人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 3 Fascinating Parks学案

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language

每/日/金/句：Some theme parks are not only amusing but also educational ones where you can have fun and learn something you haven't known. 有些主题公园不仅有趣而且具有教育意义，在那里你可以玩得很开心，还可以学到一些你未知的东西。

语言基础集释

探究新知　发展语言知识

1.(教材P28 )prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止

 (1)prohibit doing sth.    禁止做某事

prohibit sb. from doing sth.    禁止某人做某事

(2)prohibition n.    禁止；阻止；禁令

[佳句]　In order truly to do away with nuclear threat, it is necessary to completely prohibit and thoroughly destroy nuclear weapons.

要真正消除核威胁，必须全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①According to the rule, visitors ________ (prohibit) from feeding the animals.

②He hoped she would remove that ________ (prohibit) soon.

[写美]——应用文佳句

③The new rules ________________________________ like restaurants, hotels, railway stations and theatres.

这项新规定禁止在像餐厅、旅店、火车站和剧院这些地方吸烟。

2．(教材P29)It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad.

出国留学既有挑战性又有回报。

◎rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的

reward v.　　    奖励；奖赏；给以报酬

n.    奖励；回报；报酬

reward sb. for (doing) sth.    因(做)某事而奖励某人

in reward for    作为回报

as a reward (for...)    作为(对……的)奖赏

[佳句]　Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.

沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而有益的经历。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①His patience ________ (reward) when she received the Nobel Prize eventually.

②As far as I am concerned, I can't lay emphasis on the ________ (reward) and interesting fruit-picking activity too much.

[写美]——一句多译

我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。

③I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing ____________________．(reward n．)

④I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing ____________________．(reward vt.)

语法专项突破

动名词(短语)作主语

自主感知

①(教材P26)Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.

②(教材P26)For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.

③(教材P27)Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.

④Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry.

⑤It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.

⑥Sometimes, it is no good learning a theory without practice.

[发现]　(1)以上加黑部分是动名词形式，在句中作 ________。

(2)⑤⑥用________作形式主语，把真正主语后置。

语法规则

一、动词-ing形式作主语

1．动词-ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法

功能：动词-ing形式作主语时， 多表示经常性、习惯性的动作， 谓语动词多用单数形式。

❶Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.

浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。

❷Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.

大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。

❸Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.

散步对于年轻人和老年人来说都是一种好的锻炼方式。

[名师点津]　动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时， 谓语动词需用复数形式。

❹Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.

沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有意义的经历。

❺Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English.

听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。

2．形式主语it代替动名词(短语)作主语。

为保持句子结构前后平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把作主语的动名词(短语)后置。此类句式常见的有：

It's a waste of time doing sth.

浪费时间做某事

It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.

做某事没用/是值得的

It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth.

做某事没好处/没用/没意思

❶It's no use complaining without taking action.

不行动只抱怨是没有用的。

❷It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.

谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。

3．句型“There be no＋动名词(短语)”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词(短语)形式作主语。

❶There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse here.

不能否认这里的环境状况正在逐步恶化。

❷There is no joking about such matters.

这种事开不得玩笑。

[巧学活用1]　用所给动词的适当形式填空。

①It is no use  ________ (write) to him; he never answers letters.

②________ (catch) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.

③ ________ (play)computer games too much is bad for your eyes.

④________ (educate) in Beijing University is the dream of many students.

⑤________ (take)a walk after supper is good for your health.

二、动词-ing形式的否定形式

动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not, 带有逻辑主语时， not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。

Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.

不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。

Not having done his homework makes the teacher angry.

未完成他的作业让老师很生气。

三、动词-ing形式的复合结构

动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing, 即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：

①形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing

②名词所有格＋动词-ing

③代词宾格＋动词-ing

④名词＋动词-ing

❶Her coming to help encouraged all of us.

她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。

❷Mary's being ill made her mother upset.

玛丽病了， 这使她妈妈很着急。

[名师点津]　动词-ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时， 不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。

[巧学活用2]　补全句子

①________________ made his teacher very angry.

他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。

②__________________ caused so much trouble.

简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。

四、动词-ing形式的时态和语态

Sometimes being punished may be a good thing.

有时被惩罚可能是一件好事。

Having been given a toy car as a gift made the boy laugh.

那男孩收到一辆玩具汽车作为礼物， 笑了。

[巧学活用3]　补全句子

①____________________ for a long time does great harm to your skin.

暴露在阳光下太长时间会对你的皮肤造成极大伤害。

②____________________ is still embarrassing to him.

他被解雇了， 对此他仍然感到很难堪。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language

Part 1

探究新知——发展语言知识

1．①are prohibited　②prohibition　③prohibit smoking in places

2．①was rewarded　②rewarding　③in reward for your generous help　④to reward you for your generous help

Part 2

自主感知

(1)主语　(2)it

语法规则

巧学活用1　①writing　②Being caught　③Playing　④Being educated　⑤Taking

巧学活用2　①His being late again

②Jane's being careless

巧学活用3　①Being exposed in the sun

②Having been fired from his job