高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language学案，共15页。

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
主题语境
人与社会——跨文化沟通
背景导入：手语是聋人交流的主要形式， 已经使用了数百年。然而， 手势只是手语者用来表达意思的多种肢体语言中的一种，非手动元素对手语使用者的重要性你知道吗？


　　
Sign language, the primary① form of communication of the deaf community, has been in use for hundreds of years. You're probably most familiar with American Sign Language, but sign language is used all over the world and has nearly 150 variations②. Sign language interpreters③ can be seen everywhere from classrooms and graduation ceremonies④ to major sporting events.
When you think of sign language, you most likely imagine signers using their hands to form words and letters. However, hands are only one of the many different body language techniques that signers use to get their meaning across⑤. In fact, much of the grammatical structure of sign language is not indicated by the signer's hands.
While the hands are responsible for forming the words themselves, markers called “non-manual elements” control much of the languages' grammatical structure. Non-manual elements (or markers) are body language techniques that don't use the hands. These include head movements, body positioning and facial expressions. Used together with the signs, these elements give sign language a subtle⑥ and extremely complicated⑦ grammatical structure. Linguist Andrea Lackner from Alpcn-Adria University in Austria did a study that shows just how important these non-manual elements are to sign language users.
The study assessed just how many different things non-manual elements can do. For this study, all participants were deaf users of Austrian Sign Language. They watched a video of someone using sign language, and they had to describe the purpose of each non-manual element. The results were very complicated. For instance, things as subtle as the direction of the signer's gaze can indicate whether or not a statement is hypothetical (假设的). A single head movement can indicate the emotion of a statement, or a signer's feelings toward a hypothetical question. Body language is always important, but in sign language, it can change the entire meaning of a sentence！


①primary adj.主要的，首要的
②variation n．变化，变动
③interpreter n．口译者，译员
④graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
⑤get across 使……被理解
⑥subtle adj.敏锐的，有洞察力的；灵活的
⑦complicated adj.复杂的



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Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
每/日/金/句：The most universal facial expression is the smile.微笑是最普遍的面部表情。



课前预习设计
自读课文　疏通文脉大意
Task 1文本整体理解：理清文章架构
1．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Communication.
B．Spoken language.
C．Body language.
D．Different cultures.
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Para.1 ____　 　 A．The same gesture may have
different meanings in different countries.
Para.2 ____ B．Smiling has many different
uses.
Paras.3～4 ____ C．Body language varies from
culture to culture.
Para.5 ____ D．Both words and body language are of importance in interactions with others.
Para.6 ____ E．Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.


Task 2文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解
1.What can we know from paragraph 1?
A．Words speak louder than body language.
B．Body language is more useful than words.
C．People prefer to express their feelings in words.
D．Body language plays an important role in daily communication.
2．What is the purpose of the second paragraph?
A．To tell us how important body language is.
B．To show an identical gesture may have different meanings in different cultures.
C．To stop men and women making eye contact while talking.
D．To remind us to look down while talking to an older person to show respect.
3．How does the passage develop?
A．By giving examples.
B．By giving data.
C．By giving definition.
D．By analysing facts.
4．What will you do to express “I am full”？
A．Placing your hands together.
B．Placing your hands on the stomach.
C．Shaking your head.
D Moving your hand in circles over your stomach.


Task 3文本理解　续写佳句
1.细读第四段找出描述肢体语言的句子
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2．细读文章找出排比的句子
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精读课文　疏通理解障碍
[读文清障]
①interaction
/ˌIntər'ækʃn/n.交流；相互影响
②vary/'veəri/vi.
(根据情况)变化；改变
③appropriate
/ə'prəʊpriət/adj.合适的；恰当的
④by contrast 相比之下
⑤approve/ə'pruːv/
vi.赞成；同意　vt.批准；通过
⑥demonstrate
/'demənstreIt/vt.表现；表达；说明；证明
⑦gesture
/'dʒestʃə(r)/n.手势；姿势；姿态
⑧witness/'wItnəs/vt.当场看到；目击；见证　n．目击者；证人
⑨employ/Im'plɔI/vt.使用；应用；雇用
⑩identical
/aI'dentIkl/adj.相同的
⑪interpret
/In'tɜːprIt/vt.把……理解(解释)为
vi.&vt.口译
⑫differ/'dIfə(r)/vi.相异；不同于
⑬by comparison (与……)相比较
⑭Bulgaria
/bʌl'ɡeəriə/保加利亚(国家名)
⑮Albania/æl'beIniə/阿尔巴尼亚(国家名)
⑯cheek/tʃiːk/n.面颊；脸颊
⑰favour/'feIvə(r)/vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于　n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
⑱bow/baʊ/vi.鞠躬；点头　vt.低(头)；/bəʊ/n.弓；蝴蝶结
⑲waist/weIst/n.腰；腰部
⑳break down消除；分解；打破
㉑barrier/'bæriə(r)/n.隔阂；障碍

[原文呈现]
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions① with other people.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
Just like spoken language, body language varies② from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate③ to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast④， eye contact is not always approved⑤ of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. 1In Japan, it may demonstrate⑥ respect to look down when talking to an older person.
The gesture⑦ for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, someone who witnesses⑧ another person employing⑨ the gesture might think it means money.In France, a person encountering an identical⑩ gesture may interpret⑪ it as meaning zero.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ⑫ around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”. By comparison⑬， in Bulgaria⑭ and southern Albania⑮， the gestures have the opposite meaning. 2There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek⑯ when they meet.Elsewhere, people favour⑰ shaking hands, bowing⑱ from the waist⑲， or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down⑳barriers㉑.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.



[课文翻译]
倾听身体的诉说
在与他人交流时，我们既使用言语也通过身势语来表达我们的想法和观点。通过观察别人的身势语，我们可以了解很多他们的想法。言语固然重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情感。
就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。关键是使用身势语的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。例如，在有些国家，眼神交流——直视别人的眼睛——是表示兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，男性和女性不被允许在社交场合进行眼神交流。1.在日本，和年长的人讲话时，目光向下表示尊敬。
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，一个人看到另一个人用这个手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。但是在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。
甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的身势语，在世界各地也不同。在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这两种身势语的含义是相反的。2.差异还表现在我们彼此接触的方式，我们站着交谈时与谈话对象的距离，以及我们见面或告别时的行为。在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或者点头。
有些手势似乎在每个地方都有相同的含义。双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。用餐后轻轻用手在肚子上画圈是一种表示“我饱了”的好方式。
某些身势语有许多不同的用途。也许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以消除隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、跟某人打招呼、寻求帮助或者开始对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑来让自己更快乐、更坚强。而且当我们感到沮丧或孤独时，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。



自查语基　落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
根据语境写出正确的单词
1．________ respect 表示尊重
2．________ another person nodding 当场看到另一个人点头
3．an ________ gesture 相同的手势
4．________ it as meaning zero 把它解释为零
5．kiss sb. on the ________ 吻在某人的脸颊上
6．________ from the waist 弯身弓腰鞠躬
7．do me a ________ 帮帮忙
8．a natural ________ 一道天然屏障
9．a serious ________ 一起严重事件
10．take ________ action 采取适当措施
11．communicate entirely by ________ 完全用手势交流

Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据语境写出相应的派生词
1．①________ well 沟通良好
②social ________ 社交
2．①________ from culture to culture 因文化而异
②for various reasons 因各种各样的原因
③a ________ of reasons 各种各样的原因
3．①________ other gestures 使用其他手势
②a former ________ 一位以前的员工
③admire my ________ 欣赏我的雇主
4．①________ greatly in character 性格差异很大
②have ________ likes and dislikes 各有不同的好恶
③________ the difference between...and... 辨别……和……之间的区别
5．①burst into anger 勃然大怒
②be ________ with sb. 生某人的气
6．①a ________ guide 可信赖的向导
②________ on sb. 依靠某人
7．①________ the proposals 批准这些提议
②meet with your ________ 得到您的批准


构词规律
Ⅲ.根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
-able常用于动词之后构成形容词， 表示“属于， 倾向性”等。
rely v．→reliable adj. 可靠的； 可信赖的
move v．→________ adj. 可移动的
comfort v．→________ adj.安慰的

Ⅳ.重点短语
1．____________ 相比之下
2．____________ (与……)相比较
3．____________ 推理；推断
4．____________ 消除；分解；打破
5．____________ 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
6．____________ 在……到……之间变化
7．____________ 对……适合
8．____________ 通过；度过
9．____________ 理解，明白
10．____________ 吻某人的脸颊

Ⅴ.重点句型
1．[句型]the way是先行词，后跟省略that/in which的定语从句
[教材]Words are important, but ________________________， hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
言语重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。
2．句型：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
[教材]And if we are feeling down or lonely, ________________________ seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
3．句型：状语从句省略
[教材]In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down ________________________________．
在日本，与年长的人交谈时，目光向下表示尊敬。

Ⅵ.理清复杂句式
1．[教材]Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
[分析]

[翻译]___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．[教材]There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
[分析]

[翻译]___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．[教材]In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
[分析]

[翻译]___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________



课堂提升素养
探究新知　发展语言知识
1.(教材P38)Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
◎vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
(1)vary from...to... 由……到……不等
vary with... 随……而变化
vary in... 在……方面有变化
(2)variety n. 多样性
a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的
[佳句]　I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying from Chinese stories to English stories.
我非常喜欢读书，尤其是小说，无论是中文的还是英文的。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①As in China, the climate in Canada ________ (vary), depending on the area.
②By learning English, we can broaden our view and increase our knowledge in ________ (vary) fields.
③The researchers examined ________ (vary) levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
[写美]——应用文之推荐信
④文学社推荐了各种各样的好书，鼓励我们从阅读中获得乐趣。
The Literature Society ________________________________________________， encouraging us to get pleasure out of reading.

2．(教材P38)The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
最重要的是要以一种适合你所处的文化的方式来使用肢体语言。
◎appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的
(1)be appropriate for/to 　适合……
It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是合适的。
It is (not) appropriate that sb.(should) do sth.
某人做某事是(不)合适的。
(2)appropriately adv. 　适当地
[佳句]　She was so careless a woman that the tough job was not appropriate for her.
她是如此粗心的一个女子，所以那项艰苦的工作不适合她。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①It is appropriate that we ________ (start) a campaign to protect our environment.
②It's necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act ________ (appropriate) toward other people.
[写美]——词汇升级
③As for me, I don't think it is suitable for parents to quit their jobs in order to provide better conditions for their children.
→As for me, I don't think it is ________ for parents to quit their jobs in order to provide better conditions for their children.

3．(教材P38)In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相比之下，在其他国家，人们并不总是赞成目光接触。
◎by contrast 相比之下
in contrast to/with 　与……相比；与……不同/相反
[佳句]　She had almost failed in the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well.
她考试差点儿不及格，相比之下，她姐姐却考得很好。
[写美]——补全句子
①你看他们的新系统， 相比之下，我们的就显得太过时了。
When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned ________________．
②玛丽又矮又胖，与她又高又瘦的姐姐相形见绌。
Mary was short and fat, ________________ her sister who was tall and slim.
◎approve vi.赞成；同意　vt.批准；通过
(1)disapprove vt. 不赞成；不同意
(2)approval n. 赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准
meet with/earn one's approval 得到某人的赞许
give one's approval to sth. 批准/同意某事
[佳句]　Now that you have approved of my idea, I will introduce it to you in detail.
既然您赞成我的主意，我就详细地向您介绍一下。
[练通]——单句语法填空
③Luckily enough, my application to be a volunteer ________________ (approve)．
④We have made adjustments to our plan so that it can meet with your ________ (approve)．
[写美]——应用文写作
⑤我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。
I'm afraid your parents won't ________________________．

4．(教材P38)In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本，有人如果看到另一个人用这个手势，可能会认为这意味着钱。
◎witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证　n．目击者；证人；证据
(1)witness sth. 目击某事
witness to sth./doing sth. 作证，证明某事/做某事
(2)a witness to sth. 某事的证人
give witness to sth. 为某事作证；证明
[佳句]　His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Our city ________ (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
②The past ten years ________ (witness) the rapid development of China's economy.
[写美]——一句多译
我们所有人在茶室里玩得很开心。
③We all ________________________________ in the tea house.(have)
④The tea house ____________________________ for all of us.(witness vt.)

◎employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
(1)employ sb. as... 雇用某人作……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板
employee n. 雇工；雇员
employment n. 职业；工作
[佳句]　The boss employed a secretary to help him with his work.
老板雇来一位秘书来帮助他的工作。
[练通]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
⑤In other words, employing body language appropriately can help you break down barriers in communication.________
⑥My brother was employed in preparing for the coming exam and he didn't have time to enjoy the various activities.________
⑦The ________ of the company is ________ in training his ________ (employ).
[写美]——应用文之申请信
⑧一旦有幸被雇用，我将用最大的努力回报您的信任。
________________________________________________________________________,
I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.

5．(教材P38)Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
即使我们表示“是”和“不是”的手势在世界各地也不尽相同。
◎differ vi.相异；不同于
(1)differ from 与……不同/有区别
differ in 在……方面不同
differ with sb. on/about/over sth.
与某人在某事上持不同看法
(2)different adj. 不同的
be different from 与……不同
(3)difference n. 不同，差别
make a difference 有影响，有重要作用
[佳句]　It is obvious that the twins differ from each other in character.
很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①What I will choose differs ________ what you have suggested.
②There is no denying that customs differ ________ different countries.
③________ students ________ from each other in many aspects. But everyone can make a ________ to the school.(differ)
[写美]——应用文佳句
④你如何提升自己对你将来的生活有影响。
It is how you improve yourself that ________________________ your life in the future.

6．(教材P38)Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
◎favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于　n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
(1)do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
in favour of 赞成；主张
(2)favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的
[佳句]　The manager was surprised to learn that people present at the meeting were not in favour of the plan.
经理得知出席会议的人不支持他的计划很吃惊。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Opportunity ________ (favor) those with a curious mind.
②Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply ________ (favour) by customers.
[写美]——词汇升级
③We sincerely hope you can help us and guide us how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play.
→We sincerely hope you can ________________________ and guide us how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play.

7．(教材P39)A smile can break down barriers. 微笑可以打破障碍。
◎break down (机器)损坏；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉；(化学)分解
[练通]——写出下列句中break down的含义
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.________
②Your health will break down if you always stay up late.________
③The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, which made my dad in trouble.________
④Plastic bags are difficult to break down.________

8．(教材P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
◎句型公式：否定词与比较级连用表最高级含义
本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级的含义。表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构：
(1)否定词＋比较级，“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
(2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。
[佳句]　You can't attach too great importance to your child's receiving a good education.
你如何重视让孩子接受良好的教育都不为过。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a ________ (good) voice.
②It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was ________ (happy) than I was.
[写美]——句型转换
③She is the most hard-working student in her class.
→________________________________________________________________________

9．(教材P39)Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings, their body language or the words they speak?
哪一个能更可靠地帮助你了解一个人的感受，是他们的肢体语言还是他们所说的话？
◎reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
rely v. 信任，信赖；依赖，依靠
相信/信赖某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信/依赖……
[佳句]　She is a reliable girl. We get along well with each other all the time.
她是一个可靠的女孩。我们一直相处得很愉快。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①We are looking for someone who is ________ (rely) and hard-working.
②Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, which makes the children rely ________ their parents badly.
[写美]——一句多译
你可以相信当你在困难时我会帮助你。
③You can ________________________ when you are in trouble.
④You can ________________________ when you are in trouble.
⑤You can ________________________ when you are in trouble.













UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
Part 1
自读课文——疏通文脉大意
Task 1
1．C
2．Para.1：D　Para.2：C　Paras.3～4：A　Para.5：E　Para.6：B
Task 2
1．D　2.B　3.A　4.D
Task 3
1．①In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”．
②In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.
③Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
2．①There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
②A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers.
③ We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
自查语基——落实基本知能
Ⅰ.
1．demonstrate　2.witness　3.identical　4.interpret　5.cheek　6.bow　7.favour　8.barrier　9.incident　10.appropriate　11.gesture
Ⅱ.
1．interact; interaction
2．vary; variety
3．employ; employee; employer
4．differ; different; tell
5．angry
6．reliable; rely
7．approve; approval
Ⅲ.
movable; comfortable
Ⅳ.
1．by contrast　2.by comparison　3.make inferences　4.break down　5.straighten up　6.vary from...to...　7.be appropriate to　8.get through　9.figure out　10.kiss sb. on the cheek
Ⅴ.
1．the way people stand
2．there is nothing better than
3．when talking to an older person
Ⅵ.
1．话语是重要的，但是人们站立、抱肘和手做动作的方式仍然可以给我们信息来感知他们的感受。
2．我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象站立的距离以及我们见面或告别时的行为也存在差异。
3．在日本，一个人看到另一个人用这个手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。
Part 2
探究新知——发展语言知识
1．①varies　②various　③various
④recommended a variety of/varieties of/various good books
2．①(should) start　②appropriately　③appropriate
3．①by contrast　②in contrast to　③has been approved
④approval　⑤approve of your going there
4．①witnesses　②has witnessed
③had a really enjoyable time
④witnessed a really enjoyable time
⑤利用　⑥忙于(做)某事　⑦employer　employed　employees　⑧If I am lucky enough to be employed
5．①from　②in　③Different　differ　difference　④makes a difference to
6．①favors　②favoured　③do us a favor/give us a hand
7．①(谈判)失败　②(身体)垮掉　③(机器)损坏　④(化学)分解
8．①better　②happier
③No one is more hard-working than her in her class.
9．①reliable　②on　③rely on me to help you
④rely on it that I will help you
⑤rely on my helping you