04 阅读理解主旨大意题-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)

这是一份04 阅读理解主旨大意题-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)，共40页。
04 阅读理解主旨大意题
命题要点简析
阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。主旨大意题通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主题，选择标题等形式。主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度的概括和总结。主旨大意题包括文章主旨题、段落大意题和标题归纳题。
每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore, thus, but, however, in short, to sum up等表达转折或总结的词语。
题型特征总览
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解, 它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下, 对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象, 既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力, 难度较大。
（一）命题方式
把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式:
1. What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?
2. The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is __________.  
3. The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on __________.  
4. What is mainly discussed in the text?
5. What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
6. Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?
7. The passage mainly focuses on __________.  
（二）解答技巧
题型
特点
解题技巧
主题类(内容)
考查文章或段落的主旨大意
找主题句四窍门:
(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时, 该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地重复的观点, 通常是主旨; 反复出现的词语, 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。
标题类
要求考生选出文章的最佳标题
文章标题三特点:
(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子, 短语居多;
(2)短小精悍, 精确性强;
(3)涵盖性强, 能覆盖全文大意。
题型突破攻略
一、文章大意题
文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
1. 主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句

(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
转折词
如but，however，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
总结词
如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
疑问句
若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
2.高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
3.逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
注意：
1．正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文
2．错误选项特征
(1)以偏概全，主次不分
(2)无中生有，曲解文意
【典型例题】　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Some parents will buy any high－tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math－related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents’ income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher－income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method.
B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist.
D．A teaching program.
【分析】
·第一步　读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。
·第二步　利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers，expert，study，findings等词，主要介绍的是一项科学研究。
二、段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。

【典型例题】　(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example，discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
【分析】
·第一步　首尾兼顾定段意：通读全文可知，Recent studies have found positive effects.是本段的主旨，后通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。
·第二步　析选项，斟酌判断：
A
对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研究，但不是该段的主旨。
以偏概全
断章取义
B
犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好处，故混淆主次。
以偏概全
断章取义
C
来自不同工作场所的员工。虽涉及工作场所的员工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题。
以偏概全
生搬硬套
D
绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括
涵盖性强，
覆盖全段
·第三步　比对选项得出答案。
三、标题归纳题
该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感情色彩)；覆盖性强(能概括全文并体现文章的主旨)。
要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。
1. 利用4大技巧解题
关键词法
反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词
主题句法
根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题
穿珠连串法
分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题
逆向法
根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项
2.结合3大特点解题

3.排除3种错误选项

【典型例题】　(2020·浙江7月卷阅读C)
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age，a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1，000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.Then，for eight years，the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise，”says Francisca Then，who led the study.“After a long run，you may feel like you’re in pain，you may feel tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at work—sure，you will feel tired，but it can help your brain stay healthy.”
It’s not just corporate jobs，or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit，Then points out.A waiter’s job，for example，that requires multitasking，teamwork and decision－making could be just as stimulating as any high－level office work.And “running a family household requires high－level planning and coordinating(协调)，”she says.“You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.Still，continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B．Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C．Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D．Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【分析】
·第一步　找准文章的主题句：通读全文，本文是“总—分”结构，文章开头提出主旨“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age”。
·第二步　根据正误选项特征，斟酌判断：A、B选项无中生有，曲解文意；D选项以偏概全；主次不分；选项C“棘手的工作可能会帮助你保持思维敏捷”精炼地概括了文章内容。
·第三步　比对选项得出答案。


名校资源学练
1
（2023秋·福建泉州·高三福建省永春第一中学校考阶段练习）Jeremy from America cannot understand why a lady he met outside the Hyde Park in London said, “Ooh, isn’t it cold?”, and he thinks of this behaviour as a distinctively English concern about the weather. In fact, the female was just trying to strike up a conversation with Jeremy. Not necessarily a long conversation — just an exchange of greetings. It is not always quite that obvious, but all English weather conversations have a distinctive structure conducted according to unwritten but accepted rules.
The unpredictable nature of our weather ensures that there is always something new to comment on, or perhaps most importantly, agree about. We have already established that weather-speak greetings like “Cold, isn’t it?” require the response expressing agreement, as in “Yes, isn’t it?” .It would be very rude to respond with “No, actually it’s quite mild.” or “It’s pretty hot to me.” If you deliberately break the rule, you will find that the atmosphere becomes rather tense and awkward. There may be an uncomfortable silence. Most likely, they will either change the subject or continue talking about the weather among themselves politely, if coldly, ignoring your faux pas.
There is, however, one situation in which English weather-speakers are not required to observe the agreement rule at all and that is the male-bonding argument, particularly the pub-argument. In the special environment of the pub, constant disagreement not just on the weather, but on everything else as well is a means of expressing friendship.
While we may spend much of our time complaining about our weather, foreigners are not allowed to criticize it. Indeed, this brings us to the weather as family rule. In this respect, we treat the English weather like a member of our family: one can complain about the behavior of one’s own children or parents, but any blame from an outsider is unacceptable. The weather may be one of the few things about which the English are still unconsciously and unashamedly patriotic （爱国的）.
1. Why did the lady comment on the weather to Jeremy?
A. To build up friendship.
B. To begin a casual chat.
C. To send seasonal greetings.
D. To express dissatisfaction.
2. What does the underlined phrase “faux pas” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Improper response. B. Careless attitude.
C. Rude interruption. D. Frequent complaint.
3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Male bonding in pubs.
B. Argument about weather.
C. Exception to the agreement rule.
D. Making friends by disagreement.
4. What is the best title for this text?
A. Politeness Tips for Foreigners
B. Accepted Rules in Social Life
C. English Politeness in Weather Conversation
D. Hidden Rules of English Weather Conversation
2
（2023·辽宁沈阳·沈阳二中校考三模）TerraCycle is a company that has recycled and upcycled (升级改造) just about any garbage it can get its hands on. It upcycles things like pens and markers into dust bins and picnic tables and cigarette ends into railroad ties.
Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. The book is part wake-up call, part history lesson, part how-to, and part DIY arts and crafts instruction.
In an effort to help people do what they can to curb their contribution to the tons of waste created every day, Make Garbage Great gives the history of various materials, discusses why those various materials are a problem, and gives tips and DIY projects to recycle or upcycle each material.
There is a chapter each on plastics, metals, paper, glass, wood, rubber and organics. Each chapter is filled with tons of tips and ideas for reducing the amount of waste you create and for responsibly handling the waste you end up creating in your home. If you’re a conscious consumer, some of the information you may already know, but there are also tips in this book that will help you recycle more than you thought you were able to. It has information on where you can take old sneakers, pillows, and all that electronic waste that seems to pile up quicker and quicker each year.
Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy or before you throw, anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. It’s printed on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative to many of the products that we waste.
5. What is the book intended to do?
A. To advertise for the company.
B. To help families make money.
C. To instruct people to learn arts.
D. To help families reduce waste.
6. What can we know about the book?
A. It is intended for housewives.
B. It is environmentally friendly.
C. It is well received all over the world.
D. It is not different from other paper books.
7. What does the author’s attitude towards the book?
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
8. What could be the best title for the text?
A. Live A More Healthy Life?
B. Want A Zero-waste Lifestyle?
C. TerraCycle — A Responsible Company
D. Make Garbage Great — A Key to Success
3
（2023春·天津南开·高三统考阶段练习）Sometimes just when we need the power of miracles, they arise in the places we would least expect.
On a cold January afternoon in 1989, I was climbing Egypt’s Mt. Horeb, hoping to get to the peak by sunset to see the valley below. As I was winding up the narrow path, I’d sometimes see other hikers who were coming down. While they would generally pass with simply a nod or a greeting in another language, there was one man who did neither.
I saw him coming and as he got closer, I could see that, unlike other hikers, he was wearing traditional Egyptian galabia( 长 袍 ). What made his appearance so strange was that the man didn’t even appear to be Egyptian, but was a small-framed Asian man with little hair and round glasses.
As we neared one another, I said Hello, but not a sound came from him. I thought maybe he hadn’t heard me. Suddenly he stopped directly in front of me, looked up from the ground, and spoke a single sentence to me in English, “Sometimes you don’t know what you have lost until you’ve lost it.” As I took in what I had just heard, he simply stepped around me and continued his going down.
That moment in my life was a small miracle. The reason is less about what the man said but more about the timing and the context. The year was 1989, and it was during my Egyptian pilgrimage (朝圣), and specifically during my hike to Mt. Horeb, that I’d set the time aside to make decisions that would affect my career, my friends, my family, and ultimately, my life.
I had to ask myself what the chances were of an Asian man dressed in an Egyptian galabia coming down from the top of this historic mountain just when I was walking up, stopping before me, and offering his wisdom, seemingly from out of nowhere. My answer to my own question was easy: nearly no chance! In a meet that lasted less than two minutes, a total stranger had brought something clear and something of a warning, regarding the huge changes that I would make within a matter of days. In my way of thinking, that’s a miracle.
Miracles are everywhere and occur every day for different reasons, in response to the different needs that we may have in the moment. Our job may be less about questioning the extraordinary things that happen in our daily lives and more about accepting the gifts they bring.
9. Before the Asian man spoke, how did the author think about him?
A. He was very rude and strange.
B. He was different from others.
C. He was shy and nod to strangers.
D. He looked ordinary and was talkative.
10. Why did the author make a pilgrimage to Mt Horeb in Egypt ?
A. He was in search of a miracle in his life.
B. It was a place for a religious person to head for.
C. He intended to make arrangements for his future life.
D. He waited patiently in expectation of meeting a wise person.
11. What does the underlined part “my own question” refer to in paragraph 6 ?
A. For what reason did the man stop before me ?
B. Why did the Asian man go to the mountain ?
C. What change would I make within a matter of days ?
D. What was the probability that others told us the right words ?
12. Why did the author view the meet with the Asian man as a miracle in his life?
A. Because the Asian man’s appearance had a deciding effect on his future life.
B. Because his words were in perfect response to the need he had at that moment.
C. Because what the Asian man said was meaningful in the philosophy of life.
D. Because the Asian man impressed on him the worth of what he had possessed.
13. What might be the best title for the passage ?
A. Can you recognize a miracle? B. Is a miracle significant to us?
C. When might a miracle occur? D. Why do we need a miracle?
4
（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考模拟预测）Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrients (营养物) needed to support the planet’s ecosystems, including human life. While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet — carbon.
Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself. Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,  melts minerals in rocks. This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氢盐) in the water that then flows in our rivers. This is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) for millions of years.
As carbon travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere. For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river. Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way, which causes more warming.
Earth’s climate is closely related to the carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.
14. Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?
A. The atmosphere. B. The rocks.
C. The acid rain. D. The upstream areas.
15. Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. To show how important to life carbon is.
B. To explain how necessary it is to build dams.
C. To show how a natural process is interrupted.
D. To explain how humans fight global warming.
16. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A. We’d better move upstream to live.
B. We should protect plants along rivers.
C. We’d better seek more help from plants.
D. We should be cautious about river management.
17. What is the best title for the text?
A. What Humans Do with Rivers
B. How Rivers’ Transporting Carbon Counts
C. What the Carbon Cycle Means to Us
D. How Living Downstream Affects the Earth
5
（2023秋·重庆万州·高三重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Curiosity is what drives us to keep learning, keep trying, keep pushing forward. But how does one generate (产生) curiosity, in oneself or others? George Loewenstein, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, offered an answer in the classic1994 paper, “The Psychology of Curiosity.”
Curiosity arises, Loewenstein wrote, “when attention becomes focused on a gap in one's knowledge. Such information gaps produce the feeling of deprivation (匮乏) labeled curiosity. The curious individual is motivated to obtain the missing information to reduce the feeling of deprivation.” Loewenstein's theory helps explain why curiosity is such a force: it's not only a mental state but also an emotion, a powerful feeling that drives us forward.
Scientist Daniel Willingham notes that teachers are often “so eager to get to the answer that we do not devote enough time to developing the question.” Yet it's the question that stimulates (刺激) curiosity; being told an answer stops curiosity before it can even get going.
In his 1994 paper, George Loewenstein noted that curiosity requires some basic knowledge. We're not curious about something we know absolutely nothing about. But as soon as we know even a little bit, our curiosity is aroused and we want to learn more. In fact, research shows that curiosity increases with knowledge: the more we know, the more we want to know. To get this process started, Loewenstein suggests, take steps with some interesting but incomplete information.
Language teachers have long used communication in exercises that open an information gap and then require learners to communicate with each other in order to fill it. For example, one student might be given a series of pictures for the beginning of the story, while the student's partner is given a series of pictures showing how that same story ends. Only by speaking with each other (in the foreign language they are learning, of course) can the students fill in each others' information gaps.
18. When one notices a gap in his knowledge, he .
A. desires to fill it
B. tends to be afraid
C. might get tired and sad
D. will become focused on his learning
19. What does Daniel Willingham imply in the article?
A. Answers are more important than questions.
B. Teachers should be eager to get to the answer.
C. Teachers know how to stimulate students’ curiosity.
D. Teachers are partly to blame for students’ hating school.
20. According to George Loewenstein’s paper, curiosity about something occurs only when you .
A. have read a lot of books B. know little about something
C. have some related information D. are given incomplete information
21. What is the article mainly about?
A. Why students hate school.
B. Why curiosity is important.
C. How to stimulate curiosity.
D. What makes people hungry for knowledge.
6
（2023秋·吉林长春·高三长春市第五中学校考期末）One of the most popular beliefs in parenting is the so﹣called Mozart effect， which says that listening to music by the Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart can increase a child's intelligence. Some pregnant women have even gone so far as to play Mozart recordings on headphones pressed against their bellies. And it's not hard to see how Mozart's name became associated with accelerated development. He was history's greatest child genius， performing astonishing music for kings and queens at an age when many of us were content with tuneless singing "I'm a Little Teapot".
So， if you have kids or you're expecting to have them， how seriously should you take the Mozart effect？ Will the child who doesn't listen to Mozart in the cradle （摇篮） be limited to an ordinary life？ Are you a bad parent if your kids don't know about any works of Mozart？
Relax. There is no scientific evidence that listening to Mozart improves children's cognitive abilities. The whole idea comes from a small study done in 1993， which found that college students who listened to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major （K 448）showed some improvement in a test of spatial （空间的） skills. This finding was later described as something extremely amazing by a musician， Don Campbell， in a book. Campbell's claims about the super powers of Mozart's music were repeated endlessly in the media and fueled a craze for Mozart﹣based enrichment activities. In 1998， for example， the governor of Georgia in the USA requested funds to send classical﹣music CDs to all parents of newborns in the state.
Since then， scientists have examined the claim that Mozart increases intelligence and found no evidence for it. The original experiment with college students was reviewed in 1999， and the increase in the students' spatial skills was found to be negligible. In 2007 the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research asked a team of experts to examine the scientific literature regarding Mozart and child development， and they found no reason to believe that it increased intelligence.
22. People relate Mozart to children's intelligence development because he　 　.
A. owned extraordinary music talent.
B. could perform music as a child.
C. offered music to pregnant women.
D. was an royal Austrian composer.
23. What can we know about the small study in 1993？
A. It added to the popularity of Mozart's music.
B. It found no evidence for supporting Mozart effect.
C. It helped college students make academic progress.
D. It urged Georgia's governor to spread classical music.
24. What does the underlined word "negligible" probably mean？
A. Sudden. B. Insignificant. C. Average. D. Steady.
25. What can be the best title for the text？
A. New Findings： Mozart Effect to Be Proved.
B. Secrets Uncovered： History of Mozart Effect.
C. Does Listening to Mozart Make Kids Smarter？
D. How Does Mozart Improve Kids' Intelligence？
7
（2023·陕西渭南·统考一模）When I was a student at St. Joseph’s University, I began to spend time on the streets of Philadelphia, getting to know the men and women for whom these streets were their only home. The more I developed relationships with them and the more I got to know them, the harder it became to head home at night while they remained outside.
In this journey, I have had many great teachers --- including Georgianna Simmons, who lost nine of her toes to frostbite (冻伤), and Joe Williams, with a college degree, who runs a rescue center for homeless men.
I’ve been doing this work for more than thirty years. People who have nothing have taught me so much about life. The lesson they have taught me is that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need: housing, education, employment, and healthcare. Contrary to our society, which values those it believes productive and rich and often ignores those who struggle with homelessness, I believe that every man, woman, and child has gifts. Everyone matters!
Therefore, I work for a society in which each person is given the chances and resources to achieve their fullest potential (潜力). I also believe that our greatest power is released when people come together across social boundaries (边界) to form a community. It is through “the power of us ” that we come to know the deepest truth of our humanity. This is what I truly believe, “None of us are truly home until all of us are home.”
26. Which of the following is true about the author after he knew more about the homeless?
A. He wanted to make friends with them. B. He admired the life they were living.
C. He decided to live on the streets. D. He felt great pity for them.
27. What can we learn about Joe Williams?
A. He has made studies on the homeless.
B. He has been homeless for a long time.
C. He has done something good for the homeless.
D. He has taken care of the homeless at his home.
28. What can be learned from Paragraph 3?
A. The homeless are taken seriously by the government.
B. We should provide houses for the homeless.
C. The homeless have fewer chances than us.
D. The number of the homeless is increasing.
29. Which could be the best title for the text?
A. Everyone matters
B. How the homeless live
C. The best way to help the homeless
D. What we should do to help ourselves
8
（2023春·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Something strange has been happening to me lately: Women in the street have been telling me I'm brave.
My act of courage isn't much-I just stopped coloring my hair. I had brown hair that started going gray when I was 30. So, like a lot of women, I started dyeing (染)it. It was expensive and time-consuming. And my hair grows fast, so I needed to go back to the hair salon(美发厅) every 5 weeks.
Many people seem to enjoy holding onto their youth for as long as possible, giving off the impression that they don' t have much wisdom or many accomplishments. But our hair starts to turn gray and suddenly we start spending $500 or more a year to cover something our male colleagues don’t need to cover.
Of course, People should do what they want with their own body -my mother is 91 and still has "blond" hair, and why not? I just wish more of us would feel that it was OK to be ourselves, because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money.
I like my natural hair, just as it is. I like how it has got curly and full again. It is recovering after years of being damaged by chemicals. I also like that it has given me some needed attitude in a society that makes youth seem so important, while being against maturity. It reminds me that I'm not a kid anymore - and this isn't a bad thing. Not being a kid anymore means I read the books I want, and not the books i feel I should read. It means not wasting my time at events I don' t need to attend when I’d rather be with my family and friends.
When I see my hair in the mirror, it's a reminder that my time is limited, and I should spend it doing what matters. There's nothing shameful about growing older And pretending it's not happening is a way of giving up our power.
I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the idea that people lose value as they age, instead of gaining it. I see gray hair as my "flag" and I'm letting it fly proudly.
30. How does the author feel about coloring hair?
A. It shows people’s great courage.
B. It is a good way to hold onto youth.
C. It shows wisdom and accomplishments.
D. It is not worth the time and money spent on it.
31. What should we do when we grow old according to the author?
A. Give up our power.
B. Pretend to be still young.
C. Accept it and act positively.
D. Read as many books as possible.
32. What is the authors main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To explain why youth is valued.
B. To share her opinion on growing older.
C. To stress the importance of different attitudes.
D. To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of aging.
33. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Holding Onto Youth
B. Dyeing Your Hair
C. Gaining Value With Age
D. Valuing Wisdom Of Age
9
（2023秋·陕西西安·高三西安市铁一中学校考期末）Leftover again? Hurray
Here’s the deal: You’re as hungry as a horse and you want a delicious meal from a fine restaurant, but you’re a little low on funds.
So what do you do? If you happen to live in Europe, the answer is as easy as pie: You pull out your smartphone or tablet, and tap Too Good To Go, Europe’s most popular app. Approximately 23,000 restaurants and food sellers post their leftover offerings on the app for half their usual cost.
Why all this incredible generosity? Unbelievably, one-third of the world’s food is thrown away, and nearly one billion people don’t have enough to eat. Besides, burning wasted food releases harmful carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. That’s why environment-minded companies around the world are creating apps for phones, tablets, and other smart devices that connect uneaten food with people who want or need it.
After a long day at work, Anne, a 34-year-old student, pulls out her smartphone and chooses a noodle dish—pasta with mushrooms. Then she heads to a restaurant on the banks of the Spree River, where the owner packs her dinner and also offers her a scoop of free ice cream, which is a reward for bringing her own container.
Indeed, there are many programs serving the same mission around the world. In America, people are using an app called Food for All. One hour before a restaurant closes, its staff can post leftover meals to the app for up to 80 percent off menu prices. The app also allows customers to donate leftover meals to others.
In the Netherlands, 77,000 people have downloaded an app called NoFoodWasted. This program allows grocery store workers to share products that are approaching their expiration dates with customers who might need them.
Some countries are taking their commitment to reducing food waste a step further. France and the Czech Republic, for example, have laws that prohibit restaurants and grocery stores from throwing away food. Instead, workers are required to donate that food to charity.
So think about if there might be a better use for your uneaten vegetables. The planet will thank you.
34. What is this passage mainly about?
A. Restaurants can post leftover meals on the app Food for All.
B. Apps are designed connecting leftover food with people in need.
C. Stores share food approaching their expiration dates with customers.
D. It’s popular for people to claim food that might otherwise be thrown away.
35. What is the result when lots of food is thrown out and later burned up?
A. Carbon dioxide is given off, worsening the problem of climate change.
B. Some countries have laws making restaurants donate the food they make.
C. Governments have made many apps that let people find cheap meals.
D. Nearly one billion people on the planet do not get enough food to eat.
36. What can you infer from the passage?
A. Anne packed a tasty pasta and mushroom dish to give away to charity.
B. The restaurant Anne visits sells its leftover food at a discount each day.
C. The 80-percent-off deal offered on app is not available during lunch hours.
D. Laws have been passed to prevent restaurants from throwing out leftover food.
37. This passage would be most useful for a student research project on _____.
A. application of technology to help solve the problem of leftover food
B. laws to help promote the safe transportation and sale of food products
C. restaurants using high-tech solutions to reduce packaging waste
D. methods to design apps that connect restaurants with customers
10
（2023春·四川泸州·高三四川省泸县第一中学校考开学考试）Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during rush hour. There are the times when you have to avoid cups of coffee that could spill (溅) on you. The smells of some passengers’ food are very strong, too. According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway. Violators (违反者) who do not stop after being asked to will be asked to get off. The violation will also be recorded in the violators’ credit record.
Some support the rule. The reason is that the smell of food and drink can annoy other passengers. “The smell of food fills the carriage, causing people discomfort, especially in the hot summer, Besides, eating on the subway produces rubbish. And on subway trains, people often spill their drinks,” said Zheng Yiou, 17, a student from Hefei.
However, others question this rule. “Some citizens live so far from their work places that they have limited time to have breakfast before they go to work. Eating while they travel saves them time and decreases the chance that they will be late for work,” He Songlin, a 17-year-old student from Chengdu said, “And some people, like those with low- blood sugar levels, get sick if they can’t eat when they must.”
Other Chinese cities like Nanjing and Chengdu have similar regulations. Some foreign cities also ban eating and drinking on the subway. For example, eating and drinking have long been banned on the subway in Washington DC. Singapore fines people who eat or drink on the subway up to 500 Singapore dollars, which is RMB 2,417 yuan.
Chen Yanyan, a professor from Beijing University of Technology, believed we should consider the need of some people to eat or drink on the subway. “Commuters (上班族) and travelers are sometimes too busy to eat. Maybe we could learn from Tokyo, where there are many subway stations equipped with services, allowing passengers to eat and drink,” she said.
38. In which city was subway passenger regulations carried out on May 15th?
A. Chengdu. B. Nanjing.
C. Washington DC. D. Beijing.
39. What’s the punishment for the passengers who break the rules in Singapore?
A. Eating on the subway. B. Drinking on the subway.
C. Being fined up to 2417 yuan. D. Being asked to get off the train.
40. What is Chen Yanyan’s attitude to eating or drinking on the subway?
A. Worried. B. Sympathetic.
C. Doubtful. D. Uninterested
41. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Food and Drink Banned on Subway.
B. The Adventure of Subway Traveling
C. Ways to Eat and Drink on Subway.
D. The Services on Subway Stations
11
（2023秋·湖南常德·高三校联考期末）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
42. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
43. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
44. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on
C. working with D. competing against
45. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
12
（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考期末）Once a circle missed a wedge (楔子). The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. Finally it found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.
In some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish(滋润) his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.
There is wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. There is wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy(悲剧) and survive — he or she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.
Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved wholeness that others can only long for.
46. Which may be an example of being whole?
A. A person has everything.
B. A person accepts his or her limitations.
C. A person loves someone and is loved.
D. A person feels blue for dropping unrealistic goals.
47. How is a baseball season similar to life?
A. Easy come, easy go.
B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Energy and persistence conquer all things.
D. Some battles you win and some battles you lose.
48. How does the author clarify his idea?
A. Mainly by comparing.
B. Mainly by reasoning.
C. Mainly by informing.
D. Mainly by arguing.
49. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Pursue perfection in life
B. Be whole in life
C. Life without mistakes is whole
D. No pains, no gains
13
（2023·陕西西安·统考一模）Electronic sensors built into paper could be used in a range of ways from information storage to touch screens and more.
Electronic sensors built into cartons（纸盒）may make it easier to tell when it’s time to throw out rotten milk or orange juice. And that’s just the start. At least that’s the goal for researchers working on putting electronics into paper. They’re trying to figure out how to combine the flexibility, low-cost and recyclability of paper with the information-carrying ability of electronics.
Daniel Torbjork, a physics graduate student in Finland, has been working on the problem. He’s published a review of the field in the journal Advanced Materials.
Much research has been focused in this area. While most electronic applications require patterned conducting structures, conductive paper could be used in applications such as energy storage devices, sensors, electric heaters and others, according to Torbjork.
“You could even have some interactive functions in magazines,” Torbjork said, “You could put a simple game in a package. If you want a touch screen, press a button and then something happen. Sensors in paper could tell us when something has gone bad.”
Additional applications, such as information storage and security paper, have been suggested for magnetic papers containing magnetite. In Massachusetts, researchers have figured out how to post a video of such a device put into a paper airplane.
German researchers have also put electronic chips in paper bank notes to defend counter-feiters（造伪币者）. Paper is a good material but printing electronics also requires low-cost manufacturing. As many US and European paper makers lose market share to cheaper paper from China, these big paper companies are looking for added value products. That’s where electronic paper devices could make a difference.
“The major obstacles are paper’s large surface roughness and chemical impurities.” Torbjork says. But others in the field think that electronic sensors in paper are still far from the consumer marketplace.
“I don’t think it’s going to happen.” said Roy Horgan. “You need a conductive surface. It could be 10 years out. What we are looking for are solutions that you can commercialize today.”
Solar Print is partnering with Italian automaker Fiat to develop a unique auto-glass with tiny photostatic cells（光电）that can capture electricity from the sun. In the meantime, using paper to conduct electricity is still a “blue-sky” project.
“I would love to see someone prove me wrong, because that means that it’s actually happening.” Horgan said. “If someone comes up with conductive paper, then that’s a very interesting technology.”
50. Putting electronics into paper will ________.
A. cut the cost and impurity of paper
B. depend on flexible conductive structure
C. help consume rotten milk or orange juice
D. combine the advantages of paper and electronics
51. Paragraphs 4 to 7 mainly talk about the ________ of the conductive paper.
A. practical use B. theories
C. structures D. design process
52. Some paper makers welcome the new technology probably because it will ________.
A. put an end to fake money B. make the paper smoother
C. add more value to paper D. improve the printing technology
53. From the passage, we know that Roy Horgan ________.
A. has a burning desire to make a great profit
B. showed much interest in Solar Print industry
C. is not confident about the conductive paper
D. started a “blue-sky” project to study paper
14
（2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
54. What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A. It implies anger.
B. It promotes friendship.
C. It is culture-specific.
D. It is content-based.
55. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.
56. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B. Break it while treating patients.
C. Evaluate its harm to patients.
D. Make use of its healing effects.
57. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
15
（2023·云南曲靖·高三曲靖一中校考阶段练习）A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources（资源）：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
58. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they
A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃
D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
59. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A. We will lose much more than we can gain.
B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C. People have a strong desire for resources.
D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
60. It can be inferred from the text that
A. we can get enough resources without rainforests
B. there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
61. What might be the best title for the text?
A. How to Save Rainforests
B. How to Protect Nature
C. Rainforests and the Environment
D. Rainforests and Medical Development

参考答案
1
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述英国人在谈论天气时是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的，谈论天气是英国人一种独有的情怀。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In fact, the female was just trying to strike up a conversation with Jeremy. Not necessarily a long conversation — just an exchange of greetings.”可知，实际上这名女性只是想与Jeremy搭一下话。不必是长时间的对话，只是互相问好。因此这位女士对Jeremy评论天气是为了开始一个随便的聊天。故选B。
2. 短语猜测题。根据第二段中的“The unpredictable nature of our weather ensures that there is always something new to comment on, or perhaps most importantly, agree about.”可知，我们天气的不可预测性确保我们始终有新的东西可以评论，或者说最重要的是要达成对天气的共识。由此可知，人们在谈论天气时，双方往往会有一致的看法。由“If you deliberately break the rule, you will find that the atmosphere becomes rather tense and awkward. There may be an uncomfortable silence.”可知，如果你故意违反规则，你会发现气氛变得非常紧张和尴尬。可能会有不舒服的沉默。因此说话双方就要做出选择，即下文的“他们很可能会改变话题，或者继续礼貌地谈论天气”。如果对话氛围不好的话，他们自然会忽略你的回应。因此，这说明你的回应是不合适的，即违背了人们默认的规则。即划线短语意为“不当的回应”。 故选A。
3. 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“There is, however, one situation in which English weather-speakers are not required to observe the agreement rule at all and that is the male-bonding argument, particularly the pub-argument. In the special environment of the pub, constant disagreement not just on the weather, but on everything else as well is a means of expressing friendship.”可知，有一种情况下，英国谈论天气的人不需要遵守规则，这是发生在男人小圈子里的，尤其是在酒吧。在酒吧的特殊环境中，天气上的不断的分歧和在其他所有方面的分歧都是表达友谊的一种手段。即第3段主要讲的是遵守天气对话规则的例外。故选C。
4. 标题判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的“all English weather conversations have a distinctive structure conducted according to unwritten but accepted rules.”可知，所有关于天气的对话都是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的。文章接下来具体地对该规则进行了解释，因此本文的最佳标题是“英国人天气对话的潜规则”。故选D。
2
5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于垃圾回收和升级改造的TerraCycle公司为了帮助人们减少生活垃圾而出版了一本书，书中介绍了一些关于对废弃物品重新再利用的方法。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. (现在，TerraCycle希望通过一本新书《让垃圾变得伟大：TerraCycle家庭零废物生活指南》来帮助家庭减少浪费)可知，这本书的目的是为了帮助家庭减少浪费。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的后两句Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. It’s printed on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative to many of the products that we waste.(甚至实体书本身也有一些灵感。它印在没有树木的纸上，提醒我们通常有一个可持续的选择来替代我们浪费的许多产品)可知，这本书的用纸不是由树制成的，这本书是环保的。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据全文尤其最后一段作者的描述Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy or before you throw, anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration.(无论这本书是鼓励你在处理废物方面变得更聪明一点，还是只是鼓励你在买东西或扔东西之前思考一下，任何关心我们的文化造成的废物的人都会在这里找到一些想法。甚至实体书本身也有一些启发)可以看出，作者对这本书的态度是积极肯定的。故选A。
8. 主旨大意题。本文主要内容是帮助人们减少生活垃圾和对废物的重新利用的方法。由此可知，B. Want A Zero-waste Lifestyle?(想要零废物的生活方式吗？)可以体现文章的中心，适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。
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9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的亲身经历论述了“正当我们需要奇迹的力量时，奇迹却出现在我们最意想不到的地方”的故事。这个故事告诉我们奇迹无处不在，每天都在发生，因为不同的原因，为了回应我们此刻不同的需求。我们的工作可能不是质疑日常生活中发生的不寻常的事情，而是接受它们带来的礼物。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段中I saw him coming and as he got closer, I could see that, unlike other hikers, he was wearing traditional Egyptian galabia(长袍). 我看到他走过来，当他走近时，我可以看到，和其他徒步旅行者不同，他穿着传统的埃及长袍。可知，在那个亚洲人说话之前，作者认为他和其他人不一样。故选B项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中…that I’d set the time aside to make decisions that would affect my career, my friends, my family, and ultimately, my life. ……我抽出时间来做一些决定，这些决定将影响我的职业生涯、我的朋友、我的家人，最终，还有我的生活。可知，作者朝圣的目的是为他未来的生活做安排。故选C 项。
11. 词义猜测题。根据划线词组上一句中的I had to ask myself what the chances were of an Asian man dressed... and offering his wisdom, seemingly from out of nowhere. 我不得不问自己，一个穿着埃及加拉比亚长袍的亚洲人从这座历史名山的山顶下来的几率有多大，就在我走上去的时候，他停在了我面前，似乎不知从什么地方冒出来，给了我智慧。及划线词组所在句中nearly no chance! 几乎没有机会！可知，“我的问题”是指他人告诉我们真理的可能性是多少。故选D 项。
12. 推理判断题。根据第五段中That moment in my life was a small miracle. The reason is less about what the man said but more about the timing and the context. …那一刻在我的生命中是一个小小的奇迹。原因不在于他说了什么，而在于时间和背景……可知，原因并非他说了什么， 而是他说这话的时机以及当时我所处的背景。由此判断出为什么作者认为与亚洲人的相遇是他生命中的奇迹是因为他的话完全符合他当时的需要。故选 B项。
13. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者以自己的亲身经历论述了“正当我们需要奇迹的力量时，奇迹却出现在我们最意想不到的地方”的故事。这个故事告诉我们奇迹无处不在，每天都在发生，因为不同的原因，为了回应我们此刻不同的需求。我们的工作可能不是质疑日常生活中发生的不寻常的事情，而是接受它们带来的礼物。所以短文的最佳标题为“你能认出奇迹吗?”。故选A 项。
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14. A 15. C 16. D 17. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了河流对于运输碳的重要性以及人类工程对河流的破坏，号召人们要小心河流的管理。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, melts minerals in rocks.( 当含有大气中二氧化碳的天然酸雨融化岩石中的矿物质时，碳就开始了它的下游之旅。)”可知，河流里的碳最初来自于大气。故选A项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river.( 例如，人类工程，像大规模的水坝建设，将导致水和沉积物如何沿河流流动的巨大变化。)”可知，提到人类工程是为了说明前一句内容“different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.( 不同的过程可能会影响它是否继续向下游流动或是否释放到大气中。)”，从而解释了人类的干预性。故选C项。
16. 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Earth’s climate is closely related to the carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.( 地球的气候与碳循环密切相关。我们都知道植物在消耗二氧化碳方面的重要作用，但我们对河流了解的够多吗?改变化学物质和河流的流向可能会对它们运输碳的方式产生重大影响。记住:无论我们生活在哪里，我们都生活在下游。)”可知，作者在末尾段想要传达的信息是人类对于河流的干预会影响它们运输碳的方式，而人类需要在河流管理方法小心谨慎。故选D项。
17. 主旨大意题。根据文章首段提到的中心话题：While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet — carbon.( 虽然许多营养物质对生命的生存至关重要，但河流中有一种元素是生命和地球未来的关键——碳。)，且文章内容主要描述了河流运输碳有非常重要的价值。选项B“How Rivers’ Transporting Carbon Counts(河流如何运输碳)”可作为最佳标题。故选B项。
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18. A 19. D 20. C 21. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。好奇心像一台发动机，让你在求知的路上突飞猛进、硕果累累。那么如何激发好奇心呢？请看科学家们怎么说吧。
18. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The curious individual is motivated to obtain the missing information to reduce the feeling of deprivation.可知，好奇的人会被激励去获取缺失的信息，从而减少被剥夺的感觉。由此可知，当人们意识到知识缺口时，就渴望弥补它。故选A。
19. 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientist Daniel Willingham notes that teachers are often “so eager to get to the answer that we do not devote enough time to developing the question.” Yet it's the question that stimulates (刺激) curiosity; being told an answer stops curiosity before it can even get going.可知，科学家Daniel Willingham指出，老师们往往“太急于得到答案，以至于我们没有投入足够的时间来研究这个问题。” 然而，正是这个问题激发了人们的好奇心；被告知答案会在好奇心开始之前就停止了。由此可知，Daniel Willingham暗示学生对学校的厌恶，部分要归咎于教师。故选D。
20. 细节理解题。根据第四段的In his 1994 paper, George Loewenstein noted that curiosity requires some basic knowledge. We're not curious about something we know absolutely nothing about.可知，George Loewenstein在他1994年的论文中指出，好奇心需要一些基本的知识。我们对自己一无所知的事物并不好奇。由此可知，只有当你有一些相关的信息时，你才会对某事产生好奇心。故选C。
21. 主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段中的But how does one generate (产生) curiosity, in oneself or others?(但是，一个人是如何激发自己或他人的好奇心的呢？)可知，本文讲述了好奇心是怎样产生的问题，针对此问题，最后三段对如何激发好奇心给出了科学的建议。由此可知本文主要谈论了怎样去激发好奇心。故选C。
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22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要就“奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的智力”这件事情展开了讨论和研究，科学家们也对莫扎特提高智力的说法进行了研究，但没有发现任何证据。
22. 细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the most popular beliefs in parenting is the so﹣called Mozart effect， which says that listening to music by the Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart can increase a child's intelligence. Some pregnant women have even gone so far as to play Mozart recordings on headphones pressed against their bellies. And it's not hard to see how Mozart's name became associated with accelerated development. He was history's greatest child genius， performing astonishing music for kings and queens at an age when many of us were content with tuneless singing "I'm a Little Teapot"”可知，最流行的育儿观念之一是所谓的莫扎特效应，它说听奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的智力。一些孕妇甚至用压在肚子上的耳机播放莫扎特的录音。不难看出莫扎特的他是历史上最伟大的儿童天才，在我们许多人满足于无调子的歌唱"我是一个小茶壶"的年龄时，他已经为国王和王后演奏了令人惊讶的音乐。所以人们把莫扎特和儿童智力发展联系起来是因为他拥有非凡的音乐天赋。故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The whole idea comes from a small study done in 1993， which found that college students who listened to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major （K 448）showed some improvement in a test of spatial （空间的） skills. This finding was later described as something extremely amazing by a musician， Don Campbell， in a book. Campbell's claims about the super powers of Mozart's music were repeated endlessly in the media and fueled a craze for Mozart﹣based enrichment activities”可知，整个想法来自于1993年的一项小型研究，该研究发现，在D大调（K448）听莫扎特两钢琴奏鸣曲的大学生在空间技能测试中表现出了一定的进步，这一发现后来被一位音乐家唐•坎贝尔（Don Campbell）在一本书中描述为一件非常惊人的事情。坎贝尔关于莫扎特音乐超能力的说法被媒体无休止地重复，并激起了对以莫扎特为基础的丰富活动的狂热。可知1993年的小研究增加了莫扎特音乐的受欢迎程度。故选A。
24. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词所在的上下文句子“Since then， scientists have examined the claim that Mozart increases intelligence and found no evidence for it. In 2007 the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research asked a team of experts to examine the scientific literature regarding Mozart and child development， and they found no reason to believe that it increased intelligence”可知，此后，科学家们对莫扎特提高智力的说法进行了研究，但没有发现任何证据，德国联邦教育和研究部要求一个小组专家们对有关莫扎特和儿童发展的科学文献进行了研究，他们没有理由相信这会增加智力。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，可知的划线处的意思应该是“微不足道的”。所以和B项" Insignificant“微不足道的”意思一致。故选B。
25. 主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“One of the most popular beliefs in parenting is the so﹣called Mozart effect， which says that listening to music by the Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart can increase a child's intelligence” 可知，最流行的育儿观念之一是所谓的莫扎特效应，它说听奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的智力。以及短文主要就"奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的智力"这件事情展开了讨论和研究，所以C选项“听莫扎特的音乐能让孩子们更聪明吗？”为本段最佳标题。故选C。
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26. D 27. C 28. C 29. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。当作者还是圣约瑟夫大学的学生时就开始关注流浪街头的那些人，那些人无家可归，作者30多年来一直致力于帮助他们，尊重他们，他们使作者认识到他们也需要和我们一样的机会，作者认为每个人都有天赋，每个人都有存在的价值。
26. 推理判断题。第一段最后：“The more I developed relationships with them and the more I got to know them, the harder it became to head home at night while they remained outside.”作者越了解他们，当他们还流浪在外时，越难以自己回家，所以可以推断出作者对他们有深深的怜悯，故选D。
27. 细节理解题。第二段：“……Joe Williams, with a college degree, who runs a rescue center for homeless men.”Joe Williams开办了一家救济中心来帮助无家可归的人。所以Joe Williams为为无家可归的人做了些好事，故选C。
28. 推理判断题。第三段：“……that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need: housing, education, employment, and healthcare.”无家可归的人需要和我们所需要的一样的机会，如住房、教育、就业和健康。可以推断，无家可归的人所拥有的机会要比我们正常人少，故选C。
29. 标题判断题。第三段：“People who have nothing have taught me so much about life. The lesson they have taught me is that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need: housing, education, employment, and healthcare. Contrary to our society, which values those it believes productive and rich and often ignores those who struggle with homelessness, I believe that every man, woman, and child has gifts. Everyone matters!”，作者在长达30多年与无家可归者的接触中，了解了他们，从他们那学到了有关生活的很多东西，而我们的社会在忽视他们的价值，他们有天赋，他们每个人都很重要，这就是作者为此工作的原因，这就是作者写这篇文章的主旨，所以选项A“每个人都很重要”最适合做文章标题，故选A。
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30. D 31. C 32. B 33. D
【解析】本文属于说明文。叙述了自己由染发到不染发态度的转变，从而感慨要坦然面对变老，正视年龄的经历。
30. 细节理解题。根据题干定位词：color hair 可以在第四段最后一句找到答案，I just wish more of us would feel that it was OK to be ourselves, because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money.可以看出坦然做自己就好，头发变灰白接受年龄比节省时间和金钱带来的感受更重要。因此选 D。故选择D。
31. 细节理解题。根据文题顺序一致原则，该题的答案在倒数第二段。There's nothing shameful about growing older. And pretending it’s not happening is a way of giving up our power.考生只需要从倒数第二段的第二句把该段读完答案就可以选出 C。故选择C。
32. 写作目的题。因为全篇通过不再染发阐述对于变老的思考和态度，在文章五六七段都提到了自己坦然面对白发，面对年龄的感慨，故选择 B。
33. 主旨大意题中的最佳标题题。文章全文脉络是由染发提出问题，有反思有感慨，最后得出坦然变老的态度。通过最后一段第一句 I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the idea that people lose value as they age, instead of gaining it.可以看出：不是获得，虽然文中最后有 gaining 这个词，但是更多的要面对要珍惜，是提醒。故选择D。
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34. B 35. A 36. C 37. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几款将剩余的食物与有需要的人联系起来的应用程序。
34. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“You pull out your smartphone or tablet, and tap Too Good To Go, Europe’s most popular app. Approximately 23,000 restaurants and food sellers post their leftover offerings on the app for half their usual cost.”可知，拿出智能手机或平板电脑，点击欧洲最受欢迎的应用程序Too Good To Go，大约有2.3万家餐厅和食品销售商在该应用程序上发布他们的剩菜剩菜，价格只有平时的一半，再根据倒数第四段中的“Indeed, there are many programs serving the same mission around the world. ”可知，世界上还很多这样的应用程序，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是几款将剩余的食物与有需要的人联系起来的应用程序，故B项正确。
35. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Besides, burning wasted food releases harmful carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change.”可知，此外，燃烧浪费的食物会释放有害的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这将加剧气候变化，故A项正确。
36. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“One hour before a restaurant closes, its staff can post leftover meals to the app for up to 80 percent off menu prices.”可知，餐厅关门前一小时，员工可以将剩饭贴到应用程序上，最高可享受菜单价格八折的优惠，而餐厅通常都是在晚上关门的，由此可知，八折优惠在午餐时间是不可用的，故C项正确。
37. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍几款将剩余的食物与有需要的人联系起来的应用程序，属于利用科技解决食物浪费问题的范畴，因此这篇文章会对一项关于应用科技帮助解决剩饭问题的学生研究项目最有用，故A项正确。
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38. D 39. C 40. B 41. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。根据5月15日生效的《北京地铁乘客条例》，除婴儿和病人外，乘客不得在地铁上吃喝。违反者被要求停止后不停止的，将被要求下车。违反者的信用记录也将被记录在案。一些人支持这一规定。然而，也有人质疑这一规则。
38. 细节理解题。根据第一段中According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway.（根据5月15日生效的《北京地铁乘客条例》，除婴儿和病人外，乘客不得在地铁上吃喝。）可知地铁5月15日实施乘客条例是北京。故选D。
39. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句Singapore fines people who eat or drink on the subway up to 500 Singapore dollars, which is RMB 2,417 yuan.（新加坡对在地铁上吃喝的人处以最高500新元(约合2417元人民币)的罚款。）可知在新加坡，违反规定的乘客会受到被罚款2417元的惩罚。故选C。
40. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Commuters and travelers are sometimes too busy to eat. Maybe we could learn from Tokyo, where there are many subway stations equipped with services, allowing passengers to eat and drink,” she said.（“通勤者和旅行者有时忙得吃不下饭。也许我们可以向东京学习，那里有很多地铁站提供服务，允许乘客吃喝。”）可知Chen Yanyan对在地铁上吃喝持深表同情的态度。故选B。
41. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway. Violators who do not stop after being asked to will be asked to get off. The violation will also be recorded in the violators’ credit record.（根据5月15日生效的《北京地铁乘客条例》，除婴儿和病人外，乘客不得在地铁上吃喝。违反者被要求停止后不停止的，将被要求下车。违反者的信用记录也将被记录在案。）以及文章主要内容围绕“禁止在地铁上吃喝”这一条例展开，故选A。
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42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚界的影响。
42. 细节理解题。根据第三段中The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.可知，此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。故选B。
43. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Hill所说的话“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.”(中国模特是向世界各地的女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚运动的面孔，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。)可知，Hill说中国女性正在引领新时尚，故选A。
44. 词义猜测题。根据下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说在设计和销售上击败他们，由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，故选D。
45. 主旨大意题。本文通过Amanda Hill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故选D。
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46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章以一个小故事引出话题——人生不在于完美, 而在于完整。
46. 细节理解题。根据第三段There is wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so.（人生的完整性在于一个人知道如何面对他的缺陷，如何勇敢地摒弃那些不现实的幻想而又不以此为缺憾）可知一个人接受他或她的缺陷，可能是“完整”的例子。故选B。
47. 推理判断题。根据最后一段Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. （人生更像是一个棒球赛季，即使最好的球队也会输掉三分之一的比赛，而最差的球队也有春风得意的时候。我们的目标是赢的比赛比输的多）可知棒球赛季和生活的相似之处在于你有输有赢。故选D。
48. 推理判断题。第二段内容(人生“完美”的人)和第三段内容(人生完整的人)作对比; 最后一段又拿baseball season和life作比较, 因此作者主要是通过作对比和作比较的方法来澄清他的观点的。故选A。
49. 主旨大意题。本文作者通过圆和楔子的小故事感悟出这样的道理:从某种奇怪的意义上讲,当我们失去某些东西的时候,我们反而会更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。因此不管是从故事内容还是从其诠释的人生哲理上，B项“完整的生命”作标题是最佳的。故选B。
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50. D 51. A 52. C 53. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了将电子感应器植入纸张与纸盒中带来的好处。
50. 细节理解题。根据文中的“They’re trying to figure out how to combine the flexibility,low-cost and recyclability of paper with the information-carrying ability of electronics.”可知，他们正试图找出如何将纸张的灵活性、低成本和可回收性与电子产品的信息承载能力相结合。所以将电子器件植入纸张可以结合纸张与电子器件的优点。故选D。
51. 主旨大意题。根据第4至第7段的描述可以发现，“While most electronic applications require patterned conducting（传导的） structures,conductive paper could be used in applications such as energy storage devices sensors,electric heaters and others,according to Torbjork.”托比约克表示，虽然大多数电子应用都需要图形化的导电结构，但导电纸可用于储能装置、传感器、电加热器等应用领域。所以从第四段到第七段讲述了导电纸张的实际使用。故选A。
52. 细节理解题。根据文中的“these big paper companies are looking for added value products.That’s where electronic paper devices could make a difference.”可知，电子纸张装置具有附加值，这就是可以让它发生作用的地方。故选C。
53. 推理判断题。根据文中的““I don' t think it is going to happen.” said Roy Horgan.”可知，我不认为这会发生。由此判断出Roy Horgan对这项技术并不自信。故选C。

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54. C 55. A 56. D 57. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
54. 细节理解题。根据第一段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. 可知，沉默的含义因文化群体而异，交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。所以作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。
55. 细节理解题。根据第二段中Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知，许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来，暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。所以中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考。故选A项。
56. 细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。所以作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。
57. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”可知， 沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是“沉默意味着什么”。故选B 。
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58. D 59. A 60. B 61. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了热带雨林在人们生活中的重要作用，它们能吸收太阳光调节地球上的温度，减少人类得病，还能提供一些药用的植物药材为人类治病，因此，我们要保护热带雨林，不要滥垦滥伐。
58. 细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.可知，雨林对世界环境有很大影响，因为它们可以吸收太阳的热量并调节气候。如果没有森林覆盖，这些地区会向大气中反射更多的热量，使世界其他地方变暖。所以热带雨林可以帮助调节气候，因为它们可以减少太阳热量对地球的影响。故选D项。
59. 词句猜测题。根据第三段People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.可知，人们显然需要从砍伐树木中获得资源，但我们所遭受的损失将远远大于我们所得到的好处。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第三段划线的“this”指的是我们失去的会比得到的多得多。故选A项。
60. 推理判断题。根据最后段More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests可知，我们今天使用的药物有25%以上来自雨林中的植物。我们治愈疾病的最佳机会极有可能出现在世界上正在萎缩的雨林中。所以通过关键词“More than 25％ of the medicines，It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforest”可以判断出，热带雨林有很大的药用潜力，故选B项。
61. 主旨大意题。通读整篇内容可知，短文介绍了热带雨林在人们生活中的重要作用，它们能吸收太阳光调节地球上的温度，减少人类得病，还能提供一些药用的植物药材为人类治病，因此，我们要保护热带雨林，不要滥垦滥伐。所以根据全篇短文的内容来看主要说的是热带雨林和环境，故短文的最佳标题是“热带雨林和环境 ”。故选C项。