高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案及答案

2019新人教必修1Unit4Natural Disasters

Period3 Language Points

学习目标

1.Master the usage of such important words and expressions as ruin,shock,trap,bury,effort,as if,etc.;learn to express yourself by using them.

2.Learn the method of constructing knowledge trees through self-study &cooperative exploration.

3.Enjoy the fun of expressing yourself in English and participate in class with passion.

课堂探究

1.【教材原句】For several days,the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.

一连几天,村里的井水升升降降,起起伏伏。

【单词】rise vi.升起 过去式　　　　　 过去分词　　　　　 

◎观察思考

The sun rises in the east.

太阳从东边升。

He raised his hand to answer the question.

他举手要回答问题。

◎归纳总结

rise与 raise:

rise vi.上升　无被动,也可指价格上涨,水平面上升。

raise vt.举起,抚养,筹集

区分两者的关键是看有没有宾语,有宾语用　　　　　。 

☞即学活用

选词填空(rise,raise)

(1)Price　　　　　every day in this country. 

(2)She　　　　　 her voice so that she could be heard. 

(3)Money will be 　　　　　to help the poor children. 

2.【教材原句】Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能吃东西,狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。 

【句型】too...to...　　　　 

◎观察思考

We had intended to take a two-day trip,but we were too busy to afford it.

我们本打算去旅游两天,但是太忙了,抽不出时间。

He is too young to join the army.

他年龄太小,不能参军。

◎归纳总结

在too...to...句型中,too的后面接　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,to的后面接　　　　　　　。 

◎联系拓展

(1)too后面接happy,ready,easy,glad,willing,surprised,eager等表示情感态度的词时,too相当于very,意为“非常”。为加强语气,too 前面可以加上“but,all,just,only,simply”等词修饰。例如:I’m (just) too glad to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。

(2)与表示否定意义的词如never,not,can’t等连用时,构成双重否定,表示肯定意义。例如:You can’t be too careful to cross the road.过马路时,你越小心越好。

☞即学活用

翻译句子。

(1)这房子太小了,容纳不了这么多人。

(2)知道这个真相,我太震惊了。

3.【教材原句】It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 

仿佛世界末日即将来临!

【句型】It seems as if...　　　　　　　　 

【词块】come to an end 　　　 

◎观察思考

Hurry up!It looks as if the train is going to move.

快点!看起来火车要开了。

They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.

他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它们不存在似的。

It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?

打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的?

He opens his mouth as if he would say something.

他张开嘴好像要说些什么。

◎归纳总结

(1)as if (= as though)“仿佛;好像”,可用来引导表语从句。

(2)as if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时,从句谓语常用虚拟语气。

　　◎联系拓展

与end有关的短语:

in the end最后

at the end of在……尽头

put an end to使……终止

ended up with...以……告终

☞即学活用

(1)He treats me as if I　　　　　(be) his own daughter. 

(2)They talked as if/though they 　　　　　(be) friends for years. 

(3)It seems　　　　　(噪音似乎是从楼下传来的). 

4.【教材原句】Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. 

在城市正下方的11千米处,20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了,远在150多千米以外的北京都遭受了这场地震的破坏。

【句型】...a quake that...中that引导　　　　　,指代先行词　　　　　,在从句中作　　　　　。 

【词块】one of the most deadly earthquakes 　　　　 

【单词】damage n.　　　　 

◎观察思考

China is one of the largest countries in the world.

中国是世界上最大的国家之一。

Lion King is one of the most popular cartoons around the world.

《狮子王》是全球最受欢迎的卡通片之一。

◎归纳总结

“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“　　　　　”。 

☞即学活用

戴口罩是预防感染的最有效的方法之一。

5.【教材原句】In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins. 

在不到一分钟的时间里,一座大城市沦为废墟。

【词块】lie in ruins　　　　 

【单词】ruin n.废墟;遗迹(常用复数) vt.毁坏

◎观察思考

We visited the ruins of a Norman castle.

我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。

A telephone call ruined his day.

一个电话破坏了他一天的好心情。

Their plan came to ruins.

他们的计划落空了。

◎归纳总结

come to ruins 　　　　 

◎联系拓展

ruin one’s hope　　　　 

ruin one’s health　　　　 

ruin oneself　　　　 

辨析:ruin,destroy,damage

ruin一般是指对物体或生命的彻底破坏,也常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。

destroy表示彻底摧毁,使之无法复原,也表示粉碎希望或计划。名词形式为destruction。

damage指对物体或生命的局部损伤,造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。do/cause damage to...对……造成损害。

☞即学活用

(ruin,destroy,damage)

(1)The works of art 　　　　　in the earthquake. 

(2)His hands were 　　　　　because of long exposure in the cold. 

(3)You will 　　　　　the chance of the job if you wear that shirt to the interview. 

6.【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 

在地震中丧生或重伤的人数超过40万。

【句型】who引导　　　　　,指代先行词　　　　　。 

【词块】the number of...　　　　　;be badly injured　　　　　 

◎观察思考

The number of college graduates in a country reflects its cultural standard.

一个国家大学毕业生的数量反映出这个国家的文化水平。

A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.

我的家乡建立了许多新工厂。

　　◎归纳总结

☞即学活用

Ⅰ.选词填空(a number of,the number of)

(1)　　　　　　students were absent from the meeting. 

(2)As a consequence,　　　　　polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller. 

Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空

(3)The number of undergraduates 　　　　　　(increase) over the years. 

(4)A good number of books in the market　　　　　(be) still examination-oriented (以考试为中心的). 

7.【教材原句】People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again. 

人们都很震惊,然后那天下午晚些时候,唐山又发生了一次大地震。

【词块】in shock　　　　 

◎观察思考

The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is shocked at it very much.

他突然死亡的消息如此令人吃惊,以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。

I was shocked to hear that our factory would have to be forced to close.

听说我们的工厂将被迫关闭,我非常震惊。

◎归纳总结

(1)be shocked at　　　　　　　 

(2)be shocked to do sth.　　　　　　　 

(3)shocked adj.　　　　　　　 

(4)shocking adj.　　　　　　　 

☞即学活用

完成下面小语段。

People (1)　　　　　that the UFO was flying over the city.The (2)　　　　　news (3)　　　　　all the people around,which was also a great shock to people all over the country.人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物正在这座城市的上空飞行。这个让人震惊的消息震惊了周围的人们,也震惊了全国各地的人们。 

8.【教材原句】Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来,并掩埋死者。

【单词】trap vt.　　　　　 n.险境;陷阱　　　　　 

bury vt.　　　　 

◎观察思考

When travelling they were trapped in the mountain,waiting to be rescued.

旅行时,他们被困在了山里,等待救援。

We trapped him into telling the truth.

我们设圈套使他讲出实情。

If you choose this way,you’re likely to fall into a trap.

如果你选择这条路,你很有可能会落入圈套。

She buried her face in her hands and wept.

她掩面而泣。

Since his wife left,he’s burying himself in his work.

自从妻子离开以后,他一直埋头于工作。

Buried in his study,he didn’t know that all the others had left.

他埋头学习,不知道其他人都早已离开了。

◎归纳总结

(1)be trapped in　　　　　　　 

trap sb.into (doing) sth.　　　　　　　 

fall into a trap　　　　　　　 

(2)bury...in...　　　　　　　 

be buried in.../bury oneself in...　　　　　　　 

☞即学活用

Ⅰ.完成句子

(1)They　　　　　　　　(被困) here for three days. 

(2)That big boy always　　　　　　　　(哄骗其他孩子做事) for him. 

Ⅱ.一句多译

他专心致志地学习。

(3)　(bury oneself) 

(4)　(be buried in) 

由于埋头读书,他不知道外面下雨了。

(5)　　　　　,he didn’t know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语) 

(6)　　　　　,he didn’t know it was raining outside.(使用过去分词buried作状语) 

9.【教材原句】Slowly,the city began to breathe again.

慢慢地,这座城市又开始恢复了生机。

【单词】breathe v.　　　　　　breath n.　　　　　 

◎观察思考

He held his breath at the thrilling story.

他听着惊险故事屏住了呼吸。

By the time I got to the top of the hill,I was quite out of breath.

等我爬到山顶的时候,已经是上气不接下气了。

Her lips parted as if she were about to take a deep breath.

她张开嘴,好像要深呼吸。

　　The story is full of surprises which cause the reader to catch his breath.

这个故事充满了惊险情节,使读者紧张得透不过气来。

◎归纳总结

(1)hold one’s breath　　　　 

(2)out of breath 　　　　 

(3)take a deep breath=breathe deeply　　　　 

(4)catch one’s breath　　　　 

☞即学活用

翻译句子

(1)空气非常寒冷,我们难以呼吸。

(2)宣读结果时,他屏住了呼吸。

(3)仅仅五分钟之后我们便气喘吁吁了。

10.【教材原句】With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 

在政府的大力支持和唐山人民的不懈努力下,一座新的唐山在废墟中建立起来。

【单词】effort n.　　　　 

◎观察思考

He is making an effort to catch up with others in study.

他在学习上正在努力赶上别人。

Let’s start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day,every hour,and every minute!

让我们马上开始,不遗余力地每天每时每分做一点!

She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort.

她深吸一口气,费力地慢慢坐起身来。

It will take a lot of time and efforts to master a foreign language.

掌握一门外语要花很多时间和精力。

◎归纳总结

(1)make an effort to do sth.　　　　 

(2)spare no effort to do sth.　　　　 

(3)with great effort 　　　　 

(4)It takes effort to do sth.　　　　 

◎联系拓展

effortless adj.不需要费力的;effortlessly adv.不需要费力地

☞即学活用

翻译句子

(1)The local clubs are making an effort to interest more young people.

(2)她好不容易才忍住了笑。

巩固提升

Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.A number of people　　　　　(be) learning English nowadays,and the number of people who are learning English　　　　　(be) increasing. 

2.Yao Ming is one of the most popular sports　　　　　(star) in China. 

Ⅱ.选短语填空

do damage to;(be) shocked at;(be) buried in;in ruins

1.This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be　　　　　. 

2.It is obvious that humans　　　　　 the nature over years. 

3.　　　　　the news,she couldn’t imagine what had just happened. 

4.　　　　　 the novel,I didn’t notice the teacher’s coming. 

Ⅲ.翻译句子

1.The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.

2.When we feel angry,we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead.

3.好像她已经永远地离开了。

4.我们此刻被困在大雪中。

核心素养专练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.A great number of　　　　　(survive) managed to get into the shelters. 

2.She is too poor　　　　　 go to college. 

3.He 　　　　　(raise) in a village where he spent his childhood. 

Ⅱ.选短语填空

make an effort;as if;suffer from;do damage to;rescue...from

1.The storm didn’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　crops. 

2.Firefighters　　　　　 a child 　　　　　a burning building yesterday evening. 

3.It seemed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the building were going down! 

4.So I 　　　　　　　　　　　　to be on time when I met my friends. 

5.Some were found alive,though they were 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　terrible injuries. 

Ⅲ.用所给的提示词翻译句子

1.做深呼吸对身体有益。(breathe)

2.地震给这所房子造成了严重的损坏。(cause damage to sb./sth.)

3.写这篇文章的时候,我依然心有余悸。(in shock)

4.有些工人被困在废墟中。(be trapped in...

Ⅳ.运用想象力,用以下列出的本节重点表达写一篇小短文,题材不限

ruin;shock;bury;effort;breath;It seems as if;a number of;one of...;too...to...

参考答案

　　课堂探究

Suggested answers:

1.【单词】rise 过去式 rose 过去分词 risen

◎归纳总结

区分两者的关键是看有没有宾语,有宾语用 raise

选词填空(1)rises　(2)raised　(3)raised

2.【句型】too...to...太……而不能……

◎归纳总结

在too...to...句型中,too的后面接形容词或副词的原级,to的后面接动词原形

☞即学活用

(1)The house is too small to hold so many people.

(2)I am too shocked to know the truth.

3.【句型】It seems as if...看上去仿佛……

【词块】come to an end结束

◎归纳总结

　　☞即学活用

(1)were　(2)had been　(3)as if the noise comes from downstairs

4.【句型】...a quake that...中that引导定语从句,指代先行词a quake,在从句中作主语 

【词块】one of the most deadly earthquakes 最严重的一场地震之一

【单词】damage n.损害,损失

◎归纳总结

“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。

☞即学活用

Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from getting infected.

5.【词块】lie in ruins 沦为废墟

◎归纳总结

come to ruins 毁灭

◎联系拓展

ruin one’s hope 使某人的希望破灭

ruin one’s health 损害某人的健康

ruin oneself 自我毁灭

☞即学活用

(1)were destroyed　(2)damaged　(3)ruin

6.【句型】who引导定语从句,指代先行词people。

【词块】the number of...……的数目;be badly injured 受伤严重

◎归纳总结

　　☞即学活用

Ⅰ.(1)A number of　(2)the number of　Ⅱ.(3)has increased　(4)are

7.【词块】in shock 震惊

◎归纳总结

(1)be shocked at对……吃惊

(2)be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊

(3)shocked adj.“感到震惊的”,表示人的心理状态和心理感受

(4)shocking adj.“令人震惊的”,说明事物的性质、特征、特点等

☞即学活用

(1)were shocked　(2)shocking　(3)shocked

8.【单词】trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱

bury vt.埋葬,安葬

◎归纳总结

(1)be trapped in 困在……中;陷在……中

trap sb.into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事

fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱

(2)bury...in... 把……埋到……里

be buried in.../bury oneself in...埋头于;专心于;沉浸于

　　☞即学活用

(1)have been trapped

(2)traps other children into doing things

(3)He buries/buried himself in his study.

(4)He is/was buried in his study.

(5)Burying himself in the book

(6)Buried in the book

9.【单词】breathe v.呼吸　breath n.呼吸

◎归纳总结

(1)hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸

(2)out of breath 气喘吁吁,上气不接下气

(3)take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸

(4)catch one’s breath 喘口气

☞即学活用

(1)The air was so cold,and we could hardly breathe.

(2)He held his breath while the results were read out.

(3)We were out of breath after only five minutes.

10.【单词】effort n.努力

◎归纳总结

(1)make an effort to do sth.努力做某事

(2)spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事

(3)with great effort 努力

(4)It takes effort to do sth.做某事需要努力

☞即学活用

(1)地方俱乐部正在努力吸引更多的年轻人。

(2)With great effort she managed to stop herself laughing.

巩固提升

Ⅰ.1.are;is　2.stars

Ⅱ.1.in ruins　2.have done damage to　3.Shocked at

4.Buried in

Ⅲ.1.公司为节省资金遣散了150名工人。

2.当我们感到愤怒时,压抑这种情绪反而会觉得内疚。

3.It seemed as if she’d been gone forever.

4.We are trapped in the heavy snow at the moment.

核心素养专练

Ⅰ.1.survivors　2.to　3.was raised

Ⅱ.1.do damage to　2.rescued ;from　3.as if

4.made an effort　5.suffering from

Ⅲ.1.It’s good for the body to breathe deeply.

2.The earthquake caused serious damage to the house.

3.I was still in shock when I wrote this article.

4.Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins.

Ⅳ.I spared no effort to study English.It seems as if my hard work was in vain and my confidence was ruined!Shocked at the low grades,I couldn’t help burying my head in the test paper and cried.A number of new words were too difficult for me to remember.What was wrong?I got up,took a deep breath and analysed my problems.Like what a number of students did,I thought one of my solutions was that I should remember the words in the context.Then gradually I made progress.