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2022-2023学年江苏省南京师大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省南京师大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共33页。
2022-2023学年江苏省南京师大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷
第一部分 听力 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（1分）What sport does the man like best？
A.Skiing.
B.Ice skating.
C.Skateboarding.
2．（1分）What will the man probably do？
A.Have his car fixed.
B.Go shopping with Lisa.
C.Drive the woman to a park.
3．（1分）Where might the man be？
A.In a boat.
B.In a pool.
C.In a bathroom.
4．（1分）What might the man have done？
A.He quit the job at school.
B.He gave a class to the students.
C.He gave the woman an opportunity.
5．（1分）What is most important to the woman？
A.Her bank account.
B.Her happiness.
C.Her job.
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．（2分）（1）What is the conversation mainly about？
A.Research on coffee drinking.
B.Effects of sleeping habits.
C.Studies about a disease.
（2）When does the woman like to drink coffee？
A.In the afternoon.
B.In the evening.
C.In the morning.
7．（2分）（1）How much did the man pay for the taxi？
A.＄10.
B.＄20.
C.＄30.
（2）What does the man seem to be good at？
A.Getting to places on time.
B.Doing his work.
C.Finishing all of the food.
8．（3分）（1）What are the speakers discussing？
A.A travel plan.
B.A past camping trip.
C.A company activity.
（2）What happened to the speakers last year？
A.They moved to Italy.
B.They had an accident.
C.They lost some money in a forest.
（3）Where do the speakers decide to go in the end？
A.To the mountains.
B.To the seaside.
C.To the desert.
9．（4分）（1）What does the woman give the man first？
A.Her passport.
B.Her ticket.
C.Her name.
（2）Where does the woman ask to sit at first？
A.In first class.
B.By the washroom.
C.Near the walkway.
（3）What time is it now？
A.9：20.
B.9：30.
C.9：40.
（4）How does the woman feel in the end？
A.Regretful.
B.Grateful.
C.Confused.
10．（4分）（1）Why does Penang Toy Museum enter the Malaysian Book of Records？
A.It has the biggest toy in Malaysia.
B.It's the largest museum in Malaysia.
C.It's the first toy museum in Malaysia.
（2）When did the owner get his first toy？
A.In 1973.
B.In 2000.
C.In 2005.
（3）What do we know about the Gundam robot？
A.It's from Malaysia.
B.It's cheap and ordinary.
C.It's 180 centimeters tall.
（4）How many hours is the museum open on Saturday？
A.6.
B.9.
C.12.
第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
11．（7.5分） The International Voluntary Service runs a number of Youth Exchanges throughout the year.Youth Exchanges give small groups of 4﹣5 young people the opportunity to take part in volunteering trips abroad for an average of two weeks.These young people are joined by 4﹣5 young people from 2﹣3 other nationalities and are a wonderful intercultural experience in a safe environment.
Example Youth Exchanges：
Youth Exchange 1
Location：Ireland
Other nationalities：Spain，Italy，Hungary
Theme：Focuses on the topic of community reconstruction and community activities——exploring how local issues facing our communities are connected to global issues.The group will also take part in team﹣building activities.
Youth Exchange 2
Location：France
Other nationalities：Bulgaria，Italy
Theme：Organic gardening.This project will take place in a natural park，where the group will take part in gardening activities.
Youth Exchange 3
Location：Macedonia
Other nationalities：Serbia，Turkey，Ireland
Theme：Foster social inclusion and motivate personal development of young people through sports and outdoor activities.Promote outdoor activities as a tool to help inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities.
Youth Exchange4
Location：Italy
Other nationalities：Bulgaria，Greece
Theme：A social﹣environmental project that intends to promote social inclusion and continuous development，regarded as a process–of civil rights and active citizenship.Over 10 days，the group will participate in activities to raise awareness about the effect of our behavior on the environment.
（1）What do you focus on when travelling in France？
A.Gardening work.
B.Civil rights.
C.Developing social inclusion.
D.Rebuilding communities.
（2）If you are interested in protecting the environment，you can take part in .
A.Youth Exchange 1
B.Youth Exchange 2
C.Youth Exchange 3
D.Youth Exchange 4
（3）Which nationality are Youth Exchanges most popular with？
A.Spain.
B.Italy.
C.Ireland.
D.France.
12．（10分） Officials from Brazil's Indigenous （原住民） protection agency approached the hut in the middle of the Amazon rainforest.They were witnessing the first recorded dying out of an uncontacted tribe in the country's history.
The man lying there，the last member of his tribe had died and with him an entire culture and answers to a thousand questions.
Even his name was a mystery.He was known only as"the Man of the Hole"because of the dozens of holes he had dug over the years in his territory.His age，too，could only be guessed at.He appeared to be about 60，officials said.
It was a sad milestone for a country that in recent years has seen protections for Indigenous groups undermined by an administration that has prioritized（优先）development of the Amazon over conservation.
In Rondonia，the only resident of the 8，000﹣hectare area lived in complete isolation for at least 26 years after the rest of his group was killed by ranchers （农场主） advancing the agricultural frontier.
Brazil's Indigenous protection agency，Funai，made direct contact with the last surviving man only in 1996.Marcelo dos Santos，an Indigenous expert，said he was found～hiding in his hut."We tried to establish a conversation and offered corn and arrows，but he was terrified and very aggressive（具有攻击性）.From this moment on，we had to respect his isolation."
Even with protections in place，the territory suffered widespread deforestation up until about 13 years ago.Attacks on the last surviving man continued，as well，including one by armed gunmen in 2009，according to local news reports.
"For me，he was somehow incredible：to be able to survive on his own，not speak to anybody and avoid all contact maybe out of grief or determination，"said Fiona Watson，a research director at Survival International，a London﹣based rights organization.
（1）What did the death of"the Man of the Hole"suggest？
A.An uncontacted tribe went extinct.
B.An entire culture would be recorded.
C.The secrets around him would be unearthed.
D.The protection agency was unwilling to rescue him.
（2）The underlined word"undermined"in para.4 is closest in meaning to" ".
A.strengthened
B.monitored
C.sought
D.weakened
（3）What happened to"the Man of the Hole"in 1996？
A.He made the protection agency's approach a failure.
B.He witnessed the most severe deforestation in history.
C.He escaped being shot by a group of aggressive gunmen.
D.He learned more survival skills with arrows offered by Funai.
（4）What did Fiona Watson regard"the Man of the Hole"as？
A.A mystery.
B.An evolution.
C.A wonder.
D.A fortune.
13．（10分） A report from the UN warns that，countries' current commitments would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030，far less than the 45% cut，which scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to 1.5℃，the aim of the COP26 summit.
Antonio Guterres，the UN secretary﹣general，described the findings as a "thundering wake﹣up call"to world leaders，while experts called for action against fossil fuel companies.
Although more than 100 countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid﹣century，this would not be enough to avoid climate disasters，according to the UN emissions report，which examines the shortfall （差额） between countries' intentions and actions needed on the climate.Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear，and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.
Guterres said："The heat is on，and as the contents of the report show，the leadership we need is off.Far off.Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest COVID﹣19 finance and recovery resources in sustainable，cost﹣saving，planet﹣saving ways.As world leaders prepare for COP26，that is another thundering wake﹣up call.How many do we need？"
Inger Andersen，the director of the UN Environment Programme （UNEP） said："Climate change is no longer a future problem.It is a now problem.To stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5℃，we have 8 years to almost have greenhouse gas emissions：8 years to make the plans，put in place the policies，carry them out and deliver the cuts.The clock is ticking loudly."
Emissions fell by about 5.4% last year during COVID lockdowns，the report found，but only about one﹣fifth of the economic recovery spending goes towards reducing carbon emissions.This failure to "build back better"，despite promises by governments around the world，cast doubt on the world's willingness to make the economic shift necessary to settle the climate crisis，the UN said.
In the run﹣up to COP26，countries were supposed to submit（递交） national plans to cut emissions—called nationally determined contributions （NDCs）—for the next decade，a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement.But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs，and some governments had presented weak plans.
（1）Why were the findings described as a"thundering wake﹣up call"in Para.2？
A.Because the world has failed to live up to its current commitments.
B.Because the opportunities presented by COVID﹣19 have been wasted.
C.Because the world is falling behind in slowing down temperature rises.
D.Because the serious problems were brought about by global fossil fuels.
（2）The potential harm of global warming can be reduced if .
A.current commitments of many countries remain unchanged
B.huge gaps are bridged between previous and present proposals
C.global sustainable environmental resources develops significantly
D.strict measures are taken to reduce emissions t h the coming ten years
（3）What is the writer's purpose of quoting"How many do we need？"in Para.4？
A.To show the number of alarm clocks required.
B.To explain the reason for the world's wasting chances.
C.To ask for the number of the countries attending the meeting.
D.To stress the need to make the most of resources and reduce emissions.
（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Few countries have submitted plans to reduce the emissions.
B.Many countries' plans to cut emissions are far from satisfactory.
C.Most of the countries work under the Paris Climate Agreement.
D.Much progress in reducing emissions has been made these years.
14．（10分）
Today's amazing newspaper headline!
First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown's shoes.
No，not really.It isn't true.I invented it.But I wouldn't be surprised to see it one day soon.It seems that every week someone becomes"the first"or"the youngest"or "the oldest"or even"the first married couple"to do something that doesn't seem to be very useful to the rest of humanity.
This year I've seen headlines saying"The youngest person to sail the Atlantic alone"，"The youngest Briton to climb Mount Everest"，and"The first people to fly around the world in a hot air balloon".Why do they do it？Don't they have better things to do with their time and money？And why should I be interested anyway？
Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains，sailed across the oceans and flown around the world.People have already reached the most remote parts of our planet.Many of these things were done a long，long time ago.There just isn't anything left to explore nowadays.I suppose there's still a lot of the universe left，and the bottom of the oceans is still a bit of a mystery，but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that.So，those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before.So they have to try and do it in a new way，or be"the fastest"or"the youngest"or"the oldest"to do something that isn't really new at all.
What is so great about climbing Mount Everest these days anyway？It's become a popular tourist trip.People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas，who lead the way and carry the bags.At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down.As a result，Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up.The climbers are often inexperienced and when they get into trouble other people have to risk their lives to bring them down to safety.Helicopter crews have been killed trying to reach people who were stuck on the mountain.
In January 2003 a helicopter carrying two British men crashed into the sea near Antarctica.I'm not quite sure what they were trying to be"the first"or"the youngest"to do.The Chilean navy picked them up after a nine﹣hour rescue mission that cost tens of thousands of pounds，all paid for by the Chilean and British taxpayers.
Talking of taxpayers，many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers.A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia，so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them.There have been a lot of difficult，time﹣consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars.I suppose we can't just leave them to drown，but personally，I think we should give the bill to the people who are rescued.Perhaps they would think twice about doing it if they had to pay for expensive insurance premiums（ 保费）.Then I wouldn't have to read about them in the newspapers either.
（1）The writer invents the newspaper headline in paragraphs 1&2.to .
A.persuade readers of a new trend
B.entertain readers with his humor
C.get readers interested in the topic
D.remind readers of an important event
（2）By saying"It's become a popular tourist trip"，the writer means .
A.Mount Everest is now covered with a lot of rubbish
B.climbing Mount Everest has already lost its true meaning
C.it's impossible to climb up Mountain Everest without help
D.people without experience may get in trouble or even danger
（3）Which is the reason why many Australians dislike the record breakers？
A.They have to pay for the costs of rescuing the record breakers.
B.The Australian navy was not something intended for rescue work.
C.The record breakers should pay for their insurance premiums themselves.
D.A great number of people try to break records in the seas around Australia.
（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage？
A.It's All Been Done Before
B.Never Do Something New
C.You Are the Next Record Breaker
D.Be Responsible for Your Adventures
第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
15．（12.5分） When I started my career，I observed people in leadership roles and thought，"They're so lucky.They have so much control.So imagine my surprise when I took a course in business school on leadership and was told that as you get more senior，you are more dependent on other people. （1） .
They were right.I am dependent on my sales team，not the other way around.（2） .As a leader，what I can accomplish is not just what I can do myself but what everyone on my team does.
Companies in every country operate in ways that are right for their own cultures.（3） .One of those is that it is better to inspire than to direct.Yes，people will do what their bosses tell them to do in most organizations.But great leaders do not just want to secure compliance（顺从）.They want to elicit genuine enthusiasm，complete trust，and real dedication.（4） .If they believe in your organization's mission and they believe in you，they will not only do their daily tasks well，but they will do them with true passion.
No one won more hearts than my beloved husband Dave Goldberg who passed away suddenly two months ago.Dave was an inspiring leader.He was kind.He was generous.He was thoughtful.（5） .He did it as CEO of SurveyMonkey，an amazing company that he helped build.He did it for me and for our children.
Leadership is about making others better as a result of your presence and making sure that impact lasts in your absence.Like Dave，you can do this for others over the course of your career.
A.If they fall short，it is my mistake.
B.At the time，I thought my professors were wrong.
C.He raised the level of performance of everyone around him.
D.They don't just win the minds of their teams，they win their hearts.
E.But I believe there are some principles of leadership that are universal.
F.And different cultures shape different company principles to boost production.
G.Our friend Bill Gurley wrote a post where he urged others to"Be Like Dave."
第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16．（15分） There have been times over the years when I have tried to leave Hailsham behind，when I have told myself I shouldn't look back so much，But then there came a point when I just stopped resisting （反抗）.It had to do with this particular donor（器官捐献者）I had once，in my third year as a carer；it was his（1） when I mentioned I was from Hailsham.He had just（2） his third donation，it hadn't gone well，and he must have known that he wasn't going to（3） .He could hardly breathe，but he looked towards me and said："Hailsham.I bet that was a （an）（4） place."Then the next morning，when I was making conversation to keep his（5） off it all，and I asked（6） he had grown up，he mentioned some place in Dorset and his face went into a completely new kind of grimace（痛苦的表情）.And I realized then how（7） he didn't want to be reminded. （8） ，he wanted to hear about Hailsham.
So over the next five or six days，I told him whatever he wanted to know，and he'd lie there，all （9） ，a gentle smile breaking through.He'd ask me about the big things and the little things.About our guardians（看护人），about the football，the rounders，the little path，the duck pond，the food，the view from the Art room over the fields on a foggy morning.Sometimes he'd make me say things （10） ；things I'd told him only the day before，he'd ask about like I'd（11） told him."Did you have a pond？""Which guardian was your special favorite？"At first I thought this was just the drugs，but then I realized his mind was（12） enough.What he wanted was not just to（13） Hailsham，but to remember Hailsham，just like it had been his own childhood.He knew he was（14） to death and so that's what he was doing：getting me to describe things to him，so they'd really sink in，so that maybe during those sleepless ﹣nights，with the drugs and the pain and the exhaustion，the line would blur （变得模糊） between what were my（15） and what were his.
（1）
A.impression
B.suggestion
C.reaction
D.recommendation
（2）
A.come through
B.come up with
C.come across
D.come down with
（3）
A.deserve it
B.mean it
C.take it
D.make it
（4）
A.unbearable
B.ordinary
C.beautiful
D.orderly
（5）
A.hands
B.mind
C.strain
D.control
（6）
A.when
B.where
C.how
D.whether
（7）
A.slightly
B.hesitantly
C.admittedly
D.desperately
（8）
A.Instead
B.Otherwise
C.Moreover
D.Therefore
（9）
A.interested
B.shocked
C.confused
D.depressed
（10）
A.once and for all
B.far and wide
C.over and over
D.in no time
（11）
A.always
B.never
C.ever
D.usually
（12）
A.clear
B.simple
C.peaceful
D.absent
（13）
A.refer to
B.hear about
C.live in
D.think of
（14）
A.indifferent
B.scared
C.close
D.bored
（15）
A.descriptions
B.imaginations
C.ideas
D.memories
第二节 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
17．（10分） In 1818 Mary Shelley published Frankenstein，the story of a scientist who tries to create a superior being and instead creates a monster.In the last two centuries，this story（1） （tell） over and over again in countless variations.At first sight，the Frankenstein story appears to warn us that if we try to play God and engineer life we will be punished severely.Yet the story has a（2） （deep） meaning.
The Frankenstein myth confronts Homo sapiens（智人） with the fact that the last days are fast approaching.（3） some nuclear or ecological disaster strikes，the pace of technological development will soon lead to the replacement of Homo sapiens by completely different beings who possess not only different physiques，but also very different cognitive and emotional worlds.This is something most Sapiens find extremely worrying.We like to believe that in the future people just （4） us will travel from planet to planet in fast spaceships.We don't like to think about the（5） （possible） that in the future，beings with emotions and identities like ours will no longer exist，and our place will be taken by alien life forms（6） abilities beat our own.
We seek comfort in the fantasy that Dr.Frankenstein can create only terrible monsters，whom we would have to destroy in order to save the world.We like to tell the story that way because it implies that we are（7） best of all beings，that there never was and never will be anything better than us.Any attempt（8） （improve）us will inevitably fail，because even if our bodies might be improved，you cannot touch the human spirit.
We would have a hard time（9） （accept） the fact that scientists could engineer spirits as well as bodies，and that future Dr.Frankenstein could therefore create（10） （true） superior to us，something that will look at us as something condescendingly（居高临下地）as we look at the Neanderthals（穴居人）.
第四部分 课内语言知识运用 第一节 语法知识填空 根据括号内提示，在空白处填入正确形式，每空一词。
18．（1分）Little Harold Bride （know） that he would play a part in.
19．（1分） he was（尽管他还是个孩子），he managed to sound the alarm when the fire broke out.
20．（1分）Up into the blue sky （fly） the bird when we passed by its nest.
21．（1分）I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and was my friend Mike.
22．（1分） （seat） under the tree was Saul，spear in hand，with all his officials standing around him.
23．（1分）Standing inside （be） lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes ，who seemed very frightened and worried.
24．（1分）When （ask） for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. （所给词的适当形式填空）
25．（1分）Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as （expect）.
26．（1分）It was after Mrs Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.
第二节 单词填空 根据句子内容和首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确。每空一词。
27．（1分）Easy access to material，abundant high﹣tech human resources，and c transportation are the main factors to set up a factory in Wuxi.
28．（1分）A university graduate is expected to be c of addressing such a problem even under stress.
29．（1分）The police are a to the public for any information about the missing girl.
30．（1分）It is reported that Apple will i a new product next week.
31．（1分）Made from bamboo and f traditional Chinese paintings，Weifang Kite was included in the national level intangible cultural heritage lists in 2006.
32．（1分）Some of this art was sold abroad，while much of the rest was completely d or lost during the war.
33．（1分）Memories f in my mind and various images came up vividly.
34．（1分）As the world's resources become rarer，the natural habitats of animals continue to decrease.As a result，the s of some species is threatened.
35．（1分）Closing these branches is one of the long﹣term s of our company to cut costs while improve efficiency.
36．（1分）Demonstrators staged a peaceful p outside the UN Headquarters against the new working policy.
37．（1分）If temperatures continue to rise，it could have disastrous c for agriculture.
38．（1分）He must be fairly intelligent，o he wouldn't have got into Stanford University.
39．（1分）Mr Baker's assistant telephoned to c his appointment with the chairman.
40．（1分）It suddenly o to me that he might have forgotten the conference completely.
41．（1分）She stormed out of the room and c the door shut behind her. （根据首字母单词拼写）
第三节 词组填空 根据句子内容和括号中所给出的中文意思，写出所缺词组，使句子意思完整、语法正确，每空一词。
42．（1分）I came to believe that everything would turn out to be fine in the end and more opportunities were （即将发生）for us.
43．（1分）Central banks and governments helped （注入活力） the global economy and reduce the effects of the crisis.
44．（1分）These dangerous chemicals are （逐渐增加） in our lakes and ponds，threatening most living things inside.
45．（1分）He quickly （耗尽） money with such a lifestyle，and it was not until then that he started to regret.
46．（1分）She was overjoyed when the police sent the child to her （安然无恙）.
47．（1分）Much （使她欣慰的是），someone had recognized her missing puppy and returned it to her.
48．（1分）The woman was （正要做某事） giving birth when ambulance staff arrived.
49．（1分）Once I made a fortune，the first thing that my （突然想起） was to help the community as much as I could.
第四节 句子翻译
50．（2分）文学的第二个特质是在于它能打动我们的情感，启发我们的想象力。
51．（2分）作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
52．（2分）人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云从火山口喷薄而出。
第五部分 写作
53．（17分）假如你是李华，你的好友 Alice发来邮件说她因为体重过重很苦恼、焦虑。请你给她回封邮件，内容包括：
（1）表示理解；
（2）提出建议。（至少两点）
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear Alice，
I'm sorry to hear that___________.
Yours，
Li Hua
2022-2023学年江苏省南京师大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
第一部分 听力 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
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第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
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第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
11．【答案】ADB
【分析】这是一篇应用文。作者介绍了几个青年交流活动。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Youth Exchange 2下面的Location：France（位置；法国）和Theme：Organic gardening（主题：有机园艺），可知你在法国旅行时专注于园艺工作，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Youth Exchange4下面的Theme：A social﹣environmental project that intends to promote social inclusion and continuous development，regarded as a process–of civil rights and active citizenship（主题：一个旨在促进社会包容和持续发展的社会环境项目，被视为一个公民权利和积极公民身份的过程），可知如果你对保护环境感兴趣，你可以参加Youth Exchange4，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文可知，Youth Exchange 1，Youth Exchange 2，Youth Exchange 4都提到了Italy，所以意大利人对Youth Exchange这项活动最感兴趣，故选B。
12．【答案】ADAC
【分析】巴西的亚马逊雨林中部的一个部落随着其最后一个成员的离世而消失了，文章分析了其中的原因，指出了巴西政府对于保护土著群体的不作为。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Officials from Brazil's Indigenous （原住民） protection agency approached the hut in the middle of the Amazon rainforest.They were witnessing the first recorded dying out of an uncontacted tribe in the country's history. （巴西土著保护机构的官员走近亚马逊雨林中心的小屋。他们目睹了该国历史上第一个有记录的死于未接触部落的小屋。）第二段The man lying there，the last member of his tribe had died and with him an entire culture and answers to a thousand questions.（躺在那里的那个人，他部落的最后一个成员已经去世了，他带来了整个文化和一千个问题的答案。）可知，随着这个男子的离世，他所属的部落消失了。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第四段It was a sad milestone for a country that in recent years has seen protections for Indigenous groups undermined by an administration that has prioritized（优先）development of the Amazon over conservation.（这对一个国家来说是一个可悲的里程碑，近年来，政府将开发亚马逊置于保护之上，破坏了对土著群体的保护。）可知，政府优先考虑开发亚马逊，而不是对这个地方的保护，导致土著群体的消失，导致悲剧的发生，划线词意为"削弱"，与weakened意思相近。A.strengthened加强；B.monitored监控；C.sought寻找；D.weakened削弱。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第六段Brazil's Indigenous protection agency，Funai，made direct contact with the last surviving man only in 1996.Marcelo dos Santos，an Indigenous expert，said he was found～hiding in his hut."We tried to establish a conversation and offered corn and arrows，but he was terrified and very aggressive（具有攻击性）.From this moment on，we had to respect his isolation."（巴西土著保护机构富奈直到1996年才与最后一名幸存男子取得直接联系。土著专家马塞洛•多斯桑托斯说，他被发现藏在自己的小屋里。"我们试图建立一种对话，并提供了玉米和箭，但他很害怕，非常好斗。从这一刻起，我们必须尊重他的孤立。"）可知，1996年，洞人使保护机构的做法失败了。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段For me，he was somehow incredible：to be able to survive on his own，not speak to anybody and avoid all contact maybe out of grief or determination（对我来说，他在某种程度上是不可思议的：能够独自生存，不与任何人交谈，避免一切接触，也许是出于悲伤或决心）可知，Fiona Watson认为洞人是奇迹。故选C。
13．【答案】ADDB
【分析】这篇短文主要写了以下几点：联合国的一份报告警告称，各国目前的承诺只能在2030年前将碳排放减少约7.5%，远远低于科学家认为需要将全球温度上升限制在1.5℃的45%减排目标。联合国秘书长安东尼奥•古特雷斯将这一发现描述为对世界领导人的"惊人警示"，而专家们呼吁采取行动对抗化石燃料公司。虽然超过100个国家承诺在本世纪中叶实现净零排放，但根据联合国的排放报告，这并不足以避免气候灾难。报告发现，许多净零承诺不明确，除非伴随着本十年的严格减排措施，否则将导致全球变暖达到可能灾难性的程度。联合国环境规划署主任英格•安德森表示："气候变化不再是未来的问题，而是现在的问题。为了有机会将全球变暖限制在1.5℃，我们还有8年时间几乎实现温室气体减排：8年时间制定计划，制定政策，执行并实现减排。时间正在紧迫。"报告发现，去年在COVID封锁期间排放量下降了约5.4%，但只有约五分之一的经济复苏支出用于减少碳排放。联合国表示，尽管世界各国政府承诺"重建得更好"，但这种未能实现经济转型的失败，对解决气候危机的意愿产生了怀疑。在COP26之前，各国应提交未来十年减排计划（称为国家自主贡献，NDCs），这是2015年巴黎气候协议的要求。但联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有一半的国家提交了新的NDCs，一些政府提出了薄弱的计划。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A report from the UN warns that，countries' current commitments would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030，far less than the 45% cut（联合国的一份报告警告说，到2030年，各国目前的承诺只能减少约7.5%的碳排放，远远低于45%的减排目标）可知，作者在第二段将这个发现比作"响亮的警钟"是因为世界未能履行其目前的承诺。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear，and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.（人们发现，许多净零承诺并不明确，除非在这十年严格削减排放，否则全球变暖将达到潜在的灾难性程度。）可知，只有采取严格的措施来减少未来十年的排放才可以减少全球变暖的潜在危害。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest COVID﹣19 finance and recovery resources in sustainable，cost﹣saving，planet﹣saving ways.As world leaders prepare for COP26，that is another thundering wake﹣up call.（各国正在浪费以可持续、节约成本和保护地球的方式投入COVID﹣19融资和恢复资源的巨大机会。在世界各国领导人为COP26做准备之际，这是另一个雷鸣般的警钟。）可知，作者在第四段说"我们需要多少"是为了强调充分利用资源和减少排放的必要性。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs，and some governments had presented weak plans.（但联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有一半的国家提交了新的国家自主贡献，一些政府提出的计划也很薄弱。）可知，许多国家的减排计划远不能令人满意。故选B。
14．【答案】CBAA
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者对现在人们进行的一些没有意义的冒险活动提出质疑。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据标题的感叹句Today's amazing newspaper headline（今天令人惊叹的报纸标题）；第一段的First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown's shoes（第一个戴着米老鼠耳朵穿着小丑鞋走到南极的四口之家）；第二段No，not really.It isn't true.I invented it.But I wouldn't be surprised to see it one day soon（不，不是。这不是真的。它是我发明的。但如果很快看到它，我一点儿也不会感到奇怪），可知作者发明了报纸标题，是为了使读者对这个话题感兴趣，故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段的It's become a popular tourist trip.People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas，who lead the way and carry the bags.At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down.As a result，Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up（它已经成为一种受欢迎的旅游旅行。人们花数千美元由当地的夏尔巴人带上这座山，夏尔巴人带路并背着袋子。任何时候都有大约1000人在攀登或返回途中。因此，珠穆朗玛峰到处都是垃圾，夏尔巴不得不专程上山捡垃圾），可知作者说"这已经成为一次受欢迎的旅游旅行"，意思是攀登珠穆朗玛峰已经失去了真正的意义，变成了普通的旅游，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段的Talking of taxpayers，many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers.A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia，so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them.There have been a lot of difficult，time﹣consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars（说到纳税人，许多澳大利亚人有点受够了这项破纪录者。许多试图打破帆船或赛艇纪录的人在澳大利亚周围的海域遇到了麻烦，所以澳大利亚海军不得不派遣船只来拯救他们。近年来，澳大利亚政府花了数百万美元执行了许多艰难而耗时的救援任务），可知许多澳大利亚人不喜欢破纪录者的原因是他们必须为拯救破纪录者付出代价，故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第四段的So，those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before（所以，那些觉得需要冒险的人只能做以前做过的事情），可知很多人为了所谓的出名，做了一些没有意义的探险，造成不必要的损失，这些探险前人已经做过了，所以A.It's All Been Done Before（以前都做过）是最好的标题，故选A。
第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
15．【答案】BAEDC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一个好的领导需要具备的特质。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据前句So imagine my surprise when I took a course in business school on leadership and was told that as you get more senior，you are more dependent on other people（所以你们可以想象的到，当我在商学院选修领导力课程时被告知，职位越高将会越依赖他人时，我有多么的惊讶）；以及后句They were right（他们是对的），可知表示"当时，我认为我的教授们错了"的选项B可以承接前文职位越高将会越依赖他人的话题，介绍对这个结论的看法的变化，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据后句As a leader，what I can accomplish is not just what I can do myself but what everyone on my team does（作为一名领导者，我能完成的不仅仅是我自己能做的，还有团队中每个人都能做的），可知表示"如果他们做不到，那是我的错"的选项A符合语境，介绍领导要负责团队中每个人都能做的事，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句Companies in every country operate in ways that are right for their own cultures（每个国家的公司都以适合本国文化的方式运营），可知表示"但我相信，有些领导原则是普遍的"的选项E可以承接前文，构成转折关系，虽然每个国家的公司都以适合本国文化的方式运营，但是有些领导原则是普遍的，故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句But great leaders do not just want to secure compliance（顺从）.They want to elicit genuine enthusiasm，complete trust，and real dedication（但伟大的领导者不仅仅希望确保合顺从。他们希望获得真正的热情、完全的信任和真正的奉献精神），可知表示"他们不仅赢得了团队的听从，还赢得了他们的心"的选项D可以承接前文，说明伟大的领导者不仅要赢得团队的听从，还要赢得他们的心，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据前句Dave was an inspiring leader.He was kind.He was generous.He was thoughtful（戴夫是一位鼓舞人心的领导者。他善良、慷慨、体贴）；以及后句He did it as CEO of SurveyMonkey，an amazing company that he helped build.He did it for me and for our children（他是SurveyMonkey的首席执行官，他帮助建立了一家令人惊叹的公司。他这样做是为了我和我们的孩子），可知表示"他提高了周围每个人的表现水平"的选项C符合语境，介绍SurveyMonkey的首席执行官戴夫，故选C。
第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16．【答案】CADCB BDABC BABCD
【分析】这段短文主要讲述了一个护理员在照顾一个即将死去的捐赠者时，他向捐赠者描述了自己在Hailsham度过的童年时光。捐赠者对Hailsham表现出浓厚的兴趣，他希望通过听护理员的描述来记住Hailsham，仿佛那是他自己的童年回忆。护理员意识到捐赠者不愿被提醒起自己的过去，但他仍然坚持向捐赠者描述Hailsham的点点滴滴，希望能让这些回忆在捐赠者的心中深深扎根。
【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.impression印象；B.suggestion建议；C.reaction反应；D.recommendation推荐。句意：当我提到我来自黑尔舍姆时，他的反应是这样的。根据下文He could hardly breathe，but he looked towards me and said可知此处是说他的反应。故选C。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.come through度过难关；B.come up with想出；C.come across偶然遇见；D.come down with患上（疾病）。句意：他刚刚完成了他的第三次捐赠，但进行得并不顺利，他一定知道他不会成功了。根据空后his third donation可知此处是指完成了第三次捐赠。故选A。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.deserve it值得；B.mean it说话算数；C.take it接受；D.make it成功。句意：他刚刚完成了他的第三次捐赠，但进行得并不顺利，他一定知道他不会成功了。根据空前it hadn't gone well可知进行得不顺利，因此是指不会成功。故选D。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unbearable难以忍受的；B.ordinary普通的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.orderly有条理的。句意：我打赌那地方一定很美。根据下文he wanted to hear about Hailsham可知他喜欢黑尔舍姆这个地方，因此是说那个地方很美。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.hands手；B.mind思想；C.strain压力；D.control控制。句意：第二天早上，当我和他聊天，想让他不去想那件事时，我问他在哪里长大，他提到了多塞特的某个地方，他的脸出现一种新的痛苦的表情。根据本句when I was making conversation to keep his（5）________ off it all可知此处是指不让他想这件事。故选B。
（6）考查连接词及语境理解。A.when什么时候；B.where哪里；C.how如何；D.whether是否。句意：第二天早上，当我和他聊天，想让他不去想那件事时，我问他在哪里长大，他提到了多塞特的某个地方，他的脸出现一种新的痛苦的表情。根据空后he had grown up可知此处是问在哪里长大。故选B。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.slightly稍微；B.hesitantly迟疑地；C.admittedly不可否认地；D.desperately非常。句意：然后我意识到他是多么不愿意被提到这个地方。根据空后he didn't want to be reminded可知此处是指非常不想被提及。故选D。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.Instead相反；B.Otherwise否则；C.Moreover此外；D.Therefore因此。句意：相反，他想听听黑尔舍姆的情况。根据空后he wanted to hear about Hailsham可知此处与前文形成对比。故选A。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.interested感兴趣的；B.shocked惊讶的；C.confused困惑的；D.depressed抑郁的。句意：所以在接下来的五六天里，我告诉他他想知道的一切，他躺在那里，震惊不已，脸上露出温柔的微笑。根据空前I told him whatever he wanted to know可知此处是指对作者提到的事物感到震惊。故选B。
（10）考查副词短语及语境理解。A.once and for all一劳永逸；B.far and wide四面八方；C.over and over反复；D.in no time立刻，马上。句意：有时他会让我一遍又一遍地说一些我前一天才告诉他的事情。根据空前he'd make me say things可知此处是指一遍又一遍地说。故选C。
（11）考查副词及语境理解。A.always总是；B.never从不；C.ever曾经；D.usually通常。句意：他会像我从来没有告诉过他一样问我。根据空后told him可知此处是指从来没有告诉过他的事情。故选B。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.clear清楚的；B.simple简单的；C.peaceful和平的；D.absent缺席的。句意：一开始我以为这只是药物的问题，但后来我意识到他的头脑足够清醒。根据下文What he wanted was not just to （13）_______ Hailsham，but to remember Hailsham可知此处是指他的头脑是清醒的。故选A。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.refer to指的是；B.hear about听说；C.live in居住在；D.think of想起。句意：他想要的不仅仅是听到黑尔舍姆的故事，而是记住黑尔舍姆，就像他自己的童年一样。根据空后but to remember Hailsham可知此处是指不仅想要听作者说。故选B。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.indifferent冷漠的；B.scared害怕的；C.close接近的；D.bored无聊的。句意：他知道他离死亡不远了，所以这就是他所做的。根据前文提到的He could hardly breathe可知此处是指快要死了。故选C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.descriptions描述；B.imaginations想象；C.ideas想法；D.memories记忆。句意：让我向他描述一些事情，这样他就能真正理解这些事情，这样也许在那些不眠之夜，在药物、疼痛和疲惫的折磨下，我的记忆和他的记忆之间的界限就会模糊。根据空前the line would blur between可知此处指的是他们之间的记忆。故选D。
第二节 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
17．【答案】（1）has been told（2）deeper（3）If（4）like（5）possibility（6）with（7）the（8）to improve（9）accepting（10）truly
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了1818年，玛丽•雪莱出版了《弗兰肯斯坦》给我们所带来的警示以及其更深的含义。
【解答】（1）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的两个世纪里，这个故事以无数的变体被一遍又一遍地讲述。根据时间状语In the last two centuries，可知用现在完成时态，tell和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为名词单数，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填has been told。
（2）考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，这个故事还有更深的含义。表示"更深的"，所以用形容词比较级作定语，故填deeper。
（3）考查条件状语从句。句意：如果发生某种核灾难或生态灾难，科技发展的速度将很快导致智人被完全不同的生物所取代，这些生物不仅拥有不同的体型，而且拥有非常不同的认知和情感世界。表示"如果"，引导条件状语从句，所以用if，句首单词首字母大写，故填If。
（4）考查介词。句意：我们愿意相信，在未来，像我们一样的人将乘坐快速的宇宙飞船从一个星球旅行到另一个星球。just like"就像"，后跟代词，故填like。
（5）考查可数名词的单数。句意：我们不愿意去想这样一种可能性：在未来，像我们这样拥有情感和身份的生物将不复存在，我们的位置将被能力超过我们的外星生命形式所取代。作介词的宾语，所以用名词possibility，前面有定冠词，所以用名词单数特指，故填possibility。
（6）考查介词。句意：我们不愿意去想这样一种可能性：在未来，像我们这样拥有情感和身份的生物将不复存在，我们的位置将被能力超过我们的外星生命形式所取代。表示"具有"，后跟名词，所以用介词with，故填with。
（7）考查冠词。句意：我们喜欢这样讲故事，因为它暗示着我们是所有生物中最好的，从来没有，也永远不会有任何东西比我们更好。形容词最高级前面加定冠词，故填the。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：任何改善我们的尝试都将不可避免地失败，因为即使我们的身体可以得到改善，你也无法触及人类的精神。attempt后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填to improve。
（9）考查动名词。句意：我们将很难接受这样一个事实：科学家不仅可以设计身体，也可以设计精神，未来的弗兰肯斯坦博士因此可以创造出真正比我们优越的东西，像我们看待尼安德特人一样居高临下地看待我们。have a hard time doing sth."做某事有困难"，为固定搭配，故填accepting。
（10）考查副词。句意：我们将很难接受这样一个事实：科学家不仅可以设计身体，也可以设计精神，未来的弗兰肯斯坦博士因此可以创造出真正比我们优越的东西，像我们看待尼安德特人一样居高临下地看待我们。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填truly。
第四部分 课内语言知识运用 第一节 语法知识填空 根据括号内提示，在空白处填入正确形式，每空一词。
18．【答案】did；know
【分析】哈罗德•布赖德几乎不知道他会参与其中。
【解答】否定副词little置于句首时，句子要用倒装结构，因描述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时，本句将助动词did置于主语Harold Bride前构成部分倒装。
故填：did；know。
19．【答案】Child as/though
【分析】尽管他还是个孩子，但火灾发生时他还是设法拉响了警报。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"尽管他还是个孩子"可译为child as/though he was，as/though"尽管"，引导让步状语从句，单数可数名词child前不可加不定冠词，单词child在句首，首字母大写。
故填：Child as/though。
20．【答案】flew
【分析】当我们经过那只鸟的巢时，它飞上了蓝天。
【解答】fly"飞"，表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装，即将整个谓语提前至主语之前，本题中，up into the blue sky位于句首，句子应使用完全倒装，将谓语动词"飞（fly）"提前至主语之前，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时。
故填：flew。
21．【答案】it
【分析】我在克服酒瘾方面遇到了麻烦，那是我的朋友迈克。
【解答】分析句子结构可知，此处为and连接的两个并列句，要填的词为it指代前面的trouble，作主语。
故填：it。
22．【答案】Seated
【分析】扫罗手拿枪坐在树下，他的臣仆都站在他周围。
【解答】be seated"就座"，本句是倒装句，过去分词seated置于句首，句子要用全部倒装结构，句首单词要大写。
故填：Seated。
23．【答案】were
【分析】里面站着许多奇怪的生物，他们长着白色的皮肤和黑色的大眼睛，看起来非常害怕和担心。
【解答】本句为倒装句式，正确的语序应当是lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes were standing inside.因描述的是过去正在发生的事情，要用过去进行时，主语lots of strange creatures是复数，be动词用were。
故填：were。
24．【答案】asked
【分析】当被问及对自己的教学工作有何看法时，菲利普说，他觉得这很有趣，也很有收获。
【解答】ask for"索要；求见"。分析句子，when引导时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且ask和主语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词asked。
故填：asked。
25．【答案】expected
【分析】工程师们注意到管道没有像预期的那样膨胀。
【解答】expect"预期"，as expected"如预料的一样"，是固定搭配。
故填：expected。
26．【答案】that
【分析】多德夫人成年后才意识到父亲作为单亲父母抚养孩子所表现出的力量和无私。
【解答】根据句意和结构可知这句话使用了强调句，结构是It was+强调部分+that+其余部分。
故填：that。
第二节 单词填空 根据句子内容和首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确。每空一词。
27．【答案】convenient
【分析】物质便利、高科技人力资源丰富、交通便利是在无锡建厂的主要因素。
【解答】根据句意，物质便利、高科技人力资源丰富、交通便利是在无锡建厂的主要因素。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用形容词convenient"便利的"作定语，修饰后文名词transportation。
故填：convenient。
28．【答案】capable
【分析】人们期待一个大学毕业生即使在压力下也应该能够解决这样的问题。
【解答】根据句意，人们期待一个大学毕业生即使在压力下也应该能够解决这样的问题。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用形容词capable"有能力的"作表语，be capable of"能够"。
故填：capable。
29．【答案】 appealing
【分析】警察正在呼吁公众提供关于失踪的女孩的信息。
【解答】根据句意，警察正在呼吁公众提供关于失踪的女孩的信息。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用动词appeal"呼吁"作谓语，结合句意及空前are可知，句子使用了现在进行时，故此处应用现在分词。
故填：appealing。
30．【答案】issue
【分析】据报道，苹果公司将于下周发布一款新产品。
【解答】根据句意，据报道，苹果公司将于下周发布一款新产品。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用动词issue"发行，发布"作从句谓语，情态动词will后应用动词原形。
故填：issue。
31．【答案】featuring
【分析】由竹子制成，以中国传统绘画为特色的潍坊风筝，在2006年被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
【解答】根据首字母提示和句子结构，可知表示"以......为特色"，用动词feature，这里作方式状语，和Weifang Kite构成主动关系，所以用现在分词featuring。
故填：featuring。
32．【答案】destroyed
【分析】这些艺术品中的一部分被卖到了国外，而其余的大部分在战争中被完全破坏或丢失。
【解答】根据首字母提示和句子结构，可知作谓语，表示"破坏"用动词destroy，表示和主语much of the rest的被动关系，was后用destroy的过去分词。
故填：destroyed。
33．【答案】flooded
【分析】回忆涌上我的脑海，各种各样的画面栩栩如生。
【解答】根据首字母提示和句子结构，可知作谓语，用动词flood表示"涌入"，前后时态一致，谓语动词用过去式flooded。
故填：flooded。
34．【答案】survival
【分析】随着世界资源的日益稀少，动物的自然栖息地不断减少。因此，一些物种的生存受到威胁。
【解答】根据句意结合首字母，考虑名词survival"生存"，根据后面的is，应用名词的单数形式。
故填：survival。
35．【答案】strategies
【分析】关闭这些分支机构是我们公司在提高效率的同时削减成本的长期战略之一。
【解答】根据句意，关闭这些分支机构是我们公司在提高效率的同时削减成本的长期战略之一。结合单词首字母及冠词the可知，此处应用名词strategy"策略"作介词of的宾语，one of...意为"......之一"，其后应用可数名词复数。
故填：strategies。
36．【答案】parade
【分析】示威者在联合国总部外举行和平游行，反对新的工作政策。
【解答】根据句意，示威者在联合国总部外举行和平游行，反对新的工作政策。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用名词parade"游行"作宾语，结合空前冠词a可知，此处应用其单数形式。
故填：parade。
37．【答案】consequences
【分析】如果气温继续上升，可能会对农业造成灾难性后果。
【解答】根据句意，如果气温继续上升，可能会对农业造成灾难性后果。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用名词consequence"后果"作宾语，结合语境可知，后果不止一个，故此处应用其复数形式。
故填：consequences。
38．【答案】otherwise
【分析】他一定相当聪明，否则他就进不了斯坦福大学。
【解答】根据句意和首字母提示可知此空使用副词otherwise意为"否则"。
故填：otherwise。
39．【答案】confirm
【分析】贝克先生的助手打电话来确认他与主席的约会。
【解答】根据句意"贝克先生的助手打电话来确认他与主席的约会。 "结合首字母，考虑confirm"确认"，不定式符号to后接动词原形。
故填：confirm。
40．【答案】occurred
【分析】我突然想到他可能完全忘记了这次会议。
【解答】根据句意"我突然想到他可能完全忘记了这次会议。"结合首字母，考虑occur"想起"，it occurs to sb.that……是一个句型，意为"某人突然想起……"，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时。
故填：occurred。
41．【答案】crashed
【分析】她怒气冲冲地走出房间，把身后的门砰的一声关上。
【解答】结合上文stormed可知，空格处表达关门的动作很大，可以用动词crash，crash the door shut 意为"把门砰的一声关上"符合语境；根据前面的stormed可知，本句为一般过去时。
故填：crashed。
第三节 词组填空 根据句子内容和括号中所给出的中文意思，写出所缺词组，使句子意思完整、语法正确，每空一词。
42．【答案】in store
【分析】我开始相信，最终一切都会好起来，我们还有更多的机会。
【解答】分析句子结构可知要填的词作表语，根据汉语意思"即将发生"，可知用介词短语in store作表语。
故填：in store。
43．【答案】 to vitalise
【分析】各国央行和政府帮助重振了全球经济，减少了危机的影响。
【解答】分析句子结构，help后跟动词不定式，根据汉语意思"注入活力"，可知用 to vitalise后跟名词短语the global economy作宾语。
故填：to vitalise。
44．【答案】gradually；increasing
【分析】这些危险的化学物质在我们的湖泊和池塘中逐渐增加，威胁着里面的大多数生物。
【解答】根据句意，表示"逐渐"应用副词gradually，表示"增加"应用动词increase，结合句意及空前be动词are可知，句子使用了现在进行时，故此处应用现在分词。
故填：gradually；increasing。
45．【答案】used up
【分析】这样的生活方式很快就把钱花光了，直到那时他才开始后悔。
【解答】分析句子结构，可知要填的词作谓语，根据汉语意思"耗尽"，可知用动词短语use up，根据后面句子的时态，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态。
故填：used up。
46．【答案】completely uninjured
【分析】当警察把孩子安然无恙地送到她身边时，她欣喜若狂。
【解答】分析句子结构可知要填的部分在句子中作状语，说明child的情况，所以用形容词短语，根据汉语意思"安然无恙"，可知用completely uninjured。
故填：completely uninjured。
47．【答案】to her relief
【分析】使她欣慰的是，有人认出了她丢失的小狗，并把它还给了她。
【解答】根据汉语意思"使她欣慰的是"和前面的much，可知用固定搭配to her relief作状语。
故填：to her relief。
48．【答案】on the point of
【分析】这名妇女正要分娩，这时救护人员赶到了。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"正要做某事"可译为on the point of，was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb.did是一个固定句型，表示"当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事"。
故填：on the point of。
49．【答案】crossed；mind
【分析】一旦我发了财，我脑海中闪现的第一件事就是尽我所能帮助社区。
【解答】分析句子结构可知要填的词作谓语，根据前面句子的时态，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，根据汉语意思"突然想起"，可知用cross one's mind。
故填：crossed；mind。
第四节 句子翻译
50．【答案】The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.
【分析】文学的第二个特质是在于它能打动我们的情感，启发我们的想象力。
【解答】1.因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2.The second quality of literature表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式is；3.appeal to our feelings and imagination打动我们的情感，启发我们的想象力。
故填：The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.
51．【答案】As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
【分析】作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
【解答】1.因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2.play a significant role in"在……中起到重要作用或影响"，介词in后接动词时用动名词形式；3.as the largest rainforest in the world作为世界上最大的雨林；maintain the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡。
故填：As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
52．【答案】The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable fear，a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.
【分析】人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。
【解答】1.因描述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时；2.looked upwards（抬头仰望）和saw a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano（看见一团庞大的云从火山口喷薄而出）是并列谓语；3.with unspeakable fear（感到莫名恐惧）介词短语作状语；see sb.doing sth.（看见某人正在做某事）中现在分词作宾语补足语。
故填：The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable fear，a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.
第五部分 写作
53．【答案】Dear Alice，
I'm terribly sorry to know that you are troubled by your weight problem.I understand how you feel.It's normal for teenagers to feel anxious and annoyed if they are overweight.
Maybe I can give you some advice and things will get better soon.Besides having a healthy diet，I recommend that you try to do some healthy exercises，such as playing ball games and swimming.It is a good way to keep fit and healthy.If you keep on doing these，I am sure you will become slimmer and healthier.In addition，you should not mind your own appearance a lot.Everyone has different appearance and you should tell your friends about this.I am sure they will be friendly to you again.
I hope my advice works.Write to me again if you have further problems.
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】高分句型一
I'm sorry to hear that you are troubled by your weight problem.
翻译：我很遗憾听到你被体重问题所困扰。
分析：that引导的宾语从句的使用；be done被动语态的使用。
高分句型二
If you keep on doing these，I am sure you will become slimmer and healthier.
翻译：如果你坚持做这些，我相信你会变得更苗条、更健康。
分析：if引导的条件状语从句的使用。
【解答】Dear Alice，
I'm sorry to hear that you are troubled by your weight problem.【高分句型一】I understand how you feel.It's normal for teenagers to feel anxious and annoyed if they are overweight.
Maybe I can give you some advice and things will get better soon.（表示理解）Besides having a healthy diet，I recommend that you try to do some healthy exercises，such as playing ball games and swimming.It is a good way to keep fit and healthy.If you keep on doing these，I am sure you will become slimmer and healthier.【高分句型二】In addition，you should not mind your own appearance a lot.Everyone has different appearance and you should tell your friends about this.I am sure they will be friendly to you again.（提出建议）
I hope my advice works.Write to me again if you have further problems.
Yours，
Li Hua
声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2023/8/17 19:17:31；用户：刘彩琳；邮箱：18175147239；学号：2732
2022-2023学年江苏省南京师大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷
第一部分 听力 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（1分）What sport does the man like best？
A.Skiing.
B.Ice skating.
C.Skateboarding.
2．（1分）What will the man probably do？
A.Have his car fixed.
B.Go shopping with Lisa.
C.Drive the woman to a park.
3．（1分）Where might the man be？
A.In a boat.
B.In a pool.
C.In a bathroom.
4．（1分）What might the man have done？
A.He quit the job at school.
B.He gave a class to the students.
C.He gave the woman an opportunity.
5．（1分）What is most important to the woman？
A.Her bank account.
B.Her happiness.
C.Her job.
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．（2分）（1）What is the conversation mainly about？
A.Research on coffee drinking.
B.Effects of sleeping habits.
C.Studies about a disease.
（2）When does the woman like to drink coffee？
A.In the afternoon.
B.In the evening.
C.In the morning.
7．（2分）（1）How much did the man pay for the taxi？
A.＄10.
B.＄20.
C.＄30.
（2）What does the man seem to be good at？
A.Getting to places on time.
B.Doing his work.
C.Finishing all of the food.
8．（3分）（1）What are the speakers discussing？
A.A travel plan.
B.A past camping trip.
C.A company activity.
（2）What happened to the speakers last year？
A.They moved to Italy.
B.They had an accident.
C.They lost some money in a forest.
（3）Where do the speakers decide to go in the end？
A.To the mountains.
B.To the seaside.
C.To the desert.
9．（4分）（1）What does the woman give the man first？
A.Her passport.
B.Her ticket.
C.Her name.
（2）Where does the woman ask to sit at first？
A.In first class.
B.By the washroom.
C.Near the walkway.
（3）What time is it now？
A.9：20.
B.9：30.
C.9：40.
（4）How does the woman feel in the end？
A.Regretful.
B.Grateful.
C.Confused.
10．（4分）（1）Why does Penang Toy Museum enter the Malaysian Book of Records？
A.It has the biggest toy in Malaysia.
B.It's the largest museum in Malaysia.
C.It's the first toy museum in Malaysia.
（2）When did the owner get his first toy？
A.In 1973.
B.In 2000.
C.In 2005.
（3）What do we know about the Gundam robot？
A.It's from Malaysia.
B.It's cheap and ordinary.
C.It's 180 centimeters tall.
（4）How many hours is the museum open on Saturday？
A.6.
B.9.
C.12.
第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
11．（7.5分） The International Voluntary Service runs a number of Youth Exchanges throughout the year.Youth Exchanges give small groups of 4﹣5 young people the opportunity to take part in volunteering trips abroad for an average of two weeks.These young people are joined by 4﹣5 young people from 2﹣3 other nationalities and are a wonderful intercultural experience in a safe environment.
Example Youth Exchanges：
Youth Exchange 1
Location：Ireland
Other nationalities：Spain，Italy，Hungary
Theme：Focuses on the topic of community reconstruction and community activities——exploring how local issues facing our communities are connected to global issues.The group will also take part in team﹣building activities.
Youth Exchange 2
Location：France
Other nationalities：Bulgaria，Italy
Theme：Organic gardening.This project will take place in a natural park，where the group will take part in gardening activities.
Youth Exchange 3
Location：Macedonia
Other nationalities：Serbia，Turkey，Ireland
Theme：Foster social inclusion and motivate personal development of young people through sports and outdoor activities.Promote outdoor activities as a tool to help inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities.
Youth Exchange4
Location：Italy
Other nationalities：Bulgaria，Greece
Theme：A social﹣environmental project that intends to promote social inclusion and continuous development，regarded as a process–of civil rights and active citizenship.Over 10 days，the group will participate in activities to raise awareness about the effect of our behavior on the environment.
（1）What do you focus on when travelling in France？
A.Gardening work.
B.Civil rights.
C.Developing social inclusion.
D.Rebuilding communities.
（2）If you are interested in protecting the environment，you can take part in .
A.Youth Exchange 1
B.Youth Exchange 2
C.Youth Exchange 3
D.Youth Exchange 4
（3）Which nationality are Youth Exchanges most popular with？
A.Spain.
B.Italy.
C.Ireland.
D.France.
12．（10分） Officials from Brazil's Indigenous （原住民） protection agency approached the hut in the middle of the Amazon rainforest.They were witnessing the first recorded dying out of an uncontacted tribe in the country's history.
The man lying there，the last member of his tribe had died and with him an entire culture and answers to a thousand questions.
Even his name was a mystery.He was known only as"the Man of the Hole"because of the dozens of holes he had dug over the years in his territory.His age，too，could only be guessed at.He appeared to be about 60，officials said.
It was a sad milestone for a country that in recent years has seen protections for Indigenous groups undermined by an administration that has prioritized（优先）development of the Amazon over conservation.
In Rondonia，the only resident of the 8，000﹣hectare area lived in complete isolation for at least 26 years after the rest of his group was killed by ranchers （农场主） advancing the agricultural frontier.
Brazil's Indigenous protection agency，Funai，made direct contact with the last surviving man only in 1996.Marcelo dos Santos，an Indigenous expert，said he was found～hiding in his hut."We tried to establish a conversation and offered corn and arrows，but he was terrified and very aggressive（具有攻击性）.From this moment on，we had to respect his isolation."
Even with protections in place，the territory suffered widespread deforestation up until about 13 years ago.Attacks on the last surviving man continued，as well，including one by armed gunmen in 2009，according to local news reports.
"For me，he was somehow incredible：to be able to survive on his own，not speak to anybody and avoid all contact maybe out of grief or determination，"said Fiona Watson，a research director at Survival International，a London﹣based rights organization.
（1）What did the death of"the Man of the Hole"suggest？
A.An uncontacted tribe went extinct.
B.An entire culture would be recorded.
C.The secrets around him would be unearthed.
D.The protection agency was unwilling to rescue him.
（2）The underlined word"undermined"in para.4 is closest in meaning to" ".
A.strengthened
B.monitored
C.sought
D.weakened
（3）What happened to"the Man of the Hole"in 1996？
A.He made the protection agency's approach a failure.
B.He witnessed the most severe deforestation in history.
C.He escaped being shot by a group of aggressive gunmen.
D.He learned more survival skills with arrows offered by Funai.
（4）What did Fiona Watson regard"the Man of the Hole"as？
A.A mystery.
B.An evolution.
C.A wonder.
D.A fortune.
13．（10分） A report from the UN warns that，countries' current commitments would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030，far less than the 45% cut，which scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to 1.5℃，the aim of the COP26 summit.
Antonio Guterres，the UN secretary﹣general，described the findings as a "thundering wake﹣up call"to world leaders，while experts called for action against fossil fuel companies.
Although more than 100 countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid﹣century，this would not be enough to avoid climate disasters，according to the UN emissions report，which examines the shortfall （差额） between countries' intentions and actions needed on the climate.Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear，and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.
Guterres said："The heat is on，and as the contents of the report show，the leadership we need is off.Far off.Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest COVID﹣19 finance and recovery resources in sustainable，cost﹣saving，planet﹣saving ways.As world leaders prepare for COP26，that is another thundering wake﹣up call.How many do we need？"
Inger Andersen，the director of the UN Environment Programme （UNEP） said："Climate change is no longer a future problem.It is a now problem.To stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5℃，we have 8 years to almost have greenhouse gas emissions：8 years to make the plans，put in place the policies，carry them out and deliver the cuts.The clock is ticking loudly."
Emissions fell by about 5.4% last year during COVID lockdowns，the report found，but only about one﹣fifth of the economic recovery spending goes towards reducing carbon emissions.This failure to "build back better"，despite promises by governments around the world，cast doubt on the world's willingness to make the economic shift necessary to settle the climate crisis，the UN said.
In the run﹣up to COP26，countries were supposed to submit（递交） national plans to cut emissions—called nationally determined contributions （NDCs）—for the next decade，a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement.But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs，and some governments had presented weak plans.
（1）Why were the findings described as a"thundering wake﹣up call"in Para.2？
A.Because the world has failed to live up to its current commitments.
B.Because the opportunities presented by COVID﹣19 have been wasted.
C.Because the world is falling behind in slowing down temperature rises.
D.Because the serious problems were brought about by global fossil fuels.
（2）The potential harm of global warming can be reduced if .
A.current commitments of many countries remain unchanged
B.huge gaps are bridged between previous and present proposals
C.global sustainable environmental resources develops significantly
D.strict measures are taken to reduce emissions t h the coming ten years
（3）What is the writer's purpose of quoting"How many do we need？"in Para.4？
A.To show the number of alarm clocks required.
B.To explain the reason for the world's wasting chances.
C.To ask for the number of the countries attending the meeting.
D.To stress the need to make the most of resources and reduce emissions.
（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Few countries have submitted plans to reduce the emissions.
B.Many countries' plans to cut emissions are far from satisfactory.
C.Most of the countries work under the Paris Climate Agreement.
D.Much progress in reducing emissions has been made these years.
14．（10分）
Today's amazing newspaper headline!
First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown's shoes.
No，not really.It isn't true.I invented it.But I wouldn't be surprised to see it one day soon.It seems that every week someone becomes"the first"or"the youngest"or "the oldest"or even"the first married couple"to do something that doesn't seem to be very useful to the rest of humanity.
This year I've seen headlines saying"The youngest person to sail the Atlantic alone"，"The youngest Briton to climb Mount Everest"，and"The first people to fly around the world in a hot air balloon".Why do they do it？Don't they have better things to do with their time and money？And why should I be interested anyway？
Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains，sailed across the oceans and flown around the world.People have already reached the most remote parts of our planet.Many of these things were done a long，long time ago.There just isn't anything left to explore nowadays.I suppose there's still a lot of the universe left，and the bottom of the oceans is still a bit of a mystery，but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that.So，those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before.So they have to try and do it in a new way，or be"the fastest"or"the youngest"or"the oldest"to do something that isn't really new at all.
What is so great about climbing Mount Everest these days anyway？It's become a popular tourist trip.People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas，who lead the way and carry the bags.At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down.As a result，Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up.The climbers are often inexperienced and when they get into trouble other people have to risk their lives to bring them down to safety.Helicopter crews have been killed trying to reach people who were stuck on the mountain.
In January 2003 a helicopter carrying two British men crashed into the sea near Antarctica.I'm not quite sure what they were trying to be"the first"or"the youngest"to do.The Chilean navy picked them up after a nine﹣hour rescue mission that cost tens of thousands of pounds，all paid for by the Chilean and British taxpayers.
Talking of taxpayers，many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers.A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia，so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them.There have been a lot of difficult，time﹣consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars.I suppose we can't just leave them to drown，but personally，I think we should give the bill to the people who are rescued.Perhaps they would think twice about doing it if they had to pay for expensive insurance premiums（ 保费）.Then I wouldn't have to read about them in the newspapers either.
（1）The writer invents the newspaper headline in paragraphs 1&2.to .
A.persuade readers of a new trend
B.entertain readers with his humor
C.get readers interested in the topic
D.remind readers of an important event
（2）By saying"It's become a popular tourist trip"，the writer means .
A.Mount Everest is now covered with a lot of rubbish
B.climbing Mount Everest has already lost its true meaning
C.it's impossible to climb up Mountain Everest without help
D.people without experience may get in trouble or even danger
（3）Which is the reason why many Australians dislike the record breakers？
A.They have to pay for the costs of rescuing the record breakers.
B.The Australian navy was not something intended for rescue work.
C.The record breakers should pay for their insurance premiums themselves.
D.A great number of people try to break records in the seas around Australia.
（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage？
A.It's All Been Done Before
B.Never Do Something New
C.You Are the Next Record Breaker
D.Be Responsible for Your Adventures
第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
15．（12.5分） When I started my career，I observed people in leadership roles and thought，"They're so lucky.They have so much control.So imagine my surprise when I took a course in business school on leadership and was told that as you get more senior，you are more dependent on other people. （1） .
They were right.I am dependent on my sales team，not the other way around.（2） .As a leader，what I can accomplish is not just what I can do myself but what everyone on my team does.
Companies in every country operate in ways that are right for their own cultures.（3） .One of those is that it is better to inspire than to direct.Yes，people will do what their bosses tell them to do in most organizations.But great leaders do not just want to secure compliance（顺从）.They want to elicit genuine enthusiasm，complete trust，and real dedication.（4） .If they believe in your organization's mission and they believe in you，they will not only do their daily tasks well，but they will do them with true passion.
No one won more hearts than my beloved husband Dave Goldberg who passed away suddenly two months ago.Dave was an inspiring leader.He was kind.He was generous.He was thoughtful.（5） .He did it as CEO of SurveyMonkey，an amazing company that he helped build.He did it for me and for our children.
Leadership is about making others better as a result of your presence and making sure that impact lasts in your absence.Like Dave，you can do this for others over the course of your career.
A.If they fall short，it is my mistake.
B.At the time，I thought my professors were wrong.
C.He raised the level of performance of everyone around him.
D.They don't just win the minds of their teams，they win their hearts.
E.But I believe there are some principles of leadership that are universal.
F.And different cultures shape different company principles to boost production.
G.Our friend Bill Gurley wrote a post where he urged others to"Be Like Dave."
第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16．（15分） There have been times over the years when I have tried to leave Hailsham behind，when I have told myself I shouldn't look back so much，But then there came a point when I just stopped resisting （反抗）.It had to do with this particular donor（器官捐献者）I had once，in my third year as a carer；it was his（1） when I mentioned I was from Hailsham.He had just（2） his third donation，it hadn't gone well，and he must have known that he wasn't going to（3） .He could hardly breathe，but he looked towards me and said："Hailsham.I bet that was a （an）（4） place."Then the next morning，when I was making conversation to keep his（5） off it all，and I asked（6） he had grown up，he mentioned some place in Dorset and his face went into a completely new kind of grimace（痛苦的表情）.And I realized then how（7） he didn't want to be reminded. （8） ，he wanted to hear about Hailsham.
So over the next five or six days，I told him whatever he wanted to know，and he'd lie there，all （9） ，a gentle smile breaking through.He'd ask me about the big things and the little things.About our guardians（看护人），about the football，the rounders，the little path，the duck pond，the food，the view from the Art room over the fields on a foggy morning.Sometimes he'd make me say things （10） ；things I'd told him only the day before，he'd ask about like I'd（11） told him."Did you have a pond？""Which guardian was your special favorite？"At first I thought this was just the drugs，but then I realized his mind was（12） enough.What he wanted was not just to（13） Hailsham，but to remember Hailsham，just like it had been his own childhood.He knew he was（14） to death and so that's what he was doing：getting me to describe things to him，so they'd really sink in，so that maybe during those sleepless ﹣nights，with the drugs and the pain and the exhaustion，the line would blur （变得模糊） between what were my（15） and what were his.
（1）
A.impression
B.suggestion
C.reaction
D.recommendation
（2）
A.come through
B.come up with
C.come across
D.come down with
（3）
A.deserve it
B.mean it
C.take it
D.make it
（4）
A.unbearable
B.ordinary
C.beautiful
D.orderly
（5）
A.hands
B.mind
C.strain
D.control
（6）
A.when
B.where
C.how
D.whether
（7）
A.slightly
B.hesitantly
C.admittedly
D.desperately
（8）
A.Instead
B.Otherwise
C.Moreover
D.Therefore
（9）
A.interested
B.shocked
C.confused
D.depressed
（10）
A.once and for all
B.far and wide
C.over and over
D.in no time
（11）
A.always
B.never
C.ever
D.usually
（12）
A.clear
B.simple
C.peaceful
D.absent
（13）
A.refer to
B.hear about
C.live in
D.think of
（14）
A.indifferent
B.scared
C.close
D.bored
（15）
A.descriptions
B.imaginations
C.ideas
D.memories
第二节 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
17．（10分） In 1818 Mary Shelley published Frankenstein，the story of a scientist who tries to create a superior being and instead creates a monster.In the last two centuries，this story（1） （tell） over and over again in countless variations.At first sight，the Frankenstein story appears to warn us that if we try to play God and engineer life we will be punished severely.Yet the story has a（2） （deep） meaning.
The Frankenstein myth confronts Homo sapiens（智人） with the fact that the last days are fast approaching.（3） some nuclear or ecological disaster strikes，the pace of technological development will soon lead to the replacement of Homo sapiens by completely different beings who possess not only different physiques，but also very different cognitive and emotional worlds.This is something most Sapiens find extremely worrying.We like to believe that in the future people just （4） us will travel from planet to planet in fast spaceships.We don't like to think about the（5） （possible） that in the future，beings with emotions and identities like ours will no longer exist，and our place will be taken by alien life forms（6） abilities beat our own.
We seek comfort in the fantasy that Dr.Frankenstein can create only terrible monsters，whom we would have to destroy in order to save the world.We like to tell the story that way because it implies that we are（7） best of all beings，that there never was and never will be anything better than us.Any attempt（8） （improve）us will inevitably fail，because even if our bodies might be improved，you cannot touch the human spirit.
We would have a hard time（9） （accept） the fact that scientists could engineer spirits as well as bodies，and that future Dr.Frankenstein could therefore create（10） （true） superior to us，something that will look at us as something condescendingly（居高临下地）as we look at the Neanderthals（穴居人）.
第四部分 课内语言知识运用 第一节 语法知识填空 根据括号内提示，在空白处填入正确形式，每空一词。
18．（1分）Little Harold Bride （know） that he would play a part in.
19．（1分） he was（尽管他还是个孩子），he managed to sound the alarm when the fire broke out.
20．（1分）Up into the blue sky （fly） the bird when we passed by its nest.
21．（1分）I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and was my friend Mike.
22．（1分） （seat） under the tree was Saul，spear in hand，with all his officials standing around him.
23．（1分）Standing inside （be） lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes ，who seemed very frightened and worried.
24．（1分）When （ask） for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. （所给词的适当形式填空）
25．（1分）Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as （expect）.
26．（1分）It was after Mrs Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.
第二节 单词填空 根据句子内容和首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确。每空一词。
27．（1分）Easy access to material，abundant high﹣tech human resources，and c transportation are the main factors to set up a factory in Wuxi.
28．（1分）A university graduate is expected to be c of addressing such a problem even under stress.
29．（1分）The police are a to the public for any information about the missing girl.
30．（1分）It is reported that Apple will i a new product next week.
31．（1分）Made from bamboo and f traditional Chinese paintings，Weifang Kite was included in the national level intangible cultural heritage lists in 2006.
32．（1分）Some of this art was sold abroad，while much of the rest was completely d or lost during the war.
33．（1分）Memories f in my mind and various images came up vividly.
34．（1分）As the world's resources become rarer，the natural habitats of animals continue to decrease.As a result，the s of some species is threatened.
35．（1分）Closing these branches is one of the long﹣term s of our company to cut costs while improve efficiency.
36．（1分）Demonstrators staged a peaceful p outside the UN Headquarters against the new working policy.
37．（1分）If temperatures continue to rise，it could have disastrous c for agriculture.
38．（1分）He must be fairly intelligent，o he wouldn't have got into Stanford University.
39．（1分）Mr Baker's assistant telephoned to c his appointment with the chairman.
40．（1分）It suddenly o to me that he might have forgotten the conference completely.
41．（1分）She stormed out of the room and c the door shut behind her. （根据首字母单词拼写）
第三节 词组填空 根据句子内容和括号中所给出的中文意思，写出所缺词组，使句子意思完整、语法正确，每空一词。
42．（1分）I came to believe that everything would turn out to be fine in the end and more opportunities were （即将发生）for us.
43．（1分）Central banks and governments helped （注入活力） the global economy and reduce the effects of the crisis.
44．（1分）These dangerous chemicals are （逐渐增加） in our lakes and ponds，threatening most living things inside.
45．（1分）He quickly （耗尽） money with such a lifestyle，and it was not until then that he started to regret.
46．（1分）She was overjoyed when the police sent the child to her （安然无恙）.
47．（1分）Much （使她欣慰的是），someone had recognized her missing puppy and returned it to her.
48．（1分）The woman was （正要做某事） giving birth when ambulance staff arrived.
49．（1分）Once I made a fortune，the first thing that my （突然想起） was to help the community as much as I could.
第四节 句子翻译
50．（2分）文学的第二个特质是在于它能打动我们的情感，启发我们的想象力。
51．（2分）作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
52．（2分）人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云从火山口喷薄而出。
第五部分 写作
53．（17分）假如你是李华，你的好友 Alice发来邮件说她因为体重过重很苦恼、焦虑。请你给她回封邮件，内容包括：
（1）表示理解；
（2）提出建议。（至少两点）
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear Alice，
I'm sorry to hear that___________.
Yours，
Li Hua
2022-2023学年江苏省南京师大附中高一（下）期末英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
第一部分 听力 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
略
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
略
第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
11．【答案】ADB
【分析】这是一篇应用文。作者介绍了几个青年交流活动。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Youth Exchange 2下面的Location：France（位置；法国）和Theme：Organic gardening（主题：有机园艺），可知你在法国旅行时专注于园艺工作，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Youth Exchange4下面的Theme：A social﹣environmental project that intends to promote social inclusion and continuous development，regarded as a process–of civil rights and active citizenship（主题：一个旨在促进社会包容和持续发展的社会环境项目，被视为一个公民权利和积极公民身份的过程），可知如果你对保护环境感兴趣，你可以参加Youth Exchange4，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文可知，Youth Exchange 1，Youth Exchange 2，Youth Exchange 4都提到了Italy，所以意大利人对Youth Exchange这项活动最感兴趣，故选B。
12．【答案】ADAC
【分析】巴西的亚马逊雨林中部的一个部落随着其最后一个成员的离世而消失了，文章分析了其中的原因，指出了巴西政府对于保护土著群体的不作为。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Officials from Brazil's Indigenous （原住民） protection agency approached the hut in the middle of the Amazon rainforest.They were witnessing the first recorded dying out of an uncontacted tribe in the country's history. （巴西土著保护机构的官员走近亚马逊雨林中心的小屋。他们目睹了该国历史上第一个有记录的死于未接触部落的小屋。）第二段The man lying there，the last member of his tribe had died and with him an entire culture and answers to a thousand questions.（躺在那里的那个人，他部落的最后一个成员已经去世了，他带来了整个文化和一千个问题的答案。）可知，随着这个男子的离世，他所属的部落消失了。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第四段It was a sad milestone for a country that in recent years has seen protections for Indigenous groups undermined by an administration that has prioritized（优先）development of the Amazon over conservation.（这对一个国家来说是一个可悲的里程碑，近年来，政府将开发亚马逊置于保护之上，破坏了对土著群体的保护。）可知，政府优先考虑开发亚马逊，而不是对这个地方的保护，导致土著群体的消失，导致悲剧的发生，划线词意为"削弱"，与weakened意思相近。A.strengthened加强；B.monitored监控；C.sought寻找；D.weakened削弱。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第六段Brazil's Indigenous protection agency，Funai，made direct contact with the last surviving man only in 1996.Marcelo dos Santos，an Indigenous expert，said he was found～hiding in his hut."We tried to establish a conversation and offered corn and arrows，but he was terrified and very aggressive（具有攻击性）.From this moment on，we had to respect his isolation."（巴西土著保护机构富奈直到1996年才与最后一名幸存男子取得直接联系。土著专家马塞洛•多斯桑托斯说，他被发现藏在自己的小屋里。"我们试图建立一种对话，并提供了玉米和箭，但他很害怕，非常好斗。从这一刻起，我们必须尊重他的孤立。"）可知，1996年，洞人使保护机构的做法失败了。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段For me，he was somehow incredible：to be able to survive on his own，not speak to anybody and avoid all contact maybe out of grief or determination（对我来说，他在某种程度上是不可思议的：能够独自生存，不与任何人交谈，避免一切接触，也许是出于悲伤或决心）可知，Fiona Watson认为洞人是奇迹。故选C。
13．【答案】ADDB
【分析】这篇短文主要写了以下几点：联合国的一份报告警告称，各国目前的承诺只能在2030年前将碳排放减少约7.5%，远远低于科学家认为需要将全球温度上升限制在1.5℃的45%减排目标。联合国秘书长安东尼奥•古特雷斯将这一发现描述为对世界领导人的"惊人警示"，而专家们呼吁采取行动对抗化石燃料公司。虽然超过100个国家承诺在本世纪中叶实现净零排放，但根据联合国的排放报告，这并不足以避免气候灾难。报告发现，许多净零承诺不明确，除非伴随着本十年的严格减排措施，否则将导致全球变暖达到可能灾难性的程度。联合国环境规划署主任英格•安德森表示："气候变化不再是未来的问题，而是现在的问题。为了有机会将全球变暖限制在1.5℃，我们还有8年时间几乎实现温室气体减排：8年时间制定计划，制定政策，执行并实现减排。时间正在紧迫。"报告发现，去年在COVID封锁期间排放量下降了约5.4%，但只有约五分之一的经济复苏支出用于减少碳排放。联合国表示，尽管世界各国政府承诺"重建得更好"，但这种未能实现经济转型的失败，对解决气候危机的意愿产生了怀疑。在COP26之前，各国应提交未来十年减排计划（称为国家自主贡献，NDCs），这是2015年巴黎气候协议的要求。但联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有一半的国家提交了新的NDCs，一些政府提出了薄弱的计划。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A report from the UN warns that，countries' current commitments would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030，far less than the 45% cut（联合国的一份报告警告说，到2030年，各国目前的承诺只能减少约7.5%的碳排放，远远低于45%的减排目标）可知，作者在第二段将这个发现比作"响亮的警钟"是因为世界未能履行其目前的承诺。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear，and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.（人们发现，许多净零承诺并不明确，除非在这十年严格削减排放，否则全球变暖将达到潜在的灾难性程度。）可知，只有采取严格的措施来减少未来十年的排放才可以减少全球变暖的潜在危害。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest COVID﹣19 finance and recovery resources in sustainable，cost﹣saving，planet﹣saving ways.As world leaders prepare for COP26，that is another thundering wake﹣up call.（各国正在浪费以可持续、节约成本和保护地球的方式投入COVID﹣19融资和恢复资源的巨大机会。在世界各国领导人为COP26做准备之际，这是另一个雷鸣般的警钟。）可知，作者在第四段说"我们需要多少"是为了强调充分利用资源和减少排放的必要性。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs，and some governments had presented weak plans.（但联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有一半的国家提交了新的国家自主贡献，一些政府提出的计划也很薄弱。）可知，许多国家的减排计划远不能令人满意。故选B。
14．【答案】CBAA
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者对现在人们进行的一些没有意义的冒险活动提出质疑。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据标题的感叹句Today's amazing newspaper headline（今天令人惊叹的报纸标题）；第一段的First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown's shoes（第一个戴着米老鼠耳朵穿着小丑鞋走到南极的四口之家）；第二段No，not really.It isn't true.I invented it.But I wouldn't be surprised to see it one day soon（不，不是。这不是真的。它是我发明的。但如果很快看到它，我一点儿也不会感到奇怪），可知作者发明了报纸标题，是为了使读者对这个话题感兴趣，故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段的It's become a popular tourist trip.People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas，who lead the way and carry the bags.At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down.As a result，Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up（它已经成为一种受欢迎的旅游旅行。人们花数千美元由当地的夏尔巴人带上这座山，夏尔巴人带路并背着袋子。任何时候都有大约1000人在攀登或返回途中。因此，珠穆朗玛峰到处都是垃圾，夏尔巴不得不专程上山捡垃圾），可知作者说"这已经成为一次受欢迎的旅游旅行"，意思是攀登珠穆朗玛峰已经失去了真正的意义，变成了普通的旅游，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段的Talking of taxpayers，many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers.A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia，so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them.There have been a lot of difficult，time﹣consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars（说到纳税人，许多澳大利亚人有点受够了这项破纪录者。许多试图打破帆船或赛艇纪录的人在澳大利亚周围的海域遇到了麻烦，所以澳大利亚海军不得不派遣船只来拯救他们。近年来，澳大利亚政府花了数百万美元执行了许多艰难而耗时的救援任务），可知许多澳大利亚人不喜欢破纪录者的原因是他们必须为拯救破纪录者付出代价，故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第四段的So，those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before（所以，那些觉得需要冒险的人只能做以前做过的事情），可知很多人为了所谓的出名，做了一些没有意义的探险，造成不必要的损失，这些探险前人已经做过了，所以A.It's All Been Done Before（以前都做过）是最好的标题，故选A。
第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
15．【答案】BAEDC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一个好的领导需要具备的特质。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据前句So imagine my surprise when I took a course in business school on leadership and was told that as you get more senior，you are more dependent on other people（所以你们可以想象的到，当我在商学院选修领导力课程时被告知，职位越高将会越依赖他人时，我有多么的惊讶）；以及后句They were right（他们是对的），可知表示"当时，我认为我的教授们错了"的选项B可以承接前文职位越高将会越依赖他人的话题，介绍对这个结论的看法的变化，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据后句As a leader，what I can accomplish is not just what I can do myself but what everyone on my team does（作为一名领导者，我能完成的不仅仅是我自己能做的，还有团队中每个人都能做的），可知表示"如果他们做不到，那是我的错"的选项A符合语境，介绍领导要负责团队中每个人都能做的事，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句Companies in every country operate in ways that are right for their own cultures（每个国家的公司都以适合本国文化的方式运营），可知表示"但我相信，有些领导原则是普遍的"的选项E可以承接前文，构成转折关系，虽然每个国家的公司都以适合本国文化的方式运营，但是有些领导原则是普遍的，故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句But great leaders do not just want to secure compliance（顺从）.They want to elicit genuine enthusiasm，complete trust，and real dedication（但伟大的领导者不仅仅希望确保合顺从。他们希望获得真正的热情、完全的信任和真正的奉献精神），可知表示"他们不仅赢得了团队的听从，还赢得了他们的心"的选项D可以承接前文，说明伟大的领导者不仅要赢得团队的听从，还要赢得他们的心，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据前句Dave was an inspiring leader.He was kind.He was generous.He was thoughtful（戴夫是一位鼓舞人心的领导者。他善良、慷慨、体贴）；以及后句He did it as CEO of SurveyMonkey，an amazing company that he helped build.He did it for me and for our children（他是SurveyMonkey的首席执行官，他帮助建立了一家令人惊叹的公司。他这样做是为了我和我们的孩子），可知表示"他提高了周围每个人的表现水平"的选项C符合语境，介绍SurveyMonkey的首席执行官戴夫，故选C。
第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16．【答案】CADCB BDABC BABCD
【分析】这段短文主要讲述了一个护理员在照顾一个即将死去的捐赠者时，他向捐赠者描述了自己在Hailsham度过的童年时光。捐赠者对Hailsham表现出浓厚的兴趣，他希望通过听护理员的描述来记住Hailsham，仿佛那是他自己的童年回忆。护理员意识到捐赠者不愿被提醒起自己的过去，但他仍然坚持向捐赠者描述Hailsham的点点滴滴，希望能让这些回忆在捐赠者的心中深深扎根。
【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.impression印象；B.suggestion建议；C.reaction反应；D.recommendation推荐。句意：当我提到我来自黑尔舍姆时，他的反应是这样的。根据下文He could hardly breathe，but he looked towards me and said可知此处是说他的反应。故选C。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.come through度过难关；B.come up with想出；C.come across偶然遇见；D.come down with患上（疾病）。句意：他刚刚完成了他的第三次捐赠，但进行得并不顺利，他一定知道他不会成功了。根据空后his third donation可知此处是指完成了第三次捐赠。故选A。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.deserve it值得；B.mean it说话算数；C.take it接受；D.make it成功。句意：他刚刚完成了他的第三次捐赠，但进行得并不顺利，他一定知道他不会成功了。根据空前it hadn't gone well可知进行得不顺利，因此是指不会成功。故选D。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unbearable难以忍受的；B.ordinary普通的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.orderly有条理的。句意：我打赌那地方一定很美。根据下文he wanted to hear about Hailsham可知他喜欢黑尔舍姆这个地方，因此是说那个地方很美。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.hands手；B.mind思想；C.strain压力；D.control控制。句意：第二天早上，当我和他聊天，想让他不去想那件事时，我问他在哪里长大，他提到了多塞特的某个地方，他的脸出现一种新的痛苦的表情。根据本句when I was making conversation to keep his（5）________ off it all可知此处是指不让他想这件事。故选B。
（6）考查连接词及语境理解。A.when什么时候；B.where哪里；C.how如何；D.whether是否。句意：第二天早上，当我和他聊天，想让他不去想那件事时，我问他在哪里长大，他提到了多塞特的某个地方，他的脸出现一种新的痛苦的表情。根据空后he had grown up可知此处是问在哪里长大。故选B。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.slightly稍微；B.hesitantly迟疑地；C.admittedly不可否认地；D.desperately非常。句意：然后我意识到他是多么不愿意被提到这个地方。根据空后he didn't want to be reminded可知此处是指非常不想被提及。故选D。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.Instead相反；B.Otherwise否则；C.Moreover此外；D.Therefore因此。句意：相反，他想听听黑尔舍姆的情况。根据空后he wanted to hear about Hailsham可知此处与前文形成对比。故选A。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.interested感兴趣的；B.shocked惊讶的；C.confused困惑的；D.depressed抑郁的。句意：所以在接下来的五六天里，我告诉他他想知道的一切，他躺在那里，震惊不已，脸上露出温柔的微笑。根据空前I told him whatever he wanted to know可知此处是指对作者提到的事物感到震惊。故选B。
（10）考查副词短语及语境理解。A.once and for all一劳永逸；B.far and wide四面八方；C.over and over反复；D.in no time立刻，马上。句意：有时他会让我一遍又一遍地说一些我前一天才告诉他的事情。根据空前he'd make me say things可知此处是指一遍又一遍地说。故选C。
（11）考查副词及语境理解。A.always总是；B.never从不；C.ever曾经；D.usually通常。句意：他会像我从来没有告诉过他一样问我。根据空后told him可知此处是指从来没有告诉过他的事情。故选B。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.clear清楚的；B.simple简单的；C.peaceful和平的；D.absent缺席的。句意：一开始我以为这只是药物的问题，但后来我意识到他的头脑足够清醒。根据下文What he wanted was not just to （13）_______ Hailsham，but to remember Hailsham可知此处是指他的头脑是清醒的。故选A。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.refer to指的是；B.hear about听说；C.live in居住在；D.think of想起。句意：他想要的不仅仅是听到黑尔舍姆的故事，而是记住黑尔舍姆，就像他自己的童年一样。根据空后but to remember Hailsham可知此处是指不仅想要听作者说。故选B。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.indifferent冷漠的；B.scared害怕的；C.close接近的；D.bored无聊的。句意：他知道他离死亡不远了，所以这就是他所做的。根据前文提到的He could hardly breathe可知此处是指快要死了。故选C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.descriptions描述；B.imaginations想象；C.ideas想法；D.memories记忆。句意：让我向他描述一些事情，这样他就能真正理解这些事情，这样也许在那些不眠之夜，在药物、疼痛和疲惫的折磨下，我的记忆和他的记忆之间的界限就会模糊。根据空前the line would blur between可知此处指的是他们之间的记忆。故选D。
第二节 短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
17．【答案】（1）has been told（2）deeper（3）If（4）like（5）possibility（6）with（7）the（8）to improve（9）accepting（10）truly
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了1818年，玛丽•雪莱出版了《弗兰肯斯坦》给我们所带来的警示以及其更深的含义。
【解答】（1）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的两个世纪里，这个故事以无数的变体被一遍又一遍地讲述。根据时间状语In the last two centuries，可知用现在完成时态，tell和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为名词单数，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填has been told。
（2）考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，这个故事还有更深的含义。表示"更深的"，所以用形容词比较级作定语，故填deeper。
（3）考查条件状语从句。句意：如果发生某种核灾难或生态灾难，科技发展的速度将很快导致智人被完全不同的生物所取代，这些生物不仅拥有不同的体型，而且拥有非常不同的认知和情感世界。表示"如果"，引导条件状语从句，所以用if，句首单词首字母大写，故填If。
（4）考查介词。句意：我们愿意相信，在未来，像我们一样的人将乘坐快速的宇宙飞船从一个星球旅行到另一个星球。just like"就像"，后跟代词，故填like。
（5）考查可数名词的单数。句意：我们不愿意去想这样一种可能性：在未来，像我们这样拥有情感和身份的生物将不复存在，我们的位置将被能力超过我们的外星生命形式所取代。作介词的宾语，所以用名词possibility，前面有定冠词，所以用名词单数特指，故填possibility。
（6）考查介词。句意：我们不愿意去想这样一种可能性：在未来，像我们这样拥有情感和身份的生物将不复存在，我们的位置将被能力超过我们的外星生命形式所取代。表示"具有"，后跟名词，所以用介词with，故填with。
（7）考查冠词。句意：我们喜欢这样讲故事，因为它暗示着我们是所有生物中最好的，从来没有，也永远不会有任何东西比我们更好。形容词最高级前面加定冠词，故填the。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：任何改善我们的尝试都将不可避免地失败，因为即使我们的身体可以得到改善，你也无法触及人类的精神。attempt后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填to improve。
（9）考查动名词。句意：我们将很难接受这样一个事实：科学家不仅可以设计身体，也可以设计精神，未来的弗兰肯斯坦博士因此可以创造出真正比我们优越的东西，像我们看待尼安德特人一样居高临下地看待我们。have a hard time doing sth."做某事有困难"，为固定搭配，故填accepting。
（10）考查副词。句意：我们将很难接受这样一个事实：科学家不仅可以设计身体，也可以设计精神，未来的弗兰肯斯坦博士因此可以创造出真正比我们优越的东西，像我们看待尼安德特人一样居高临下地看待我们。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填truly。
第四部分 课内语言知识运用 第一节 语法知识填空 根据括号内提示，在空白处填入正确形式，每空一词。
18．【答案】did；know
【分析】哈罗德•布赖德几乎不知道他会参与其中。
【解答】否定副词little置于句首时，句子要用倒装结构，因描述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时，本句将助动词did置于主语Harold Bride前构成部分倒装。
故填：did；know。
19．【答案】Child as/though
【分析】尽管他还是个孩子，但火灾发生时他还是设法拉响了警报。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"尽管他还是个孩子"可译为child as/though he was，as/though"尽管"，引导让步状语从句，单数可数名词child前不可加不定冠词，单词child在句首，首字母大写。
故填：Child as/though。
20．【答案】flew
【分析】当我们经过那只鸟的巢时，它飞上了蓝天。
【解答】fly"飞"，表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装，即将整个谓语提前至主语之前，本题中，up into the blue sky位于句首，句子应使用完全倒装，将谓语动词"飞（fly）"提前至主语之前，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时。
故填：flew。
21．【答案】it
【分析】我在克服酒瘾方面遇到了麻烦，那是我的朋友迈克。
【解答】分析句子结构可知，此处为and连接的两个并列句，要填的词为it指代前面的trouble，作主语。
故填：it。
22．【答案】Seated
【分析】扫罗手拿枪坐在树下，他的臣仆都站在他周围。
【解答】be seated"就座"，本句是倒装句，过去分词seated置于句首，句子要用全部倒装结构，句首单词要大写。
故填：Seated。
23．【答案】were
【分析】里面站着许多奇怪的生物，他们长着白色的皮肤和黑色的大眼睛，看起来非常害怕和担心。
【解答】本句为倒装句式，正确的语序应当是lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes were standing inside.因描述的是过去正在发生的事情，要用过去进行时，主语lots of strange creatures是复数，be动词用were。
故填：were。
24．【答案】asked
【分析】当被问及对自己的教学工作有何看法时，菲利普说，他觉得这很有趣，也很有收获。
【解答】ask for"索要；求见"。分析句子，when引导时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且ask和主语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词asked。
故填：asked。
25．【答案】expected
【分析】工程师们注意到管道没有像预期的那样膨胀。
【解答】expect"预期"，as expected"如预料的一样"，是固定搭配。
故填：expected。
26．【答案】that
【分析】多德夫人成年后才意识到父亲作为单亲父母抚养孩子所表现出的力量和无私。
【解答】根据句意和结构可知这句话使用了强调句，结构是It was+强调部分+that+其余部分。
故填：that。
第二节 单词填空 根据句子内容和首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确。每空一词。
27．【答案】convenient
【分析】物质便利、高科技人力资源丰富、交通便利是在无锡建厂的主要因素。
【解答】根据句意，物质便利、高科技人力资源丰富、交通便利是在无锡建厂的主要因素。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用形容词convenient"便利的"作定语，修饰后文名词transportation。
故填：convenient。
28．【答案】capable
【分析】人们期待一个大学毕业生即使在压力下也应该能够解决这样的问题。
【解答】根据句意，人们期待一个大学毕业生即使在压力下也应该能够解决这样的问题。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用形容词capable"有能力的"作表语，be capable of"能够"。
故填：capable。
29．【答案】 appealing
【分析】警察正在呼吁公众提供关于失踪的女孩的信息。
【解答】根据句意，警察正在呼吁公众提供关于失踪的女孩的信息。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用动词appeal"呼吁"作谓语，结合句意及空前are可知，句子使用了现在进行时，故此处应用现在分词。
故填：appealing。
30．【答案】issue
【分析】据报道，苹果公司将于下周发布一款新产品。
【解答】根据句意，据报道，苹果公司将于下周发布一款新产品。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用动词issue"发行，发布"作从句谓语，情态动词will后应用动词原形。
故填：issue。
31．【答案】featuring
【分析】由竹子制成，以中国传统绘画为特色的潍坊风筝，在2006年被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
【解答】根据首字母提示和句子结构，可知表示"以......为特色"，用动词feature，这里作方式状语，和Weifang Kite构成主动关系，所以用现在分词featuring。
故填：featuring。
32．【答案】destroyed
【分析】这些艺术品中的一部分被卖到了国外，而其余的大部分在战争中被完全破坏或丢失。
【解答】根据首字母提示和句子结构，可知作谓语，表示"破坏"用动词destroy，表示和主语much of the rest的被动关系，was后用destroy的过去分词。
故填：destroyed。
33．【答案】flooded
【分析】回忆涌上我的脑海，各种各样的画面栩栩如生。
【解答】根据首字母提示和句子结构，可知作谓语，用动词flood表示"涌入"，前后时态一致，谓语动词用过去式flooded。
故填：flooded。
34．【答案】survival
【分析】随着世界资源的日益稀少，动物的自然栖息地不断减少。因此，一些物种的生存受到威胁。
【解答】根据句意结合首字母，考虑名词survival"生存"，根据后面的is，应用名词的单数形式。
故填：survival。
35．【答案】strategies
【分析】关闭这些分支机构是我们公司在提高效率的同时削减成本的长期战略之一。
【解答】根据句意，关闭这些分支机构是我们公司在提高效率的同时削减成本的长期战略之一。结合单词首字母及冠词the可知，此处应用名词strategy"策略"作介词of的宾语，one of...意为"......之一"，其后应用可数名词复数。
故填：strategies。
36．【答案】parade
【分析】示威者在联合国总部外举行和平游行，反对新的工作政策。
【解答】根据句意，示威者在联合国总部外举行和平游行，反对新的工作政策。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用名词parade"游行"作宾语，结合空前冠词a可知，此处应用其单数形式。
故填：parade。
37．【答案】consequences
【分析】如果气温继续上升，可能会对农业造成灾难性后果。
【解答】根据句意，如果气温继续上升，可能会对农业造成灾难性后果。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用名词consequence"后果"作宾语，结合语境可知，后果不止一个，故此处应用其复数形式。
故填：consequences。
38．【答案】otherwise
【分析】他一定相当聪明，否则他就进不了斯坦福大学。
【解答】根据句意和首字母提示可知此空使用副词otherwise意为"否则"。
故填：otherwise。
39．【答案】confirm
【分析】贝克先生的助手打电话来确认他与主席的约会。
【解答】根据句意"贝克先生的助手打电话来确认他与主席的约会。 "结合首字母，考虑confirm"确认"，不定式符号to后接动词原形。
故填：confirm。
40．【答案】occurred
【分析】我突然想到他可能完全忘记了这次会议。
【解答】根据句意"我突然想到他可能完全忘记了这次会议。"结合首字母，考虑occur"想起"，it occurs to sb.that……是一个句型，意为"某人突然想起……"，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时。
故填：occurred。
41．【答案】crashed
【分析】她怒气冲冲地走出房间，把身后的门砰的一声关上。
【解答】结合上文stormed可知，空格处表达关门的动作很大，可以用动词crash，crash the door shut 意为"把门砰的一声关上"符合语境；根据前面的stormed可知，本句为一般过去时。
故填：crashed。
第三节 词组填空 根据句子内容和括号中所给出的中文意思，写出所缺词组，使句子意思完整、语法正确，每空一词。
42．【答案】in store
【分析】我开始相信，最终一切都会好起来，我们还有更多的机会。
【解答】分析句子结构可知要填的词作表语，根据汉语意思"即将发生"，可知用介词短语in store作表语。
故填：in store。
43．【答案】 to vitalise
【分析】各国央行和政府帮助重振了全球经济，减少了危机的影响。
【解答】分析句子结构，help后跟动词不定式，根据汉语意思"注入活力"，可知用 to vitalise后跟名词短语the global economy作宾语。
故填：to vitalise。
44．【答案】gradually；increasing
【分析】这些危险的化学物质在我们的湖泊和池塘中逐渐增加，威胁着里面的大多数生物。
【解答】根据句意，表示"逐渐"应用副词gradually，表示"增加"应用动词increase，结合句意及空前be动词are可知，句子使用了现在进行时，故此处应用现在分词。
故填：gradually；increasing。
45．【答案】used up
【分析】这样的生活方式很快就把钱花光了，直到那时他才开始后悔。
【解答】分析句子结构，可知要填的词作谓语，根据汉语意思"耗尽"，可知用动词短语use up，根据后面句子的时态，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态。
故填：used up。
46．【答案】completely uninjured
【分析】当警察把孩子安然无恙地送到她身边时，她欣喜若狂。
【解答】分析句子结构可知要填的部分在句子中作状语，说明child的情况，所以用形容词短语，根据汉语意思"安然无恙"，可知用completely uninjured。
故填：completely uninjured。
47．【答案】to her relief
【分析】使她欣慰的是，有人认出了她丢失的小狗，并把它还给了她。
【解答】根据汉语意思"使她欣慰的是"和前面的much，可知用固定搭配to her relief作状语。
故填：to her relief。
48．【答案】on the point of
【分析】这名妇女正要分娩，这时救护人员赶到了。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"正要做某事"可译为on the point of，was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb.did是一个固定句型，表示"当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事"。
故填：on the point of。
49．【答案】crossed；mind
【分析】一旦我发了财，我脑海中闪现的第一件事就是尽我所能帮助社区。
【解答】分析句子结构可知要填的词作谓语，根据前面句子的时态，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，根据汉语意思"突然想起"，可知用cross one's mind。
故填：crossed；mind。
第四节 句子翻译
50．【答案】The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.
【分析】文学的第二个特质是在于它能打动我们的情感，启发我们的想象力。
【解答】1.因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2.The second quality of literature表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式is；3.appeal to our feelings and imagination打动我们的情感，启发我们的想象力。
故填：The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.
51．【答案】As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
【分析】作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
【解答】1.因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2.play a significant role in"在……中起到重要作用或影响"，介词in后接动词时用动名词形式；3.as the largest rainforest in the world作为世界上最大的雨林；maintain the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡。
故填：As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
52．【答案】The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable fear，a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.
【分析】人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。
【解答】1.因描述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时；2.looked upwards（抬头仰望）和saw a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano（看见一团庞大的云从火山口喷薄而出）是并列谓语；3.with unspeakable fear（感到莫名恐惧）介词短语作状语；see sb.doing sth.（看见某人正在做某事）中现在分词作宾语补足语。
故填：The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable fear，a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.
第五部分 写作
53．【答案】Dear Alice，
I'm terribly sorry to know that you are troubled by your weight problem.I understand how you feel.It's normal for teenagers to feel anxious and annoyed if they are overweight.
Maybe I can give you some advice and things will get better soon.Besides having a healthy diet，I recommend that you try to do some healthy exercises，such as playing ball games and swimming.It is a good way to keep fit and healthy.If you keep on doing these，I am sure you will become slimmer and healthier.In addition，you should not mind your own appearance a lot.Everyone has different appearance and you should tell your friends about this.I am sure they will be friendly to you again.
I hope my advice works.Write to me again if you have further problems.
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】高分句型一
I'm sorry to hear that you are troubled by your weight problem.
翻译：我很遗憾听到你被体重问题所困扰。
分析：that引导的宾语从句的使用；be done被动语态的使用。
高分句型二
If you keep on doing these，I am sure you will become slimmer and healthier.
翻译：如果你坚持做这些，我相信你会变得更苗条、更健康。
分析：if引导的条件状语从句的使用。
【解答】Dear Alice，
I'm sorry to hear that you are troubled by your weight problem.【高分句型一】I understand how you feel.It's normal for teenagers to feel anxious and annoyed if they are overweight.
Maybe I can give you some advice and things will get better soon.（表示理解）Besides having a healthy diet，I recommend that you try to do some healthy exercises，such as playing ball games and swimming.It is a good way to keep fit and healthy.If you keep on doing these，I am sure you will become slimmer and healthier.【高分句型二】In addition，you should not mind your own appearance a lot.Everyone has different appearance and you should tell your friends about this.I am sure they will be friendly to you again.（提出建议）
I hope my advice works.Write to me again if you have further problems.
Yours，
Li Hua
声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2023/8/17 19:17:31；用户：刘彩琳；邮箱：18175147239；学号：2732
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