05 阅读理解之记叙文-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)

这是一份05 阅读理解之记叙文-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)，共39页。试卷主要包含了记叙文的分类，记叙文的特征，记叙文的命题特点，记叙文的解题技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。
05 阅读理解之记叙文
记叙文的特征及相关试题应对分析
记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。 记叙文是用来描述事物的文章.时间,人物,地点,起因,经过,结果是记叙文的6要素。记叙文写作，是把自己的亲身感受和经历，通过生动、形象的语言，描述给读者。 记叙文包括的范围很广，如记人记事：日记、游记、传说、新闻、通讯、小说等，都属于记叙文的范畴。记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，要表达出作者对于生活的真切感受。 总的说，以记叙和描写为主要表达方式的文章叫记叙文。 但记叙文写作,伴随自然流露的适当议论和抒情。 　
记叙文有广义与狭义之分。 广义的记叙文，包括记叙性的文学作品，如散文、小说等。 狭义的记叙文是指以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，对社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情态变化和发展进行叙述和描写的一类文章，常见的如消息、通讯、特写、报告文学、游记、日记、参观记、回忆录，以及一部分书信等。正因为记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，所以一定要表达出作者对于生活的真切感受。
　　记叙文的特点就是以记叙为主要表达方式，综合其他表达方式；以写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容；通过描述人物、时间及状物、写景来表达一定的中心。
　 写作记叙文要做到一下几点：
　　第一，要交代明白。无论记人记事，还是写景状物，一般都要交代明白时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果，否则文章就不完整。
　　第二，线索清楚。虽然观察的角度、记述的方式可以不同，但每一篇文章都应当有一条关联材料、统贯全篇的中心线索，否则文章就会松散。
　　第三，人称要一致。无论用第一人称“我”记述，还是用第三人称“他”记述，都要通篇一贯，一般不宜随意转换，否则就容易造成混乱。
　　第四，时间，地点，人物，起因，经过，结果。
一、记叙文的分类
　　侧重写人的记叙文，以人物的外貌、语言、动作、心理描写为主。
　　侧重记事的记叙文，以叙述事情的发生、发展、经过和结果为重点。
　　侧重绘景的记叙文，以描绘景物、寄托情怀为主。
侧重状物的记叙文，以状物为主，借象征抒怀。
二、记叙文的特征
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。
1. 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 动词的时态
在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3. 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。
4. 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5. 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：
I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I said, quite released.
三、记叙文的命题特点（以阅读理解为例）
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
记叙文常见的命题类型如下：
1.主旨大意题
文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：
What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?
The main idea of the passage is…
The passage is mainly about_____.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
The best title for the passage is/ might be____.
The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____.
做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
2.细节理解题
这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：
Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage?
Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage, what/where/
Which/who/why/when/how…?
All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_________.
How does the author/writer feel about___?
3.词义／语义判断题
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：
According to the author, the underlined word”…” means____.
From the passage, we can infer that the word”…”is___.
“…” can be best replaced by___.
What does the author probably mean by”…”?
By”…”, the author means that___
做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。
4.推断题
以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：
It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____.
From the text we know that ______.
　The passage implies that ______.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______.
解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。
5. 观点态度题
回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。
常见的态度词语有:positive/support/approval(赞同的/optimisticcritical/negative/tolerant/disappointed/pessimistic(悲观的) /indifferent(冷淡的)/doubtfulNeutral(中立的）/objective(客观的）
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:
What’s the author’s/writer’s attitude to…?
The author thinks/suggests/believes that___.
How does the author feel about…?
Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?
Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?
四、记叙文的解题技巧
记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H”。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。
特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。 概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。 抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。
要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
1.关注细节
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
【典例示例】
Compassion is a desire within us to help others．With effort, we can translate compassion into action．An experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly．These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness．But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson．This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuits．He said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards．He asked if we could let him have the food on trust．He promised to repay me the next day．
    I couldn’t help staring at him．I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way．I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world．I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so．I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job．
    Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up．If anything, he looked more pitiable．“Charge it to me,” was all he said．
    What I had been feeling was pity．Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action．I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either．Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.
解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on trust and promised to repay the next day.---- I told him the store rules didn’t allow me to do so.---- Another man wanted me to charge the food to him.----I paid for the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。
名校资源学练
1
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模拟预测）I never imagined that someone telling me I looked skinny would anger me. And yet, I was made very angry when a colleague pinched (捏) my waist and screamed, “Rosa, you’ve lost weight. You look great!” The truth is that I was tired and not taking care of myself. I decided to start a proper weight-loss program.
The first to go would be road rage (路怒). I am in far less control of this weight than any other. Every time something gets in the way, I fly off the handle. I need to lose the road rage! No, no more speed. Instead, I now repeat the words, “I am not in a hurry.” This year, I will drive safely, allowing the “stupid” to happen all around me. From that, I hope to gain patience.
Next is guilt. When guilt drives my conscience to do better, it’s functional. But when it presents itself as an internal dialogue that goes nowhere, it’s useless. This year, I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house, for spending time away from my children to be with friends, for not attending every party because I’d rather be at home, or for watching TV when I should be reading. My image and performance are not at the back of anyone else’s mind but my own. From this, I hope to gain freedom to be myself.
The last is fear. Fear has held me back. Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer. Fear of embarrassment has prevented me from giving an opinion. Fear of being rejected has stopped me from aiming higher in my life. Fear of regret has led me into situations that made me uncomfortable. If I can lose any one of these fears, I stand to gain experience.
So, if I can lose the rage, shake off some guilt, and take fear off my plate, I stand to gain patience, freedom, and experience. Pound for pound I have not lost a thing but I will be much lighter. Next time, I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of pinching part of me that has nothing to do with how great I really look.
1. What does the underlined part “fly off the handle” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Pick up speed. B. Drive off.
C. Desert the car. D. Lose control of anger.
2. What has made the author feel guilty before?
A. Attending too many parties.
B. Reading much with her children.
C. Wasting her time in watching TV.
D. Spending little time with her friends.
3. How has fear affected the author?
A. It has prevented her achieving her goals.
B. It has made situations complicated for her.
C. It has stopped her furthering her education.
D. It has made it difficult for her to make friends.
4. Which of the following may be the best title?
A. Stop Body Shaming B. Lighten You Mind
C. Watch Your Weight D. Avoid Body Contact
2
（2023·四川·棠湖中学校考模拟预测）TAMPA, Fla,—At USF, 21-year-old Alexander Mercier of Odessa, majored in mathematics and microbiology, which leads him to start important research that may make him the school’s first Rhodes Scholar.
“I would say I am stubborn,” explained Mercier, who could hear as early as Saturday if he gets the honor. He says the honor is due to more than just brains. Instead, it was determination that made him an accomplished pianist. He says his biggest natural talent was drawing and he also has a love of art. But it was math that attracted him and he wouldn’t let go. He was studying how math may help control the spread of diseases.
“I would sleep on the couch next to the computer,” he said. “I saw a gap in epidemiological (流行病学的) research in the study of how diseases spread. I didn’t know at the time that it would become one of the most important topics in the world.”
While his work is timely and important, there’s lots of competition. Eleven other finalists from this region of the country are also vying for the honor. They attend schools like MIT, Stanford and the University of Chicago.
Mercier owes it to his school that he can have as good a chance as any of the others and he feels that USF has prepared him well. If he doesn’t win the honor and get to study expense-free at Oxford, he says he’ll have many options. “I will continue to do the work that I enjoy and that I think will benefit people,” he said.
Some are surprised that USF hasn’t had a previous Rhodes Scholar. However, many schools haven’t had one. Only 32 are selected each year from across the nation. USF has only been in existence since 1956. By contrast, the first classes at Oxford were held in 1096.
5. Why did Mercier choose to major in mathematics and microbiology?
A. He saw its bright future. B. He has a passion for math.
C. He wants to win the honor. D. He is talented in this field.
6. Which expression can best replace the underlined phrase “vying for”?
A. Hunting for. B. Applying for.
C. Allowing for. D. Competing for.
7. What can we infer about Mercier?
A. He will study art at Oxford. B. He tries to become a pianist.
C. He is grateful to his school. D. He studies how diseases exist.
8. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. A senior could be USF’s first Rhodes Scholar.
B. 32 students are selected for Rhodes Scholar.
C. Math may help control the spread of diseases.
D. A senior found the most vital topics in the world.
3
（2023·四川成都·川大附中校考模拟预测）My mother was never truly happy in Connecticut finding the winter bitter cold and the culture provincial (偏狭的). Though she grew up in New Jersey, she moved to San Francisco in her early twenties, met and married my dad out there. After I was born, they decided to return east, closer to their own parents. But she never let go of her love for the Bay Area.
California was always part of the conversation when I was a kid. I ate meals off a map-of-the-world placemat (餐垫), and Mom taught me to identify San Francisco before I learned where Hartford was. She told us stories of perfection on a single city, fantasizing about retiring out west. My dad would play along, but his heart wasn’t in the same place.
While my mother’s status in the nonprofit world advanced, her desire to move back to her favorite place grew strong. She applied for jobs in the Bay, underwent bicoastal Skype screenings, even traveled out for a couple of interviews on a whim (心血来潮). Sometimes her cover letters disappeared, other times she made it down to the final two candidates. With each rejection, she promised to make her next job application even stronger.
This past May, I relocated from San Francisco to New York for a job. A few weeks later, Mom called me. Her pursuit had finally paid off. She’s been offered a vice president position at a public health nonprofit in Oakland. A few weeks later, she packed up her baggage and left Connecticut for good.
Our lives are more semblable than ever these days. We’re both discovering our new homes, making friends. We’re looking for a good yoga studio to join, reading the same books and chatting about the plots by text message. I emailed her photos from my trip to Burning Man and she replied with stories about her new coworkers who go every year. There’s even time for the occasional dating disaster.
Perhaps that’s the paradox (悖论) of growing older. Things will always change, and they can change immediately—my mother is proof. But an individual’s own power to create change always stays the same. Everything can change, and therefore nothing ever really changes.
Now when I’m out west for a visit, Mom meets me at a station with her big bag. We stop by the Grand Lake farmers market, picking out the freshest seasonal ingredients, before hiking up the hill to her new apartment. One of these days, I’ll actually cook her dinner.
9. What can we know about the author’s mother?
A. She always likes to struggle on her own. B. Nothing can stop her from reaching her goal.
C. She owns a public health nonprofit company. D. She takes everything of her daughter on herself.
10. What does the underlined word “semblable” mean?
A. Changeable. B. Comfortable. C. Similar. D. Creative.
11. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The relationship between the author and her mother is very good.
B. The author would not like to let her mother work on.
C. The author and her mother live in the same city at present.
D. The author would not like to change her life situation.
12. In the last paragraph, the author mainly wants to tell the readers that ________.
A. her family’s life always change because of her mother
B. the mother-daughter feelings will stay the same forever
C. she has grown up during her family’s constant moves
D. her mother always wants to change her current situations
4
（2023·河南开封·统考三模）It was 1994, and I was a 19-year-old student in my third year at Western University in London, Ontario. I had signed up for a course in the Department of English taught by one Donald S. Hair.
A few weeks into the class, the professor administered our first test. I didn't think I had anything to worry about—until he handed my exam back the following week with a 67 written on it in red ink.
Sixty-seven! I'd never received such a low mark. I was dependent on a scholarship, and any grade below 80 put my future in jeopardy. My seatmate's annoyed expression suggested her mark had been painful too. We angered silently: Professor Hair was an old weirdo (怪人)! How dare he ruin our GPAs? What was the old boy's problem, anyway?
But the real problem was this: He was right. I knew it as soon as I'd cooled off and taken the time to digest his comments. My writing was careless, my understanding of key concepts shallow. Like many of my partners, I was used to earning top grades. Now, for the first time, a teacher had introduced an uncomfortable question. Were we actually “earning” them?
The next day, I went to his office. With burning cheeks, I told him I knew I’d butchered the exam. To my childish surprise, he wasn’t a “weirdo” in the least. He was funny, warm and uncommonly patient. He assured me if I worked hard, I'd achieve my potential in the course, and he’d be available to help me.
I went away, read and read some more. The more I read, the more interesting his classes became, and soon, his complex, absorbing lectures were the highlight of my week. I spared no effort in that course. The grade I earned in his class was the lowest I’d received that year. But I had earned that grade. Nearly 30 years later, I'm still proud of that.
13. What does the underlined word “jeopardy” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Advance. B. Demand. C. Trouble. D. Conclusion.
14. Why does the author mention the seatmate in the text?
A. To explain the test was too difficult.
B. To prove the professor's grading had problems.
C. To suggest she didn't work hard.
D. To show she was unfriendly in class.
15. How does the author feel about the professor in the end?
A. Disgusted. B. Cautious. C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.
16. What can be the best title for the text?
A. You have to earn a grade instead of “get” it B. Be confident and not afraid of failure
C. You should treasure a good teacher D. Never rely on scholarships forever
5
（2023·河北·校联考三模）In casual conversations, there is a seemingly simple question I can never answer without hesitating — “Where are you from?”
I could say I am from Thailand, where I was born. Or I am from Mexico, where I spent the majority of my childhood. Or I am from the US, whose language is rooted into my life. In my mind, none of these answers are satisfying enough. After all, to be from somewhere carries expectations of understanding “your” culture and “your” home.
I feel envious whenever my friends say they’re “going home” for school breaks. As a student who frequently moves, I have never seen my living space as “home”, but “shelter”, another location to stay in before I unavoidably move again.
So, does this mean I do not have, and will never have, a home? I resign myself to living with this sense of sadness, until very recently.
In my dorm, inside my drawer is a specially designed white bath towel that I have not used since I brought it with me from my parents’ house. One day, I took it out, but stopped after smelling the soft, sweet laundry detergent (洗衣粉), the one my parents used back in Thailand. I felt my eyes water as that random smell brought my mixed emotions to the surface: sadness and nostalgia, a strong feeling of missing home. I still avoid using that towel until now because I don’t want to replace the smell of nostalgia with my newly-bought detergent.
Sadly, even with this new discovery, I will still struggle when answering where I am from, and I will always feel a sense of loss in not having a physical home to “go back to”. Yet, in random moments, when a smell catches me off guard (让我猝不及防) with the memories it brings, I like to believe that the things I feel then are things people feel when they are home. And if these moments can make me smile, even with a sense of loss, what better home can I ask for?
17. Why is the author unable to see his living space as “home”?
A. His living places often change. B. He is unsatisfied with the place.
C. His expectations of “home” are high. D. He can’t understand the culture there.
18. Why does the author treasure that towel?
A. It was made in his hometown. B. It is a present from his parents.
C. Its smell awakened his memories. D. Its design wins his preference.
19. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A. He no longer feels a sense of loss.
B. He feels a physical home is unnecessary.
C. He has got the answer to “Where are you from?”
D. He has found a sense of home in some moments.
20. What can be the best title of the text?
A. A Man’s Home Is His Castle B. There Is No Place Like Home
C. The Smell Brings Me Home D. The Emotion Connects Me With Home
6
（2023春·河南开封·高三统考阶段练习）Jim Glaub and Dylan Parker had just been handed the keys to their new Manhattan apartment on 22nd Street when the outgoing tenant (房客) said something curious: “Just so you know, there’s this thing where letters addressed to Santa come to the apartment.” The previous tenants had received the mail too. It had been coming for years, and no one knows why. “But it’s not that big a deal.”
Glaub and Parker settled into their new home, and for the first two years only a few letters trickled (缓慢增加) in from kids or parents asking “Santa” for gifts: toys, coals, dolls. Then in the months before Christmas 2010, they were deluged. Every day, they’d open their mailbox to find it full of letters to Santa. They responded to as many as they could, writing notes, even buying gifts. But they could only do so much.
Glaub, of course, is not Santa. He runs a Broadway marketing company. But one night, when he and Parker threw a Christmas party, a solution appeared. Guests noticed the hundreds of letters and asked about them.
“I told them the story,” Glaub says. His guests were interested. “A lot of people were like, ‘I’ll take a letter. I’ll fulfill it.” That’s when Glaub and Parker realized they didn’t have to fulfill all these letters themselves. “People want to help.” And so was born Miracle on 22nd Street, a community-based volunteer organization that responds to children’s letters to Santa with season’s greetings and gifts for kids.
To spread the word, they started a website, . Working with other nonprofits that help those in need, they invited families from around the country to go online and request gifts and Christmas toys for children.
Glaub no longer think about why the letters come to the apartment. “It’s part of Christmas for me,” he says. “It’s the same for the kids and families. They look forward to it. It wouldn’t be Christmas without it.”
21. Why did Glaub and Parker receive so many letters during Christmas?
A. They wanted to help the kids.
B. They were rich enough to afford the gifts.
C. The previous tenant instructed them to.
D. It’s a long-lasting tradition with unknowing reasons.
22. What does the underlined word “deluged” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Frightened. B. Flooded. C. Disappointed. D. Praised.
23. How did Glaub and Parker respond to the letters?
A. They held a party to seek help from guests.
B. They spread the news by word of mouth.
C. They pooled the resources of the community.
D. They set a company to buy gifts for the need.
24. Which is a suitable title for the text?
A. Christmas Gifts from Santa B. A Real-life Version of Santa
C. Receiving Mysterious Letters D. The Unnoticed Act of Kindness
7
（2023·江苏泰州·统考模拟预测）At age 23, Chad’s life was just beginning. But one night, a drunk driver crashed into his motorcycle and his leg was severely injured. To save the leg, Chad went through operation after operation, but in vain. When the doctor announced the leg had to come off, Chad sank into a bitter desperation. How would he function with only one leg? Would he have the family he had always dreamed of? And how would he ever pay off the hospital bills?
Nothing we did eased his deep frustration. One night, I brought Gene, the husband of my colleague, to Chad’s hospital room. Gene joked with Chad at once, telling him he was “on his last leg”. Chad exploded, “How can you talk like that when they’re going to cut off my leg?” Gene just bent over, rolled up his trousers and revealed his own prosthesis (假肢). I left them alone.
When I returned an hour later, the light had come back into Chad’s eyes. “Gene said that people who give to others always get back more than they give. He said I should not worry about my future and the most important thing was never to give up.”
Four months later, Chad was back at work. He remembered Gene’s words. He learned to ride a bicycle with his fake leg, swam one-legged and practiced running slow. However, the hardest problem was how he would ever get back on his “foot” financially. The hospital bills would take him thirty years to pay.
His doctor often called to ask him to rush to the hospital and offer comfort to an injury victim. No matter how tired Chad was, no matter when he was called, he would drop everything to help. One day, he received a different call. “Chad,” the doctor began, “I am calling to tell you that a stranger has just paid all your medical bills.”
Gene was right. People who give freely to others get back more than they give.
25. What can we learn about Chad after the accident?
A. He felt concerned about his future. B. He left the hospital in desperation.
C. He regretted riding the motorcycle. D. He refused to receive the treatment.
26. How did Gene manage to cheer Chad?
A. He tended Chad carefully and lovingly.
B. He offered some funny words of comfort.
C. He shared a similar story of his own with Chad.
D. He proved to be capable of swimming one-legged.
27. Which of the following best describes Chad?
A. Determined and helpful. B. Caring and humorous.
C. Confident and cooperative. D. Ambitious and warmhearted.
28. What message does the author want to convey in the text?
A. Love breaks down barriers. B. Kindness is always rewarded.
C. A good medicine tastes bitter. D. He who laughs last laughs best.
8
（2023·贵州·校联考模拟预测）Alena Analeigh Wicker lad an incredibly impressive list of accomplishments. She studied biological sciences at two separate universities. She is a former NASA intern and went to a medical school. At the young age of 13, she was well on her way to achieving her dreams and ambitions. She also supplied support to other young girls like her, who were interested in science and technology, and hoped that her story would serve as a source of inspiration.
Alena’s mother, McQuarter, claimed that her daughter had always been exceptional and superior. She offered to be educated at home, So McQuarter homeschooled Alena during elementary school. Even after Alena returned to school in the fifth grade, she continued studying high school subjects based on a course carefully designed by her mother.
“I was bored,” Alena explains. “The high school work was so easy for me that I ended up graduating from high school when I was 12. I love school; I love learning; I love reading. I have a desire to learn, and that has just always been me.”
After graduation, Alena went to two separate universities, earning degrees in biological sciences from both Arizona State University and Oakwood University. And while studying for the accelerated degrees, Alena started the Brown STEM Girl Foundation, in honor of Katherine Johnson, who had been a pioneering African-American mathematician at NASA. The Foundation’s target is to engage and educate girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).
Alena has promoted her foundation online. “It feels amazing to be able to create a path for girls that look like me.” Alena shares her tips. She says, “It doesn’t matter how old you are. You can do it. Don’t let anybody tell you no. I would say to any little girl out there that’s reading this: Never give up on yourself and never let anyone tell you that you can’t do something.”
29. What do we know about McQuarter?
A. She took great pride in Alena.
B. She advised Alena to study at home.
C. She ensured Alena studied at school until 12.
D. She forced Alena to learn high school subjects.
30. What is the goal of the Brown STEM Girl Foundation?
A. To educate girls to go to college.
B. To expose girls to the scientific field.
C. To promote the development of science.
D. To inspire girls to become members of NASA.
31. Why does the author mention Alena’s words in the last paragraph?
A. To offer an apology. B. To make a request.
C. To make a suggestion. D. To offer an invitation.
32. Which words can best describe Alena?
A. Honest and daring. B. Modest and generous.
C. Talented and good-looking. D. Promising and caring.
9
（2023·全国·高三专题练习） Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
33. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
34. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day?
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
35. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
36. What trend in DIY does the research show?
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
10
（2023·甘肃酒泉·统考三模）At the age of sixteen, I joined a volunteer group with my dad. I went on my first volunteer project in West Virginia. On the night we arrived, we discovered that “our family” was living in a trailer (拖车) that was in poor condition. A crew had been working on it for two weeks, but every time they finished one problem, another surfaced.
We decided the only reasonable solution was to build a new house — something unusual but necessary under these circumstances. The family was overjoyed with their new house that was twenty by thirty feet with three bedrooms, a bath and a kitchen.
On Tuesday of that week, while we ate lunch together, I asked the family’s three boys, Josh, Eric and Ryan, “What do you want for your new room?” Expecting toys and other gadgets that children usually ask for, we were surprised when Josh responded, “I just want a bed.”
The boys had never slept in a bed! They were accustomed to plastic mats. That night we had a meeting and decided that beds would be the perfect gift. On Thursday night, a few adults in our group drove to the nearest city and bought beds and new bedding.
When we saw the delivery truck coming, we told the family about the surprise. We could hardly contain ourselves. It was like watching excited children on Christmas morning.
That afternoon, as we fitted the frames of the beds together, Eric ran into the house to watch us. Too dirty to enter his room, he observed with wide-eyed enthusiasm from the doorway.
As my father slipped a pillowcase (枕套) onto one of the pillows, Eric asked, “What is that?” “A pillow,” he replied. “What do you do with it?” Eric continued to ask. “When you go to sleep, you put your head on it,” I answered softly. Tears came to our eyes as he handed Eric the pillow. “Oh... that’s soft,” he said, hugging it tightly.
Now, when my sister or I start to ask for something that seems urgent, my dad gently asks, “Do you have a pillow?” We know exactly what he means.
37. Why did the writer’s volunteer group decide to build a new house for the poor family?
A. The trailer was too small to hold such a large family.
B. Some strangers had donated some money to the family.
C. The trailer was in such poor condition that it couldn’t be fixed up.
D. The crew that had been working on it for two weeks asked them to do so.
38. How did the writer feel when Josh responded, “I just want a bed.”?
A. Amazed. B. Thrilled. C. Confused. D. Embarrassed.
39. What can we infer from the father’s words at the end of the story?
A. What he will buy is not what they want but a pillow.
B. His children should do more volunteer work for the poor.
C. His children should not waste money on cheap things.
D. What they ask for may not be necessary.
40. What do we know about Eric?
A. He was accustomed to sleeping with a pillow under his head.
B. He didn’t enter the room when he asked the questions.
C. He slipped a pillowcase onto one of the pillows.
D. He begged the volunteer group to buy some pillows.
11
（2023春·广东惠州·高三统考期末）Money Daniels spends several hours every week cleaning up cans and bottles in the rivers near his home with other teen environmentalists in Chattanooga, TN. Together, they have collected more than 1 ton of aluminum cans, nearly 1,000 cans a week for a year. In January, he co-founded a club called the Cleanup Kids with his best friend. The project’s mission: to encourage kids to pick up 1 million pounds of trash across the globe before the end of the year.
Daniels says he first developed a passion for wildlife when he was 3. “As far back as I can remember, I’ve always loved animals,” Daniels says. Marine life especially interests him. When he began discovering trash on walks along the river with his family, he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures.
His mission now is saving the earth’s rivers, which he points out are even more polluted than the world’s oceans. “Eighty percent of the ocean’s trash comes from rivers,” he says. In 2019, he adopted the name Conservation Kid on Instagram, and started posting about things like how something as simple as a deserted face mask can entangle (缠住), choke, and kill turtles, birds, and fish. Mask waste has increased an estimated 9,000% since the pandemic(疫情) began.
Although he mostly speaks to other teens, Daniels has found that adults are often persuaded by his argument that cleaning up, recycling, and ridding plastic ought to be a selfish act for humanity: when plastics break down, they can wind up in our drinking water. He has met with the mayor of his city, and his experiences speaking with influential grownups has convinced him that adults can change their habits.
But, in truth, the burden to save the planet has landed on children like him. “Kids may be a small percent of the population, but we’re 100% of the future,” he says. “And we can save the world.”
41. What led to the birth of Daniel’s project?
A. The inspiration from his best friend.
B. The goal to make a role model for kids.
C. The concern for the ocean life.
D. The idea of other teen environmentalists.
42. Which can be inferred from paragraph 3?
A. The ocean’s trash has grown rapidly.
B. The river pollution requires less attention.
C. Many animals are infected in the pandemic.
D. River waste contributes most to the ocean’s trash.
43. Which of the following can best describe Money Daniels?
A. Optimistic and creative.
B. Caring and responsible.
C. Considerate and generous.
D. Courageous and devoted.
44. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Grownups’selfish behaviors for humanity.
B. A teenager’s contributions to saving the waters.
C. A youngster’s responsibility to protect the world.
D. Teen environmentalists’ efforts to clean the oceans.
12
（2023·吉林长春·东北师大附中校考模拟预测）“Mom!” a girl calls out in a busy store. I turn toward it, so do several other women. It doesn’t matter that I’m in the store alone or that my two daughters are much older than this helpless little voice. When I hear “Mom!” I am ready for action and rescue.
Mom is defined in the dictionary as a female parent. But through the years my children have used the word to mean much more.
Jessica, at 7, screams “Mo-hom” in an accusing tone, for she can’t find a matching sock.
For Sarah, at 13, on a morning when she’s already late for school, “Mom!” means “I am desperate for new clothes. I can’t believe I’ve existed in these rags.”
“Mom?” Sarah is almost 17 and rarely knocks on my door in the morning anymore. Yet I recognize the vulnerability in her voice.
“Do you want some help?” I ask her, sleep-blurred.
She nods, and then bursts into tears. “John’s mad at me, and I don’t know why. He won’t talk tome. What should I do?”
I put my arm around her. I want to protect my child from the cruel beasts who make her weep so, but I’ve got a hot potato of my own just now. I feel the disability of being responsible for myself and for my daughters. I talk to my friends and they empathize(共情). I talk to my brother and he solves problems. I need more.
So I dial the familiar number I once called from college.
“Hello?” The voice is crackly, uncertain. It has lived through so much already that it’s cautious about another blow.
“Mom?” I say.
“Honey, are you all right?” my mother asks.
Somehow, that is everything I want to hear.
45. What does the underlined word “vulnerability” mean in paragraph 5?
A. Tension. B. Delight. C. Weakness. D. Curiosity.
46. Why can’t the writer help her daughter this time?
A. She has no clue who John is. B. Her work takes all her attention.
C. She is too mentally exhausted. D. She is too sleepy to stay focused.
47. What can best describe the writer?
A. Ambitious and faithful. B. Enthusiastic and humorous.
C. Brave and independent. D. Sensitive and responsible.
48. What can we learn from the text?
A. The mother’s mind is the child’s classroom.
B. A mother always cares for the youngest child.
C. The world’s all glory and pride all come from the mother.
D. The most beautiful voice in the world is the call of mother.
13
（2023·四川巴中·统考一模）French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in literature on Oct 6. She is the first French female to win the prize. In the words of the Nobel committee, Ernaux was given the award “for the courage and amazing insight” of her writing.
Having spent over five decades as a writer, the 82-year-old winner has published more than 20 books to her name, including Cleaned Out (1974), Shame (1997) and A Girl’s Story(2016).
Rather than consider herself a writer of fiction, Ernaux has used the term “an ethnologist (民族学家) of herself” to describe herself.
Born in 1940 in a rural village in Normandy, France, Ernaux grew up in a working-class environment as her parents ran a combined grocery store and cafe. She worked as a teacher before becoming a full-time writer. Her “upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood” inspire many of her works. For example, the book Shame explores the theme of childhood trauma (创伤) while A Girl’s Story follows a young woman’s coming of age in the 1950s.
Though the matters Ernaux describes in her books are serious and even sometimes heavy, they are always written in plain language. Ernaux described her style as “flat writing” through which she aims to tell her stories objectively, “unshaped by florid (过多修饰的) description or overwhelming emotions,” noted Fox News.
“She writes about things that no one else writes about, for instance her jealousy, her experiences as an abandoned lover and so forth. I mean, really hard experiences, “ Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said after the award announcement in Stockholm. He added, “She gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are short books, but they are really moving.”
49. What can we learn about Annie Ernaux from the text?
A. She was awarded for the bravery and observations shown in her writing.
B. The Nobel committee described her as “an ethnologist of herself”.
C. She is the first French person to win the Nobel Prize.
D. She started working as a full-time writer in 1974.
50. Where did she get inspiration for her works?
A. Her students’ lives.
B. Her personal experiences.
C. The stories of guests to her cafe.
D. The history of her hometown.
51. Which of the following best describes Ernaux’s writing style?
A. Plain and relaxing.
B. Descriptive and serious.
C. Objective and easy to understand.
D. Emotional and touching.
52. Why is Annie Ernaux different from other writers, according to Anders Olsson?
A. She suffered a lot of hardships.
B. Her works are short and moving.
C. Her works are about unexplored subjects.
D. She shares painful feelings through her writing.
14
（2023·四川巴中·统考一模）When I was about 5 years old, the Santa Claus Parade came to town and passed within a block of our house. On that morning, my mother dressed me up and sent me out in the street with my 11-year-old sister as temporary guardian.
I was fascinated by the crowd. Vendors (小贩) sold popcorn, candy apples and hot chestnuts. Through the eyes of a child, the parade was larger than life with giant floats, marching bands, snowmen, elves and magical storybook creatures that captured my imagination.
I was attracted by the costumed children sitting on the floats-always waving to the crowd. Whoever they were, I knew I wanted to be one of them. I wanted to be in the parade. I wanted to wave as the entire city lined the streets to see me. This quickly became my ultimate fantasy in the following few years.
But I was also a realist. We were a family of modest means. There was no way my family could be able to find an entry point into the parade.
About 20 years later, I was able to see the parade again through my children’s eyes. To me, the parade was as magnificent as ever. I still loved the floats, but now I also enjoyed watching the costumed marchers and the bands.
I realized that I still wanted to be in it. Happily, I discovered the parade is always looking for volunteers. My daughter signed up to sit on a float as an Ice Princess and I was given the role of marshal(典礼官).
The job was pretty easy. Our primary focus was keeping children safe. I wasn’t supposed to interact with the crowd but I just couldn’t stop myself from watching so many adoring onlookers as I walked past. Some kids wanted to shake my hand. Others thrust their letters to Santa at me, which I collected and deposited in a mailbox at the end of the parade. It wvas a heady experience.
I returned to volunteer every year thereafter. My daughter graduated from a float kid to a marcher and eventually dropped out of the parade. But I continued. I was a marshal for 21 years, and I will keep coming back.
53. What was the author’s ultimate fantasy when she was a child?
A. Buying snacks from the vendors.
B. Waving at the crowd from the floats.
C. Dressing up as a magical creature.
D. Joining in the marching bands.
54. Which of the following best explains “means” underlined in Paragraph 4?
A. income
B. way
C. method
D. approach
55. What has been the author’s main job in the parade for the past 21 years?
A. Collecting children’s letters to Santa.
B. Keeping the floats moving steadily.
C. Interacting wvith the crowd.
D. Ensuring the safety of kids.
56. What is the text mainly about?
A. the Santa Claus parade
B. Celebrating Christmas through the years
C. Ways to celebrate Christmas
D. A sweet memory
15
（2023·四川·校联考模拟预测）Frane Selak, a music teacher in Croatia, was born in 1929. He is probably the unluckiest and luckiest man in the world, whose story is so incredible that it will leave you speechless.
The first time he was on the verge of death was on a cold January day in 1962, when he was traveling by train to Dubrovnik. The train suddenly derailed in a frozen river, killing 17 passengers. He managed to escape with only a broken arm, a few scratches, and bruises. A year later, he was flying from Zagreb to Rijeka, when suddenly a door came off and the teacher flew out of the plane. We don’t usually hear much about survivors when it comes to plane crashes, as evidenced by the 19 people who lost their lives in the crash. With one exception — Frane Selak, who was lucky enough to land on a haystack and woke up a few days later in hospital with minor injuries.
The series of unfortunate events did not stop here. Or are they fortunate? In 1966, Frane Selak was traveling in a bus that crashed and fell into a river. There were four casualties, but Selak cheated death again. In 1970, Selak was driving when suddenly his car caught fire. He was lucky to get out of the car just before it exploded. Three years later, another of Selak’ scars caught fire. He lived moments of horror, caught fire, and lost almost all his hair, but again he survived without major injuries.
In 1995 he was in Zagreb and one day he was hit by a bus, but miraculously survived and was left with only a few injuries. The following year, Frane Selak drove into a parapet to avoid a truck coming from the opposite direction. He was thrown out of the car and left hanging from a tree, only to see his car explode 100 meters below.
To make the picture complete and the character’s luck unquestionable, in 2003, Selak won 1 million dollars in the Croatian lottery. In 2010, the 81-year-old retiree decided that “money can’t buy happiness”, and decided to live a modest life with his fifth wife.
Frane Selak is now world-famous for escaping death.
57. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to survive when you are in a traffic accident.
B. Courage is a weapon against death.
C. A man with fabulous good luck.
D. Plane crashes can be deadly.
58. How many times has Frane Selak escaped death?
A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 9.
59. What can we learn about Frane Selak?
A. He wanted a peaceful retirement.
B. He was involved in three plane crashes.
C. He was proud of his fortunate experiences.
D. He suffered serious injuries all over his body in 1973.
60. Which of the following events highlights Frane Selak’s dramatic story?
A. He fled just before the car exploded in 1970.
B. He was the only survivor of a plane crash in 1963.
C. He was hit by a bus but almost uninjured in 1995.
D. He won 1,000,000 dollars in the Croatian lottery in 2003.

参考答案
1
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了减肥而克服了自己的三样缺点。
1. 短语猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句话“The first to go would be road rage (路怒). I am in far less control of this weight than any other.(首当其冲的是路怒症。我对这个重量的控制比其他任何人都要小得多)”可知，作者开车时很难控制情绪。所以每次开车遇到东西挡道，作者就会很生气。画线部分的意思为“变得非常生气”。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句话“This year, I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house... or for watching TV when I should be reading.(今年，我想不再为没有保持一个更干净的房子而感到内疚……或者在我该读书的时候看电视)”可知，今年作者想要停止感到愧疚，其中一项就是停止该阅读的时候看了电视而感到内疚的想法。所以之前在读书的时候浪费时间看电视会让作者内疚。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句话“Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer.(对失败的恐惧使我无法成为一名作家)”以及第五句话“Fear of being rejected has stopped me from aiming higher in my life.(对被拒绝的恐惧使我无法实现更高的人生目标)”可知，对失败的恐惧阻止作者成为一个作家，对被拒绝的恐惧阻止她树立更高远的目标。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。通过文章内容和结构可知，作者的“a proper weight-loss program”包含三个任务，即“lose the rage, shake off some guilt, and take fear off my plate(消除愤怒，甩掉愧疚感，拿走恐惧)”来“gain patience, freedom, and experience(收获耐心、自由和经验)”。这里 weight loss 的实质指的是内心的减负，消除负面情绪，收获更棒更幸福的人生。故选B。
2
5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在USF大学，21岁的亚历山大•梅塞尔来自敖德萨，主修数学和微生物学，这使他开始了重要的研究，这可能使他成为该校的第一位罗兹奖学金获得者。
5. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But it was math that attracted him and he wouldn't let go. He was studying how math may help control the spread of diseases.（但吸引他的是数学，他不肯放手。他正在研究数学如何帮助控制疾病的传播。）”可知，梅塞尔选择主修数学和微生物学，因为他热爱数学。故选B。
6. 猜测词义题。根据文章第四段“While his work is timely and important，there's lots of competition.Eleven other finalists from this region of the country are also  vying for the honor.They attend schools like MIT,Stanford and the University of Chicago.（虽然他的工作是及时和重要的，但有很多竞争。来自该地区的其他11名决赛选手也在争夺这一荣誉。他们就读于麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学和芝加哥大学。）”可知，vying for的意思是“争夺”。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“If he doesn't win the honor and get to study expense-free at Oxford, he says he'll have many options.‘I will continue to do the work that I enjoy and that I think will benefit people,’ he said.（他说，如果他不能赢得荣誉，在牛津大学免费学习，他会有很多选择。“我将继续做我喜欢的工作，我认为这将有益于人们，”他说。）”可知，他感激他的学校。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“At USF，21-year-old Alexander Mercier of Odessa，majored in mathematics and microbiology，which leads him to start important research that may make him the school's first Rhodes Scholar.（在USF大学，21岁的亚历山大•梅塞尔来自敖德萨，主修数学和微生物学，这使他开始了重要的研究，这可能使他成为该校的第一位罗兹奖学金获得者。）”可知，本文的最佳标题是A senior could be USF's first Rhodes Scholar.（一位高年级学生可能成为USF第一位罗兹奖学金获得者）。故选A。
3
9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲是一个有着坚定意志力的人，总是努力去实现自己的目标，最终实现了去加利福尼亚定居的梦想。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“With each rejection, she promised to make her next job application even stronger.(每次被拒绝后，她都承诺会让自己的下一份工作申请更加有力。)”和第四段“Her pursuit had finally paid off. She’s been offered a vice president position at a public health nonprofit in Oakland.(她的追求终于得到了回报。奥克兰一家公共卫生非营利组织向她提供了一个副总裁的职位。)”可知，作者的母亲是一个意志坚定的人，不达目标决不放弃，没有什么能阻止她实现自己的目标。故选B项。
10. 词句猜测题。根据划线词的下文“We’re both discovering our new homes, making friends. We’re looking for a good yoga studio to join, reading the same books and chatting about the plots by text message. I emailed her photos from my trip to Burning Man and she replied with stories about her new coworkers who go every year.(我们都在寻找新家，结交新朋友。我们在找一个好的瑜伽馆，一起读同样的书，通过短信聊故事情节。我给她发了我去火人节旅行的照片，她回复了她每年都去的新同事的故事。)”可知，作者的生活和作者妈妈的生活有很多相似的地方。由此推断，划线单词的词义和“相似”相近。故选C项。
11. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“I emailed her photos from my trip to Burning Man and she replied with stories about her new coworkers who go every year.(我给她发了我去火人节旅行的照片，她回复了她每年都去的新同事的故事。)”和最后一段“Now when I’m out west for a visit, Mom meets me at a station with her big bag. We stop by the Grand Lake farmers market, picking out the freshest seasonal ingredients, before hiking up the hill to her new apartment.(现在，当我去西部旅游时，妈妈带着她的大袋子在车站接我。我们在大湖农贸市场停下来，挑选最新鲜的时令食材，然后爬山去她的新公寓。)”可知，作者和妈妈关系非常融洽。故选A项。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now when I’m out west for a visit, Mom meets me at a station with her big bag. We stop by the Grand Lake farmers market, picking out the freshest seasonal ingredients, before hiking up the hill to her new apartment. One of these days, I’ll actually cook her dinner.(现在，当我去西部旅游时，妈妈带着她的大袋子在车站接我。我们在大湖农贸市场停下来，挑选最新鲜的时令食材，然后爬山去她的新公寓。总有一天，我会给她做饭的。)”可知，作者在最后一段主要想告诉我们，母女之情永远不变，现在作者的妈妈会照顾作者，而未来作者也会为自己的妈妈做同样的事情。故选B项。
4
13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在大三那年遇到一位教授给作者的文章低分。经过反思，作者找出了自己的症结并得到教授的帮助从而不断努力获得了理想的分数的故事。
13. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Sixty-seven! I'd never received such a low mark. I was dependent on a scholarship, and any grade below 80 put my future in jeopardy.”（六十七！我从来没有得到这么低的分数。我依赖奖学金，任何低于80分的成绩都会把我的未来置于jeopardy。）可知，只要是成绩低于80分就会使作者的奖学金受到影响，而作者又依赖奖学金，推断出这样低的分数会给作者的未来带来麻烦，C项“麻烦”与划线词意思相似。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。根据第三段“My seatmate's annoyed expression suggested her mark had been painful too. We angered silently: Professor Hair was an old weirdo (怪人)! How dare he ruin our GPAs? What was the old boy’s problem, anyway?”（我邻座恼火的表情表明她的分数也很痛苦。我们默默地生气：海尔教授是个老怪人！他怎么敢毁了我们的平均分？不管怎样，这个老男孩的到底怎么了？）可知，作者在此段提到邻座极其低的分数意在说明作者认为教授的评分有问题。故选B项。
15. 推理判断题。根据第五段的“He assured me if I worked hard, I'd achieve my potential in the course, and he’d be available to help me.”（他向我保证，如果我努力工作，我会在课程中发挥自己的潜力，他会随时帮助我。)和第六段的“Nearly 30 years later, I’m still proud of that.”（近30年过去了，我仍然为此感到骄傲。）可知，作者对教授是很感激的。故选D项。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Now, for the first time, a teacher had introduced an uncomfortable question. Were we actually “earning” them?(现在，老师第一次提出了一个令人不安的问题。我们真的是在“挣”它们吗?)”最后一段“I spared no effort in that course. The grade I earned in his class was the lowest I’d received that year. But I had earned that grade.”（我在那门课上不遗余力。我在他班上的成绩是当年我得到的最低的。但这个分数是我应得的。）并纵览全文可知，作者在大三那年遇到一位教授给作者的文章低分。经过反思，作者找出了自己的症结而且得到教授的帮助从而不断努力的故事。这个故事告诉我们，学分要靠自己努力赚得而不是“得到”。因此推断A项“你必须挣得分数，而不是“得到”分数”为最近标题。故选A项。
5
17. A 18. C 19. D 20. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一个经常搬家的人，所以一直以来对家的概念很模糊，一次偶然，他拿起一条浴巾，上面的味道使作者想起了过往，使他突然在某一瞬间产生了“家”的感觉。
17. 细节理解题。根据第三段末句“As a student who frequently moves, I have never seen my living space as “home”, but “shelter”, another location to stay in before I unavoidably move again. (作为一个经常搬家的学生，我从来没有把我的生活空间看作是“家”，而是“庇护所”，在我不可避免地再次搬家之前，我可以呆在另一个地方)”可知，作者经常搬家是他不把住的地方当“家”的主要原因。故选A。
18. 细节理解题。根据第五段第二三句“One day, I took it out, but stopped after smelling the soft, sweet laundry detergent(洗衣粉), the one my parents used back in Thailand. I felt my eyes water as that random smell brought my mixed emotions to the surface: sadness and nostalgia, a strong feeling of missing home.(有一天，我把它拿出来，但在闻到了柔软、甜美的洗衣粉后就停了下来，我父母在泰国用的就是这种洗衣粉。我觉得我的眼睛湿润了，因为那随意的气味把我复杂的情绪带到了表面：悲伤和怀旧，一种强烈的思念家的感觉)”可知，浴巾上面的味道使作者想起了过往。故选C。
19. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Yet, in random moments, when a smell catches me off guard (让我猝不及防) with the memories it brings, I like to believe that the things I feel then are things people feel when they are home. (然而，在偶然的时刻，当一种气味带着它带来的记忆让我猝不及防时，我愿意相信我当时的感觉就是人们在家时的感觉)”可知，现在在某些瞬间，一些熟悉的味道使作者想起了被他认为是有关“家”的感觉。故选D。
20. 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段第二句“Yet, in random moments, when a smell catches me off guard (让我猝不及防) with the memories it brings, I like to believe that the things I feel then are things people feel when they are home.(然而，在偶然的时刻，当一种气味带着它带来的记忆让我猝不及防时，我愿意相信我当时的感觉就是人们在家时的感觉)”可知，作者是一个经常搬家的人，所以一直以来对家的概念很模糊。一次偶然的机会，作者拿起一条浴巾，上面的味道使作者想起了过往，使他突然在某一瞬间产生了“家”的感觉。由此可知，The Smell Brings Me Home(气味把我带回家)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
6
21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家百老汇公司老板收到来信，给贫困的孩子送去圣诞礼物，并建立组织，与他人合作，共同为孩子们送去圣诞礼物的故事。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The previous tenants had received the mail too. It had been coming for years, and no one knows why”（之前的房客也收到了邮件，它已经出现了很多年，但是没有人知道为什么。）可知，邮件已经出现了许多年，这是一个长期的传统，但没有人知道原因。故选D项。
22. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Every day, they’d open their mailbox to find it full of letters to Santa. They responded to as many as they could, writing notes, even buying gifts. But they could only do so much.”（每天，他们打开邮箱，发现里面全是给圣诞老人的信。他们尽可能多地回复，写便条，甚至买礼物。但他们只能做这么多。）并结合第二段第一句“Glaub and Parker settled into their new home, and for the first two years only a few letters trickled (缓慢增加) in from kids or parents asking “Santa” for gifts: toys, coals, dolls.”（Glaub和Parker住进了新家，在最初的两年里，只有几封孩子或父母的来信，要求“圣诞老人”给他们送礼物：玩具、煤和娃娃。）可知，一开始收到的信件还比较少，但之后信件越来越多，以至于他们打开邮箱，发现里面全是给圣诞老人的信，故推测deluged意为“充满的（Flooded）”，故选B项。
23. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘People want to help.’ And so was born Miracle on 22nd Street, a community-based volunteer organization that responds to children’s letters to Santa with season’s greetings and gifts for kids”（人们听说这件事后都想帮忙。于是在22街诞生了一个以社区为基础的志愿者组织，负责回复孩子们写给圣诞老人的信，为孩子们送上节日的问候和礼物。）可知，他们汇集了整个社区的资源去给孩子们回信。故选C项。
24. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Glaub no longer think about why the letters come to the apartment. “It’s part of Christmas for me,” he says. “It’s the same for the kids and families. They look forward to it. It wouldn’t be Christmas without it.””（Glaub不再想为什么这些信会到公寓来。“这对我来说是圣诞节的一部分，”他说。“对孩子和家庭来说也是一样。他们期待着它。没有它就不是圣诞节了。”）并结合上文的描述可知，本文主要讲述两位好心人收到孩子们写给圣诞老人的信，主动回信，并建立组织，与他人合作，共同为孩子们送去圣诞礼物的故事，B项“现实版的圣诞老人”符合句意。故选B项。
7
25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了因车祸失去一条腿的Chad在有类似遭遇的朋友的鼓励下，积极面对生活，迎难而上，帮助他人的同时也救赎自己的故事。
25. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后四句“When the doctor announced the leg had to come off, Chad sank into a bitter desperation. How would he function with only one leg? Would he have the family he had always dreamed of? And how would he ever pay off the hospital bills?”（当医生宣布截肢时，Chad陷入了痛苦的绝望之中。只有一条腿的他要怎么行动?他会拥有他一直梦想的家庭吗?那他怎么付得起医药费呢?）可知，截肢之后，Chad不知道该如何面对未来的生活，不知道自己是否还有美好的未来。故选A项。
26. 推理判断题。根据第二段第五句“Gene just bent over, rolled up his trousers and revealed his own prosthesis(假肢).”（Gene弯下腰，卷起裤子，露出了自己的假肢。）及第三段第一句“When I returned an hour later, the light had come back into Chad’s eyes.”（一小时后我回来时，Chad的眼睛里又出现了光芒。）可知，Gene也是只有一条腿，和Chad的情况相似，可推测Gene用自己的亲身经历鼓励Chad。故选C项。
27. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“He learned to ride a bicycle with his fake leg, swam one-legged and practiced running slow.”（他学会了用假腿骑自行车，用一条腿游泳，还练习了慢跑。）及第五段第二句“No matter how tired Chad was, no matter when he was called, he would drop everything to help.”（无论Chad多么劳累，无论什么时候打电话叫他，他都愿意放下一切来帮忙。）可知，Chad非常坚强，学会了许多事情，而且乐于助人。故选A项。
28. 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“I am calling to tell you that a stranger has just paid all your medical bills.”（我打电话是想告诉你，一个陌生人刚刚付清了你所有的医药费。）及第六段“Gene was right. People who give freely to others get back more than they give.”（Gene是对的。自由地给予别人的人得到的比他们付出的要多。）可知，Chad尽力去帮助别人，安慰别人，他的善良也获得了回报。故选B项。
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29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Alena Analeigh的学习历程、取得的成就以及她创建the Brown STEM Girl Foundation的故事。
29. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Alena’s mother, McQuarter, claimed that her daughter had always been exceptional and superior.（Alena的母亲McQuarter声称，她的女儿一直都是出类拔萃）”可以推论出，McQuarter一定以Alena为傲。故选A项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“And while studying for the accelerated degrees, Alena started the Brown STEM Girl Foundation, in honor of Katherine Johnson, who had been a pioneering African-American mathematician at NASA. The Foundation’s target is to engage and educate girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).（在攻读加速学位期间，Alena创立了the Brown STEM Girl Foundation，以纪念Katherine Johnson，她曾是美国宇航局(NASA)的非裔美国数学家先驱。该基金会的目标是让女孩参与并接受科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)方面的教育）”可知，the Brown STEM Girl Foundation的目的是让女孩接触科学领域。故选B项。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“‘It feels amazing to be able to create a path for girls that look like me.’ Alena shares her tips. She says, ‘It doesn’t matter how old you are. You can do it. Don’t let anybody tell you no. I would say to any little girl out there that’s reading this: Never give up on yourself and never let anyone tell you that you can’t do something.’（‘能够为像我这样的女孩开辟一条道路，感觉很棒。’Alena分享了她的建议。她说：‘你多大并不重要。你能做到的。不要让任何人对你说不。我想对任何正在读这篇文章的小女孩说：永远不要放弃自己，永远不要让任何人告诉你你成不了才’）”可以推论出，最后一段作者想通过Alena所说的话给女孩子一些建议。故选C项。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段的前四句“Alena Analeigh Wicker lad an incredibly impressive list of accomplishments. She studied biological sciences at two separate universities. She is a former NASA intern and went to a medical school. At the young age of 13, she was well on her way to achieving her dreams and ambitions.（Alena Analeigh Wicker取得了一系列令人难以置信的成就。她在两所不同的大学学习生物科学。她曾是美国国家航空航天局的实习生，上过医学院。13岁的时候，她就已经在实现自己梦想和抱负的路上走得很好了）”可以推论出，Alena是一个有前途的人；根据第一段的最后一句“She also supplied support to other young girls like her, who were interested in science and technology, and hoped that her story would serve as a source of inspiration.（她还支持其他像她一样对科学技术感兴趣的年轻女孩，并希望她的故事能成为灵感的源泉）”可以推论出，Alena有爱心。故选D项。
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33. C 34. B 35. A 36. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
33. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
34. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选B。
35. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
36. 细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
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37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述作者十六岁时和父亲一起做志愿者时所见所闻。一个家庭的贫穷深深的震撼了他们：他们从来没有睡过床，从来没有见过枕头。
37. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“On the night we arrived, we discovered that “our family” was living in a trailer (拖车) that was in poor condition. A crew had been working on it for two weeks, but every time they finished one problem, another surfaced.(到达的那天晚上，我们发现“我们家”住在一辆条件很差的拖车里。一组工作人员已经工作了两个星期，但每当他们解决一个问题时，另一个问题就会出现)”并结合第二段“We decided the only reasonable solution was to build a new house — something unusual but necessary under these circumstances.(我们决定唯一合理的解决方案是建造一座新房子——在这种情况下，这是不寻常的，但却是必要的)”可知，作者的志愿者小组决定为这个贫困家庭建造一所新房子是因为这辆拖车的状况很差，无法修理。故选C项。
38. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Expecting toys and other gadgets that children usually ask for, we were surprised when Josh responded, “I just want a bed.”(我们期待着孩子们通常想要的玩具和其他小玩意，但当乔希回答说：“我只想要一张床时，我们很惊讶。”)”可知当乔希回答“我只想要一张床”时，作者是惊讶的。故选A项。
39. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now, when my sister or I start to ask for something that seems urgent, my dad gently asks, “Do you have a pillow?” We know exactly what he means.(现在，当我姐姐或我开始要求一些似乎紧急的事情时，我爸爸会温柔地问：“你有枕头吗?”我们完全明白他的意思)”结合那个贫穷的家庭睡觉时没有枕头都能应付，可知父亲的话中可推出“我姐姐或我”的要求可能是不必要的。故选D项。
40. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“That afternoon, as we fitted the frames of the beds together, Eric ran into the house to watch us.  Too dirty to enter his room, he observed with wide-eyed enthusiasm from the doorway.(那天下午，当我们把床架装在一起时，埃里克跑进屋里看着我们。他太脏了，没进他的房间，他从门口热情地睁大眼睛看着)”和倒数第二段“As my father slipped a pillowcase(枕套)onto one of the pillows, Eric asked, “What is that?” “A pillow,” he replied. “What do you do with it?” Eric continued to ask. “When you go to sleep, you put your head on it,” I answered softly.(当父亲把枕套套在其中一个枕头上时，埃里克问：“那是什么?”“一个枕头，”他回答。“你用它做什么?”埃里克继续问。“当你睡觉的时候，你把你的头放在上面。”我轻声回答)”可知，埃里克问问题时没有进入房间。故选B项。
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41. C 42. D 43. B 44. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个青少年为拯救水资源所做的贡献。
41. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Money Daniels spends several hours every week cleaning up cans and bottles in the rivers near his home with other teen environmentalists in Chattanooga, TN. Together, they have collected more than 1 ton of aluminum cans, nearly 1,000 cans a week for a year. In January, he co-founded a club called the Cleanup Kids with his best friend. The project’s mission: to encourage kids to pick up 1 million pounds of trash across the globe before the end of the year.”（Money Daniels和其他青少年环保主义者一起住在田纳西州查塔努加(Chattanooga)，他们每周花几个小时清理家附近河流里的罐子和瓶子。他们总共收集了1吨多的铝罐，每周收集近1000个。今年1月，他和他最好的朋友共同创立了一个名为“清理孩子”的俱乐部。该项目的使命是：鼓励孩子们在年底前在全球捡起100万磅的垃圾。）以及第二段中““As far back as I can remember, I’ve always loved animals,” Daniels says. Marine life especially interests him. When he began discovering trash on walks along the river with his family, he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures.”（“从我记事起，我就一直很喜欢动物，”丹尼尔斯说。他对海洋生物特别感兴趣。当他和家人在河边散步时发现垃圾时，他立刻想到了他最喜欢的海洋生物。）可知，对海洋生物的关注促使了丹尼尔斯这个项目的诞生。故选C项。
42. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“His mission now is saving the earth’s rivers, which he points out are even more polluted than the world’s oceans. “Eighty percent of the ocean’s trash comes from rivers,” he says.”（他现在的任务是拯救地球上的河流，他指出，河流的污染程度甚至比世界上的海洋还要严重。“80%的海洋垃圾来自河流，”他说。）可知，从第三段可以推断出河流垃圾是海洋垃圾的主要来源。故选D项。
43. 推理判断题。根据第二段中““As far back as I can remember, I’ve always loved animals,” Daniels says. Marine life especially interests him. When he began discovering trash on walks along the river with his family, he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures.”（“从我记事起，我就一直很喜欢动物，”丹尼尔斯说。他对海洋生物特别感兴趣。当他和家人在河边散步时发现垃圾时，他立刻想到了他最喜欢的海洋生物。）以及最后一段“But, in truth, the burden to save the planet has landed on children like him. “Kids may be a small percent of the population, but we’re 100% of the future,” he says. “And we can save the world.””（但事实上，拯救地球的重任落在了像他这样的孩子身上。“孩子可能只占人口的一小部分，但我们是100%的未来，”他说。“我们可以拯救世界。”）可推知，丹尼尔斯非常有爱心和责任心。故选B项。
44. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“But, in truth, the burden to save the planet has landed on children like him. “Kids may be a small percent of the population, but we’re 100% of the future,” he says. “And we can save the world.””（但事实上，拯救地球的重任落在了像他这样的孩子身上。“孩子可能只占人口的一小部分，但我们是100%的未来，”他说。“我们可以拯救世界。”）可知，这篇文章主要讲的是一个青少年为拯救水资源所做的贡献。故选B项。
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45. C 46. C 47. D 48. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自身的经历体会到“妈妈”这一称呼的含义，世界上最美丽的声音是妈妈的呼唤。
45. 词义猜测题。根据下文的“‘Do you want some help?’ I ask her, sleep-blurred. She nods, and then bursts into tears.”（‘你需要帮助吗？’我迷迷糊糊地问她。她点点头，然后泪流满面）可知，作者从女儿的声音中一定听出了女儿的脆弱，所以问女儿是否需要帮忙，所以划线单词vulnerability的意义为“脆弱”。故选C项。
46. 推理判断题。根据第八段“I put my arm around her. I want to protect my child from the cruel beasts who make her weep so, but I’ve got a hot potato of my own just now. I feel the disability of being responsible for myself and for my daughters. I talk to my friends and they empathize(共情). I talk to my brother and he solves problems. I need more.”（我搂着她。我想保护我的孩子不受那些使她哭泣的残忍野兽的伤害，但是我现在有一个棘手的问题。我感到无法对自己和女儿负责。我和我的朋友聊天，他们感同身受。我和我哥哥聊天，他帮我解决问题。我需要更多）和作者给妈妈打电话这件事可以推论出，作者精神上太疲惫了。故选C项。
47. 推理判断题。根据文中作者的讲述，当她听到女儿叫“妈妈”时，她就知道女儿需要什么以及第八段的句子“I put my arm around her. I want to protect my child from the cruel beasts who make her weep so, but I’ve got a hot potato of my own just now.”（我搂着她。我想保护我的孩子不受那些使她哭泣的残忍野兽的伤害，但是我现在有一个棘手的问题）可以推论出，作者既善解人意又负责。故选D项。
48. 推理判断题。根据作者讲述自己当妈妈的体会，特别是文章最后的句子“‘Honey, are you all right?’ my mother asks. Somehow, that is everything I want to hear.”（‘亲爱的，你还好吗？’我妈妈问。不知怎么的，这就是我想听到的）可以推论出，世界上最美丽的声音是妈妈的呼唤。故选D项。
13
49. A 50. B 51. C 52. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了2022年诺贝尔文学奖获得者——法国作家Annie Ernaux。
49. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the words of the Nobel committee, Ernaux was given the award ‘for the courage and amazing insight’ of her writing. (用诺贝尔委员会的话说，Ernaux因其写作的‘勇气和惊人的洞察力’而获奖)”可知，Annie Ernaux因其作品中展现的勇敢和敏锐而获得诺贝尔奖，故选A。
50. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Her ‘upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood’ inspire many of her works. (她的‘青春期和成年期的成长和经历’启发了她的许多作品)”可知，她的作品灵感来源于她的个人经历，故选B。
51. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“they are always written in plain language. Ernaux described her style as ‘flat writing’ through which she aims to tell her stories objectively (但它们总是用简单的语言写出来的。Ernaux将她的写作风格描述为‘平淡的写作’，她的目标是客观地讲述她的故事)”可知，Ernaux的写作风格客观且简单易懂，故选C。
52. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Anders Olsson说的话“She writes about things that no one else writes about, for instance her jealousy, her experiences as an abandoned lover and so forth. I mean, really hard experiences (她写了别人没有写过的东西，比如她的嫉妒，她作为一个被抛弃的情人的经历等等)”可知，Anders Olsson认为Annie Ernaux与其他作家的不同之处在于她的作品是关于未被探索的主题，故选C。
14
53. B 54. A 55. D 56. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在圣诞老人游行时所做的工作。
53. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was attracted by the costumed children sitting on the floats-always waving to the crowd. Whoever they were, I knew I wanted to be one of them. I wanted to be in the parade. I wanted to wave as the entire city lined the streets to see me. This quickly became my ultimate fantasy in the following few years.”（我被坐在花车上的穿着奇装异服的孩子们吸引住了——他们总是向人群挥手。不管他们是谁，我知道我想成为他们中的一员。我想参加游行。当整个城市的人都在街道两旁看我时，我想挥手。在接下来的几年里，这很快成为我的终极梦想。）可知，作者小时候的终极幻想是在花车上向人群挥手。故选B项。
54. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“But I was also a realist…There was no way my family could be able to find an entry point into the parade.”（但我也是一个现实主义者。……我的家人不可能进入游行队伍中。）可推知，考虑到作者家庭状况，由于作者家是一个中等收入的家庭，所以作者的家人不可能进入游行队伍中。故可猜测划线单词means为“收入”的意思，结合选项A项income“收入”意思一致。故选A项。
55. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The job was pretty easy. Our primary focus was keeping children safe.”（这项工作相当容易。我们的首要任务是保护孩子们的安全。）可推知，在过去的21年里，作者在游行中的主要工作是确保孩子的安全。故选D项。
56. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When I was about 5 years old, the Santa Claus Parade came to town and passed within a block of our house. On1 that morning, my mother dressed me up and sent me out in the street with my 11-year-old sister as temporary guardian.”（当我大约5岁的时候，圣诞老人游行来到镇上，经过我们家附近的一个街区。那天早上，妈妈把我打扮好，让我和11岁的妹妹一起到街上去做临时监护人。）和最后一段中“But I continued. I was a marshal for 21 years, and I will keep coming back”（但我继续说。我当了21年的典礼官，我还会回来。）可知，本文主要讲述了作者在每年圣诞老人游行时所做的工作。因此B项“Celebrating Christmas through the years”（年年庆祝圣诞节）是本文的主旨大意。故选B项。
15
57. C 58. B 59. A 60. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个被誉为“世界上最不幸又最幸运的人”的人生经历。
57. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“He is probably the unluckiest and luckiest man in the world(他可能是世界上最不幸和最幸运的人)”和最后一段“Frane Selak is now world-famous for escaping death.(Frane Selak现在以死里逃生闻名于世)”可知，文章讲述了Frane Selak与死亡擦肩而过的多次幸运经历，C项“一个非常幸运的男人”能够总结文章大意。故选C。
58. 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Frane Selak经历了1次火车脱轨、1次飞机失事和5次车祸，一共是7次死里逃生，故选B。
59. 细节理解题。从倒数第二段“In 2010, the 81-year-old retiree decided that “money can’t buy happiness”, and decided to live a modest life with his fifth wife.(2010年，这位81岁的退休老人认为‘金钱买不到幸福’，决定和他的第五任妻子过着朴素的生活)”可以看出他想要一个低调的退休生活，故选A。
60. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To make the picture complete and the character’s luck unquestionable, in 2003, Selak won 1 million dollars in the Croatian lottery.(2003年，Selak在克罗地亚的彩票中赢得了100万美元的奖金，这让这个画面更变得完整和这个人物的运气变得无可置疑)”可得知，让这跌宕起伏的故事更加完整、证明他戏剧化的幸运无可置疑的，正是后文所提到的“...in 2003, Selak won 1 million dollars in the Croatian lottery.”。故选D。