上海市浦东新区华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份上海市浦东新区华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版），共30页。试卷主要包含了 A， D等内容，欢迎下载使用。

华东师大二附中2022学年第一学期12月阶段性检测
高一英语
(考试时间： 90分钟 满分：100分)
第一卷
I. Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.
1. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Customer and waitress.
C. Chef and kitchen helper. D. Doctor and patient.
2. A. On July 10. B. On July 11.
C. On July 8. D. On July 9.
3. A. He is economical in some aspects of his life.
B. He can afford the monthly rent of 2,000 pounds.
C. He is not satisfied with the location of the flat.
D. He wants to find a cheaper flat in downtown.
4. A. He is starving at the moment. B. He enjoys horse meat very much.
C. He doesn’t like drinking water. D. He feels sick for drinking too much.
5. A. Her laptop. B. Her handbag.
C. Her notebook. D. A table lamp.
6. A. The course will be very challenging. B. The poetry class is widely popular.
C. Dr. Green is an easy-going teacher. D. It’s a good choice to learn poetry.
7. A. Take moderate exercise. B. Decrease coffee intake.
C. Stop drinking coffee. D. Listen to soft music.
8. A. Whether she can return home safely. B. Whether she can take care of herself.
C. Whether she can travel by air. D. Whether she will completely recover.
9. A. The new actor greeted the actress with a loud cheer.
B. The audience paid little attention to the new actress.
C. The audience became thrilled when seeing the actor.
D. The actress was warmly welcomed by the audience.
10. A. She isn’t allowed to tell the students the exam results.
B. She has no idea when the exam results will be released.
C. Mr. Brown has been looking for his drawer key recently.
D. Mr. Brown doesn’t want others to touch the exam papers.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversations and the passages. The conversations and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. confident. B. Annoyed. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent.
12. A. Changing seasons. B. Kettles. C. Furniture. D. Laptops.
13. A. The ways of handling energy costs. B. The research on electricity bills.
C. The cost of working from home. D. The effects of energy costs.

Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They have stronger self-confidence.
B. They develop better study habits.
C. They have ambitious academic goals.
D. They are more likely to be engineers.
15. A. Praise and give in-depth responses to girls’ comments.
B. Encourage girls to solve problems with the help of boys.
C. Offer help when boys and girls are struggling with problems.
D. Respond more positively to boys’ comments.
16. A. Offer personalized teaching materials.
B. Create chances for girls to make contributions.
C. Place great emphasis on students’ test scores.
D. Provide a variety of interesting optional courses.
Question 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17. A. It will be produced with the help of Harvard University.
B. It will cover a variety of areas of science.
C. It will be hosted by different public speakers.
D. It will focus on the latest scientific fictions.
18. A. It will be more fact-based. B. It will be more educational.
C. It will be more trustworthy. D. It will be more entertaining.
19. A. Teenagers with strong curiosity.
B. Students majoring in science.
C People who are interested in science.
D. People who are fond of documentaries.
20. A. To sponsor the TV show. B. To film the first season.
C. To make a second season. D. To give financial advice.
II. Grammar (15%)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. He is the only one of the students who________ the winner of scholarship for 3 years.
A. have been B. is C. has been D. are
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他是这些学生中唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据 时间状语“for 3 years”可知，定语从句为现在完成时态；who指代先行词“the only one ”，在定语从句中作主语，为第三人称单数形式。故选C。
2. You probably can’t get much sleep if you live near __________ a wedding reception __________.
A. the place; is being held B. the place where; is being held
C. the place where; has been held D. which; has been held
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和时态语态。句意：如果你住在正举行婚礼招待会的地方附近，你可能睡不着觉。第一空可用限制性定语从句表达，先行词可用the place，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where；第二空hold是从句谓语动词，和从句主语a wedding reception是被动关系，现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时的被动语态，从句主语单数，从句谓语单数形式。故选B项。
3. The students have decided on a final date by which everyone ________ reading the books assigned by their professor.
A. finishes B. finished
C. have finished D. will have finished
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：学生们决定了最后的日期，到那时每个人都将读完教授布置的书。根据“a final date by which”可知，此处表示将来某个时间完成的动作，应该用将来完成时，故D项正确。
4. The theory he sticks to __________ to be of no use in his new work __________ he finds it hard to fit in.
A. is proved; where B. proves; with which
C. proves; to which D. prove; how
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句意：他坚持的理论，在他的新工作中证明是毫无用处的，他发现很难适应他的新工作。he sticks to是一个定语从句，修饰先行词The theory。prove用作联系动词时，含义是“被证明是”，一般来说，联系动词本身含有被动含义，所以不再用于被动语态；在一般现在时中，主语The theory是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数；______ he finds it hard to fit in.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词new work，fit in with适应，该短语是固定短语，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which，故选B。
5. Leaks from abandoned wells __________ a large number of public safety incidents over the years.
A. have been blamed for B. were blamed on
C. were blamed for D. have been blamed on
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，废弃油井的泄漏因大量的公共安全事故而被责备。be blamed for因……而被责备；be blamed on归咎于。结合句意可知，此处指“废弃油井的泄漏因大量的公共安全事故而被责备”，应用短语be blamed for，结合时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时，故选A。
6. Later in this chapter the case will be introduced to readers ______ consumers’ support became a stream of motivation for improvement of the company.
A. who B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：之后，在这章中，这种案例将会被介绍给读者，在这种案例中，消费者的支持变成了对于公司提升的一股激励的清泉。A. who谁，指代人；B. when什么时候，指代时间；C. which哪一个，指代物；D. where什么地方，指代地点。分析从句结构，主语consumers’ support消费者的支持，系动词became变成，表语a stream of motivation一股激励的清泉，结构完整，考虑关系副词。限制性定语从句修饰主句先行词case，在从句中作状语成分in the case，表示抽象地点，故选D。
7. Very few people understand his lessons, ________ is usually very complicated.
A. the subject of his B. the subject of what he said
C. the subject of which D. the subject of whom
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：很少有人能听懂他的课，因为课的主题通常都很复杂。分析句子，设空处是由介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中引导词指代前文的his lessons，为物，应用which；同时the subject of which表示的是“课程的主题”。故选C。
8. The last thirty years _____ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today we have reached a stage _____ we have almost no rights at all.
A. saw; which B. see; where
C. are seeing; in which D. have seen; where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句意：在过去的三十年里，我们看到了大量的法律阻止了我们的权利和进步。直到今天，我们已经达到了一个几乎没有任何权利的阶段。第一空表示过去的三十年见证了大量的法律阻止我们的权利和进步，应用现在完成时，故排除B、C；第二空为定语从句修饰先行词stage，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故选D。
9. Hardly __________ when the waitress __________ sweet mint tea and appetizers for them.
A. had the diners sat down; would serve B. the diners had sat down; served
C. had the diners sat down; served D. the diners had sat down; was serving
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：用餐者刚坐下，女服务员就端上了甜薄荷茶和开胃菜。had hardly done …when sth./sb. did意为“刚做完……这时……”，hardly放句首，主谓部分倒装，是固定句型，第一空谓语动词短语sit down (坐下)过去完成时，助动词had放在主语the diners前，第二空谓语动词serve (提供)一般过去时。故选C项。
10. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants ______ rich you are.
A. whatever, however B. no matter what, no matter how
C. whenever, however D. no matter when, no matter how
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句和状语从句。句意：无论你多么富有，给孩子他或她想要的任何东西都是不明智的。根据句意可知，give a child后缺少宾语从句引导词引导宾语从句，从句部分wants后缺少宾语，此处表示“任何东西”用连接代词whatever；“______ rich you are”部分为让步状语从句，表示“无论你多么富有”，可以用however rich you are或者no matter how rich you are。故选A项。
11. How long __________ the conflict between Japan and China comes to an end?
A. it will be since B. will it be until
C. will it be before D. will it be when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句式。句意：中日之间的冲突还需要多久才能结束？此处考查句型“it will be +some time before...”，为固定句式，意为“还要过多久才能……”，此处对时间提问，用疑问词how long引导特殊疑问句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。故选C项。
12. While hosting the Academy Awards, Billy Crystal always keeps a toothbrush with him __________ he started practicing stand-up as a child, he told himself jokes in front of the mirror, brushing his teeth.
A. because when B. because that C. when D. as
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查原因状语从句和时间状语从句。句意：在主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼时，比利·克里斯托总是随身带着一把牙刷，因为当他还是个孩子的时候就开始练习站立表演，他一边刷牙一边对着镜子给自己讲笑话。结合语境，__________ he started practicing stand-up as a child, he told himself jokes in front of the mirror, brushing his teeth是原因状语从句，应用because引导。且在该原因状语从句中，he started practicing stand-up as a child是时间状语从句，应用when引导，he told himself jokes in front of the mirror, brushing his teeth是主句。综上，故选A。
13. The existence of mirror neurons suggests that __________ we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action.
A. each time B. even if C. as though D. if only
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：镜像神经元的存在表明，每当我们看到别人做某事时，我们的大脑都会模仿，无论我们是否真的做了同样的动作。A. each time每次；B. even if即使；C. as though好像；D. if only要是……多好。结合句意可知，应该是每当我们看到别人做某事时，我们的大脑都会模仿，each time引导时间状语从句。故选A项。
14. _____ at first thought, practically every sentence you speak and write has never been spoken or written before.
A. Amazing as it may seem B. As it may seem amazing
C. As amazing it may seem D. It may seem as amazing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查as引导的让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管乍一想似乎有点神奇，但事实上你所说和写的每一个句子以前都没人用过。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处考查as引导的让步状语从句,且句子要部分倒装。引导此类从句的结构为：adj/adv/v/n+as+其它，选项中Amazing as it may seem符合该结构。故选A项。
15. Adults ________overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ________ children do not.
A. unless … but B. although … and
C. when … where D. even if … unless
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。句意：当成年人过度关注名利时，有时看不到简单事物中的快乐，而孩子们则不会如此。A. unless … but 除非…… 但是；B. although … and 尽管……和；C. when … where 时候…… 哪里；D. even if … unless甚至……除非。分析句子结构及结合句意可知，该句主句是 Adults, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things，其中间是一个时间状语从句，后面是一个定语从句；其中，时间状语从句省略句表示“当成年人过度关注名利时”，应该用连接副词when引导；定语从句（simple things ________ children do not fail to see the joy）中先行词是simple things，在从句中做地点状语，应该用关系副词where引导。故选C项。
III. Vocabulary (10%)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unwritten B. respectively C. staged D. expressions E. appreciation
F. instances G. responded H. unlike I. constructed J. initially K. frequency
Say Thank-You
To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist Simeon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands and his colleagues _____16_____ a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. They included English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as _____17_____ languages such as Cha’ palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, spoken in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, were regarded as interactions.
Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 _____18_____ of social interactions in which one person asked for something and another _____19_____.
They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in _____20_____, were remarkably rare, occurring just 5.5 percent of the time.
English and Italian speakers had slightly higher rates of gratitude expression—14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time, _____21_____, but still surprisingly low considering how polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so _____22_____ other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says.
Cha’ palaa speakers had the lowest _____23_____ of expressed gratitude, with zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense when you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”.
Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, a linguist (语言学家) who developed the _____24_____ language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson ______25______ considered to be unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word to express gratitude,” he says.
【答案】16. C 17. A
18. F 19. G
20. E 21. B
22. H 23. K
24. I 25. J
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项涵盖五大洲和八种语言的大型跨文化研究：人们在日常生活中是如何表达感激之情的。口头和非口头的，如微笑或点头，都被视为感激的一种表达。但研究发现每种文化中，人们都会完成请求，但表达感激之情，比如说“谢谢”或点头表示赞赏，却非常罕见，并对一些典型数据进行了列举和分析。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了更好地理解人们在日常生活中是如何表达感激之情的，荷兰马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所的人类学家西蒙·弗洛伊德（Simeon Floyd）和他的同事们进行了一项大型的跨文化研究，涉及五大洲和八种语言。分析可知，设空为句子的谓语动词，且为一般过去时，因此所选应是动词且为过去式形式。结合后文宾语“a large, cross-cultural study(一个大型的跨文化研究)”可推知，所选动词表达“开展，进行”含义。选项C“staged”为动词过去式，意为“主办，举行”，符合分析。故选C项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些语言包括英语、意大利语、波兰语、俄语和老挝语，以及一些不成文的语言，比如厄瓜多尔的Cha’ palaa语、澳大利亚北部的Murrinh-Patha语和加纳的Siwu语。分析可知，空后“languages”为名词，所选应是形容词作其定语。结合后文“such as Cha’ palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, spoken in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana(比如厄瓜多尔的Cha’ palaa语，澳大利亚北部的Murrinh-Patha语，以及加纳的Siwu语)”可知，这里的列举的语言都是口语语言，无书面形式，即，“非书写语言”。选项A“unwritten”，可作形容词，意为“非书面的，不成文的”，符合分析。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：弗洛伊德的团队在家庭和社区设置了摄像头，并捕捉了1500多个社交互动的实例，其中一个人提出要求，另一个人回应。根据空前的数量词“1,500”可推知，所选应是名词复数。结合后文“social interactions(交往，社交互动)”可推知，应是收集了1500个案例或事例。选项F“instances”为名词复数，意为“例子”，符合分析。故选F项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：弗洛伊德的团队在家庭和社区设置了摄像头，并捕捉了1500多个社交互动的实例，其中一个人提出要求，另一个人回应。分析可知，设空为后文的谓语动词，且为过去时。与前文中的“asked for(请求，要求)”相呼应，这里应是“回答，回复”。选项G“responded”为动词过去式形式，意为“回复，回答”，符合分析。故选G项。
【20题详解】
考查名词和固定短语。句意：他们发现，在每种文化中，人们都会完成请求，但表达感激之情，比如说“谢谢”或点头表示感谢，却非常罕见，只占5.5%。分析前后语境可知，设空应是与“gratitude(感激之情；感谢)”表达含义相同，且结合空前介词“in”可推知，应是名词。选项E“appreciation”为名词，意为“感激，感谢”，符合分析。故选E项。
【21题详解】
考查副词。句意：弗洛伊德说，说英语和说意大利语的人表达感激的比例略高，分别为14.5%和13.5%，但考虑到西方人认为他们是多么有礼貌，这一比例仍然低得令人惊讶。分析可知，设空应是副词在句中作状语。结合空前的“English and Italian speakers had slightly higher rates of gratitude expression – 14.5 percent and 13.5 per cent of the time(说英语和意大利语的人表达感激的比例略高，为14.5%和13.5%)”表达可推知，所选词表达“分别为，各自地”。选项B“respectively”为副词，意为“分别，各自”，符合分析。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他说：“说英语的人与其他人没什么不同，他们通常不喜欢在非正式场合表达感激之情。”分析可知，空前“are”为系动词，所选应是形容词。根据后文“often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts(通常不喜欢在非正式场合表达感激之情)”可推知，说英语的人不喜欢在非正式场合表达出“感谢”，这是与其他人不一样。因此可知，所选形容词表达“不一样，不同”含义。选项H“unlike”，作形容词时意为“不像，不同”，符合分析。故选H项。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：说Cha’ palaa语的人表达感激的频率最低，在96次记录的互动中没有一个例子。分析可知，空前“the lowest”为形容词最高级，作定语修饰名词。因此，所选应是名词。根据后文“with zero examples in 96 recorded interactions(在96次记录的互动中没有任何例子)”可知，这里在讲述说Cha’ palaa语的人在互动中表达感谢的频率最低。选项K“frequency”，为名词，意为“频率”，符合分析。故选K项。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：语言学家大卫·彼得森（David Peterson）也对这一发现感到惊讶，他为电视剧《权力的游戏》开发了多斯拉克语。分析可知，所选的词应是作定语，修饰名词“language”。根据后文“Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones(电视剧《权力的游戏》的多斯拉克语)”可知，这种语言是专门为该电视剧所设计的。选项I“constructed”为动词“construct(创立)”的过去分词形式，可作定语修饰，表达与所修饰名词之间的被动关系，符合语境。故选I项。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：它也没有感谢的字眼，彼得森最初认为这是不可能的。分析可知，所选应是副词作状语。结合后文“I thought that you had to have a word to express gratitude(我原以为你必须用一个词来表达感激之情)”可知，Peterson原以为在《权力的游戏》这部剧中会有“感谢”之类的表达，但其实没有，这与他最初的想法不一样。选项J“initially”为副词，意为“起初，最初”，符合分析。故选J项。
IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Give Solar the Green Light
Are fields full of solar panels (太阳能电池板) a bad thing for England’s green and pleasant land? Some figures at the top of the UK government certainly think so.
“I think one of the most _____26_____ sights when you’re driving through England is seeing fields that should be full of crops or livestock full of solar panels,” said Liz Truss, then UK prime minister, in August. “_____27_____ lands … should be used for food production.”
This is an issue in many other countries too. China, _____28_____, is reportedly considering a ban (禁令) on _____29_____ on farmland and in forests. In England, existing rules already _____30_____ solar farms on the most productive agricultural land. Nevertheless, the UK government was reportedly planning to effectively ban them on most English farmland.
With Rishi Sunak, who has previously criticized solar farms on farmland, now having replaced Truss, it is unclear whether the UK government will _____31_____ the ban nationwide as planned, but _____32_____ of solar on farmland must know three things.
First, a lot of food is being turned into biofuels — even though food-based biofuels increase greenhouse emissions, harm biodiversity and _____33_____ food prices.
Second, plants aren’t great at  _____34_____ solar energy. Crops typically turn less than 1 per cent of the solar energy that hits them into useable biofuel, whereas solar panels ______35______ about 20 per cent of light energy into electricity.
Third, farming is very polluting, ______36______ a third of global greenhouse gas emissions as well as many other pollutants. In the UK in 2020, 121,000 hectares were used to grow crops for producing heat, electricity or biofuels ______37______ food. That is five times as much as the 23,000 hectares covered by ground-mounted solar.
To see which is a better use of land, let’s ______38______ what we get from solar panels and biofuels. Per year, a hectare of wheat can produce enough bioethanol (生物乙醚) for a car to drive around 23,000 kilometres, Simon Evans at the climate site Carbon Brief has calculated. A hectare of solar, by contrast, can produce enough electricity in a ______39______ for an electric car to drive 2,570,000 kilometres. So a hectare of solar gets you 50 to 110 times further — and with much less pollution along the way. This is why it makes no sense ______40______ or environmentally to ban solar on farms, while continuing to allow farms to grow foods and turn them into biofuels.
26. A. unlikely B. rare C. impressive D. depressing
27. A. Agricultural B. Empty C. Unused D. Native
28. A. as a result B. on the contrary C. on the other hand D. for instance
29. A. crops B. solar C. livestock D. pollutants
30. A. expand B. exert C. exclude D. exploit
31. A. enforce B. intend C. survive D. suffer
32. A. advocates B. opponents C. neutralists D. politicians
33. A. drive down B. push up C. bid up D. hold on
34. A. producing B. consuming C. capturing D. supplying
35. A. put B. throw C. pressure D. convert
36. A. competing for B. responsible for C. allowing for D. calling for
37. A. rather than B. in spite of C. due to D. out of
38. A. analyze B. assess C. evaluate D. compare
39. A. month B. week C. year D. decade
40. A. economically B. mathematically C. spiritually D. chemically
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在英格兰的农田上建造太阳能发电厂受到了攻击，许多国家对这问题也非常关注；作者在文中列举了三个原因说明禁止在农田上建造太阳能发电厂在经济上和环境上都没有意义。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我认为，当你开车穿过英格兰时，最令人沮丧的景象之一就是看到本该长满庄稼或者牲畜的田地里全是太阳能电池板。”去年8月，时任英国首相的Liz Truss说：“农业用地……应该用于粮食生产。”A. unlikely不太可能的；B. rare少见的；C. impressive给人印象深刻的；D. depressing令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的。根据第一段“Are fields full of solar panels (太阳能电池板) a bad thing for England’s green and pleasant land? Some figures at the top of the UK government certainly think so.”可知，此段提到Liz Truss是为了举例说明英国政府的一些高层人士反对在田地里建造太阳能发电厂；结合句中“seeing fields that should be full of crops or livestock full of solar panels”可知，Liz Truss反对在农田里建造太阳能发电厂，她认为本该长满庄稼或者牲畜的田地里全是太阳能电池板这一景象是令人沮丧、失望的。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我认为，当你开车穿过英格兰时，最令人沮丧的景象之一就是看到本该长满庄稼或者牲畜的田地里全是太阳能电池板。”去年8月，时任英国首相的Liz Truss说：“农业用地……应该用于粮食生产。” A. Agricultural农业的；B. Empty空的；C. Unused没用着的，闲着的；D. Native本地出生的。根据上文“fields that should be full of crops or livestock full of solar panels”以及空后“should be used for food production”可知，Liz Truss反对在农田里安装满太阳能电池板，她认为农业用地就应该用于粮食生产。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：例如，据报道，中国正在考虑禁止在农田和森林中建造太阳能发电厂。A. as a result因此，结果；B. on the contrary与此相反；C. on the other hand另一方面；D. for instance例如。由上文“This is an issue in many other countries too.”可知，此句中以中国为例来说明许多国家考虑禁止在农田建造太阳能发电厂这一问题。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，据报道，中国正在考虑禁止在农田和森林中建造太阳能发电厂。A. crops农作物；B. solar太阳能；C. livestock牲畜；D. pollutants污染物。根据上文“_____2_____ lands … should be used for food production”、“This is an issue in many other countries too.”以及下文“In England, existing rules already _____5_____ solar farms on the most productive agricultural land. Nevertheless, the UK government was reportedly planning to effectively ban them on most English farmland.”可知，此句以中国为例说明许多国家考虑禁止在农田里建造太阳能发电厂。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在英格兰，现有的规定已经将太阳能农场排除在最高产的农业用地之外。A. expand扩大，增加；B. exert运用，施加（影响）；C. exclude不包括，把……排除在外；D. exploit剥削，利用。根据下文“Nevertheless, the UK government was reportedly planning to effectively ban them on most English farmland.”可知，在英格兰现有规定禁止在高产农业用地上建造太阳能发电厂，即不得把最高产的农田纳入发展太阳能用地中，exclude“不包括，把……排除在外”符合语境。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于之前批评农田太阳能发电厂的Rishi Sunak现在取代了Truss，目前尚不清楚英国政府是否会按计划在全国范围内执行禁令，但农田太阳能的反对者必须知道三件事。A. enforce实施，执行；B. intend打算，想要；C. survive幸存；D. suffer受苦，遭受。根据上文“the UK government was reportedly planning to effectively ban them on most English farmland”以及句中的“With Rishi Sunak,…now having replaced Truss”可知，此句是指Rishi Sunak接替Truss成为英国首相，农田太阳能农场的禁令是否按照计划执行尚不清楚。enforce“实施，执行”符合语境。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于之前批评农田太阳能发电厂的Rishi Sunak现在取代了Truss，目前尚不清楚英国政府是否会按计划在全国范围内执行禁令，但农田太阳能的反对者必须知道三件事。A. advocates拥护者，提倡者；B. opponents对手，反对者；C. neutralists中立主义者；D. politicians政治家。根据空前的转折词“but”以及下文“This is why it makes no sense economically or environmentally to ban solar on farms, while continuing to allow farms to grow foods and turn them into biofuels.”可知，下文三件事说明禁止农田建太阳能，继续让农田种植作物并将其转化为生物燃料，在经济上和环境上都没有意义；由此可知，这三点是告诉那些反对在农田建太阳能发电厂的人，种作物在经济上和环境上都没有意义。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：首先，许多粮食正在被转化为生物燃料——尽管以粮食为基础的生物燃料增加了温室气体排放，损害了生物多样性并推高了粮食价格。A. drive down降低，减少；B. push up推动 （价值、数量）上升；C. bid up哄抬价格；D. hold on（电话用语）别挂断，坚持住。根据空前的“even though food-based biofuels increase greenhouse emissions, harm biodiversity and”可知，此句阐述了许多粮食被转化为生物燃料所带来的问题，而且大量粮食被转化为生物燃料必然会导致粮食价格上涨；push up“推动……上升/上涨”符合语境。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其次，植物并不擅长捕捉太阳能。A. producing生产；B. consuming花费，消耗；C. capturing捕获；D. supplying供应。根据下文“Crops typically turn less than 1 per cent of the solar energy that hits them into useable biofuel”可知，照射到农作物太阳能通常只有不到1%能转化为可用的生物燃料，由此可知，农作物从太阳能中获取并转化的能量很少，植物并不擅长捕获太阳能。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：农作物通常将照射到它们身上的不到1%的太阳能转化为可用的生物质能，而太阳能电池板将大约20%的光能转化为电能。A. put放；B. throw投，掷，抛；C. pressure 对……施加压力，强迫；D. convert（使）转变。根据空前的“Crops typically turn less than 1 per cent of the solar energy that hits them into useable biofuel”以及连词“whereas”可知，此句将农作物与太阳能电池板对光能的转化能力进行了对比，农作物通常将照射到它们身上的不到1%的太阳能转化为可用的生物质能，而太阳能电池板将大约20%的光能转化为电能。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：第三，农业污染严重，造成了全球三分之一的温室气体排放以及许多其他污染物。A. competing for竞争；B. responsible for是……的原由；为……负责；C. allowing for考虑到，把……计算在内；D. calling for需要，（公开）要求。根据句中的“farming is very polluting”可知，农业污染是造成全球三分之一温室气体排放以及许多其他污染物的原因；responsible for“引起……，是……的原因”符合语境。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：2020年，英国有12.1万公顷土地用于种植供热、发电或生物燃料作物，而不是粮食作物。A. rather than而不是；B. in spite of尽管；C. due to因为；D. out of出于。根据句中的“to grow crops for producing heat, electricity or biofuels”下文“That is five times as much as the 23,000 hectares covered by ground-mounted solar.”可知，大量农田种植作物都是用于生产热能、电力或生物燃料，而不是为了获取食物。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了了解哪一种是更好地利用土地，让我们比较一下太阳能电池板和生物燃料。A. analyze分析；B. assess评价，估价；C. evaluate评价，评估，估值；D. compare比较。根据上文“To see which is a better use of land”、下文“Per year, a hectare of wheat can produce enough bioethanol (生物乙醚) for a car to drive around 23,000 kilometres”以及“A hectare of solar, by contrast, can produce enough electricity in a _____14_____ for an electric car to drive 2,570,000 kilometres. So a hectare of solar gets you 50 to 110 times further — and with much less pollution along the way.”可知，作者将每年一公顷小麦所生产的生物乙醚与一公顷太阳能电池板所产生的电进行了比较。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，一公顷的太阳能在一年内产生的电力足以让一辆电动汽车行驶257万公里。A. month月；B. week星期，周；C. year年；D. decade十年。根据上文“Per year, a hectare of wheat can produce enough bioethanol (生物乙醚) for a car to drive around 23,000 kilometres”以及下文“So a hectare of solar gets you 50 to 110 times further — and with much less pollution along the way.”可知，作者是将一年内一公顷小麦所生产的生物乙醚与一公顷太阳能电池板所产生的电进行了比较。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么禁止在农田里建太阳能发电厂，而是继续允许农场种植作物并将其转化为生物燃料，在经济上和环境上都没有意义的原因。A. economically在经济上；B. mathematically算术地，数学上地；C. spiritually在精神上地；D. chemically以化学方法。根据上文“So a hectare of solar gets you 50 to 110 times further — and with much less pollution along the way.”可知，在农田里继续种植作物、禁止建造太阳能发电厂在经济上和环保上都是不划算的。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Tia Wimbush and Susan Ellis have been co-workers for a decade, and while they didn’t know each other well, they had a lot in common, both working in information technology at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and both dealing with the same medical stress at home: their spouses each needed a kidney transplant, and while Wimbush could have given her husband one of hers, she wasn’t an ideal match. Ellis, meanwhile, was no match at all for her husband.
One day, in the fall of 2020, the women saw each other in the office restroom and started chatting, lamenting that patients can wait five or more years for their name to come up on the national kidney cadaver donor waiting list. Both women worried their husbands didn’t have that kind of time.
Wimbush asked Ellis what her husband’s blood type was. He’s type O, Ellis replied.
Wimbush then said that her husband was type AB.
The women paused for a moment and looked at each other.
“I told Susan, ‘Wait a second-what are the odds that we’re both going through this with our husbands at the same time and we could also be in a position to help them?’” Wimbush says. “That’s when we both knew: We had to get tested.”
So they did. Antibody tests revealed that each woman was an excellent match for the other’s spouse. And in March 2021, seven months after that chance conversation, Tia Wimbush donated one of her kidneys to Lance Ellis, and Susan Ellis donated one of hers to Rodney Wimbush.
Christina Klein, a nephrologist and medical director of Piedmont Atlanta Hospital’s kidney transplant program, says it is extremely rare for two people to propose their own paired organ exchange and actually be a match for each other. “I’ve personally never seen this happen,” Dr. Klein says. “When we put pairs into large databases for national paired exchange programs, some pairs wait months or even years for a compatible match.”
The couples first met a few days before the surgeries when they came to the hospital for a final round of testing. Before that, they had chatted on FaceTime a bit. The surgeries lasted about three to four hours each and were a success, with no complications.
“It’s really just a story about simple kindness,” Susan Ellis says. “For us, it started with two people just being good humans. Now we’d like to tell people they can do the same.”
Rodney Wimbush says he will be forever grateful that his wife decided to bring up a conversation about blood types in the office restroom. “Susan and Lance are going to come with us to North Carolina for our son’s first college football game,” his wife adds. “I guess you could say we’ve skipped the friendship. We’re family now.”
41. Tia Wimbush and Susan Ellis shared all the following EXCEPT that __________.
A. they worked in IT department B. their spouses were in need of a kidney transplant
C. their spouses’ blood types were type O D. they were good-hearted and unselfish
42. The underlined word lamenting in paragraph two is closest in meaning to __________.
A. emphasizing the importance B. expressing the disappointment
C. admitting the incapability D. accepting the fact
43. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.
A. it was a planned conversation that contributed to the kidney donation of Tia and Susan
B. Dr. Klein was amazed that two acquaintances should donate their organs to each other’s spouse
C. the couples didn’t chat until they went to the hospital for a final round of testing
D. Susan and Lance invited Rodney and Tia to watch their son’s football match in college
44. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. We are a match. B. Friends develop into relatives.
C. Patient waiting pays off. D. Rare surgeries a great success.
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. C 44. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tia Wimbush和Susan Ellis在一次交谈中发现彼此的丈夫可以互相捐赠器官，并进行了移植手术。文章讲述了事情的起因经过。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Wimbush asked Ellis what her husband’s blood type was. He’s type O, Ellis replied. (温布什问埃利斯她丈夫的血型是什么。他是O型血，埃利斯回答)”以及第四段“Wimbush then said that her husband was type AB.(温布希接着说，她丈夫是AB型血)”可知，C选项“他们的配偶是O型血”不是分享的内容。故选C。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Both women worried their husbands didn’t have that kind of time.(两个女人都担心她们的丈夫没有那么多时间)”以及“patients can wait five or more years for their name to come up on the national kidney cadaver donor waiting list(患者可能要等上五年或更长时间，他们的名字才会出现在全国捐赠者的等待名单上)”可知，后文提到患者要等上五年，而她们的丈夫没有那么多时间了，所以他们在表达失望，B选项“表达失望”和划线词意思最接近。故选B。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The couples first met a few days before the surgeries when they came to the hospital for a final round of testing. Before that, they had chatted on FaceTime a bit.(这对夫妇在手术前几天第一次见面，当时他们来到医院进行最后一轮测试。在那之前，他们在FaceTime上聊了一会儿)”可推知，这对夫妇直到去医院做最后一轮检查才开始聊天。故选C。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ “I guess you could say we’ve skipped the friendship. We’re family now.”(“我想你可以说我们已经跳过了友谊。我们现在是一家人了。”)”以及文章主要讲述了Tia Wimbush和Susan Ellis在一次交谈中发现彼此的丈夫可以互相捐赠器官，并进行了移植手术。文章讲述了事情的起因经过。可知，B选项“朋友会面发展成亲人”最符合文章标题。故选B。
(B)
Armed with a toolkit of techniques and tricks to calm the mind and bring focus back to your body, you can stop stressful situations from sabotaging your day, says Katy Georgiou.
GROUND YOURSELF
Making contact with the ground is your baseline go-to response for stress. This technique can be especially helpful if you find your stress regularly turns into panic. Wherever you are, whatever you’re doing, place your feet flat on the ground so that you feel stable, and then close your eyes. If you’re able to sit on the floor cross-legged or to lie down flat, then even better.
Think of this as earthing: really connect with the ground beneath your body. Some studies suggest that this simple act can help reduce or relieve symptoms of stress such as pain and fatigue, reduce blood pressure, and improve sleep. If you’re feeling disconnected from the world, it can also remind you that you belong to it and are a crucial part of it — the ground will always be there for you.
LOVE THYSELF
Adopting regular, daily or weekly routines for self-care can be very containing, creating consistency amid all sorts of stressful life events happening around you. Looking in the mirror each day can actually remind you that you exist, so feel free to factor some reflective gazing into your daily routine, whether it’s while applying moisturiser, shaving, or brushing your hair. Studies have shown that being confronted with your reflection can have powerful effects, taking us out of our heads and into the immediate present. For added effect, pay attention to the way your products interact with your hair and skin as you apply them.
Playing around with smells, colours and textures in your hands will also engage your senses. Using a scented shampoo or smoothing on body lotion after a warm bath can be easy ways to do this.
CLEAR YOUR MIND
Abandon all your thoughts and try to focus only on your surroundings. What can you see, hear, smell, taste and touch? Identify three things you can hear, one thing you can taste, four things you can see and two things you can feel on your skin. Pick out colours in the room you are sitting in, notice textures and different kinds of light. If somebody is with you, tell them what you are experiencing. The point here is that your senses are your best and easiest route back to feeling calm, by coming out of your head and rooting yourself back in the present. This is incredibly helpful if you’re having a panic attack or flop response.
45. If your friend Jane always feels worn out and suffers from sleep deprivation, which of the following techniques will you especially recommend to her?
A. Connect her body to the ground beneath her.
B. Adopt a daily gaze at her reflection in the mirror.
C. Exchange her scentless shampoo for an aromatic one.
D. Focus on what she can see, hear, smell, taste and touch.
46. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Lying down flat can better relieve your stress.
B. Grounding yourself can give you a sense of belonging to the world.
C. Brushing your hair while looking in the mirror can remind you of your existence.
D. Those having a panic attack should shut their senses down.
47. The passage is intended to __________.
A. help people understand themselves better
B. introduce some practical methods for stress management
C. emphasize the significance of exploiting multiple senses
D. promote a mindset of living in the moment
【答案】45. A 46. D 47. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阻止有压力的情况破坏你的一天，管理压力的实用方法。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“Think of this as earthing: really connect with the ground beneath your body. Some studies suggest that this simple act can help reduce or relieve symptoms of stress such as pain and fatigue, reduce blood pressure, and improve sleep. (把它想象成接地：真正与你身体下面的地面相连。一些研究表明，这种简单的行为可以帮助减轻或缓解压力症状，如疼痛和疲劳，降低血压，改善睡眠)”可知，与地面接触有助于缓解疲劳、改善睡眠，如果朋友Jane总是觉得疲惫不堪，睡眠不足，“建议她把身体连接到她下面的地面上”对她有效。故选A项。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的“Think of this as earthing: really connect with the ground beneath your body. Some studies suggest that this simple act can help reduce or relieve symptoms of stress such as pain and fatigue, reduce blood pressure, and improve sleep. (把它想象成接地：真正与你身体下面的地面相连。一些研究表明，这种简单的行为可以帮助减轻或缓解压力症状，如疼痛和疲劳，降低血压，改善睡眠)”可知，A项“平躺可以更好地缓解压力”正确；由第三段中的“If you’re feeling disconnected from the world, it can also remind you that you belong to it and are a crucial part of it — the ground will always be there for you. (如果你感到与这个世界脱节，与地面接触也会提醒你，你属于这个世界，是其中至关重要的一部分——地面永远在那里)” 可知，B项“躺地可以让你对这个世界有一种归属感”正确；由第四段中的“Looking in the mirror each day can actually remind you that you exist (每天照镜子实际上可以提醒你自己的存在)”可知，C项“照镜子时梳头可以提醒你自己的存在”正确；D项“那些恐慌发作的人应该关闭他们的感官”未提及。故选D项。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“Armed with a toolkit of techniques and tricks to calm the mind and bring focus back to your body, you can stop stressful situations from sabotaging your day, says Katy Georgiou. (Katy Georgiou说，有了一套技巧和窍门，你可以平静下来，把注意力重新集中到身体上，你就可以阻止有压力的情况破坏你的一天)”，三个小标题，再第二段的“Making contact with the ground is your baseline go-to response for stress. (与地面接触是你应对压力的底线)”和第四段中的“Adopting regular, daily or weekly routines for self-care can be very containing, creating consistency amid all sorts of stressful life events happening around you. (采用定期、每天或每周的日常生活方式进行自我护理可以非常克制，在你周围发生的各种压力生活事件中保持一致)”可知，文章介绍了阻止有压力的情况破坏你的一天，管理压力的实用方法。故选B项。
(C)
As is the fate of anyone running a hotel in Kerala these days, Bijoy George is a man with too much to do. Before pandemic-caused lockdowns began in 2020, he managed 40 employees at the Eighth Bastion Hotel in the charming historic quarter of Kochi, a bustling coastal city. Now that business is back to pre-covid levels he needs the same number of staff again. But he has only 20 workers. His plight is shared with every other hotel, café and bar. It is a result of the state’s hospitality (招待) employees moving all together in large numbers to Qatar, not to watch football but to take up employment tied to the World Cup.
As the start of the competition approaches on November 20th, workers are quitting at a rate Mr. George says he has never seen in his 22 years in the business. Qatar, a country with a population of under 3m, will have welcomed more than 1.5m visitors before the matches conclude on December 18th. That means finding staff to run all the new hotels that have been built along with other venues that have been pressed into service to profit from the sports fans.
Kerala has long been a significant source of hospitality workers for Qatar and other Middle Eastern countries. Its state government provides good schools with English-language instruction but few jobs. More than 2m people, 17% of its working population, already work overseas, largely in the Gulf.
The appeal of Qatar is straightforward. Starting salaries approach $1,000 a month, more than six times the level for similar jobs in Kerala. To replace those who have left, Kerala’s employers have been casting their nets wider. Recruiters have been extending their searches to many other Indian cities. But that means the most common word on name-tags pinned to the breast pockets of workers is “trainee”.
Among the many skills that need to be taught, says Mr. George, is smiling at customers — the failure to do so a result of shyness among those new to the workforce. The danger is that after a week or so when confidence grows, even these employees may slip away to the Gulf.
Most contracts run for three months, concluding at the end of December, not long after the World Cup final. Returning workers will be welcomed back with open arms. Filling the gaps is even more important as Indian tourism and weddings have restarted. The reunions, though, may be short-lived. The game these workers will have learned from the World Cup is how to be paid better. That means leaving India.
48. The underlined sentence in paragraph one implies that __________.
A. other hotels, cafes and bars will share Bijoy’s 20 employees
B. other hotels, cafes and bars will have to lay off some workers
C. other hotels, cafes and bars also send the workers to Qatar
D. other hotels, cafes and bars also find it hard to employ enough workers
49. Which of the following DOESN’T contribute to hospitality workers in Kerala taking up jobs in Qatar?
A. Millions of tourists have to be served during the World Cup.
B. Hospitality workers are in high demand with new hotels and venues open for business in Qatar.
C Qatar provides good education and English training for potential workers in Kerala.
D. The salaries of similar jobs in Kerala are much lower than those in Qatar.
50. Which of the following difficulties do Kerala’s employers face due to lack of workers?
A. Kerala’s employers have to take on new employees in Asian cities.
B. Many of the new employees will pin their name tags to their breast pockets.
C. The new employees will not greet the customers as a result of shyness.
D. The new employees may soon follow the trend of going to the Gulf.
51. What makes the reunions between Indian workers and employers probably a short-lived one?
A. Jobs outside India can provide Indian workers with a more decent life.
B. It will soon be the off season for Indian tourism and weddings.
C. Another grand occasion will soon begin in the Gulf.
D. The workers only sign short-term contracts with the employers in India.
【答案】48. D 49. C 50. D 51. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，疫情结束后，喀拉拉邦酒店营业恢复到疫情前水平，需要疫情前同样数量的员工，但由于该地区酒店业员工大量搬到卡塔尔的结果（为了从事与世界杯相关的工作），难以招到人手，喀拉拉邦采取措施，招聘短期合同工以满足卡塔尔世界杯期间的工作需求。
【48题详解】
词句猜测题。由第一段中的“Now that business is back to pre-covid levels he needs the same number of staff again. But he has only 20 workers. His plight is shared with every other hotel, café and bar. It is a result of the state’s hospitality (招待) employees moving all together in large numbers to Qatar, not to watch football but to take up employment tied to the World Cup. (现在业务已经恢复到新冠疫情前的水平，他再次需要同样数量的员工。但他只有20名工人。His plight is shared with every other hotel, café and bar. 这是该州酒店业员工大量搬到卡塔尔的结果，他们不是为了看足球，而是为了从事与世界杯相关的工作)”可知，疫情结束后，喀拉拉邦酒店营业恢复到疫情前水平，需要疫情前同样数量的员工，但由于该地区酒店业员工大量搬到卡塔尔的结果（为了从事与世界杯相关的工作），Bijoy George经营的酒店和其它酒店等机构难以招到人手，画线句意为“其他酒店、咖啡馆和酒吧也发现很难雇佣足够的员工”。故选D项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Qatar, a country with a population of under 3m, will have welcomed more than 1.5m visitors before the matches conclude on December 18th. That means finding staff to run all the new hotels that have been built along with other venues that have been pressed into service to profit from the sports fans. (卡塔尔是一个人口不到300万的国家，在12月18日世界杯比赛结束前，卡塔尔将迎来150多万游客。这意味着要找到员工来管理所有新建的酒店，以及其他被迫投入服务以从体育迷那里获利的场馆)”，和第四段中的“The appeal of Qatar is straightforward. Starting salaries approach $1,000 a month, more than six times the level for similar jobs in Kerala. (卡塔尔的吸引力显而易见。起薪接近每月1000美元，是喀拉拉邦类似工作水平的六倍多)”可知，“世界杯期间要接待数以百万计的游客”，“随着卡塔尔新酒店和场所的开业，酒店员工的需求量很大”和“喀拉拉邦类似工作的薪低于卡塔尔”对喀拉拉邦的酒店员工在卡塔尔工作有帮助，C项“卡塔尔为喀拉拉邦的潜在工人提供良好的教育和英语培训”表述有误，对其无帮助。故选C项。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“The danger is that after a week or so when confidence grows, even these employees may slip away to the Gulf. (危险在于，一周左右后，当信心增强时，即使是这些员工也可能前往海湾地区)”可知，喀拉拉邦的雇主雇佣其它印度城市的员工，把他们培训好后，这些新员工可能很快就会追随去海湾地区工作的潮流。故选D项。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“The reunions, though, may be short-lived. The game these workers will have learned from the World Cup is how to be paid better. That means leaving India. (不过，重聚可能是短暂的。这些工人将从世界杯中学到的技巧是如何获得更好的报酬。这意味着要离开印度)”可知，印度以外的工作可以为印度工人提供更好的报酬、更体面的生活，所以印度工人会离开印度，他们和雇主之间的团聚可能是短暂的。故选A项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Four-day Work Week
If Liz Truss can reduce a whole premiership to seven weeks, why can’t a standard working week be squashed into something shorter? A six-month pilot (试点) scheme, in which around 3,300 workers from 70 companies are testing out a four-day workweek, is due to conclude this month. _____52_____ Like previous such experiments, it is likely to be praised as a success. A mid-point survey by the trial’s organisers — researchers at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and Boston College — found that the transition had worked well for 88% of surveyed companies.
_____53_____ In particular a four-day week forces firms to think harder about time management. Most businesses in the trial have encouraged employees to leave meetings when they are not contributing, and to be more selective about accepting invitations. Daryl Hine of Stellar, an asset-management company in London, calls this a “diary detox”. This also extends to reducing commutes.
Of the participating organisations 46% reported maintaining overall output at the same level, and 49% said it had improved. _____54_____ Its HR department has goals for response time to emails; its staff are given so-called net promoter scores, which track how colleagues rate their services. On both counts, they have made “rare” leaps, says Sharon Platts, the company’s chief people officer. Participants say that their employees feel more motivated.
Becoming a four-day operation can be hard in a five-day world, however. Bookishly, an online shop, chose Wednesdays off to avoid having three days in a row when packages are not mailed out; people are warned about the new schedule before they order. _____55_____
More tests are on the horizon. In January South Cambridge shire District Council will become the first British local authority to try out a four-day week. The lessons learned are likely to be valuable even if the idea does not spread.
A. Sceptics might observe that the companies involved are self-selecting.
B. Advocates say a shorter week delivers a better work-life balance without hurting overall output.
C. The trial’s largest company, Outcomes First Group, tracks indicators for its 1,027 participating employees.
D. The scheme holds useful lessons about productivity.
E. Platten’s, a fish-and-chip shop in Norfolk, gives its 50-or-so employees two days on and two days off to cover the week.
F. But customers are not always prepared to wait, so most firms in the scheme have tried to spread staff more thinly.
【答案】52. B 53. D 54. C 55. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了世界各地许多公司都开始尝试四天工作制，并取得了不错的结果。不过，要全面贯彻这一工作制度，目前还有很多的困难。
【52题详解】
上文“A six-month pilot (试点) scheme, in which around 3,300 workers from 70 companies are testing out a four-day workweek, is due to conclude this month. (一项为期六个月的试点计划将于本月结束，来自70家公司的约3300名员工正在测试每周四天的工作制)”介绍了缩短一周（四天工作制）的计划，对应B选项中“a shorter week”，下文“Like previous such experiments, it is likely to be praised as a success. A mid-point survey by the trial’s organisers — researchers at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and Boston College — found that the transition had worked well for 88% of surveyed companies. (与以前的此类实验一样，它很可能会被誉为成功。试验组织者——牛津大学、剑桥大学和波士顿学院的研究人员——进行的一项中点调查发现，88%的受访公司的过渡效果良好。)”用科学研究证明缩短一周（四天工作制）计划的成效，该空应承接上下文讲缩短一周（四天工作制）计划的可能好处，B选项“支持者表示，更短的一周可以在不影响整体产出的情况下更好地平衡工作与生活。”切题。故选B项。
53题详解】
由第二段下文“In particular a four-day week forces firms to think harder about time management. (特别是一周工作四天迫使公司更加认真地考虑时间管理)”，“Daryl Hine of Stellar, an asset-management company in London, calls this a “diary detox”. This also extends to reducing commutes. (伦敦资产管理公司Stellar的Daryl Hine称之为“日记排毒”。这也对减少通勤有积极作用)”和第三段“Of the participating organisations, 46% reported maintaining overall output at the same level, and 49% said it had improved. (在参与组织中，46%的组织表示总体产出保持在同一水平，49%的组织表示有所改善)”可知，缩短一周（四天工作制）计划使公司更加认真地考虑时间管理，去掉不必要的浪费时间，使公司高效利用时间，提高生产力，该空位于第二段段首，应该总起下文表明缩短一周（四天工作制）计划对生产力的影响，D选项“该计划为生产力提供了有益的经验教训。”切题。故选D项。
【54题详解】
C选项中“The trial’s largest company, Outcomes First Group”承接上文“Of the participating organisations, 46% reported maintaining overall output at the same level, and 49% said it had improved. (在参与组织中，46%的组织表示总体产出保持在同一水平，49%的组织表示有所改善)”讲参加实验的具体组织之一，引出下文“Its HR department has goals for response time to emails; its staff are given so-called net promoter scores, which track how colleagues rate their services. (其人力资源部门对电子邮件的回复时间有目标；它的员工会得到所谓的净晋升得分，用来跟踪同事对他们服务的评价)”讲具体的实验过程是怎样的，C选项“试验中最大的公司Outcomes First Group跟踪其1027名参与员工的指标。”切题。故选C项。
【55题详解】
由上文“Becoming a four-day operation can be hard in a five-day world, however. (然而，在一个五天工作制的世界里，只工作四天是很困难的)”可知推行四天工作制是有困难的，F选项“但不是所有的客户都会选择等待，所以大多数参与该计划的公司都试图将员工时间分配得更分散。”应与上文“Bookishly, an online shop, chose Wednesdays off to avoid having three days in a row when packages are not mailed out; people are warned about the new schedule before they order. (网上商店Bookishly选择周三放假，避免连续三天包裹无法寄出的情况，他们在人们在下单前会告知新的工作时间表)”形成转折关系，表明网上商店Bookishly为了使四天工作制有效推行，即使告知客户新的工作时间表，但有的客户依旧等不了，网上商店Bookishly只能另想办法（将员工时间分配得更分散），侧面反映了推行四天工作制的困难。故选F项。
第二卷
V. Spelling (6%)
Directions: Write the words you have learnt according to the meanings given. The first letter is given.
56. v__________ n. a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or truck.
57. b__________ n. a small magazine, book or information leaflet
58. e__________ adv. to a very high degree
59. n__________ adj. measuring a short distance from one side to the other
60. r__________ v. to tell somebody that something is good or useful
61. p__________ v. to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is kept
【答案】56. vehicle 57. brochure
58. extremely 59. narrow
60. recommend 61. preserve
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查单词释义。 a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or truck (用于将人或货物从一个地方运送到另一个地方的东西，如汽车或卡车)，对应名词vehicle (交通工具)，故填vehicle。
【57题详解】
考查单词释义。a small magazine, book or information leaflet (小杂志、小书籍或宣传单)，对应名词brochure (小册子)，故填brochure。
【58题详解】
考查单词释义。to a very high degree (达到很高的程度)，对应副词extremely (非常、极其)，故填extremely。
【59题详解】
考查单词释义。measuring a short distance from one side to the other (测量从一边到另一边的短距离)，对应形容词narrow (狭窄的)，故填narrow。
【60题详解】
考查单词释义。to tell somebody that something is good or useful (告诉某人某事是好的或有用的)，对应动词recommend (推荐)，故填recommend。
【61题详解】
考查单词释义。to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is kept (保持特定的品质、特征等；确保有东西被保留)，对应动词preserve (保留)，故填preserve。
VI. Phrases (7%)
Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent and grammatically correct. Use the proper form of the phrases given in the box. Each phrase can only be used once and there is one phrase more than you need.
bring … to life be capable of run out of apart from
adapt … from be likely to suffer from on occasion

62. Once a black hole has formed, it can absorb additional matter like nearby gas and dust, or __________ they can even consume entire stars and solar systems.
63. Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that _________ through the joint efforts of extraordinary scientists so far.
64. The film is based on a 1920 stage play that __________ the Bram Stoker novel.
65. The mouse of the computer sometimes works, but sometimes doesn’t. That’s probably because it __________ batteries.
66. Wolves were once the most widely distributed land mammal (哺乳动物) __________ humans.
67. America __________ a nationwide teacher shortage now due to stresses from pandemic and culture war.
68. I feel like I have to prove myself __________ being a Manchester United player.
【答案】62. on occasion
63. have been brought to life
64. was adapted from
65. is running out of
66. apart from
67. is suffering from
68. capable of
【解析】
【62题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：一旦黑洞形成，它可以吸收附近的气体和尘埃等额外物质，有时甚至可以吞噬整个恒星和太阳系。on occasion (有时)，填入空格处作状语，符合句意，故填on occasion。
【63题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：让我们来探索一些科幻小说中的技术，到目前为止，这些技术通过杰出科学家的共同努力都已实现。bring … to life (赋子……生命)符合句意，该空是限制性定语从句谓语部分，从句主语that指代先行词some of the technologies，和从句谓语动词短语bring … to life是被动关系，结合时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时的被动语态（has/have been done），从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填have been brought to life。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语和语态。句意：这部电影是根据1920年的舞台剧改编的，这部舞台剧改编自布拉姆·斯托克的小说。adapt … from (根据……改编)符合句意，该空是限制性定语从句谓语部分，从句主语that指代先行词a 1920 stage play，和从句谓语动词短语adapt … from是被动关系，动作已发生，用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），从句主语单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填was adapted from。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：电脑的鼠标有时能用，但有时不行。这可能是因为电池快用完了。run out of (用完)符合句意，该空是从句的谓语部分，结合主句谓语works和句意可知，从句谓语语动词短语run out of用现在进行时（am/is/are doing）表示将来，从句主语it，从句谓语单数形式。故填is running out of。
【66题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：狼曾经是除人类以外分布最广泛的陆地哺乳动物。介词短语apart from (除了)填入空格处，符合句意，故填apart from。
【67题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：由于疫情和文化战争的压力，美国目前正遭受全国教师短缺的困扰。suffer from (遭受)符合句意，该空是谓语部分，结合now可知，谓语语动词短语suffer from是现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时（am/is/are doing），主语America，谓语单数形式。故填is suffering from。
【68题详解】
考查形容词短语。句意：我觉得我必须证明自己有能力成为一名曼联球员。be capable of (能够)符合句意，用形容词短语capable of作宾补。故填capable of。
VII. Text Recitation (4%)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words according to the NCE Lesson 6.
69. Mr. Taylor, _________________ was admiring a new window display.(根据句意填空)
【答案】the owner of a jewellery shop
【解析】
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：泰勒先生，一家珠宝店的老板，他正在欣赏一个新的橱窗展示。结合遗漏汉语提示“一家珠宝店的老板”，of名词所有格结构表示，用定冠词the特指owner (老板)，不定冠词a泛指一家jewellery shop (珠宝店)，为the owner of a jewellery shop。故填the owner of a jewellery shop。
70. Diamond necklaces and rings ____________________ on a background of a black velvet. (根据句意填空)
【答案】had been beautifully arranged
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态和副词。句意：钻石项链和戒指被漂亮地排列在黑色天鹅绒的背景上。arrange (排列)表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，主语Diamond necklaces and rings和谓语动词arrange是被动关系，过去完成时的被动语态，副词beautifully (漂亮地)作状语，修饰动词arrange。故填had been beautifully arranged。
71. The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with ____________________ and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. (根据句意填空)
【答案】 its headlights on
【解析】
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：寂静突然被打破了，一辆大轿车亮着前灯，响着喇叭，呼啸着开进拱廊街。根据句意可知设空处意思是车前灯亮着，前灯译为“headlight”，车的前灯应该有两个，用复数形式，“亮着”用副词on，和前面的with构成复合结构，故填its headlights on。
72. Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it ____________________, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. (根据句意填空)
【答案】throwing ashtrays and vases
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：就在它要离开的时候，泰勒先生冲了出来，扔烟灰缸和花瓶追着它跑，但无法阻止小偷。该空用非谓语动词短语作状语；动词throw (扔掉)；名词ashtray (烟灰缸)和名词vase (花瓶)用复数形式表泛指，作宾语；逻辑主语Mr. Taylor和非谓语动词短语throw ashtrays and vases是主动关系，用其现在分词形式。故填throwing ashtrays and vases。
VIII. Translation (8%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English with the words given in the brackets.
73. 得知不能使用家电，他们才发现没有省力的设备，做家务十分困难。(until; inform)(汉译英)
【答案】It wasn’t until they had been informed that household appliances could not be used that they realized that it was very difficult to do household chores without labor-saving equipment.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、强调句型和宾语从句。根据句意事情已发生，主句时态用一般过去时，句子结构用强调句型It wasn’t until+强调部分+that..(直到……才……)，until引导时间状语从句，be informed that+宾语从句，意为“被告知”，先于主句的动作，表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时的被动语态，household appliances (家电)，谓语动词use (使用)用情态动词的被动语态，谓语动词realize (意识到)一般过去时，后接结构完整的宾语从句，用只起连接作用的that连接，宾语从句用it +be+adj.+to do sth.表达，do household chores (做家务)，形容词labor-saving (省力的)作定语，修饰名词equipment (设备)，与without构成介词短语作状语，“没有省力的设备”译为without labor-saving equipment，再结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为：It wasn’t until they had been informed that household appliances could not be used that they realized that it was very difficult to do household chores without labor-saving equipment.
74. 无论遭遇何种极端天气，这位探险家都勇往直前，不畏艰险，其品质让大家印象深刻。(no matter …; whose) (汉译英)
【答案】No matter what kind of extreme weather, the explorer goes forward bravely without fear of difficulties, whose quality makes everyone impressed.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和短语。表示“无论”应用no matter引导让步状语从句，表示“何种”应用what kind of，表示“极端天气”应用extreme weather，表示“探险家”应用explorer，表示“勇往直前不畏艰险”应用go forward bravely without fear of difficulties，表示“品质”应用名词quality，表示“让……印象深刻”应用make...impressed，表示“大家”应用everyone。分析句子可知，“其品质让大家印象深刻”可使用非限制性定语从句，修饰the explorer，从句不缺少主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词whose，作定语修饰quality。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。主语explorer为第三人称单数。故翻译为No matter what kind of extreme weather, the explorer goes forward bravely without fear of difficulties, whose quality makes everyone impressed.。