专题17.Unit1词汇与语法--2023年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版）

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Unit1词汇与语法

一．重点单词记忆

1．path n．
2．individual n．
3. character n．
4．positive adj.
5．acquire vt.
6．effort n．
7．resource n．
8．attitude n．
9．goal n．
10．focus n．
11．remind vt.
12．aim n．
13．style n．
14．technique n．
15. material n．
16．poster n．
17．secondary adj.
18．exchange n．& vt.
19．biology n．
20．butter n．
二．词汇拓展
1．potential n．潜力； 可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的→ adv.潜在地，可能地
2．challenge n．& vt.挑战；质疑→ adj.有挑战性的
3．advance n．进步，进展；前进，行进 vt.& vi.发展，进步→ adj.先进的，高级的
4．amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→ vt.使惊讶→ adj.惊讶的
5．confidence n．信心，信任；把握→ adj.自信的
6．equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人(物) v．与……相等vt.比得上→ adv.平等地
7．balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n．均衡，平衡；平衡能力→ adj.平衡的
8．responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的→ n．责任
9．improve vt.& vi.改进，改善→ n．改进
10．proposal n．提议，建议，动议→ vt.提议
11．professional adj.职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n．专门人员，专业人士
→ n．职业，专业
12．host n．主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办；主持→ n．女主人，女主持人
13．tough adj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的→ adv.艰难地；粗暴地
14．alarm n．闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕→ adj.惊恐的
→ adj.使人惊恐的
15．contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠→ v．捐献；贡献
16．fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏→ adj.幸运的→ n．大笔的钱；时运；命运
17．option n．可选择的事物，选择；选修课→ adj.可选择的
18．attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→ adj.吸引人的→ n．有吸引力的事物
三．知识解析
知识点01 Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create，what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop！
amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的
(1)amaze vt.使惊讶
(2)amazed adj.惊讶的
be amazed at/by...对……感到惊讶
(3)amazement n．惊讶；惊愕
to one’s amazement让某人惊讶的是
in amazement惊讶地；惊愕地
注意：amazed adj.惊讶的，用来形容人的心理、表情或声音等；amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，用来形容事或物。

单句语法填空
① our amazement，she ate so many apples in five minutes.
②Actually，it (amaze) me that he had given up such a good opportunity.
③His (amaze) look on his face suggested that he was very surprised.
④We were amazed at the exhibits.We couldn’t help taking pictures all the time.(用so...that 将这两个句子合并为一句)
.
知识点2. Carefully plan your study，set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities. balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性
n．均衡，平衡；平衡能力
(1)balance...against... 把……与……进行权衡
keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
(2)balanced adj.平衡的
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①To keep healthy and slim，we should keep a (balance) diet.
②Suddenly, and fell off the bike.
突然，这个女孩失去平衡，从自行车上摔了下来。
③The doctor .
医生建议我要均衡饮食。
知识点3.Of equal importance are good study habits，useful skills and a positive attitude.
be＋of＋抽象名词；倒装句
(1)be of importance为“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质，常见的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help等。
(2)本句是一个完全倒装句。其正常语序为Good study habits，useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.为了平衡句子结构，将表语置于句首。这类倒装结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。

[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①The old map will be great use while you are traveling.
②We know that learning English well is of great (important)．
③The days are gone when women were looked down upon.
→Gone when women were looked down upon.(改为倒装句)
④I have the confidence that my advice will be very valuable to you.
→I have the confidence that my advice will to you.
知识点4 Over the next three years，you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person.
while引导时间状语从句
(1)本句中while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)while意为“然而；可是”，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。
(3)while意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折。
注意：while意为“虽然，尽管”时，与although，though用法相同，不与but连用。

[完成句子]
① ，I noticed a police car in front of the store.
当我在公共汽车站等车时，我注意到商店前面有一辆警车。
②My brother was washing the dishes .
我弟弟在刷盘子，而我在擦桌子。
③ ，I helped her out of trouble and gain confidence.
虽然我不喜欢她，但还是帮她走出困境并获得自信。
知识点5 Most importantly，your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.
effort n．努力，费力的事；试图
make efforts/an effort to do sth.努力做某事
spare no effort(s) to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
with (an) effort费力地
without effort毫不费力地

①We should help those people in trouble.
我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些有困难的人。
②He won the first prize in the speech contest .
他毫不费力地在演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。
③In my opinion，students should to achieve their potential while at school.
在我看来，学生在学校应该努力发挥他们的潜力。
知识点6 The possibilities are endless，and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family，to your community and to our country.
confidence n．信心，信任；把握
(1)have confidence in对……有信心；信任
with confidence自信地
(2)confident adj.自信的
be confident about/of对……有自信/有把握
(3)confidently adv.自信地

①The members of the basketball club all their manager.
篮球俱乐部的成员都对他们的经理有信心。
②My teacher’s praise made me more confident my future.
我老师的表扬使我对自己的未来更有信心。
③I can speak English very fluently and I that I will be the best volunteer of the exhibition.
我能很流利地说英语，我相信我会成为这次展览的最佳志愿者。
知识点7 Of equal importance are good study habits，useful skills and a positive attitude.
equal adj.相等的；平等的，相当的，能胜任的 n．同等的人(物) vt.与……相等；比得上
(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.与……相等；胜任做某事
(2)equal sb.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面与某人匹敌
(3)be without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌
(4)equally adv.平等地；同样地

①As far as I know，he is quite the job.
据我所知，他完全有能力胜任这项工作。
②His landscape paintings are in the western world.
他的风景画在西方世界无与伦比。
③Men and women must be treated (equal) in education and employment.
在教育和就业方面男女必须得到平等的对待。
④He is so strong that nobody can .Furthermore，no one dare challenge him.
他太强壮了，没有人能比得上他的力气。而且，没有人敢挑战他。
知识点8 Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
focus n．焦点，重点 vt.& vi.集中
(1)focus on集中于……；关注……
focus one’s attention on...＝put one’s heart into...集中注意力于……
(2)focused adj.注意力集中的

[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①It will help you become more patient and (focus)．
②The noise made it hard for the students to focus their homework.
③我建议你把注意力集中在你正在学习的东西上。
→I suggest that you should .(put)
→I suggest that you should .(focus)
知识点9 Instead，you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
base vt.以……为基础(依据) n．根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营
(1)base...on... 把……建立在……的基础上
(2)be based on 以……为基础；根据
(3)basis n．基础
on the basis of... 在……的基础上
(4)basic adj.基础的；基本的

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①I will plan my college life (base) on what I hope to do after graduation.
②All of us have known more about the (base)reading methods.
③As we all know，he .
众所周知，他把自己的成功建立在努力工作的基础上。
知识点10.This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
remind vt.提醒，使想起
remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that...提醒某人……

[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①He often reminds me (care) about details when I’m reading.
②The new function can remind you appointments and important dates.
③我爸爸经常提醒我，糖对牙齿有害。
.
知识点11. aim n．目的；目标 vi.& vt.力争做到；目的是；针对
(1)aim at doing sth./to do sth.意欲/企图/力求做某事
be aimed at目的是；旨在
(2)with the aim of以……为目标
(3)aimless adj.没有方向的，无目的的
(4)aimlessly adv.没有方向地，无目的地

[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①These measures are aimed preventing violent crimes.
②Teamwork is required in order to achieve these (aim)．
③These activities aim to broaden our horizons.
→These activities .(aimed)
知识点12 Last year，I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student.
exchange n．& vt.交换；交流；兑换
(1)in exchange for交换……
(2)exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物
exchange...for...以……换取……

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①I’ve just bought this blue sweater，but can I exchange it a yellow one?
②We will have an opportunity to exchange views the manager.
③If you agree to our proposal，we’ll give you paper your wood.
如果你同意我们的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。
知识点13.Class discussion is very important in the UK，but I could not make a great contribution...
contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠；投稿
(1)make contributions/a contribution to为……做贡献
(2)contribute vt.& vi.是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加
contribute to促成，造成；有助于
contribute...to...向……投稿/捐赠……

[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①Doing small things well contributes to (help) us meet bigger challenges in the future.
②He made a very positive (contribute) to the success of the project.
③这个老太太已经为社区做出了很多贡献。
→The old woman .(contribute)
→The old woman .(contribution)
知识点14.The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club.
attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)
(1)be attracted by被……吸引
attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
(2)attractive adj.吸引人的，有吸引力的
(3)attraction n．吸引人的事物；吸引(力)

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Pandas are (attract) to people of all ages.
②Beijing has many historical (attract)，such as the Great Wall，the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City.
③I’m convinced that you are sure to be of science and technology.
我相信你一定会被这个科技展览所吸引。
知识点15 I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！
so...that...
(1)本句中的so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”。so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；that 引导结果状语从句。具体有以下几种形式：

(2)such...that...中的such常用来修饰名词。主要有以下几种形式：


[用so或such填空/句型转换]
①He is smart a boy that I like him very much.
②Can you believe that in a small country there should be so many people?
③It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.
→It was that nobody wanted to do anything.
知识点16. As a result of your action，your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.
as a result of 由于
(1)as a result结果，因此
(2)result in导致
result from由……引起，起因于……
(3)表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：because of，thanks to，due to，owing to等。

①John can’t take part in the match tomorrow his getting injured yesterday.
由于约翰昨天受伤，明天不能参加比赛。
②The young man never cared about details. ，he made a big mistake.
这个年轻人从不关心细节。因此，他犯了一个大错误。
③His failure in this exam his not working hard enough.
他这次考试不及格是因为不够努力。
④Not working hard enough his failure in this exam.
他不够努力导致他这次考试不及格。
知识点17 I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！
alarm n．闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕
(1)raise/sound the alarm拉响警报
in alarm惊慌地
(2)alarmed adj.担忧的；恐惧的
be alarmed at/by...对……惊恐/担心
(3)alarming adj.令人担忧的，令人恐惧的

①I when the fire broke out.
火灾发生时我拉响了火警警报。
②On hearing the news，he jumped up alarm.
一听到这个消息，他就吓得跳了起来。
③The woman felt (alarm) at the news from her parents.
那个女人听到父母的消息感到惊慌。

随堂练习
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This decision is likely to be (质疑) by the oil companies.
2．As students，we should try our best to realize our .
3．Can you explain the (想法) behind your proposal to us?
4．It is (惊人的) to see the colorful fish swimming around.
5．Generally speaking，if we book a ticket in ，it is cheaper.
6．The artist combines different (技巧，技艺) in the same painting.
7．She (获得) a knowledge of Japanese when she was in Japan.
8．The Internet has become a valuable in schools nowadays.
9．We all admired her for her (努力) while she was in that village.
10．The members of the team contributed greatly to the show’s success.
.单句语法填空
1． is known to all，hard work leads to success.
2．I was (alarm) to see that the men were carrying guns.
3．Please remind Jane (bring) her laptop when she comes.
4．The volunteers contribute their own time the project.
5．She has confidence in the theory (base) on much information.
6．This is a book aimed helping those who have little education.
7．In our company，Mike is responsible sales and marketing.
8．We (exchange) addresses and promised to write to one another.
9．The school is going well，but there’s a need for further (improve)．
10．Don’t you believe in (equal) between men and women?


语法

主语＋谓语(Subject＋Verb)

主语＋系动词＋表语(Subject＋Verb ＋Predictive)

主语＋谓语＋宾语(Subject＋Verb＋Object)

主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语(Subject＋Verb＋Object＋Object)

主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补(Subject＋Verb＋Object＋Object complement)

感悟规律
1．主语和谓语是句子的必要部分。
2．宾语一定要跟在及物动词的后面。
3．当谓语动词后有两个宾语时，第一个是间接宾语，第二个是直接宾语。
4．宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。
语法精析
一、句子成分
句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分(sentence elements) 有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。具体如下：
1．主语(subject)：指句子所谈论的主体。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
Your attitude towards my plan is very important.你对我计划的态度非常重要。
To persuade her to change her mind is really very hard.说服她改变主意确实很难。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2．谓语(verb)：谓语又称为“谓词”，指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。
Each student in our class works very hard.(简单谓语)我们班的每个学生学习都很努力。
The child could dress himself at the age of three.(复合谓语)这个小孩三岁就会自己穿衣服了。
3．宾语(object)：通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
The old man gave the child some nice books.老人给了这个孩子一些好书。
I will buy a new coat for my mother.我要给妈妈买一件新外套。
4．补语(complement)：补语分为主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement)，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。
Later I found that person very critical.后来我发现那个人非常挑剔。
The young man was caught smoking in the kitchen.有人撞见那个年轻人在厨房里吸烟。
5．状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。
The boss tried to treat all the employees equally.这位老板尽量对所有员工一视同仁。
Fortunately，the children were found near the village.幸运的是，这些孩子在村子附近被找到了。
6．表语(predicative)：指连系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征或状态。常见的连系动词有be，become，feel，get，look，seem等。
The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长。
It is amazing that the little child can speak four languages.这个小孩会说四种语言，真令人惊讶。
7．定语(attributive)：修饰名词或代词。
There are various goods in this supermarket.这个超市里有各种各样的货物。
The girl is eager for an opportunity to join the club.这个女孩渴望有机会加入这个俱乐部。
二、句子结构
常见的句子结构(sentence structures)有以下八种：
1．主谓：主语＋谓语(SV)
在这个结构中，谓语动词是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。后面不接宾语，但可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Our knowledge of the disease has advanced over recent years.近年来我们对这种病的了解有所进展。
The last moment finally came.最后时刻终于到来了。
2．主系表：主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)
在这个结构中，谓语动词必须是连系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词及表语从句等。
His present life is really tough.他现在的生活确实艰难。
The girl’s favorite subject is biology.这个女孩最喜欢的科目是生物学。
3．主谓宾：主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)
在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，后面必须接宾语。充当宾语的通常是名词(动名词)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)及宾语从句等。
The young teacher tried to realize the students’ potential.这个年轻老师尽量发掘学生的潜力。
My brother aimed to become a famous director.我哥哥力争成为一位著名导演。
4．主谓宾宾：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)
在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，后接两个宾语，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把直接宾语放到间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的介词。
We decided to teach him a lesson.我们决定给他一个教训。
The wise manager offered me a good job.这位明智的经理给我提供了一份好的工作。
5．主谓宾补：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC)
在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾语补足语。充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)等。
I opened the door and found him in the room.我打开门，发现他在房间里。
After the accident，I found the man very responsible.在这起事故之后，我发现这个人非常负责任。
When I turned around，I saw him standing there.我转过身，看见他正站在那里。
6．主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)
All the students are working hard now.现在所有学生学习都很努力。
The trees on this hill grow very well.这座山上的树生长得很好。
7．主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)
He reminded me of that matter so often.他经常提醒我那件事情。
The young man solved the problem so properly.那个年轻人非常恰当地解决了这个问题。
随堂练习
提示：题干中加灰底的词汇是本课时或前面课时中的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
一.写出下列句子中画线部分在句中的成分
1．Our English teacher is kind and friendly.
2．The middle-aged man sees his doctor regularly.
3．I was not satisfied with his attitude towards his work.
4．Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
5．They are looking for the person responsible for the program.
6．The independent boy was popular with the teachers.
7．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
二.阅读下面这篇短文，写出画线句子的句子结构
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time？For Tom,1.that dream has come true！This term,2.Tom and his classmates are living on a ship！They take the same subjects as you do，like maths and English.3.They also learn about the ships and the sea.4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study，he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
三.根据括号内的要求把下面两句话合并成一句话
1．We’ve painted the walls.They’re bright yellow now.(用“宾语＋宾补”的形式连接两句)
.
2．We gave him.We gave a book.(用双宾语的形式连接两句)
.
3．We have physics in the classroom.The classroom is new.(用new作定语连接两句)
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4．Tom is my good friend.He looks thin.(用主系表的形式连接两句)
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四.单句写作
1．前不久我姑姑给我买了各种各样的书。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语)
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2．最重要的任务是努力学习。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
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3．我听说她儿子负责这项重要的工程。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)