高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement导学案

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language

每/日/金/句：I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man.I don't know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world. —Thomas Edison.我想揭示大自然的秘密， 用来造福人类。我认为， 在我们的短暂一生中， 最好的贡献莫过于此了。——托马斯·爱迪生

语言基础集释

探究新知　发展语言知识

1.(教材P4)Did you come to any conclusions?

你得出什么结论了吗？

◎conclusion n．结论；推论

(1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion    得出结论

in conclusion    总而言之

(2)conclude v.    结束；终止；推断出

conclude from...    从……中推断出

conclude sth. with sth. by doing sth.    以……结束……

to conclude     总之

[佳句]　In conclusion, only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.

总之， 只有成为聪明的在线学习者， 我们才能真正享受现代技术的好处。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①Judging from the above story, we can draw the  ________ (conclude) that we don't judge a man by/from his looks.

②He concluded his speech  ________ a famous saying“ Where there is a will, there is a way”．

[写美]——一句多译

我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。

③I ______________________________________ a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)

④I  __________________________________________ a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)

2．(教材P5)Her circumstances are beyond our control.

我们无法掌控她的状况。

◎circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况

in/under the circumstances

在这种情况下；既然如此

in/under no circumstances   

无论如何都不(位于句首时， 用部分倒装结构)

[佳句]　We can't take measures until we've known all the circumstances.

直到弄清了所有的情况， 我们才能采取措施。

[练通]——补全句子

①____________________ (在这种情况下) he felt unable to accept the job.

②________________________ (如果情况允许), I will spare no effort to help you.

[写美]——词汇升级/句式升级

③My teacher always reminds me that in no way should I give up my learning goals once I set them.

→My teacher always reminds me that __________________________________________________________________________________________ once I set them.

语法专项突破

非限制性定语从句

自主感知

①(教材P2)In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.

②(教材P3)This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.

③(教材P3)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.

④You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning.

⑤He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.

[发现]　(1)以上句子皆为 ________定语从句， 从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。

(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中(如句②), 前后用 ________隔开， 也可以置于主句之后(如句①③④⑤)。

(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词或名词短语(如句①②③④), 也可指代 ________的内容(如句⑤)。

语法规则

一、非限制性定语从句的特点

1．非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开， 是对先行词的附加说明， 即使去掉， 主句的意思仍然完整。

❶The children, who wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.

那些想旅行的孩子， 都因旅行的取消而感到失望。

❷That they will get married, which has not been announced, has spread around.

他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布， 却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。

2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词， 也可为整个句子或其中一部分， 且常译成与主句并列的句子。

❶We'll graduate in July, when we will be free. (先行词为名词)

我们将于七月份毕业， 到那时我们就自由了。

❷He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.(关系词指代整个主句的内容)

他经常上课迟到， 这使得他的老师很生气。

[巧学活用1]　单句语法填空

①In 1844 they bought it for $1, 200 and some land from Charles Dresser, ________ performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.

②I am glad to invite you to a music festival, ________ will take place in the music hall of our school.

③Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of  ________ has been proved.

④We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.

二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词

1．关系代词

①which指物， 在从句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语或表语；

②who/whom指人， who在从句中作主语， 而whom在从句中作宾语；

③as引导非限制性定语从句时， 指代主句的内容， 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；

④whose既可指人也可指物， 在从句中作定语。

❶Our country has sent up another man－made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.

报纸上报道， 我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

❷Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.

金先生的腿受了重伤， 他很快就被送去医院了。

2．关系副词

when指代时间， 在从句中充当时间状语， 可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点， 在从句中充当地点状语， 可与“介词＋which”互换。

❶I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home.

我星期日离开的， 当时人人都在家。

❷Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.

昨天， 他们出去在公园里野餐了， 在那里他们玩得很开心。

[名师点津]　(1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

(2)非限制性定语从句中， 不用why引导， 用for which代替why。

❸He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy.

他一整个假期都忙于工作， 这令他的女朋友很不高兴。

❹The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given.

他为何缺席会议， 没有给出理由。

[巧学活用2]　(用恰当的关系词填空)

①There was a man sick in bed, his wife, ________ took care of him and their little boy, could not go out to work.

②Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, ________ a conference was to be held.

③I am going to the airport to meet my uncle tomorrow morning, ________ he will be back from abroad.

④________ is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently.

⑤The newly-built cafe, ________ walls are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别

1．as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语， 这个定语从句说明整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之后， 也可以放在主句之前， 还可放在主句之中， 有“像……一样， 正如， 正像”的意思。

❶As we all know, he studies very hard.(as作宾语)

我们都知道他学习很用功。

❷As is known to all, he is the tallest student in our class.(as作主语)

众所周知， 他是我们班最高的学生。

❸Taiwan, as is known to all, is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语)

大家都知道， 台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。

2．which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容， 也可指代某个词或词组， 但是不能放于句首。

❶He was late for the meeting, which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)

他开会迟到了， 主席为此非常生气。

❷I want to buy the house, which has a garden.(which指代the house)

我想买这座房子， 它带有一个花园。

[巧学活用3]　选词填空(as/which)

①________ is known to all, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize twice for her scientific discoveries.

②Dorothy was always showing off her clothes, ________，  of course, made us a little annoyed.

③________ the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.

④The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.

四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

❶Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.

我们的向导， 一个法裔加拿大人， 擅长烹调。

❷They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing.

他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景， 在那里他们还爬了山。

❸The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village.

这部电影使我回想起在那个遥远的村庄里受到悉心照料的时光。

[巧学助记]　

定从分类有奥妙， 限与非限看逗号；

定前必有先行词， 名代两类最适宜；

定从先行很紧密， 代副两词拉关系。

[巧学活用4]　翻译句子

①我建议他们乘坐20路公交车， 它能直接把他们带到那里。

I advised them to take Bus No.20, ________________________________．

②据报道， 在我的家乡正建设的两所学校将于明年开学。

It is reported that two schools, __________________________________， will open next year.

③我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》， 这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。

I borrowed the book SherlockHolmes from the library last week, ________________________．

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language

Part 1

探究新知——发展语言知识

1．①conclusion　②with

③drew a conclusion from my own experiences that

④concluded from my own experiences that

2．①In/Under the circumstances

②If circumstances allow/permit

③under/in no circumstances should I give up my learning goals

Part 2

自主感知

(1)非限制性　(2)逗号　(3)整个主句

语法规则

巧学活用1　①who　②which　③which　④when

巧学活用2　①who　②where　③when　④As　⑤whose

巧学活用3　①As　②which　③As　④which

巧学活用4　①which could take them there directly

②both of which are being built in my hometown

③which my classmates recommended to me