江西省南昌市南昌县莲塘第一中学2022-2023学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题（解析版）

这是一份江西省南昌市南昌县莲塘第一中学2022-2023学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了 5分)， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
莲塘一中2021级高二上学期期中检测
英语试卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题15分，满分7. 5分)
请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which city will Kate travel to?
A. Barcelona. B. Florence. C. Paris.
2. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student B. Doctor and patient. C. Classmates.
3. How much should Ada’s father pay?
A. £ 40. B. £ 50 C. £ 60
4. How does Tracy probably find the mother’s idea?
A. Confusing. B. Necessary. C. Disappointing.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Fiction Allen loves reading. B. Different types of fiction. C. Books Allen has read.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22, 5分)
所下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. What’s wrong with Mr Brown’s reservation?
A. The room is not for two. B. The dates are not correct. C. The room has no ocean view.
7. What will Mr Brown do next?
A. Complain about the hotel’s service. B. Change to another hotel. C. Complete a form.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8. Why do the flowers arrive late?
A. The worker has got hurt B. The worker is stuck in traffic a top2
C. The store sends the wrong person.
9. When does the opening ceremony probably start?
A. At 12:30 pm. B. At 1:00 pm. C. At 1:30 pm.
10. Where are the speakers?
A. At a flower store. B. At a meeting hall C. On the street.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
11. What may Linda want to do most when taking a part-time job?
A. Offer people some shopping advice B. Guide tourists around mountains.
C. Serve people food and drinks.
12. Why does Linda give up the Tutapoint platform?
A. She hates exams. B. She lacks experience. C. She hardly affords its service.
13. What is a requirement of the third platform?
A. Being at least 17 years old. B. Adding a list of tutor services.
C. Checking potential clients ‘information.
14. Which platform will Linda probably choose at last?
A. Kaplan. B. Tutapoint C. Happy Tutors.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
15. What are the colors of the first painting’s background?
A. Blue and green. B. White and blue. C. Yellow and white.
16. What does the painter want to convey in The Flower Carrier?
A. The beauty of nature. B. The couple’s struggle. C. The harmonious relationship.
17. Who is the woman’s favorite artist?
A. Diego Rivera. B. Henri Matisse C. Pablo Picasso.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
18. What is the speaker’s university like?
A. It’s the third largest in the world. B. It welcomes worldwide students.
C. It has many foreign experts working there.
19 What helped the speaker go through her hard time?
A. Going traveling. B. Reading books. C. Chatting with strangers.
20. How did the speaker find her experience abroad?
A. Difficult. B. Costly. C. Beneficial
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you want to know something about British life their spirit, and even their humor, watching some classic British films will certainly help. Here are some recommended to you.
Notting Hill
After the success of his film Four Weddings and a Funeral, writer and producer Richard Curtis captured the essence of being British in 1999’s Notting Hill. Set against the background of affluent (富足的) West London, the film became popular for its charming and funny portrayal(刻画) of a British nobody trying to impress a Hollywood star.
The Full Monty
This 1997 film is a Sheffield-based comedy about six unemployed men who form a group to make money for a better life. Despite its hummer, the film dives deeper into some serious issues surrounding working-class culture. The Full Monty is an uplifting film that gives an insight into the work and life of the working class in Britain.
Trainspotting
Danny Boyle’s 1996 comedy-drama Trainspotting is about a group of Scots in the 1980s, based on the book by Irvine Welsh. With a cast of truly great actors including Ewan MeGregor, the tale impressed the audience globally. It rapidly became a critical success.
Monty Python’s Life of Brian
Featuring a jam-packed cast of comedic stars. Monty Python’s Life of Brian tells the story of a young man who is in a case of mistaken identity. The film reflects the unusual and wonderful British sense of humour. As a film guaranteed to entertain, Monty Pythons Life of Brian is not to be missed by those looking for an insight into what makes the British laugh.
1. What can the audience learn about by watching The Full Monty?
A. Hardships of comedic stars B. Daily life of people in West London
C. Unique experiences of some Scots. D. Life of the British working class.
2. What kind of film does Monty Python’s Life of Brian belong to?
A. A comedy film. B. A science fiction film.
C. An action movie D. A horror movie.
3. Which of the following films is adapted from a book?
A. Notting Hill. B. The Full Monty.
C. Trainspotting. D. Monty Python’s Life of Brian.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了有助于了解英国人的生活和精神，甚至他们的幽默的4部经典的英国电影。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Full Monty部分“The Full Monty is an uplifting film that gives an insight into the work and life of the working class in Britain. (《欢乐满月》是一部令人振奋的电影，它深入了解了英国工人阶级的工作和生活。)”可知，观众观看The Full Monty，能从中了解到英国工人阶级的工作和生活。故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Monty Python’s Life of Brian部分“Featuring a jam-packed cast of comedic stars, Monty Python’s Life of Brian tells the story of a young man who is in a case of mistaken identity. The film reflects the unusual and wonderful British sense of humour. As a film guaranteed to entertain, Monty Python’s Life of Brian is not to be missed by those looking for an insight into what makes the British laugh. (巨蟒剧团的《布莱恩的一生》汇聚了一众喜剧明星，讲述了一个被认错身份的年轻人的故事。这部电影反映了英国人独特而精彩的幽默感。作为一部保证娱乐的电影，巨蟒剧团的《布莱恩的一生》是那些想要了解英国人笑点的人不容错过的。)”可知，这部电影中，喜剧明星云集，反映了英国人独特而精彩的幽默感，所以属于喜剧电影。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Trainspotting部分“Danny Boyle’s 1996 comedy-drama Trainspotting is about a group of Scots in the 1980s, based on the book by Irvine Welsh. (丹尼·博伊尔1996年的喜剧Trainspotting是根据欧文·威尔士的小说改编的，讲述了20世纪80年代一群苏格兰人的故事。)”可知，rainspotting是根据欧文·威尔士的小说改编而来的一部电影，故选C。
B
The wonderful multiple-award winning producer, writer, and director Norman Lear, who is 100, was recently interviewed by a TV host, who asked him what advice he would give to younger people as a successful man. Without missing a beat, Lear said, “Learn to let things that bother you go.”
Those few words are some of the most powerful in the world. I know that if people could just learn to do it, murder and divorce rates would fall dramatically, and I would be out of a job.
Learning to let go of what bothers you is a dream for many people, each of us has our own personal demons (魔鬼) to fight. The big question is: how do you let go of them? There is no one solution that works for everyone, because we’re all different. Psychotherapy(心理疗法) may help some people who hold on to negative thoughts, while others don’t respond to such treatments.
Even after you’ve worked on this, you may have to deal with the after-effects of a traumatic experience. It’s hard to forget, for example, that someone held a gun to your head or broke your heart. Truly letting go means not forgetting what happened but rather leading to live with it, because no one can completely forget their past and it’s no use avoiding the unfortunate past. But each day is a chance to start anew.
Elvira, an actress, was disturbed by PTSD, a mental disorder. Medication didn’t help. She got counseling from some good people and did her own work, but she would still wake up in a state of anxiety every morning. When we started working together, I asked her to imagine, as often as she could, that the discomfort she was feeling was the negativity leaving her body. Whenever a negative thought entered her mind, she would repeat this visualization exercise and would soon begin to feel okay again.
Learning to let go of things that bother you frees you from the feeling that you don’t deserve good things coming your way. It takes effort, but it’s worthwhile.
4. What advice did Norman Lear share with younger people?
A. Being professional in multiple fields. B. Being enthusiastic about one’s career.
C. Having an optimistic attitude to bad things. D. Showing great love and caring for the young.
5. What message is conveyed in Paragraph 3?
A. Annoying dreams share certain similarities. B. Strategies for letting go vary between individuals.
C. It’s necessary for us to let go of negative thoughts. D. It’s normal for us to receive psychological treatments.
6. What may the author encourage those bothered by traumatic experiences to do?
A. Move forward with bad memories. B. Avoid things related to past traumas
C. Try hard to forget unpleasant experiences. D. Mark the boundary between the present and the past.
7. What does the author mainly want to show by the example of Elvira?
A. An effective technique for battling against anxiety.
B. The way how mental disorders affect people’s life.
C. The process of treating mental disorders is painful.
D. Actresses are more likely to suffer mental disorders.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了一个由“学会放下困扰你的事情”的建议而引发的作者的讨论。但放手的策略因人而异，因此作者认为“放下”的真正含义是不逃避过去，带着它继续前行，同时作者举例了一个女演员的使用的有效对抗焦虑的方法“想象练习”。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“Without missing a beat, Lear said, ‘Learn to let things that bother you go.’(李尔毫不犹豫地说：“学会让那些困扰你的事情过去。”)”可知，他的建议是对困扰自己的事情要释怀，即，对坏事持乐观态度。故选C项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段关键句内容“There is no one solution that works for everyone, because we’re all different. Psychotherapy may help some people who hold on to negative thoughts, while others don’t respond to such treatments.(没有一种解决方案适用于所有人，因为我们都是不同的。心理治疗可能会帮助一些坚持消极想法的人，而另一些人则对这种治疗没有反应。)”可知，没有一种解决方案适合所有人，不同的人会有不同的反应。由此可知，该段主要表达的是“放手的策略因人而异”。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Truly letting go means not forgetting what happened but rather leading to live with it, because no one can completely forget their past and it’s no use avoiding the unfortunate past.(真正的放手意味着不忘记发生的事情，而是带着它生活，因为没有人能完全忘记他们的过去，逃避不幸的过去是没有用的。)”可知，作者鼓励带着过去不好的记忆继续生活，因为逃避或刻意遗忘是没有用的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段末尾内容“Whenever a negative thought entered her mind, she would repeat this visualization exercise and would soon begin to feel okay again.(每当一个消极的想法进入她的脑海，她就会重复这个想象练习，很快就会感觉好起来。)”的总结可知，Elvira使用了作者教给她的“想象练习”方法处理“焦虑”和“消极”，达到了一定的效果。由此可推知，这里提出Elvira的案例是为了证明一个对抗焦虑的有效方法。故选A项。
C
Music is a part of every culture around the world. In fact, the ability to appreciate music is built into our brains. Music makes us feel good. Many music studies look at the long-term benefits of being a music listener or participating in a music program as a child. But can listening to music help us connect and empathize (产生共鸣) with someone right at the moment? A new study aims to find it out.
In this study, 60 university students were asked to watch several 15-second videos in which a person describes an autobiographical (自传体的) experience. In some cases, people in the video talk about a relatively ordinary event, like moving into a new apartment, while other stories contain strong emotional content, like recalling a terrible accident or a loved one’s death.
While students watched these videos, the researchers randomly played either “emotionally neutral (中立的)” music or very sad music in the background. After watching each video, the students expressed how much sympathy they had for the person in the video, and how much they wanted to help that person. They were also tested on their social reasoning skills—how well they understood the person’s thinking method in the video. All of these could be signs of empathic connection (同感沟通).
Results showed that people watching the sad videos felt more sadness themselves and more sympathy for the other person than those watching the neutral videos—not a big surprise. But these empathic feelings were strengthened by listening to sad music. The music had no effect, however, on whether or not the students could reason out the other person’s experience and understand what they might be thinking or feeling.
While music is not the only way — other art forms, like fiction and dancing, have also been shown to increase empathy, for example—music could be a powerful tool. “It’d be very interesting to extend our finding further, to see if listening to music in a social context can improve our real-world ability to empathize with and feel sympathy for others in the long term,” says the lead researcher Brennan McDonald.
8. What does the new study want to find out?
A. Whether music can benefit us.
B. Whether music can arouse genuine emotions.
C. Whether music can improve the social effect.
D. Whether music programs can increase our confidence.
9. What were the participants required to do during the study?
A. To film a short autobiographical video.
B. To share one of their miserable experiences.
C. To think up ways to help the person in need.
D. To watch videos while listening to different background music.
10. Which of the following belongs to the opinion of the researchers?
A. We can increase our sympathy by using some music.
B. Music helps us understand others’ thinking processes.
C. Most adults are much more emotional than children.
D. Music can influence us both emotionally and intellectually.
11. What will the researcher Brennan probably do next?
A. Study different types of music.
B. Test the long-term effect of music on people.
C. Find more ways to make people more caring.
D. Compare the effect of music with that of other art forms.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。音乐是全世界文化的一部分，那么听音乐能否帮助我们与此刻的某个人产生共情能力呢？一项新的研究试图去弄清楚这一点。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But can listening to music help us connect and empathize with someone right at the moment? A new study aimed to find it out.(但听音乐能帮助我们在当下与某人建立联系并产生共鸣吗?一项新的研究旨在找出答案)”可知新的研究是想弄清楚音乐是否能提升社会效应。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“While students watched these videos, the researchers randomly played either “emotionally neutral” music or very sad music in the background(当学生们观看这些视频时，研究人员随机播放“情绪中性”的音乐或非常悲伤的背景音乐)”可知，参与者在研究过程中被要求边听不同的背景音乐边看视频。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“While music is not the only way — other art forms, like fiction and dancing, have also been shown to increase empathy, for example—music could be a powerful tool.(虽然音乐不是唯一的方式，其他艺术形式，如小说和舞蹈，也被证明可以增加同理心，但音乐可能是一个强大的工具)”可推知，我们可以使用某些音乐来增加我们的共情能力。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It’d be very interesting to extend our finding further, to see if listening to music in a social context can improve our real-world ability to empathize with and feel sympathy for others in the long term,” says the lead researcher Brennan McDonald.(首席研究员布伦南·麦克唐纳说：“进一步扩展我们的发现将非常有趣，看看在社交环境中听音乐是否能长期提高我们在现实世界中对他人产生共鸣和同情的能力。”)”可知，研究人员布伦南接下来可能会测试音乐对人的长期影响。故选B项。
D
Off southern California seashores, the newcomers are starting to approach and they desire the nice and comfortable waters nearer to shore, which mean many beachgoers who at the moment are enjoying themselves have by no means seen the white sharks earlier. “When the little guys begin to pop up, everybody hurries to determine what is happening,” stated Douglas J. MeCauley, a marine science professor.
A brand-new mission applying artificial intelligence (AI) referred to as SharkEye might help maintain observations of those fearsome fish at the beach and help our community share the ocean more safely with sharks. It was developed by Dr. MeCauley’s lab, using a small drone (无人机)—an unoccupied air vehicle equipped with a video camera. It once worked well in San Diego State College where scientists used it to study shark migrations.
SharkEye has been carrying out examinations over the past two summers at Padaro Beach in Santa Barbara County. It is a well-liked space for surf camps, which additionally turns out to be a nursery for young white sharks, featuring comfortable waters and adequate diet. Young sharks are usually sighted between April and October; however, hotspot locations and numbers can vary year by year. Adult sharks tend to spend more time offshore, but they can be sighed closer to the coast in the late fall through to February.
With SharkEye, a pilot launches a drone that travels along a preprogrammed path in the sky. It stays about 120 feet high, permitting it to rapidly scan a big space of the ocean. Meanwhile, it can be sufficient to keep away from bothering marine life. Researchers in the SharkEye program combine the visual data collected by the drone with relevant information on the temperature of the ocean and migratory patterns in order to create predictions about the likelihood of great whites showing up on a certain day, near a certain section of the beach.
Chris Keet, an area surf retailer, who provides summer season camps and personal classes at Padaro Beach, is now changing his enterprise(企业经营) based mostly on the SharkEye information. After SharkEye recorded 9 sightings of sharks in July, Mr. Keet determined to cancel a two-decade-old summer season custom—campers dive and swim out.
12. What does the underlined word “newcomers” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Drones. B. Swimmers. C. Sharks. D. Professors.
13. What is the new task for SharkEye?
A. Observing shark migrations. B. Guaranteeing beachgoers’ safety.
C. Preserving endangered marine life. D. Exploring potential ocean resources.
14. What can be learned about Padaro Beach?
A. It features an abundant supply of energy. B. It can almost be called a shelter for sharks.
C. It is a surf camp known for its friendly sharks. D. It offers evidence of harmony between humans and sharks
15. What is probably the best title for the text?
A. Drones monitor sharks’ arrival. B. The pros and cons of SharkEye.
C. Businessmen turn technology into profits. D. The application of AI technology to marine life.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了由于“鲨鱼入侵海岸”，一项新的人工智能“鲨鱼眼”被引入使用。该程序使用无人机对海岸进行监视，观察靠近海岸的危险鱼类，以使人们能够与鲨鱼和平共享海滩。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前后语境分析可知，后文的主语“they”指代画线词“newcomers”，根据前文“Off southern California seashores(在南加州海岸附近)”以及后文“they desire the nice and comfortable waters nearer to shore(它们渴望靠近海岸的美丽而舒适的水域)”可推知，之前的位置是在海岸附近，想要靠近近海水域，由此可推知，“newcomers”应是来自海洋的生物，同时结合后文中“the white sharks(大白鲨)”用定冠词“the”表达特指可推知，“newcomers”指的是“鲨鱼”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“A brand-new mission applying artificial intelligence (AI) referred to as SharkEye might help maintain observations of those fearsome fish at the beach and help our community share the ocean more safely with sharks.(一项名为“鲨鱼眼”的应用人工智能的新任务可能有助于保持对海滩上那些可怕鱼类的观察，并帮助我们的社区更安全地与鲨鱼共享海洋。)”可知，“鲨鱼眼”的新任务是帮助观察海滩上的可怕鱼类，以帮助人们更安全地“享受海滩”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“It is a well-liked space for surf camps, which additionally turns out to be a nursery for young white sharks, featuring comfortable waters and adequate diet. Young sharks are usually sighted between April and October; however, hotspot locations and numbers can vary year by year. Adult sharks tend to spend more time offshore, but they can be sighed closer to the coast in the late fall through to February.(这是一个很受欢迎的冲浪营地，也是小白鲨的托儿所，拥有舒适的水域和充足的食物。幼鲨通常在4月到10月之间出现；然而，热点的位置和数量每年都在变化。成年鲨鱼倾向于在近海度过更多的时间，但它们可以在深秋到2月期间更靠近海岸。)”可知，这里拥有舒适的水域和充足的食物，是小白鲨的托儿所，而成年鲨会在深秋到次年2月份靠近海岸，由此可推知，这里可以说是鲨鱼的“家”或“庇护所”。故选B项。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章的第二段内容“A brand-new mission applying artificial intelligence (AI) referred to as SharkEye might help maintain observations of those fearsome fish at the beach and help our community share the ocean more safely with sharks. It was developed by Dr. MeCauley’s lab, using a small drone—an unoccupied air vehicle equipped with a video camera.(一项名为“鲨鱼眼”的应用人工智能的新任务可能有助于保持对海滩上那些可怕鱼类的观察，并帮助我们的社区更安全地与鲨鱼共享海洋。它是由麦考利博士的实验室开发的，使用的是一架小型无人机——一种配备了摄像机的无人驾驶飞行器。)”提出了文章的核心话题，即，文章主要讲述了人工智能“鲨鱼眼”使用无人机保持对海滩上那些可怕鱼类的观察，帮助人类与鲨鱼共享海洋。选项A“Drones monitor sharks’ arrival.(无人机监视鲨鱼的到来。)”贴合文章主旨，可作最佳标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chemists have spent the past century trying to make plastics break down in seawater. Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean. ___16___ However, this may change. Scientists have designed a new kind of plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks, not decades or more.
___17___ It is known as polylactide (聚乳酸) or PLA. It’s made by linking many building blocks into a long string. Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment. And in some places it does, but not in seawater. After three years in the ocean, LA remains largely unchanged.
Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. ___18___ For part of that work, he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA. They put those breaking points to places where monomers (单体) in the PLA molecules are linked. Then, they soaked (浸泡) their samples in artificial seawater. In this way, they measured how fast the PLA broke down. As the team had hoped, seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers. That could tear the PLA chain apart. ___19___
When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links, the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks. When they weakened only 3% of the links, the breakdown took about two years. ___20___ This can be achieved by adjusting how many weakened links it has.
A. Plastics are useful.
B. Scientists created the now-popular plastic in the1930s.
C. So researchers have much confidence in their efforts.
D. That’s why plastics make up 80% of ocean trash.
E. His work has focused on speeding PLA’s breakdown.
F. This means the team can design how quickly PLA breaks down in seawater.
G. The more breaking points researchers added, the faster the PLA broke down.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. E 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们设计了一种新型塑料，可以在海洋中迅速分解。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean.(大多数塑料需要几个世纪才能在海洋中完全分解。)”可知，塑料在海洋中难以分解，会导致海洋垃圾中塑料占比很高，与D项“That’s why plastics make up 80% of ocean trash.(这就是为什么塑料占海洋垃圾的80%。)”上下文一致，故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Scientists have designed a new kind of plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks, not decades or more.(科学家们设计了一种新型塑料，可以在几周内在海水中分解，而不是几十年或更长时间。)”可知，新型塑料容易分解，结合下文“Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment. And in some places it does, but not in seawater.(科学家们曾希望PLA能够迅速在环境中分解。在某些地方确实如此，但在海水中并非如此。)”可知，本段中的PLA不是新型塑料，是现在流行的塑料，结合“It is known as polylactide(聚乳酸)or PLA.(它被称为聚乳酸或PLA)”可知本段主要内容是现在流行的塑料的介绍，与B项“Scientists created the now-popular plastic in the1930s.(科学家在1930年代创造了现在流行的塑料。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands.(Timo Rhein Berger是荷兰特温特大学的博士生。)”可知，本段内容与Timo Rhein Berger有关，结合下文“For part of that work, he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.(在这项工作的一部分中，他成为一个团队的一员，该团队只是为PLA增加了一些生物学启发的突破点。)”可知，空处应为他的工作，与E项“His work has focused on speeding PLA’s breakdown.(他的工作重点是加速PLA的崩溃。)”上下文一致，His work与For part of that work前后呼应，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“For part of that work, he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.(在这项工作的一部分中，他成为一个团队的一员，该团队只是为PLA增加了一些生物学启发的突破点。)”与“In this way, they measured how fast the PLA broke down. As the team had hoped, seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers. That could tear the PLA chain apart.(通过这种方式，他们测量了PLA分解的速度。正如研究小组所希望的那样，海水攻击了单体之间减弱的联系。这可能会撕裂PLA的链条。)”可知，主要讲述了该团队在分解PLA方面的增加了突破点，突破点与PLA分解之间的关系，与G项“The more breaking points researchers added, the faster the PLA broke down.(研究人员添加的突破点越多，PLA的崩溃速度就越快。)”上下文一致，breaking points为同词复现，符合文意，故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links, the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks. When they weakened only 3% of the links, the breakdown took about two years. (当研究人员削弱了PLA单体连接的15%时，PLA在短短两周内完全崩溃。当他们只削弱了3%的链接时，崩溃花了大约两年的时间。)”可知，研究团队可以控制PLA的分解速度了，与F项“This means the team can design how quickly PLA breaks down in seawater.(这意味着团队可以设计PLA在海水中分解的速度。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。
第三部分：语言知识运用(满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dogs are our friends. Taking your dog to work with you can be great for ___21___. That was what Steyaert, who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after ___22___ her dog Nelson there. At first, she did so just to prevent him from being ___23___ during the day. She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there ___24___and take in everything around him.
Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would ___25___ shoppers walking by. “He lifts his paw to greet people,” Steyaert said. “He knows how to steal their ___26___. And people’s behaviour made me ___27___. I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”
The ___28___ Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love. Many people have ___29___ him over the years. Steyaert, in turn, has gained more ___30___ within her community. “It happens often that people ___31___ me through Nelson,” Steyaert said.
Besides interesting many shoppers, Nelson has also ___32___ some people. For example, one day a girl passing by asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson. She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away and that it was ___33___ to see and pet Nelson. That encouraged Steyaert to ___34___ her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace.
While Nelson’s presence in the market contributes to Steyaert’s sales, it’s their ___35___ that benefits much more from it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side,” Steyaert said.
21. A. health B. business C. education D. exercise
22 A. training B. losing C. bringing D. buying
23. A. alone B. dirty C. lazy D. impolite
24. A. quietly B. comfortably C. curiously D. freely
25. A. terrify B. attract C. rescue D. annoy
26. A. hearts B. customers C. seats D. dreams
27. A. anxious B. disappointed C. hopeless D. surprised
28. A. skill B. encouragement C. attention D. knowledge
29. A. befriended B. chosen C. forgotten D. raised
30. A. income B. power C. trust D. fame
31. A. guide B. recognize C. contact D. praise
32. A. healed B. followed C. partnered D. admired
33. A. interesting B. difficult C. heartwarming D. discouraging
34. A. change B. continue C. reconsider D. record
35. A. influence B. impression C. competition D. relationship
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为了朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着你的狗去上班会对你的生意很有好处。A. health健康；B. business生意；C. education教育；D. exercise锻炼。根据后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market(在露天市场卖女装)”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特带着她的狗纳尔逊去那里后学到的。A. training训练；B. losing失去；C. bringing带来；D. buying购买。根据前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，她这样做只是为了防止他在白天孤单。A. alone孤独的；B. dirty脏的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. impolite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知，此处是指防止他在白天孤单。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她在她的摊位前放了一条毯子，这样纳尔逊就可以舒服地坐在那里，欣赏周围的一切。A. quietly安静地；B. comfortably舒适地；C. curiously好奇地；D. freely自由地。根据“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，斯泰耶特意识到纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。A. terrify惊吓；B. attract吸引；C. rescue拯救；D. annoy使恼怒。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.(我从没想到过路人会如此频繁地抚摸陌生人的狗。)”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道如何偷走他们的心。A. hearts心；B. customers顾客；C. seats座位；D. dreams梦想。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.(我从没想到过路人会如此频繁地抚摸陌生人的狗。)”可知，此处是指偷走他们的心。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们的行为让我很惊讶。A. anxious焦虑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.(我从没想到过路人会如此频繁地抚摸陌生人的狗。)”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同，有的只是转过头来，有的则表现出很多的爱。A. skill技巧；B. encouragement鼓励；C. attention吸引力；D. knowledge知识。根据“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，许多人都和他成为朋友。A. befriended成为……的朋友；B. chosen关闭；C. forgotten忘记；D. raised抚养。根据前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指许多人都和他成为朋友。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：反过来，斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。A. income收入；B. power力量；C. trust信任；D. fame名气。根据“within her community”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“人们经常通过纳尔逊认出我。”斯泰耶特说。A. guide指导；B. recognize认出；C. contact联络；D. praise表扬。根据“through Nelson”可知，此处是指通过狗狗纳尔逊认出主人斯泰耶特。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了吸引了许多购物者，纳尔逊还治愈了一些人。A. healed治愈；B. followed跟随；C. partnered成为搭档；D. admired钦佩。根据后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away(她告诉斯泰耶特她的狗刚刚去世了)”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉斯泰耶特，她的狗刚刚去世，看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。A. interesting有趣的；B. difficult困难的；C. heartwarming暖心的；D. discouraging令人沮丧的。根据“to see and pet Nelson”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这鼓励斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为，把纳尔逊带到她的工作场所。A. change改变；B. continue继续；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. record记录。根据“That encouraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然纳尔逊在市场上的存在有助于斯泰耶特的销售，但他们的关系从中受益更多。A. influence影响；B. impression印象；C. competition比赛；D. relationship关系。根据后文“He’s my best friend and always at my side(他是我最好的朋友，总是在我身边)”可知，此处是指他们的关系从中受益更多。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)
第四部分 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mogao Grottoes contain 735 caves full of Buddhist art. More than I million visitors ___36___ (attract)to Dunhuang every year. Among the many beautiful works of art in these caves, the numerous paintings on the walls of the caves have inspired the ___37___ (imagine)of people around the world. ___38___ (realize)their fascination(魅力), a group of young artists have recently made efforts to tum these large paintings into portable(便携式的)works of art.
Qin Yueyu has recently made a name ___39___ herself after she posted her graduation work on Chinese social media. The work ___40___ (faithful)recreates a well-known classic Tang Dynasty fresco (壁画)The Samanta Bhadra Story in Dunhuang. “ ___41___ (tradition)frescoes are fixed on cave walls, but we used the knowledge from our major ___42___ (turn)the fresco into a portable work of art. I plan to continue down this path,” Qin said. People like Qin feel ___43___ important to protect ancient culture.
The Mogao Grottoes are the heart of ___44___ is known as Dunhuang studies. Data from the Dunhuang Academy shows that the number of tourists to the grottoes ___45___ (increase) greatly over the past several years. And the majority of the visitors are young people.
【答案】36. are attracted
37. imagination
38. Realizing
39. for 40. faithfully
41. Traditional
42. to turn
43. it 44. what
45. has increased
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文，主要讲述了保护敦煌文化的重要性。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：每年有100多万游客被吸引到敦煌。结合句意和every year可知，句子用一般现在时，主语为More than 1 million visitors， 谓语动词用复数形式，且与attract之间是被动关系，故填are attracted。
【37题详解】
考查不可数名词。句意：在这些洞穴中许多美丽的艺术品中，洞穴壁上的众多绘画激发了世界各地人们的想象力。结合句意和the可知，此处用名词形式，表示“想象”，为不可数名词，故填imagination。
【38题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：意识到自己的魅力，一群年轻艺术家最近努力将这些大型面作变成可携带的艺术品。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，a group of young artists与realize之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，且首字母大写，故填Realizing。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：秦跃宇最近在中国社交媒体上发布毕业作品后，名声大噪。for表示“为了”符合句意，故填for。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：这幅作品忠实地再现了著名的唐代壁画《敦煌普贤记》。此处用副词作状语修饰动词recreates，故填faithfully。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：传统壁画固定在洞壁上，但我们利用专业知识将壁画变成了一件便携式艺术品。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词frescoes，且首字母大写，故填Traditional。
【42题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：传统壁画固定在洞壁上，但我们利用专业知识将壁画变成了一件便携式艺术品。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to turn。
【43题详解】
考查形式宾语。句意：像秦这样的人觉得保护古代文化很重要。此处用it作形式宾语，动词不定式to protect ancient culture作真正的宾语，故填it。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：莫高窟是敦煌研究的中心。此处是介词of后的的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“敦煌研究”，指物作主语用what。故填what。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：敦煌研究院的数据显示，过去几年来，前往石窟的游客数量大幅增加。时间状语为over the past several years，句子用现在完成时，主语为the number of tourists，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has increased。
第五部分 作文(共两小节，满分40分)
第一节 写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校将邀请当地公安机关专业人员给学生进行一场关于网络安全教育的讲座。请你邀请好友Ted一起参加，内容包括：
1. 讲座时间和地点；2. 讲座的主要内容；3. 你的期待。
注意：1词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Ted,
I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in the lecture on network security, which will be organized in the school hall from 8:30 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on November 8th. It is mainly aimed at improving the awareness of Internet security of teachers and students in our school.
The lecture will be made by a network security expert from City Police Station, who will show us some cases in Internet scam. In addition, we will be taught some useful ways to protect us and our property. What’s more, we can also consult our problems about Internet security.
Undoubtedly, the lecture is a valuable opportunity for us. If you do not have any prior appointment on November 8th, we look forward to the pleasure of your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua


【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友Ted写封信，邀请他参加学校将邀请当地公安机关专业人员给学生进行的一场关于网络安全教育的讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
荣幸的：honored→privileged
参加：participate in→take part in
主要的：mainly→chiefly
宝贵的：valuable→precious
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undoubtedly, the lecture is a valuable opportunity for us.
拓展句：There is no doubt that the lecture is a valuable opportunity for us.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in the lecture on network security, which will be organized in the school hall from 8:30 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on November 8th. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It is mainly aimed at improving the awareness of Internet security of teachers and students in our school. (运用了动名词作宾语)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For years, I posted pictures of my grandson, cute animals and delicious dishes, and video clips of people’s funy behaviour and the like on Facebook. Moreover, I played a farm game or two on this popular social media site. I thought Facebook was for fun, but I never expected a post I saw on Facebook could have a significant impact on my life.
On November 12th, 2010, I was on my way to a conference by plane. Suddenly, I suffered a heart attack. Luckily, there were three doctors on board. In less than a minute, I was given first aid. I survived, but months later, I was still trying to come to terms with what had happened. So I began to record how I survived this incident as well as my ideas about life on Facebook daily, and started to care about Facebook posts that had nothing to do with fun.
One morning on March, 2011, I looked through my Facebook feed and saw a friend’s post. She wrote, “Let go of anything unrealistic and all activities that do not mirror your brightest intentions for yourself.” The words touched me greatly. That night, I copied them onto a clean piece of paper and taped it to my laptop.
Actually, I was crazy about farm games then. I, along with many of my friends, played FarmVille. But one little farm game was not enough for me. I thought I needed more farms, more crops, and more livestock. All were in virtual form,of course. I had five different farms in five different games. And I spent hours on my farms every day. While attending to my virtual farms one day I looked out of the window and noticed the empty land in our backyard.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then I looked at the words on the piece of paper taped to my laptop, lost in thought.
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Farming the real land was only the beginning, and I started to do more to enrich my real life.
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【答案】One possible version:
Then I looked at the words on the piece of paper taped to my laptop, lost in thought. I realized a funny fact. I planted and harvested virtual crops for hours every day while leaving the real land outside the window untouched. This was neither a meaningful life nor an activity that mirrored my highest intentions. How could I base my happiness on unreal goals? Inspired, I decided to stop playing farm games and focus on real life. To begin with, I farmed the land in our backyard actively.
Farming the real land was only the beginning, and I started to do more to enrich my real life. I walked my dog in the park, spent more time with my family, climbed mountains with my friends and attend various classes. These were activities that allowed me to make better use of my spare time and develop positive attitude. The sentence I had copied from that Facebook post became a mirror I used to examine how I should spend my time and energy, enabling me to live a healthier and richer life.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从沉迷于虚拟世界逐步转向专注现实生活的过程，并在参与很多现实生活的活动中，收获了很多。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后我看着贴在笔记本电脑上的那张纸上的字，陷入了沉思。”可知，第一段可描写作者沉思的内容和受到的启发。
②由第二段首句内容“在真正的土地上耕种只是一个开始，我开始做更多的事情来丰富我的现实生活。”可知，第二段可描写作者在现实生活中所做的一些事情。
2.续写线索：反思自己——虚拟世界——受到启发——专注现实——各种活动——收获感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①意识到： realize/be aware of/be conscious of
②收获：harvest/reap
③决定做某事：decide to do sth/be determined to do sth
情绪类
①受到鼓舞的：inspired/encouraged
②积极：positive attitude/act positively
【点睛】【高分句型1】This was neither a meaningful life nor an activity that mirrored my highest intentions.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】These were activities that allowed me to make better use of my spare time and develop positive attitude.(运用了that引导的定语从句)