03 阅读理解词句猜测题-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)

这是一份03 阅读理解词句猜测题-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)，共44页。试卷主要包含了构词法猜词，利用同义近义词猜词，利用反义词猜词，利用上下文语境猜词，利用定义和解释猜词，根据语义转折猜词，利用经验和常识猜词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
03 阅读理解词句猜测题
命题趋势简析
阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来,这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。词句猜测题要求学生根据阅读材料提供的信息,结合学习中积累的常识和经验对生词的含义、熟词生义和短语、句子的含义加以猜测,以及对代词的指代对象准确定位。命题人要求猜测词义的词一般是实词及其词组。
词句猜测题倾向于从以下方面进行考查：
（1）考查对语篇针对性的解释的信息的挖掘：针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。例如，如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。再如，虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词义提供依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致“义域”(意义范围)。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。
（2）考查对词句内在逻辑关系的理解：根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。例如，在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。再如，同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
题型特征总览
　　词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。阅读文章时, 常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词, 但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来, 这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。
（一）命题方式
(1)The phrase “. . . ” in the sentence could be replaced by______.  
(2)The word “. . . ” in the paragraph refers to ______.  
(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph?/What does the underlined word mean?
(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“. . . ”?
(5)The word“. . . ” most nearly means ______.  
(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ______.  
（二）考查角度
(1)猜测生词或熟词生义;
(2)猜测短语的意义;
(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it, one, they, this, that, these, those 等);
(4)猜测句意。
（三）解答技巧
考生除了必须熟练掌握大纲中规定的词汇外, 要注意积累生词和短语, 掌握构词法的知识, 还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测, 掌握一定的做题技巧。常见的技巧有:
(1)利用例证进行猜测
(2)利用逻辑关系进行猜测
(3)利用同位关系进行猜测
(4)利用上下文的指代关系进行猜测
(5)利用构词法进行猜测
(6)利用同义或近义关系进行猜测
(7)利用反义、转折或对比关系进行猜测
题型突破攻略
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
...A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
【典例示例】【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
……
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?
A. Growing interest in organic food.
B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food.
D. Higher prices of organic food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take our time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
【答案析】A
【解析】由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.”
63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。

名校资源学练
1
（2023·广东·华南师大附中南海实验高中校考模拟预测）Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
1. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A. News reports. B. Research papers.
C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.
2. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A. They’re socially inactive.
B. They’re good at telling stories.
C. They’re inconsiderate of others.
D. They’re careful with their words.
3. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?
A. Sports new. B. Science articles.
C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B. Online News Attracts More People
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
2
（2023·吉林长春·高三校考阶段练习）Have you ever been faced with trying to stay positive when others around you are negative? A negative person can bring you down and throw your positive plans out of the window. Whether you deal with a family member, friend or co-worker who is negative, there are things you can do to remain positive in the face of negativity?
Whatever you do, don’t argue with a negative person. Arguing only adds fuel to the fire. I have noticed when my children are crabby, it is best to avoid trying to convince them to analyze and adjust their attitude. As soon as I take the approach of being in opposition to them, the situation gets worse before it gets better. Sometimes the best thing to do is remain silent and let negativity pass.
You know how difficult it can be to give love and positive attention to negative people. Unfortunately, that is often exactly what they need. A negative person is usually afraid he is unlovable. How do you show love when someone is negative? You must listen to what he is trying to tell you. Acknowledge the feelings he has by saying something like, “You sound very angry right now.” How might you help a negative person? Offer a hug even if you get rejected. A negative person often has difficulty accepting love from others.
If you have negative people on your life who are affecting your mental and physical health, you need to decide whether or not you want these people in your life. Some people are so negative that you have no other choice but to remove them from your life. However, some people, such as your children, are difficult to remove from your life, in this case, professional counseling(咨询) may be the answer.
5. What does the underlined word “crabby” in Para.2 mean?
A. Quite excited. B. Very lonely.
C. Easily annoyed. D. Highly optimistic.
6. What’s the main idea of Para.3?
A. Negative people need care.
B. Negative people make us happy..
C. Negative people can be hurt easily.
D. Negative people are hard to get along with.
7. What does the author suggest doing?
A. Focusing on positive things.
B. Trying to change negative thoughts.
C. Controlling our own negative thoughts.
D. Staying away from some negative people.
8. In which section of a magazine can we most probably read the text?
A. Health B. Relationships
C. Lifestyles D. Entertainment.
3
（2023·内蒙古阿拉善盟·统考一模）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent hard work won’t ensure you the level of success you may want, but it will ensure that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
9. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.
A. the meaning of success B. the reasons for success
C. the standards of success D. the importance of success
10. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “that” refers to ______.
A. setting a practical goal B. being good at something
C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life
11. Successful people suggest doing what one loves because ______.
A. it takes a lot of time to succeed
B. work makes one feel pain
C. one gives up his work easily
D. one tends to enjoy his work
12. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A. Successful people like to show their great skills.
B. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.
C. People need to achieve success at the cost of life.
D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.
4
（2023秋·湖北黄石·高三校联考期末）The word “sport” first meant something that people did in their free time. Later it often meant hunting wild animals and birds. About a hundred years ago the word was first used for organized games. This is the usual meaning of the word today. People spend a lot of time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people play because they leant to. A few people are paid for sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen. They may be sportsmen for only a few years, but during that time the best ones can earn a lot of money. For example, a professional football player in England earns more than 300,000 dollars a year. The stars earn a lot more. International golf and tennis champions can make more than 500,000 dollars a year. Of course, only a few sportsmen can earn as much as that.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about sportsmen and money is that the stars can earn more money from advertising than from sports. An advertisement for sports equipment does not simply mean, “Buy our things”. It says, “Buy the same shirt and shoes as…” Famous sportsmen can even advertise things like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their names or a photo of them and they are paid for this. Sport is no longer just something for people’s spare time.
13. From the passage we can learn that .
A. famous people spend too much money and time on sports
B. the development of sports is slower than any other activity
C. most people enjoy sports because they can earn a lot of money
D. now sports is not only an amusement for people
14. In this passage “professional sportsmen” means people “_____________”.
A. who teach others how to make money in sports
B. who take sports as their jobs
C. who are very fond of sports
D. who teach other sportsmen how to play sports
15. Now, the “sport” means .
A. what most of the people do in their spare time
B. hunting wild animals and birds in the forests
C. organized games
D. something that people are paid to
16. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Most people play sports only for money.
B. Those who play sports earn more than those who do not.
C. People play sports for different purposes.
D. Those who play sports want to keep strong and fit.
5
（2023秋·广东深圳·高三统考期末）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.
Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.
“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.
“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”
Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”
The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition.
“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.”
17. What can we learn from Chris' words?
A. It's unwise to raise money.
B. It's optional to seek donations.
C. It's wonderful to study art.
D. It's necessary to show kids' talents.
18. What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?
A. I'm overjoyed. B. ['m very serious.
C. My mind goes blank. D. My mind is racing.
19. Which of the following best describes Luna?
A. Gifted and determined. B. Generous and serious.
C. Grateful and helpful. D. Creative and sensitive.
20. What is the text mainly intended to do?
A. Tell us a story of a disabled girl.
B. Set a good example to the disabled.
C. Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.
D. Introduce a campaign with kid patients.
6
（2023春·四川绵阳·高三四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）A music talent show launched by Mango TV has caught the attention of domestic TV channel viewers recently. This entertainment program, whose Chinese name translates to “Sisters Who Brave Winds and Waves”, invited 30 established actresses in their thirties, put them up in an apartment where they competed against each other and then selected five among them to form a new star group.
While young hopefuls are commonly considered to be the protagonists of music talent show, “Sisters Who Brave Winds and Waves” turns out to be an outlier. Apart from showcasing female stars musical talent, this show tries to deliver a positive message that age should not be the barrier for female entertainers to chase their dreams. The reality that most female entertainers have a short “shelf life” needs to be changed.
Attracted by the unique theme of Mango TV’s new show, many Chinese viewers were desperate for the show’s debut. The first episode aired last week received 10 million views within the first 20 minutes. Following the initial success, Mango Excellent Media’s stock rose by nearly 9% on Friday and another 7% on Monday. The company’s market value has now surpassed 100 billion yuan ($ 14 billion).
The value of this show was not only recognized by the market, but also the majority of Chinese viewers. Many netizens made good comments on the new show as it encouraged them to explore their inner potential no matter how old they are. One wrote, “Of course, young stars in their late teens and early 20s are beautiful. But I feel more impressed by these celebrities over the age of 30.” She went on to say that their confidence and ambition make them shine, and that age is just a number.
The Mango TV’s new show comes as a welcome relief, which demonstrates that charm and ambition is not limited to the young age. In fact, such age equality should extend to all professions to ensure that people with all ages could be treated equally in pursuit of their career goals.
21. What does the underlined word “outlier” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Surprise. B. Success.
C. Failure. D. Exception.
22. How did the entertainment market react after Mango TV’s new show was released?
A. The company’s market value has now exceeded 14 billion dollars.
B. Mango Excellent Media’s stock rose by nearly 16% over the weekend.
C. Nearly 10 million viewers watched the first episode within the first hour.
D. The debut of the new show did not affect the company's market value.
23. What do we know from the netizen’s comment on the newly released show?
A. She thinks young celebrities are not attractive to the audience.
B. She holds the view that Mango TV’s new show is conventional.
C. She believes charm could make the celebrities shine no matter their age.
D. She complains about age discrimination in the entertainment industry,.
24. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He/She aims to purse gender equality.
B. He/She protests against age discrimination.
C. He/She is a fan of musical shows.
D. He/She dreams about being an actor/actress.
7
（2023春·四川成都·高三树德中学校考开学考试）
Round and Round They Go
Space is becoming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites have been launched into the sky, which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometres above its surface. SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027.
That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring Internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.
For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris (碎片) is the most familiar concern. When enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision (碰撞) could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships. One solution is to grab the satellites with problems and pull them down into the Earth’s atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for debris. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.
Cyber (网络的)-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers (黑客) could take control of a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify. Measures will surely be taken to protect network security.
The third issue follows from the first two. If there is a simple mistake or a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment. Who is responsible for that? Now the plans of firms wishing to operate large numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced.
As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.
25. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage?
A. They are supposed to limit the space economy.
B. They are expected to increase in large numbers.
C. They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible.
D. They are mainly intended to bring Internet connectivity to remote areas.
26. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests _______.
A. depending entirely on the modern technology
B. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefully
C. strengthening rules to remove old satellites safely
D. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly
27. What does the underlined word “intensify” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Measure. B. Increase. C. Spread. D. Repeat.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites?
A. It should be further confirmed for its ownership.
B. It should be continued because of its advantages.
C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks.
D. It should be stopped in face of the space economy.
8
（2023春·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Parents who want their kids to succeed more than anything are now being sold a high-tech solution. Class 120 is $199-a-year smartphone app that tracks teenagers and alerts parents if the kid isn’t in his or her scheduled class.
Is it a good idea for parents to track whether their young adults are in class? In short: No. This is a terrible idea.
One of the fundamental purposes of a college is learning to be an independent person. That means learning how to do what needs to be done, whether one particularly feels like doing it or not.
It’s easy to see why parents are keen on tracking their kids. A student is admitted to college by a process that focuses mainly on grades and scores. Monitoring grades and scores is easy. The parents may think that:
“Our child is succeeding. We are good parents. We are happy.” But grades and scores can’t tell everything.
They don’t take into account whether their kids have the strength of self-discipline (自律) and the skill needed to care for himself or herself.
Monitoring the development of character is much harder for parents. Character growth happens through encountering (遇到) and learning to deal with disappointments and failure. You never know which problem will be the point for growth.
However, letting kids fail can be really difficult for anxious parents. They believe that success means being perfect and never failing. The truth is that kids need to learn to fail.
College is an ideal place to practice adults’ responsibility and independence. Students need to make their own decisions about whether to get out of bed and go to work in the morning.
Maybe your child hasn’t learned this lesson by now, but he or she has to learn it sometime. An alarm clock’s job is to wake you up, but it does not provide a reason.
29. What’s author’s attitude toward tracking teenagers?
A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Indifferent. D. Disappointed.
30. According to the author, what’s the most important thing should a college student learn in school?
A. Avoiding failure. B. Keeping healthy.
C. Professional knowledge. D. Living independently.
31. What’s the author’s opinion on failure?
A. Failure means that a kid is not good enough.
B. Failure may be the key part of kid’s development.
C. Everyone should manage to avoid failure at any time.
D. Failure will bring many negative influences to children.
32. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?
A. An alarm clock is necessary for a kid.
B. A kid should buy a talking alarm clock.
C. A kid should get up early for learning without any reason.
D. A kid should always maintain a sense of responsibility and independence.
9
（2023秋·陕西西安·高三西安市铁一中学校考期末）On April 30. 2020, the world's most famous musicians met online to celebrate the tenth International Jazz Day. with the hope to revive jazz music and explore its possibility as a unifying voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, the jazz audience continues to grow older because the music has failed to attract the younger generations. It's their job to help change that.
Jason Moran, the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, was one of the musicians. He hopes to widen the audience for jazz and make the music more accessible and enjoyable.
“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite （胃 口）. " Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. "I hope that the younger generations understand that jazz is not black anymore. It's actually colorful, and it's actually digital.
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the fun side of the music has been lost. “Today, the music can't be presented the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same. " says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “I just wanted to put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music. says Moran. “For me, it's just to re — contextualize. Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context. It can be adapted to（适应）different situations.
During the interview, he asked- "In music, where does the feeling lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight（感悟）on how to talk about ourselves and how a Fats Waller record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?”
He added that most of the musicians have recognized the need and agreed to continue those dialogues for the year.
33. Why did the musicians meet online on April 30?
A. To celebrate the Jazz Day. B. To show the value of jazz.
C. To remember the birth of jazz. D. To protect different jazz cultures.
34. What does the underlined word “re — contextualize" in paragraph 6 mean?
A. To mix jazz with other music.
B. To adapt to different situations.
C. To be performed by different bands.
D. To play with more advanced instruments.
35. What does Moran think of jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually. B. It should be black and white.
C. It has to keep up with the times. D. It has become more popular.
36. What can be the best title for the text?
A. The Rise and Fall of Jazz B. Goals Set for Jazz Day 2020
C. The Story of a Jazz Musician D. The New Problems With Jazz
10
（2023春·广东广州·高三广东广雅中学校考阶段练习）We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on? A 20-year study conducted by Dr. Gilovich, a professor at Cornell University, reached a powerful and straightforward conclusion: don't spend your money on things.
The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out. We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm. We keep raising the bar and always look for an even better one. Possessions, by their nature, cause comparisons. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better one — and there's always someone with a better one. Most of us usually assume that the happiness we get from buying something will last as long as the thing itself. It seems intuitive (直觉的) that investing in something we can see, hear, and touch on a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's not the case at all.
Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique. We are not our possessions, but we are the accumulation of everything we’ve seen, the things we’ve done, and the places we’ve been to. “Our experiences are a bigger part of ourselves than our material goods,” said Gilovich. “You can really like your material stuff. You can even think that part of your identity is connected to those things, but they remain separate from you. In contrast, your experiences really are part of you. We are the sum total of our experiences.”
Besides, we don't compare experiences in the same way that we compare things. It’s hard to quantify the relative value of any two experiences, which makes them that much more enjoyable. And expectation of an experience causes excitement and enjoyment, while expectation of obtaining a possession causes impatience. Experiences are enjoyable from the very first moments of planning, all the way through to the memories you keep forever. The temporary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles of pleasure”. In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.
37. Which one can replace the underlined words in paragraph 2?
A. Dies away. B. Is too little.
C. Is not real. D. Costs too much.
38. What does Gilovich think of experiences?
A. Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things.
B. Experiences can exist in our memory forever.
C. Our experiences take up all parts of ourselves.
D. Our experiences are what separate us from others.
39. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Spiritual wealth is of great value to us.
B. Experiences can be compared with each other.
C. Expecting an experience increases our feeling of anxiety.
D. People are more likely to be impatient when buying things.
40. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. How can we gain happiness with money?
B. How can we make happiness last long?
C. Why should we spend money on experiences instead of things?
D. Why do experiences achieve permanent happiness than things?
11
（2023·山西阳泉·统考三模）At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their pocket money on unimportant things like candy and toys, Jose was busy saving money for more necessary things. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Peru came up with the new idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to become economically independent and financially intelligent - while also helping the environment.
Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first cooperative bank for kids. Possible members have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank partners are required to bank at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis. The waste is sold to local recycling companies. The funds received are placed in the individual's account where they collect until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then take out his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger goal.
The youngster's determination paid off, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student Bank had over 200 members. Things have only improved since. Today, the eco-bank is proud of ten educational centers. They are designed to teach over 3,000 teenagers to become economically independent, invest(投资) wisely, and help the environment. Now the Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru. Not surprisingly, Jose's efforts have earned the youngster several national and international awards, which won him about $ 5,500.
“Jose's eco-bank is a brilliant way of linking economy and climate effect, both in thought and practice. The system clearly shows that the planet's common resources are limited and that we must recycle the products we no longer use,” a judge said. “It creates viewpoint of consumption(消费). This way caring about the environment becomes an investment, a system that gives children both economic independence and power to influence the climate. The potential impact is amazing.”
41. In which aspect does Jose stand out from other kids?
A. He did better at studies.
B. He didn't like candy and toys.
C. He managed his pocket money more wisely.
D. He came from a wealthy family background.
42. What does “all bank partners” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Local recycling companies. B. The kids bringing in recyclables.
C. The bank staff working in the bank. D. The customers saving money.
43. What does the author mainly want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph3?
A. Jose's pioneering efforts were richly rewarded.
B. Jose helped 3000 teenagers pay off their debts.
C. Jose contributed to the environmental protection.
D. Jose's idea helped him win a prize worth $5.500.
44. What is the best title for the text?
A. Kids in Peru Are Changing Their Consumption Habits.
B. Peru Kids Learned to Become Economically Independent.
C. Jose's Idea is Raising Viewpoints of Environmental Protection.
D. A Peru Eco-Bank Teaches Kids About Finance And Recycling.
12
（2023春·上海·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）More than a score of Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predator(扑食者), which arrived with European settlers, still threaten native wildlife-and are too plentiful on the mainland to eliminate, as has been achieved on some small islands which were previously filled with them. But Alexandra Ross of the University of New South Wales thinks she has come up with a different way to deal with the problem. As she writes in a paper in the Journal of Applied Ecology, she is giving feline(猫科的)-awareness lessons to wild animals involved in her introduction programs, in order to try to make them cat-conscious.
Many Australian mammals, though not actually extinct, are restricted to fragments of cat-free habitat. This will, however, put the forced migrants back in the sights of the cats that caused the problem in the first place. Training the migrants while they are in captivity, using stuffed models and the sorts of sounds made by cats, has proved expensive and ineffective. Ms Ross therefore wondered whether putting them in large natural enclosures with a scattering of predators might serve as a form of training camp to prepare them for introduction into their new, cat-ridden homes.
She tested this idea on a type of bandicoot(袋狸)that superficially resembles a rabbit. She and her colleagues raised two hundred bandicoots in a huge enclosure that also contained five wild cats. As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats. She left animals to get on with life for two years, which, given that bandicoots breed four times a year and live for around eight years, was a considerable period for them. After some predation(扑食)and probably some learning, she abstracted 21 bandicoot from each enclosure, attached radio transmitters to them and released them into a third enclosure that had ten hungry cats in it. She then monitored what happened next. The outcome was that the training worked. Over the subsequent 40 days ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones. One particular behavioral difference she noticed was that bandicoots brought up in a predator-free environment were much more likely to sleep alone than were those brought up around cats. And when are around, sleeping alone is dangerous. How well bandicoots that have undergone this extreme training will survive in the wild remains to be seen. But Ms Ross has at least prov reason for hope.
45. What can be learned from the first paragraph?
A. The feline-awareness lessons have proved ineffective.
B. There are too many wild cats to be killed in Australia.
C. Different ways have been tried to hunt and kill wildlife.
D. Native wildlife has been threatened by growing population
46. The forced migrants in the second paragraph refer to_______
A. Australian mammals restricted to certain areas
B. The wild cats tracking down the mammals
C. Wild animals involved in the program
D. The predators captured by the animal trainers
47. Which of the following is TRUE about the first two enclosures?
A. They were both closely monitored.
B. They had 200 bandicoots in total.
C. They had similar natural environment.
D. They both had wild cats in them.
48. What was the finding of Ms Ross’ research project?
A. Untrained bandicoots failed to identify cats.
B. Training bandicoots prepared them to fight cats.
C. Sleeping alone in the wild was dangerous.
D. Bandicoots could be trained to avoid predators.
13
（2023秋·北京·高三101中学校考阶段练习）Elizabeth Spelke, a cognitive (认知的) psychologist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the world's most complex learning system-the mind of a baby. Babies might seem like no match for artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hopeless at mining text, and awful at video games. Then again, babies can do things beyond the reach of any AI. By just a few months old, they’ve begun to grasp the foundations of language, such as grammar. They’ve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.
Yet even experts like Spelke don’t understand precisely how babies — or adults, for that matter — learn. That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: We're not sure what to aim for.
Consider one of the most impressive examples of AI, Alpha Zero, a programme that plays board games with superhuman skill. After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cognitive abilities. But Alpha Zero needs to play millions more games than a person during practice to learn a game. Most importantly, it cannot take what it has learned from the game and apply it to another area.
To some AI experts, that calls for a new approach. In a November research paper, Francois Chollet, a well-known AI engineer, argued that it’s misguided to measure machine intelligence just according to its skills at specific tasks. “Humans don’t start out with skills; they start out with a broad ability to acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty.” Chollet posed a set of problems, each of which requires an AI programme to arrange colored squares on a grid (格栅) based on just a few prior examples. It’s not hard for a person. But modern machine-learning programmes-trained on huge amounts of data — cannot learn from so few examples.
Josh Tenenbaum, a professor in MIT's Center for Brains, Minds & Machines, works closely with Spelke and uses insights from cognitive science as inspiration for his programmes. He says much of modern AI misses the bigger picture, comparing it to a cartoon about a two-dimensional world populated by simple geometrical (几何形的) people. AI programmes will need to learn in new ways — for example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. “At some point — you know, if you’re intelligent — you realize maybe there's something else out there,” he says.
49. Compared to an advanced AI programme, a baby might be better at _______________.
A. labeling images B. identifying locations
C. playing games D. making adjustments
50. What does the underlined word “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Stimulating. B. Measuring. C. Beating. D. Limiting.
51. Both Francois Chollet and Josh Tenenbaum may agree that _______________.
A. AI is good at finding similar patterns
B. AI should gain abilities with less training
C. AI lacks the ability of generalizing a skill
D. AI will match humans in cognitive ability
52. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What is exactly intelligence?
B. Why is modern AI advanced?
C. Where is human intelligence going?
D. How do humans tackle the challenge of AI?
14
（2023秋·北京·高三北师大实验中学校考开学考试）
Removing gender bias
Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见；成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers.
An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法).
Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias—designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users.
Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women—including seat belts—because they are no! designed properly.
But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70—80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions.
Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back?
53. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. hits the market B. gets approval
C. becomes successful D. comes into being
54. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed.
B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies.
C. Where gender bias in product design is rooted.
D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies.
55. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. tech companies are unwilling to change
B. design bias may result in missed opportunities
C. male workers benefit more in engineering teams
D. tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products
56. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design?
A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical.
C. Positive. D. Negative.
15
（2023秋·江苏淮安·高三江苏省淮安中学校考期末）The biggest challenge faced by travelers especially those who like to have a hiking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes. Now, thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack, that worry may be a thing of the past.
The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. Then he gave up his career as a lawyer and focused on perfecting the bag’s design. By 2012, the bag was ready for the public. It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space, making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light.
Not surprisingly, the bag worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers, university students and even passengers. However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage with his invention – dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem.
In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged (揉搓) for a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready to be dried. According to Newland, the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! What’s even
more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13 liters of water, it can be used to wash more clothes at a time.
The best part is that the 99-dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year, only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable, making it easy to store when it’s not in use. With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past!
57. What aroused Ash Newland’s desire to create the Scrubba Wash Bag?
A. Travelers’ requirements. B. His own experience.
C. His dream of invention. D. A traditional washboard.
58. Why wasn’t Ash Newland satisfied with his former invention?
A. The bag was not convenient enough.
B. The bag was not popular with travelers.
C. The bag couldn’t wash more clothes at a time.
D. The bag couldn’t be folded up.
59. Which word can best replace the underlined word in paragraph4?
A. Blown. B. Pushed
C. Figured. D. Run.
60. It can be inferred that the improved Wash Pack ______.
A. will lighten the burden on housewives
B. will replace the traditional washing machines
C. will be widely used by more travelers in the future
D. can encourage more people to travel a long distance
16
（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考期末）Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds(化合物;复合物) that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.
The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration (脱水) within three days, unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at the University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime wetness is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life - if it can be transformed into liquid form.
That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck the water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and get the water, each harvest producing one-third of a cup of pure drinking water. "A device the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household," says Yaghi.
These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFscling toa variety of liquids and gases.
MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structure. In fact, one MOF the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.
61. Why is the Arizona desert mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. To introduce water harvesters.
B. To stress the importance of water.
C. To show the severity of its condition.
D. To express the urgent need for water there.
62. What plays a vital role in water harvesters?
A. Solar energy.
B. Water molecules.
C. Metal-organic frameworks.
D. MOFs' internal small holes.
63. Which can explain the phrase "cling to" underlined in paragraph 4?
A. Give off. B. Tum into. C. Hold onto. D. Break down.
64. What will probably be covered in the following paragraphs?
A. The future of the MOF technology.
B. Other uses of the MOF technology.
C. The improvement to the MOF technology.
D. Possible limitations of the MOF technology.
17
（2023春·宁夏银川·高三银川一中校考阶段练习）If you make list of the world’s top ten most challenging jobs, chances are that being a teacher will not make the cut. But think about the discouraging task millions of educators face each day as they try to shape group of often bad-tempered, wild kids into intelligent, well-rounded individuals. That surely has to be the toughest job in the world, especially given that there is no promotion or bonus awaiting them even if they are wildly successful!
What if these all-important individuals that we often take for granted disappear from our lives? That was what Project Ed and Participant Media’s Teach campaign asked filmmakers of all ages to imagine in their recently-held competition Entitled “A World Without Teachers”, its purpose was to inspire more young people to become teachers. However, the 62 amazing video submissions also serve as a reminder of how horrible things would be if we didn’t have these selfless individuals guiding us through life. What was interesting is that even the youngest  participants did not appear to be happy at the idea of not having anybody telling them what to do.
High-school student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we know it today would have been different without teachers. Would Monet have discovered his talent for impressionism? Los Angeles-based Miles Horst, who won the 1000 USD prize for the best adult submission imagines a world where teachers are replaced by a “brain box” in his fun lively entry.
Youth category winner Marina Barham’s video represents a fact we all know but often forget. Teachers don’t just teach, they inspire-something that no electronic device, no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine life without him/her. We have feeling it will not appear as rosy!
65. From the passage we can learn that ________.
A. teaching naughty kids is a very discouraging task
B. teachers have little influence on kids’ individual development
C. a successful teacher has the greatest chance to be promoted
D. being a teacher is one of the most challenging jobs in the world
66. What is the purpose of the project “A World Without Teachers”?
A. To attract kids to submit more videos of their teachers.
B. To remind students to appreciate teachers’ hard work.
C. To expect teachers to devote themselves to their jobs.
D. To encourage more people to go into teaching career.
67. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest?
A. A world without teachers will be unimaginable.
B. The future of teachers’ work appears inspiring.
C. Teaching is quite different from other jobs.
D. Many people attach more importance to teaching
68. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A survey of people’s views about teachers.
B. The campaign to promote teachers’ status.
C. The significance of teachers.
D. A competition to win the prize for the best teacher.
18
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考一模）Researchers at the University of Scotland have discovered a protein that can influence viruses developing and even can control cancer. Now the fight is on to fully understand how it works in the hope of turning the laboratory research into a treatment.
The protein is called Hira. Technically it is a histone（组蛋白）complex, but it is easier to understand in terms of what it can do. Three years ago Dr Taranjit Singh Rai and colleagues at the Beatson Cancer Institute and Glasgow University reported that Hira could possibly suppress the division of cells that causes cancer. In the course of that research, Dr Rai found out something unusual. In the lab they have established that the Hira protein has a role to play in the anti-viral fight, thus, making it have a fundamental role to play in fighting against cancer.
The trick in using it to fight diseases may lie in increasing Hira levels in our cells. “I think what researchers might be interested in is how we can increase levels of this protein to deal with the viruses better, Dr Rai said.
Dr Rai has led an international study and support has come from Cancer Research UK and the results are published in the journal Nucleic Acids Research. But there is a major concern that the research is still limited to the laboratory.
It is going to take some time, probably years, before this work can move out of the lab and into clinics and hospitals. But the researchers are excited Hira will one day be the basis of a new approach in medicine.
69. What does the underlined word “suppress" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Motivate. B. Monitor. C. Control. D. Improve.
70. What can be known from the text?
A. Hira has been used in the medical treatment.
B. More studies should be done on Hira.
C. The levels of Hira in cells are unchangeable.
D. Hira can bring about side effects.
71. What is the researchers' attitude to the future of Hira?
A. Cautious. B. Optimistic.
C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
72. What's the text mainly about?
A. A new way to use the protein.
B. A new approach to improving the division of cells.
C. A new medicine that can fight diseases.
D. A protein that can stop viruses developing.

参考答案
1
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D
【解析】本文是说明文。人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media”可知，像“it bleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“you care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据“You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明Debbie Downer指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。
2
5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者建议“远离一些消极的人。”当你周围的人都很消极的时候，你有没有试着保持积极?一个消极的人会把你打倒，把你的积极计划扔出窗外。无论你面对的是消极的家人、朋友还是同事，你都可以做些事情来保持积极的心态。
5. 词义猜测题。根据上文Whatever you do, don’t argue with a negative person. Arguing only adds fuel to the fire. 可知，不管你做什么，不要和消极的人争论。 争论只会添油加醋。因此推断划线句意： I have noticed when my children are crabby, it is best to avoid trying to convince them to analyze and adjust their attitude.（我注意到，当我的孩子脾气暴躁时，最好不要试图说服他们去分析和调整自己的态度。）由此推知划线词的意思是“很容易生气”。故选C。
6. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中You know how difficult it can be to give love and positive attention to negative people. Unfortunately, that is often exactly what they need.（你知道给予消极的人爱和积极的关注是多么困难。 不幸的是，这往往正是他们所需要的。）可知第三段讲述的是“消极的人需要关心。”故选A。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Some people are so negative that you have no other choice but to remove them from your life.（有些人是如此消极，以至于你别无选择，只能把他们从你的生活中移除。）可知，作者建议“远离一些消极的人。”故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了如果你周围有一些消极的人，面对他们消极的态度，你如何保持积极的心态，怎样去对待他们。我们最可能在杂志的“人际关系”栏目阅读这篇文章。故选B。
3
9. B 10. A 11. A 12. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。一些人认为，成功只是为有天赋或出身富裕的人准备的。另一些人认为成功主要靠运气。作者认为，天赋也好，身世显贵也好，运气也好，这些都只是生活中真实存在的情况，它们并不能决定一个人的成功与否
9. 主旨大意题。根据第一段可得知，作者列出很多人认为成功的原因，如“Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence(有些人出生在正确的家庭，而另一些人出生就很聪明)”可知，第一段主要讲的是成功的原因。故选B。
10. 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句前面的“However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.(然而，要在生活中取得成功，首先需要设定一个目标，然后逐渐使它更实际)”可知，划线词that指的是上文提到的“设定切实可行的目标”。故选A。
11. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.”可知，要想在某些事情上变得出色，就需要更多的时间，而大多数人是不会投入这些时间的。由此推知，成功人士建议做自己喜欢的事情，因为成功需要花费很多时间。故选A。
12. 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.”可知，有时人们很容易认为他们是幸运的，或者天生就有一些罕见的天赋，但这样想对你没有好处，而且你很有可能是错的。由此推知，没有运气或天赋的人有时也能成功。故选B。
4
13. D 14. B 15. C 16. C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了体育这个词的发展史。
13. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Famous sportsmen can even advertise things like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their names or a photo of them and they are paid for this. Sport is no longer just something for people’s spare time.”可知，著名的运动员甚至可以为手表和食品做广告。他们允许公司使用他们的名字或照片，并为此付费。体育运动不再只是人们闲暇时的消遣。由此可知，体育运动员可以利用体育挣钱，所以体育不再是只为了人类娱乐，故选D项。
14. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“A few people are paid for sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen.”可知，有些人是为他们所做的运动而获得报酬的。这些人被称为职业运动员。由此可知，职业运动员是指将运动作为自己的职业的人，故选B项。
15. 细节理解题。根据第一段“About a hundred years ago the word was first used for organized games. This is the usual meaning of the word today.”可知，大约一百年前，这个词首次用于有组织的比赛。这是这个词今天通常的意思。由此可知，如今“体育”意味着有组织的比赛。故选C项。
16. 细节理解题。根据第一段“People spend a lot of time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people play because they learnt to. A few people are paid for sport they play.”可知，人们花很多时间踢足球、打篮球、打网球和做其他运动。这些人玩是因为他们学习去打球。有些人是为他们所做的运动而获得报酬的。由此可知，人们做运动是有不同目的的。故选C项。
5
17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个有着先天性心脏缺损的12岁孩子Luna没有选择放弃，而是与Saucony公司合作，用自己的艺术天赋和坚持，设计出了自己的鞋子，发起“Shoes with soul（有灵魂的鞋子）”活动，最终通过这项活动来帮助其他患有心脏疾病的人。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH”（不仅仅是捐款，我们想创造一种体验和时刻，不仅是为了筹集资金，也是为了让人们意识到BCH正在做的所有了不起的工作）和“Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world.”（特别地，我们想给BCH的孩子们一个机会，与世界分享他们的故事和他们的才能。）可知，展示孩子的才能是必要的。故选D。
18. 词句猜测题。根据文章第五段Luna的话“Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing.”（想到世界各地的孩子都穿着我的鞋，真是太棒了。）可找到关键词amazing，表示“惊人的，了不起的”，可知，Luna觉得若是每个孩子都能穿上她设计的鞋子，是一件令她高兴惊喜的事。因此推断“It blows my mind”表明Luna是极为高兴的。故选A。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion”（ 继续追求她在艺术和时尚方面的兴趣）、第三段的“I got to use my art and creativity for something new”（ 我开始用我的艺术和创造力去做一些新的事情）以及第四段的“share their story and their talents”（分享他们的故事和他们的天赋）可以看出Luna是有才华，有天赋的（talented/gifted），又根据文章第二段“Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion.”（ Luna做过三次心脏手术，并继续追求她对艺术和时尚的兴趣。）以及最后一段“The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up.”（ 我给孩子或像我这样的人的建议是永远不要放弃。）可以看出Luna是意志坚定的（determined）。故选A。
20. 主旨大意题。全文围绕“Luna是如何参与到这个活动的？”“这个活动是什么内容？”“活动的目的是什么？”以及“活动有什么重要意义？”“Luna想通过这个活动传递什么？”来讲述。因此推断D项：Introduce a campaign with kid patients.（介绍一项针对儿童患者的活动）是文章的目的。故选D。
6
21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B
【解析】本文是议论文。作者通过芒果电视台的音乐选秀节目“迎风破浪的姐妹”不限制女明星的年龄这件事，提出任何职业都应该年龄平等的观点。
21. 词句猜测题。划线词的前文提到“young hopefuls are commonly considered to be the protagonists of music talent show(通常认为年轻选手是音乐选秀节目的主角)”，划线词后的下文提到“Apart from showcasing female stars musical talent, this show tries to deliver a positive message that age should not be the barrier for female entertainers to chase their dreams. The reality that most female entertainers have a short “shelf life” needs to be changed.(除了展示女明星的音乐才华外，这个节目还试图传递一个积极的信息，那就是年龄不应该成为女艺人追逐梦想的障碍)”可知， 一般来说，音乐选秀节目的主角都是年轻的女明星，而“迎风破浪的姐妹”则不像其他的音乐选秀节目，不限定参加的女明星的年龄。由此可以猜测，outlier意思为“例外”。故选D。
22. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Following the initial success, Mango Excellent Media's stock rose by nearly 9% on Friday and another 7% on Monday. The company's market value has now surpassed 100 billion yuan ($ 14 billion). (在取得初步成功之后，Mango Excellent Media的股价在周五上涨了近9%，在周一又上涨了7%。该公司的市值现已超过人民币1,000亿元（140亿美元）)”可知，在芒果台的选秀节目播出后，该公司的市场价值现在已经超过140亿美元。故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Many netizens made good comments on the new show as it encouraged them to explore their inner potential no matter how old they are.及She went on to say that their confidence and ambition make them shine, and that age is just a number.(许多网友对这部新剧评价很高，因为它鼓励人们无论多大年纪都要发掘自己的内在潜能。她接着说，他们的自信和抱负让他们熠熠生辉，而年龄只是一个数字)”可知，从该网友的评论可以看出，她认为不管他们多大年龄，自身的魅力使这些名星熠熠生辉。故选C。
24. 推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“such age equality should extend to all professions to ensure that people with all ages could be treated equally in pursuit of their career goals.(这种年龄平等应适用于所有职业，以确保所有年龄的人在追求其职业目标时都能得到平等对待)”可以推断，作者反对年龄歧视。故选B。
7
25. B 26. C 27. B 28. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。太空越来越拥挤，文章主要内容为一家名为SpaceX and OneWeb的公司计划在2027前发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星之事，及对太空卫星数量剧增而带来的三个安全方面的担忧。
25. 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027(SpaceX and OneWeb计划发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星将使轨道上卫星总数量增加一倍。)”可知， LEO卫星预计将大量增加。故选B项。
26. 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits”可知，为了安全处理老旧的近地轨道卫星，需要制定一些规则。故选C项。
27. 词义猜测题。由第四段中句子“But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify”可知，因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫星提供上因特网的通路，人们对于网络安全的需求将intensify。，可推断，依赖太空卫星的人数增多，因此对网络安全的需求就增强了。故划线词与increase意思相近。故选B项。
28. 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.(需要有规则来安全地处理来自低地球轨道的旧卫星 )”、第四段最后一句“Measures will surely be taken to protect network security(一定要采取措施保护网络安全)”及文末最后一句“They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop(在空间经济真正发展之前，必须回答这些问题)”可知，关于发射大量的近地轨道卫星，作者认为应该小心慎行，避免潜在的危险发生。故选C项。
8
29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今那些希望自己的孩子获得成功的父母可以购买一款高科技软件来定位孩子们在大学是否正常上课，但这并不是一个好主意。大学生应该有一份责任感和独立自主生活的能力。
29. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Is it a good idea for parents to track whether their young adults are in class? In short: No. This is a terrible idea.”可知，父母定位孩子是否上课是否是个好主意？简而言之：不是。这是一个可怕的想法。由此可知，作者对定位青少年一事持反对态度。故选B。
30. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“One of the fundamental purposes of a college is learning to be an independent person. That means learning how to do what needs to be done, whether one particularly feels like doing it or not.”可知，大学的基本目的之一就是让大学生学会成为一个独立的人。这意味着大学生要学习如何做需要做的事情，无论他或她是否特别想做。由此可知，在作者看来，大学生在学校应该学习的最重要的东西是独立自主地生活。故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“The truth is that kids need to learn to fail.”可知，事实是孩子们需要在生活中学着去接受失败，在失败中学习，在失败中提升。即作者对失败的看法是失败可能是孩子成长的关键部分。故选B。
32. 句意猜测题。根据最后两段的“College is an ideal place to practice adults’ responsibility and independence. Students need to make their own decisions about whether to get out of bed and go to work in the morning. Maybe your child hasn’t learned this lesson by now, but he or she has to learn it sometime.”可知，大学是培养成年人的责任感和独立性的理想场所。学生需要自行决定是否早上起床去上学。也许你的孩子目前尚未懂得这一点，但他或她必须在某个时候明白这一点。划线句子从表面上理解为：闹钟的作用是唤醒你，但没有给出你起床的原因。即闹钟的作用是提醒你不要错过上学的时间，但是它无法告诉你为什么要起来去上学。结合划线句子前面的内容可知，作为大学生，你应该有一份责任感和独立自主的能力，心中有自己的目标，能够独立地做出决定，而不是因为闹钟响起了就要去上学。因此划线句子实际的意思是“孩子们应该始终保持责任心和独立性”。故选D。
9
33. A 34. B 35. C 36. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。2020年4月30日，世界上最著名的音乐家在线聚会，庆祝第十届国际爵士日，并设立了2020年的目标。
33. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“On April 30. 2020, the world's most famous musicians met online to celebrate the tenth International Jazz Day.”（2020年4月30日，世界上最著名的音乐家在线聚会，庆祝第十届国际爵士日。）可知，这些音乐家4月30日在网上聚会是为了庆祝爵士日。故选A。
34. 词义猜测题。根据第六段最后两句“Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context. It can be adapted to（适应）different situations.”（有时我们忽略了音乐有更广泛的背景。它可以适应不同的情况。）可知，re — contextualize的意思是适应不同的情况。故选B。
35. 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句和第三句“Today, the music can't be presented the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same. ”（今天，音乐已经不能像1908年或1958年那样呈现了。它必须继续前进，因为世界运行的方式是不一样的。）可知，Moran认为爵士乐应该与时俱进。故选C。
36. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Despite the celebrations, though, the jazz audience continues to grow older because the music has failed to attract the younger generations. It's their job to help change that.”（尽管有这些庆祝活动，但爵士乐的观众仍在不断变老，因为这种音乐未能吸引年轻一代。他们的工作就是帮助改变这种状况。）可知，这次庆祝的重点在于改变爵士乐不再有吸引力的现状，根据第三段第二句“He            hopes to widen the audience for jazz and make the music more accessible and enjoyable.”（他希望能扩大爵士乐的听众范围，使爵士乐更容易理解，更令人愉快。）可知，在这次庆祝聚会上音乐家们立下了扩大爵士乐的听众范围，使爵士乐更容易理解，更令人愉快的目标。所以选项B（为2020年的爵士乐日设定的目标）是最好的标题。故选B。
10
37. A 38. D 39. A 40. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。
37. 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句后一句“We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm.(我们习惯了新拥有的东西，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就变成了常态)”可推知，新拥有的东西，能够带来的快乐是短暂的 ，很快就会“消失”，peters out对应的同义词应是“die away”。故选A。
38. 细节理解题。根据第三段提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份的一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的)”可知，吉洛维奇（Gilovich）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的经历形成与他人的区别，因此我们的经历让我们与他人不同。故选D。
39. 推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到“The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out.(问题是，事物所带来的快乐会逐渐消失)”及第三段首句提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things.(吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福)”及最后一段最后一句提到“Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.(事物可能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要的)”可推知，作者认为，事物可能留存的时间比经历更久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历留下的精神财富才是最重要的。故选A。
40. 主旨大意题。通读全文内容特别是最后一段的“In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.(换句话说，这种幸福很快就蒸发了，让我们想要更多。事情可能比经历更长，但留下的记忆是最重要的)”可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on?(我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢？)”可知，本文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上呢？”故选C。
11
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jose创立了一家秘鲁生态银行，向孩子们教授金融和循环利用的故事。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their pocket money on unimportant things like candy and toys, Jose was busy saving money for more necessary things.（七岁的时候，当他的朋友们把零用钱花在糖果和玩具等不重要的东西上时，乔斯却忙着存钱买更需要的东西。）”可知，Jose比其他孩子突出的点在于可以更明智的管理零花钱。故选C项。
42. 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first cooperative bank for kids.（成立于2012年的巴特塞拉纳学生银行是世界上第一家儿童合作银行。）”及“Once accepted, all bank partners are required to bank at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis.（一旦被接受，所有的银行合作伙伴必须每月至少多存一公斤可回收垃圾。）”可知，“all bank partners”指的是带来可回收垃圾的儿童。故选B项。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The youngster's determination paid off, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student Bank had over 200 members.（这个年轻人的决心得到了回报，到2013年，巴特塞拉纳学生银行已经拥有了200多名会员。）”和“Not surprisingly, Jose's efforts have earned the youngster several national and international awards, which won him about $ 5,500.”（不出所料，Jose的努力为这位年轻人赢得了几个国家和国际的奖，为他赢得了大约5500美元）可知，第三段主要通过事例讲述了Jose的努力所得到的回报。故选A项。
44. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first cooperative bank for kids.（成立于2012年的巴特塞拉纳学生银行是世界上第一家儿童合作银行。）”及文章最后一段“This way caring about the environment becomes an investment, a system that gives children both economic independence and power to influence the climate.（这样，对环境的关心就变成了一种投资，一种给予孩子们经济独立和影响气候的能力的系统。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了秘鲁的一家生态银行向孩子们教授金融和循环利用。故选D项。
12
45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了二十多种澳大利亚哺乳动物已经被野猫灭绝了，并且，野猫还在威胁着当地哺乳动物的生命。南威尔士大学的亚历山德拉·罗斯经过试验发现，哺乳动物可以被训练来躲避捕食者。
45. 细节理解题。根据第一段“More than a score of Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predator, which arrived with European settlers,still threaten native wildlife (超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死。这些捕食者是随欧洲殖民者抵达的，它们仍然威胁着当地的野生动物)”可知，超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死，并且这些捕食者仍然威胁着当地的野生动物。因此，从第一段可以了解到在澳大利亚，野猫杀之不尽。故选B项。
46. 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Many Australian mammals, though not actually extinct, are restricted to fragments of cat-free habitat. (很多澳大利亚哺乳动物，虽然并没有灭绝，却被限制在没有猫的栖息地内)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“但这将使这些被迫移民者回到猫科动物的视野中，这是问题产生的根源”，其中“forced migrants”指的是限于某些地区的澳大利亚哺乳动物。故选A项。
47. 细节理解题。根据第三段“As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats.(作为对照，她在一个类似的围场里饲养了几乎相同数量的兔耳袋狸，但里边没有野猫)”可知，作为对照，第二个围栏和第一个围栏有相似的自然环境，只是里面没有野猫。因此，前两个围栏有相似的自然环境。故选C项。
48. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The outcome was that the training worked. Over the subsequent 40 days ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones.(结果是训练奏效了。在随后的40天里，十只未经培训的动物被猫吃掉了，而经过培训的动物只有四只被猫吃掉)”可知，实验发现，与没有经过训练的袋狸鼠比起来，训练过的袋狸鼠更能够躲避被夜猫吃掉，即袋狸数可以被训练避开捕食者。故选D项。
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49. D 50. C 51. C 52. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过比较人工智能和人类的智能，想要告诉我们——什么是真正的智力。
49. 细节理解题。根据第一段“They’ve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.( 他们开始懂得如何适应陌生的环境)”可知，与高级人工智能程序相比，婴儿可能更善于做出调整。故选D。
50. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. (在以超快的速度与自己对弈数千场，并从获胜位置中学习之后，阿尔法零独立地发现了几种著名的国际象棋策略，甚至发明了新的策略)”可推知，阿尔法零超越了人类的认知能力，所以划线单词“eclipsing”的意思是“超过，胜过”，划线句意是：它看起来确实像是一台超越人类认知能力的机器。故选C。
51. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty. (一位强大的人类棋手展示的不仅是下棋的能力，还有完成任何类似难度任务的潜力)”和最后一段“AI programmes will need to learn in new ways — for example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. (人工智能程序将需要以新的方式学习——例如，通过得出因果推论，而不是简单地寻找模式)”可推知， Francois Chollet 和Josh Tenenbaum可能同意人工智能缺乏一种技能的泛化能力。故选C。
52. 主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第二段“Yet even experts like Spelke don't understand precisely how babies — or adults, for that matter — learn. That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: We’re not sure what to aim for. (然而，即使是像斯皮尔克这样的专家也不能确切地理解婴儿——或成人——是如何学习的。这一差距指向了现代人工智能的一个核心难题:我们不确定该以什么为目标)”可知，本文讲述了所谓真正的智力到底是什么。故选A。
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53. B 54. C 55. B 56. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“产品设计存在性别偏见”这一事实，分析了在产品设计上产生偏见和原因，出于道德，安全以及商业原因，这些偏见需要消除，而作者对此抱有积极态度。
53. 词义猜测题。根据划线短语的主语“an idea”意为“想法；主意”，结合后文“ it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men.”（然后，它将由产品设计和工程团队来处理，其中四分之三的成员是男性。）可知，这个想法或创意应是先被批准，才将由产品设计和工程团队来处理。由此可推知，划线短语“gets the green light”应是“获得批准”含义，与选项B“gets approval(得到批准)”表达含义一致。故选B项。
54. 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第二，三段内容可知，第二段中“An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding.”（其设计问题的一个明显原因是男性控制了大部分公司。男性经营的公司获得了82%的风险投资。）为该段的主旨句，由此可知，第二段主要讲述了产品存在性别偏见的原因是男性控制了大部分公司，并且在进行决策是，往往使用的是缺乏普适性的数据。第三段的主旨句为“Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people.”（当然，设计师会在他们的目标客户身上测试原始模型，但他们可能无法从足够广泛的人群中获得反馈），由此可知，第三段讲述了在进行产品测试时，设计师们无法从足够广泛的人群中得到反馈，且往往忽略一些用户群体的负面反馈。由此可知，第二，三段主要讲述了在产品设计过程中，哪些环节出现了问题。故选C项。
55. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed.”（但也有一个强大的商业理由来避免设计偏见，因为巨大的机会正在被错过。）可知，设计偏见可能会导致错过巨大的商机。故选B项。
56. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段开头句“Change is coming.”可知，在作者看来，改变（产品性别偏见）即将到来，且后文“ ‘Femtech’ start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits.(专注于女性健康和福祉的“Femtech”初创公司可能在今年年底前筹集到10亿美元的MYM资金。风投基金和科技公司正在雇佣更多的女性。确保产品是为每个人设计的，将会带来更快乐和更安全的客户。对那些做对了的公司来说，这意味着更高的利润。)”列举了一些产品的设计考的女性用户的例子以及公司会雇佣更多的女性能够带来更高的利润。由此推断作者对于无偏见产品设计的未来持有积极的态度。故选C项。
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57. B 58. A 59. B 60. C
【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了Scrubba Wash Pack的来源以及功能。
57. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The portable(手提的) washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration(灵感) from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes.”可知：计划攀登乞力马扎罗山时，在2010年Ash Newland发明了便携式洗衣机，由于苦恼于有限的背包空间，他从传统的搓衣板中获得了灵感并创建一个用来洗衣服的包。由此可知，Ash Newland 因为自己的个人经历而发明了这款背包。根据句意可知选B。
58. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a flaw(缺点) with his invention – dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag!”可知，Newland之所以不满意，是因为他发现这个发明有一个缺点——脏衣服必须用单独的袋子装着，不方便。根据句意可知选A。
59. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前后的“In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly... ”to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged (揉搓) for a few minutes....” 为了使背包发挥更好的作用，把脏衣服和2到3升水一起放在袋子里。然后把袋子紧紧地关闭...”。以及划线词“squeeze”后的宾语air可知，“把袋子关闭好”就是确保空气“挤出”，才能洗衣服。squeeze即（挤出）空气。分析选项A.Blown吹，刮；B. Pushed挤开，推挤； C. Figured计算；D. Run 跑，操作。可知，B项（push）符合题意，故选B。
60. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past! ”可知，有了Scrubba Wash Pack,在国外漫游时寻找洗衣店或为花钱买洗衣机洗衣付费很快就会成为过去。由此可知，在将来Scrubba Wash Pack将会被更多的旅游广泛使用。故选C。
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61. A 62. C 63. C 64. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)的用途，结构和性能。
61. 推理判断题。由第二段“The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days. Unless, that is, they had one of Omar Yaghi’s next-generation water harvesters.”可知，亚利桑那沙漠非常干燥。任何没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水。除非他们有奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器，所以奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器可以解决沙漠中缺水的问题。故判断出第二段提到亚利桑那沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故选A。
62. .细节理解题。由第三段“What makes it work is a special material called a metal-organic framework (MOF)...”可知，使它工作的是一种称为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料，所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故选C。
63. 词句猜测题。由第四段“These crystalline cluster（结晶群）of metals, such as aluminum or magnesium, linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surface. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.”可知，这些由有机分子连接的金属结晶群，例如铝或镁，可制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，将特定分子吸到其表面。可知划线词所在的句子意思是MOF就是通过这种方式紧紧吸附各种液体和气体。第四段中划线词"cling to"意思是hold onto“紧紧抓住”的意思。故选C。
64. 推理判断题。由最后一段“More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.”可知迄今为止，已有七万多种不同的MOF被生产用于各类实际应用中，所以我们通过短文最后一段的内容可以判断出，接下来的段落可能会涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故选B。
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65. D 66. D 67. A 68. C
【解析】本文为议论文。作者通过论证表明：世界上不能没有老师。文章强调了老师的重要性。
65. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“That surely has to be the toughest job in the world, especially given that there is no promotion or bonus awaiting them even if they are wildly successful!”可知，这肯定是世界上最艰难的工作，尤其是考虑到即使他们非常成功，也没有晋升或奖金等着他们!。由此判断出教师是世界上最具挑战性的工作之一。故D选项正确。
66. 细节理解题。由第二段中的 its purpose was to inspire more young people to become teachers可知，它的目的是激励更多的年轻人成为教师。故D选项正确。
67. 词句猜测题。由最后一段中的Teachers don’t just teach they inspire something that no electronic device， no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her可知，老师不仅仅是在教授知识，他们还能激发，任何智能的电子设备，都无法做到的东西！所以下次你觉得你的老师为了引导你走向正确的方向，而变得”刻薄”的时候，想象一下没有他/她的生活。由此可知，划线词的意思是“一个没有老师的世界是不可想象的”。故A选项正确。
68. 主旨大意题。文章分别以Project Ed and Participant Media’s Teach campaign, Savannah Wakefield, Monet, Miles Horst等为例，强调了老师的重要性。所以短文的最佳标题为“老师的重要性”。故C选项正确。
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69. C 70. B 71. B 72. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了苏格兰大学的研究人员发现了一种可以抑制病毒复制，甚至控制癌症的蛋白质。
69. 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Hira could possibly suppress the division of cells that causes cancer. the Hira protein has a role to play in the anti-viral fight, thus, making it have a fundamental role to play in fighting against cancer.”可知hira在对抗癌症的过程中起基础性作用，因为hira能够控制引发癌症的细胞分裂。故选C项。
70. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is going to take some time, probably years, before this work can move out of the lab and into clinics and hospitals.”可知，hira用于临床实践还需要很长时间，甚至很多年，所以hira目前仍需要进行试验研究。故选B项。
71. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But the researchers are excited Hira will one day be the basis of a new approach in medicine.”可知，作者认为在医疗上，hira将来会成为一种新的基础医疗方法。所以，作者对此持乐观态度。故选B项。
72. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Researchers at the University of Scotland have discovered a protein that can influence viruses developing and even can control cancer.”可知苏格兰大学的研究人员发现了一种抑制病毒传播和控制癌症的蛋白质。故选D项。