（5）Andrew 　　　　　　　　 　（犯了一个大错误）because he had thught f everything except the weather. （6）I didn’t knw a thing abut the verbs, fr I 　　　　 　　　（没有好好学我的功课）.◆翻译句子（7）他们5 点钟已经完成了他们的作业。______________________________________________（8）他们是5 点钟完成的作业。 ______________________________________________
had learned
made a big mistake
had nt studied my lessn well
They had finished their hmewrk at five ’clck.
They finished their hmewrk at five ’clck.
Listening & speaking
1. Bidiversity is imprtant.2. Bacteria are always harmful t humans.3. Sme species f bacteria are used in fd prductin.4. Many species f bacteria recycle dead rganic matter.5. Our immune systems are able t fight ff all germs.
Listen t the pdcast and chse the statements that are made.(P54)
Listen again and cmplete the fact sheet.
Cells• Every living thing is 1______________. They are like 2______________________________.• In the human bdy there are abut 3_____________ human cells and arund 4________________bacteria cells.Bacteria• Mst bacteria in the human bdy can 5_________________.• In the fd prductin prcess, bacteria can 6__________ dead rganic matter.
help with digestin
thirty-nine trillin
thirty trillin
bricks that are used t build huses
made up f cells
Check the answers
D yu knw abut…? Have yu heard f…?
By the way, …Actually, …In fact, …Speaking f which, …
Adding infrmatin
Cmplete the bxes with the expressins frm the pdcast.(P54)
Checking backgrund knwledge
1. What species are mentined and what is special abut them?2. What ther unusual life frms d yu knw f?
Read the passage and answer the questins.
2. What ther unusual life frms d yu knw f？
Tw species are mentined: the blue whale and the water bear.
1. What species are mentined and what is special abut them?
The blue whale is the largest animal species n Earth, which can grw up t almst 30 metres in length and weigh ver 130,000 kils.
Vcabulary building
Cmplete the paragraphs with the crrect frm f the wrds and expressins in the bx.(P55)
The Galapags Islands are renwned wrldwide fr their unique bidiversity. The Giant Trtise Reserve n Santa Cruz 1_________ several species f giant trtise that 2___________ the Galapags Islands. The island is als hme t the Charles Darwin Research Statin, where 3________ studies are carried ut.
ancestr scientific be native t primitivehabitat appearance be hme t ecsystem
are native t
Mangrves are ne f the castal plants that grw n Isabela. They serve as the 4________ fr varius birds and fish, and are very imprtant t the 5_________.
Iguanas can be fund n San Cristbal. They have a very special 6__________,with cmb-like spines n the back. There is evidence that all the different iguanas have develped frm mre 7_________ nes and share a cmmn 8________.
Wrk in pairs.
Lk at the pictures f the species native t different regins f China. Talk abut bidiversity in China using the wrds and expressins in this sectin. D nline research t find mre infrmatin.
Smart expressins
宣布……灭绝 这种乌龟的灭绝归咎于人类。到那时为止尤其，特别对……有害抵抗病菌因为……而举世闻名是……的家园/栖息地原产于
declare … extinctThe extinctin f the trtise is blamed n humans.by thenin particularbe harmful t …fight ff germs be renwned wrldwide fr …be hme t …be native t …