2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学适应性考试（四）

这是一份2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学适应性考试（四），共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37，5分，满分15分)，安慰并表达祝愿等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学适应性考试（四）
考试时间：100分钟 满分：120 分
第I卷（选择题）

第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Explore Your Passion at Harvard University
Your education doesn’t stop at the classroom door. Student activities are a vital part of the Harvard experience, balancing your studies and creating opportunities for friendship and self-discovery.
Athletics
Harvard Athletics offers forty-two intercollege teams for women and men - more than any other college does ——as well as numerous sports clubs and recreational activities. More than eighty percent of our students participate in athletics of some kind.
Student organizations
Join our community of over 500 student organizations. You can get to know student organizations at our Student Organization Fair, an annual tradition that takes place the first week of class. You can also write for the student newspaper on the Associated Press. Even if you don’t see a club that matches your interests, we’re ready to help you set up one! Does that sound amazing to you?
Community service
Giving back to communities is an ideal fundamental to Harvard’s mission. The Phillips Brooks House Association and the College Public Service Network offers more than 120 service initiatives (方案)and programs - from instructing local youth to promoting environmental sustainability and running a homeless shelter. For those dedicated to community initiatives, Harvard also offers a variety of funding sources 一 that support your goals to serve those around you.
Leadership
The Institute of Politics (IOP) at the Harvard Kennedy School connects students with political leaders and experienced civil servants. Harvard undergraduates have access to the Institute’s John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum, one of the world’s best grounds for political speech, discussion, and debate.
Click here to keep track of relevant information.
1．Which activity seems attractive to most students?
A．Athletics. B．Student organizations. C．Community service. D．Leadership.
2．What can you do if there is no club fit for you?
A．Join a student organization. B．Ask for help to create one.
C．Set up a recreational activity. D．Serve the people around you.
3．How can you get to know more about these activities?
A．By writing for the school newspaper. B．By referring to the service initiatives.
C．By paying a visit to Harvard graduates. D．By surfing the related school website.
B
When he went outside during the break, John Buettner would dream of learning the monkey-bars. He uses a wheelchair, so they aren’t accessible to him — in fact, most of the playground at Glen Lake Elementary School isn’t. Betsy Julien would look out at the students in their wheelchairs, and thought, “Our playground is not set up for everybody in the school to play and have fun.”
Now, thanks to this teacher and her students, that dream is about to come true in a bigger way.
Last fall, Julien and a few of her colleagues applied for, and won, a grant for an accessible swing and merry-go-round. The grant fell $35,000 short of the amount the school needed, so Julien asked her class to help raise the rest.
Her students jumped at the idea, and took it a step further. “Why can’t we make the whole playground accessible?” said Hadley Mangan. They brainstormed ideas on how to raise money: door-knocking, partnering with restaurants, handing out flyers, and even cold-calling local businesses. They got to work and reached their goal in a matter of weeks. Now, they aim to raise $1 million so they can completely transform their playground.
Last week, Julien loaded the students for a field trip to see how the equipment is built and even got to color in a blueprint of the playground design. Buettner said he could hardly believe how quickly an idea turned into reality. “All of this equipment is big enough for my friends and I to play on. I just feel some sense of capability.”
Julien speaks through tears, too, when reflecting on the project and the transformation. “Anything we raise beyond our goal will go towards accessible equipment at neighboring schools. I hope that the world is accepting and inclusive for every child.”
4．What’s the problem with the school playground?
A．Little playing space. B．Limited accessibility.
C．Poor construction funding. D．Narrow wheelchair passage.
5．What does the underlined phrase “a step further” refer to?
A．Donating more money.
B．Achieving original goals.
C．Asking more people for help.
D．Transforming the whole playground.
6．What can we infer from Buettner’s words?
A．He engages more in donation. B．He has more faith in himself.
C．He becomes an expert in sports. D．He gets more involved in contests.
7．What can we learn from Julien’s story?
A．Hard work matters. B．Kindness bears fruits.
C．Good ideas win favor. D．Trust promotes friendship.
C
Distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has made both physical and social connections a touch more difficult to maintain. For Stanford University student Millie Salvato, being apart from her friend on the opposite coast has proved challenging. Sometimes a text or video call is not enough, and people in Salvato’s situation often long for a way to send a comforting hug from afar. In a new study detailed in IEEE Transactions on Haptics, she and her colleagues demonstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human touch and convey social messages sent electronically.
Salvato and her team measured how 37 participants expressed social messages in different situations. In each test, one person wore a pressure-sensing device on an arm, and another touched it to respond to six different scenes: attention seeking, gratitude, happiness, calming, love and sadness. After collecting 661 touch movements, Salvato and her colleagues mapped the location and pressure of each. Next, they used a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to select the movements that were most reliably part of each response. Finally, they programmed a wearable sleeve to simulate these movements using eight built-in disks that vibrate when electronically signaled. “The instant it received signals, I could feel the touch and identify its intended meaning. “One participant reported.
Even with no training, the participants correctly matched the simulated touches to the six scenes 45 percent of the time. For comparison, a previous study found participants could match scenes for touches from real human hands 55 percent of the time.
Gerling, a touch researcher at Harvard who was not involved in the study, said the invention was really surprising. But the study was small and needs to cover far larger groups of people to determine exactly which are the most desirable responses. Besides, he believes the sleeve surely will enjoy great popularity once launched on the market.
8．What were participants asked to do during the study?
A．Pick up reliable responses.
B．Model on electronic touches.
C．Respond to different situations.
D．Mark out programmed movements.
9．What does the underlined word “vibrate” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Alarm. B．Shake. C．Shine. D．Inform.
10．What does Gerling suggest according to the last paragraph?
A．Covering more scenes. B．Launching on the market.
C．Conducting further research. D．Interviewing the participants.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Electronic Sleeves Helping Feel Virtual Touch
B．New Technology Improving Social Connections
C．New Sensing Device Increasing Physical Touches
D．Electronic Sleeves Responding to Different Situations
D
As restaurants, malls and movie theaters fill back up with people, the workplace has remained nearly empty. This is partly driven by how common remote work has become in society. People have invested in creating workspaces in their homes, relocated to smaller towns and even taken their work to vacation resorts. Now, with an easing pandemic and slowing economy, companies are increasingly trying to draw employees back into the office. But many just don’t want to go.
Though seen as a necessity during the pandemic, some business leaders doubt whether the current level of remote work is sustainable. And they’re right. A fully virtual workplace misses some of the key drivers for performance and productivity, which are top of mind right now for businesses facing the prospect of a potential recession(衰退). Understandably, they want workers back in the office because they’re preparing for a more competitive environment, which calls for maximizing efficiency. Fully remote work doesn’t cultivate the level of interpersonal relationships that business leaders see as vital to workplace innovation.
When companies are responding to market shifts and economic stresses, new ideas, problem solving and brainstorming all become essential. And brainstorming sessions are much easier to conduct in person, where workers can exchange their ideas in conference rooms or shared work spaces. Remote workers, meanwhile, are more prone to distractions at home that can disrupt their concentration and participation.
It’s not just what happens in formal meetings that adds value. It’s also the organic connections and culture-building that occurs when workers run into each other in the hallways or after a company gathering. It’s these spontaneous (自发的) opportunities to inquire into the details that are missed when one is working remotely.
Undoubtedly, there will be workers who don’t agree. But leaders owe it to all share holders, including workers, to make the best policy decisions. Policy can’t just make sense for workers. It must also make business sense in order to preserve opportunities for workers to work; it must make financial sense in order to protect opportunities for workers to earn a living.
12．What do we know about remote work?
A．It was popular in smaller towns.
B．It slowed down the economy.
C．It was necessary during the pandemic.
D．It brought people to public places.
13．Why do leaders want workers back in the office?
A．To improve workers’ efficiency.
B．To create a relaxed atmosphere.
C．To cultivate friendlier relationships.
D．To explore workers’ potential.
14．According to the author, what must be prioritized when the best policy decisions are made?
A．The ambitions of the leaders.
B．The comfort of the employees.
C．The interests of the businesses.
D．The ability of the shareholders.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Fully Remote Work Likely to Disappear
B．Remote Workers Losing Their Jobs
C．Policymakers Caught in a Dilemma
D．Companies Struggling with Slowing Economy

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Highly Effective Study Habits
For students, sometimes it’s not easy to concentrate on studying. If you want better grades, you need more effective study habits. The key to effective studying isn’t studying longer but studying smarter. 16
● Plan when you’re going to study.
Successful students schedule specific times when they are going to study—and then they stick to their schedule. 17 Even if you can catch up with your studies, creating a weekly routine will enable you to succeed in your education in the long run.
● Set a specific goal for each study.
18 You need to know exactly what you need to achieve during each study session. Before you start, set a study goal that supports your overall academic goal (eg. memorize 30 vocabulary words for an upcoming exam).
● 19
As your most difficult assignment or subject will need the most effort, you should start with it first. Once you’ve finished the most difficult work, it will be much easier to complete the rest. Believe it or not, this will greatly improve the effectiveness of your study sessions.
● Practice by yourself.
Practice makes perfect. You can practice by yourself by testing yourself with either practice exams, or flash cards. If a practice or old exam from a course is available, use it as a guide. 20
We’re confident that if you develop the habits above, you’ll see a great improvement in your academic success.
A．Improve your study effectiveness.
B．You should study regularly all the time.
C．Start with the most difficult subject first.
D．Studying without direction is not effective.
E．You can begin studying smarter with these study habits.
F．Such exams help you understand what to expect in the future exam.
G．Students who study without a schedule usually do not perform so well.


第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year, preparing to move to Italy, I sorted through everything in our New York apartment. Clothes, shoes, toys, china, handbags-you name it. I had to 21 what to give away, what to throw out, and what to 22 and ship overseas.
It forced me to review and remember my 23 . Some surprises awaited me. Dealing with all the material goods 24 over a lifetime, I rediscovered just how much I value 25 .
I found the letter President Ronald Reagan sent to my father, 26 him for his service to the deaf community; some 27 for 1960s Broadway hits my grandpa had taken me to see. I had rejection 28 from magazine editors, and a typed letter from my lawyer uncle advising me to 29 fooling around and get a real job. I 30 Father’s Day cards and a poem to my wife on our 40th anniversary.
It proved to me that paper 31 serves a purpose, even with life going digital and all but paperless. Going through these documents was an 32 to better know myself, to recognize who I was and how I’d changed.
My love of paper gave me concrete 33 of life experiences: managing a marriage, raising children, and winning struggles. It’s a life 34 to the fullest.
I did it mostly for me. But someday my children may come across these keepsakes (纪念品). Perhaps they’ll be drawn to 35 the history only our family can claim.
21．A．discover B．imagine C．hesitate D．determine
22．A．pack B．sell C．show D．hide
23．A．family B．past C．duty D．dream
24．A．avoided B．wasted C．gathered D．carried
25．A．paper B．money C．knowledge D．friendship
26．A．preparing B．searching C．complaining D．congratulating
27．A．stories B．posters C．suggestions D．characters
28．A．notes B．pictures C．bills D．lessons
29．A．start B．enjoy C．quit D．miss
30．A．removed B．connected C．ignored D．kept
31．A．never B．again C．still D．just
32．A．identity B．ability C．honour D．opportunity
33．A．proof B．situation C．advice D．thought
34．A．brought B．risked C．lived D．spent
35．A．record B．explore C．write D．teach

第II卷（非选择题）
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 2017, a Chinese antique bowl fetched $ 38 million at auction (拍卖)—a new record for Chinese porcelain (瓷器). Though it was described as “a highly important and 36 (extreme) rare” piece of art, it was a shallow bowl that was used in ancient China 37 (clean) calligraphy and paint brushes. Why is Chinese porcelain so expensive? The answer lies 38 the European obsession (痴迷) with Chinese porcelain.
Lars Tharp, a Chinese porcelain specialist, set out to explore why Chinese porcelain was so 39 (value). He traveled to the mountainside in which almost every single Chinese export vase, plate and cup began life in the 18th century—a mountain known as Mount Gaolin, from 40 name we get the word kaolin, or china clay. He saw how the china clay 41 (combine) with another substance, mica, that would turn it into porcelain.
42 (carry) his own newly-acquired vase, Lars uncovered some secrets of China’s porcelain capital, Jingdezhen. He saw how 43 trade between China and Europe not only changed our idea of what was beautiful but also affected the whole tradition of Chinese aesthetics too.
The porcelain fever has driven high 44 (consume) in the past ten years. Today China’s rising millionaire class are buying back the export china once shipped to Europe. The bowl 45 (sell) at auction shows that the appeal of Chinese porcelain is as strong as ever.


第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46．最近，你的英国笔友Jerry总是感到焦躁不安，来信和你交流，请你回信帮助他摆脱困境。内容包括：
1.说明负面情绪的不良影响；
2.提出有效的建议；
3.安慰并表达祝愿。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jerry,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节(满分25分)
47．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On market days when the farmers around Darrowby brought their goods to the little town to sell, I used to take a walk across the square to meet the farmers who gathered there to chat. One of the farmers was telling me about his sick cow when he saw a little dog among the market stalls (货摊). The thing that made us notice the dog was that he was sitting up, paws dangling (悬垂), head pointing expectantly, begging, in front of the stall selling cakes and biscuits.
“Look at that little fellow,” the farmer said. “I wonder where he’s from.”
As he spoke, the stallholder threw the dog some bread which the animal ate eagerly, but when the man came round and stretched out a hand the little thing ran away.
I was standing there, trying to see where he had gone, when a young policeman came up to me.
“I’ve been watching that dog begging among the stalls all morning,” he said, “but I haven’t been able to get near him.”
“Yes, it’s strange. You can see he’s friendly, but he’s also afraid. I wonder who owns him.”
“I think he’s a stray (无主的宠物), Mr. Herriot. I know just about all the dogs around here. But this one is a stranger to me.”
I nodded. “I’m sure you’re right. Anything could have happened to him. He could have been ill-treated by somebody and run away, or he could have been dumped from a car.”
“Yes,” the policeman replied, “I don’t know how anybody can leave a helpless animal to fend for (照料) itself like that. I’ve had a few tries at catching him, but it’s no good.”
A week passed before I met the policeman again in the market.
“Have you caught the dog, sir?” I asked.
The policeman looked very serious. “Yes,” he replied, “I’m afraid he’s been arrested.”
“Arrested?” I said in astonishment. “What do you mean?”
“Well,” he said, “it seems that it’s against the law for a dog to go begging in the market square.”
“I still don’t know what this is all about,” I said. “Where is he now?”
“I’ll take you to him,” the policeman replied.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We walked a short way along the road to a pretty cottage.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A wave of relief swept over me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四种在哈佛大学中为友谊和自我发现创造机会的学生活动。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“More than eighty percent of our students participate in athletics of some kind.(我们百分之八十以上的学生参加了某种形式的田径运动。)可知，大多数学生才加的活动是田径，即对大多数大学生有吸引力的活动是田径。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even if you don’t see a club that matches your interests, we’re ready to help you set up one!(即使您没有看到符合您兴趣的俱乐部，我们也随时准备帮助您建立一个！)”可知，如果没有适合你的俱乐部，可以寻求帮助建立一个。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Click here to keep track of relevant information.(单击此处跟踪相关信息。)”可知，如果要了解更多信息，就要浏览学校相关的网站来获得相关信息。故选D。
4．B 5．D 6．B 7．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John Buettner的老师和同学为了能让残疾的他和其他残疾学生在学校操场上玩耍，发起了筹款活动，最终成功改造了操场。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He uses a wheelchair, so they aren’t accessible to him — in fact, most of the playground at Glen Lake Elementary School isn’t. (他使用轮椅，所以轮椅对他来说并不方便——事实上，格伦湖小学的大部分操场都不方便。)”可知，学校操场的问题是对于使用轮椅的人来说并不方便，即无障碍环境有限，故选B。
5．词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“so Julien asked her class to help raise the rest.(所以朱利安让她的学生帮忙筹集剩下的钱。)”和下文““Why can’t we make the whole playground accessible?” said Hadley Mangan.  (“为什么我们不能让整个操场都变得方便呢？”哈德利·曼根说。)”可知，Julien让她的学生帮忙筹集剩下的钱，她的学生欣然接受了，并决定筹集钱把整个操场改造一下，弄得更方便，由此可推知，“a step further”指的是改造整个操场，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Buettner所说的话“I just feel some sense of capability(我只是觉得自己有能力)”可推知，Buettner对自己更加有信心，故选B。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“When he went outside during the break, John Buettner would dream of learning the monkey-bars. He uses a wheelchair, so they aren’t accessible to him — in fact, most of the playground at Glen Lake Elementary School isn’t. (课间休息时，约翰·比特纳出去玩时，总是梦想着学习单杠。他使用轮椅，所以轮椅对他来说并不方便——事实上，格伦湖小学的大部分操场都不方便。)”和第二段中“Now, thanks to this teacher and her students, that dream is about to come true in a bigger way.(现在，多亏了这位老师和她的学生，这个梦想即将以更大的方式实现。)”可知，文章主要讲述了John Buettner的老师和同学为了能让残疾的他和其他残疾学生在学校操场上玩耍，发起了筹款活动，最终成功改造了操场。由此可推知，从这个故事中可以得知，善良会结出果实。故选B。


8．C 9．B 10．C 11．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了斯坦福大学的学生Millie Salvato研究出了一种可穿戴的袖子，它可以模拟人类的触摸并传达电子发送的社交信息。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“In each test, one person wore a pressure-sensing device on an arm, and another touched it to respond to six different scenes: attention seeking, gratitude, happiness, calming, love and sadness. (在每次测试中，一个人在手臂上佩戴压力感应装置，另一个人触摸它，以应对六个不同的场景：寻求关注、感激、幸福、平静、爱和悲伤)”可知，研究中被试要求对不同的情境做出回应，故选C项。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词的下文“The instant it received signals, I could feel the touch and identify its intended meaning (它一收到信号，我就能感觉到触摸，并确定它的意图)”可推理出划线词的含义为“摇动；震动”，故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gerling, a touch researcher at Harvard who was not involved in the study, said the invention was really surprising. But the study was small and needs to cover far larger groups of people to determine exactly which are the most desirable responses. (哈佛大学触摸研究人员Gerling没有参与这项研究，他说这项发明真的很令人惊讶。但这项研究规模较小，需要覆盖更大的人群，以确定哪些是最理想的反应)”可推理出Gerling建议做更深入的研究，故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“she and her colleagues demonstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human touch and convey social messages sent electronically (她和她的同事展示了一种可穿戴的袖子，它可以模拟人的触摸并通过电子方式传递社交信息)”、第二段““The instant it received signals, I could feel the touch and identify its intended meaning. “One participant reported. (一位参与者报告说：“它一收到信号，我就能感觉到触摸，并识别出它的意图”)”以及最后一段“Gerling, a touch researcher at Harvard who was not involved in the study, said the invention was really surprising. (哈佛大学触摸研究人员Gerling没有参与这项研究，他说这项发明真的很令人惊讶)”可知本文主要讲的是电子套袖有助于感受虚拟触感，故选A项。
12．C 13．A 14．C 15．A

【导语】本文是议论文。分析了人们为什么不想回到办公室上班以及远程工作的问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Though seen as a necessity during the pandemic(尽管在疫情期间似乎是必要的)”可知，在疫情严重的时期，远程办公是有必要的。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A fully virtual workplace misses some of the key drivers for performance and productivity, which are top of mind right now for businesses facing the prospect of a potential recession(衰退). Understandably, they want workers back in the office because they’re preparing for a more competitive environment, which calls for maximizing efficiency. (完全虚拟的工作环境忽略了一些影响绩效和生产力的关键因素，而这些因素正是当前面临潜在衰退前景的企业最关心的问题。可以理解的是，他们希望员工回到办公室，因为他们正在为一个更激烈的竞争环境做准备，这要求效率最大化)”可知，公司想让员工回到公司上班是为了提高效率。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Undoubtedly, there will be workers who don’t agree. But leaders owe it to all share holders, including workers, to make the best policy decisions. Policy can’t just make sense for workers. It must also make business sense in order to preserve opportunities for workers to work; it must make financial sense in order to protect opportunities for workers to earn a living.(毫无疑问，会有员工不同意。但领导人有责任为包括工人在内的所有股东做出最佳的政策决策。政策不能只对工人有意义。它还必须具有商业意义，以便为工人保留工作机会；它必须具有财务意义，以保护工人的谋生机会)”推知，作者认为在作决策的时候，还是应该优先考虑公司的利益。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。全文介绍了当前人们远程上班的一些问题以及公司对提高效率的希望，结合最后一段“Undoubtedly, there will be workers who don’t agree. But leaders owe it to all share holders, including workers, to make the best policy decisions. Policy can’t just make sense for workers. It must also make business sense in order to preserve opportunities for workers to work; it must make financial sense in order to protect opportunities for workers to earn a living.(毫无疑问，会有员工不同意。但领导人有责任为包括工人在内的所有股东做出最佳的政策决策。政策不能只对工人有意义。它还必须具有商业意义，以便为工人保留工作机会；它必须具有财务意义，以保护工人的谋生机会)”可知，A项“完全在家办公的日子可能要结束”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
16．E 17．G 18．D 19．C 20．F

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出学习不能光靠死记硬背和花时间，要学得聪明一点，并从几个方面提供了一些注意事项。
16．上文“If you want better grades, you need more effective study habits. The key to effective studying isn’t studying longer but studying smarter.( 如果你想要更好的成绩，你需要更有效的学习习惯。有效学习的关键不在于学得更久，而在于学得更聪明。)”讲述要有效学习，不是学习更长时间而是学得聪明，下文介绍了几个好的学习习惯，因此推断空处承上启下，E项“你可以通过这些学习习惯开始更聪明地学习。”符合语境，故填E。
17．上文“Successful students schedule specific times when they are going to study—and then they stick to their schedule.( 成功的学生会为自己的学习安排好具体的时间，然后严格遵守。)”讲述成功学生的做法，安排好时间并严格遵守，G项中的“schedule”呼应“schedule”，因此推断G项“没有学习计划表的学生通常表现不佳。”符合语境，与上文形成对比，故选G。
18．根据段落标题“Set a specific goal for each study.( 为每项学习设定一个具体的目标。)”可知，本段讲述要有具体的学校目标，下文“You need to know exactly what you need to achieve during each study session.(你需要确切地知道在每次学习过程中你需要实现什么。)”再次强调要有具体的目标的重要性，D项“没有方向的学习是没有效率的。”符合语境，通过对比说明有具体目标的重要意义，没有目标的学习无效。故选D。
19．空处为段落标题。根据下文“As your most difficult assignment or subject will need the most effort, you should start with it first. Once you’ve finished the most difficult work, it will be much easier to complete the rest. Believe it or not, this will greatly improve the effectiveness of your study sessions.( 因为你的最困难的任务或科目需要付出最大的努力，所以你应该先从它开始。一旦你完成了最难的工作，剩下的就容易多了。信不信由你，这将大大提高你学习的效率。)”可知，本段讲述了从最困难的任务开始，这样会大大提高效率，因此推断C项“从最难的科目开始”为最佳标题，故选C。
20．上文“Practice makes perfect. You can practice by yourself by testing yourself with either practice exams, or flash cards. If a practice or old exam from a course is available, use it as a guide.(熟能生巧。你可以通过练习考试或闪存卡来测试自己。如果一门课程的练习或以前的考试是可用的，把它作为指南。)”讲述通过测试自己熟能生巧，F项中的exams呼应上文的testing和exams，因此推断F项“这样的考试可以帮助你了解在未来的考试中会发生什么。”符合语境，these exams指代前文提到的either practice exams, or flash cards以及a practice or old exam from a course，故选F。

21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是作者在整理家里的东西准备搬家时发现了生活中保留下来的许多纸——信件、海报、退稿信、父亲节卡片、诗歌等等，作者发现即使在无纸化的时代，纸张仍然有它的用途，它们会触发人的记忆，让人有机会认识自己、审视自己。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须决定哪些要送掉，哪些要扔掉，哪些要卖掉和运到海外。A. discover发现；B. imagine想象；C. hesitate犹豫；D. determine决定。根据上文“preparing to move to Italy”和“I sorted through everything”可知，作者要搬走了，在收拾东西，所以要决定哪些要送掉，哪些要扔掉。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须决定哪些要送掉，哪些要扔掉，哪些要卖掉和运到海外。A. pack打包；B. sell售卖；C. show展示；D. hide隐藏。根据上文“what to give away, what to throw out”可知，作者要把东西都弄出去，所以此处是卖掉一些，故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它迫使我回顾和记住我的过去。A. family家庭；B. past过去；C. duty责任；D. friend朋友。根据上文“review and remember”可知，要回顾和记住的是过去，故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：处理了一生中收集的所有物质物品，我重新发现了我对纸的重视程度。A. avoided避免；B. wasted浪费；C. gathered聚集；D. carried携带。根据前文“Last year, preparing to move to Italy, I sorted through everything in our New York apartment. Clothes, shoes, toys, china, handbags-you name it”可知，衣服、鞋子、玩具、瓷器、手袋都是作者一生所累积的东西，空格处意为“聚集”。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：处理了一生中收集的所有物质物品，我重新发现了我对纸的重视程度。A. paper纸；B. money金钱；C. knowledge知识；D. friendship友谊。根据倒数第二段的“My love of paper”可知，作者喜欢纸，所以作者是重视纸的，故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我找到罗纳德·里根总统写给我父亲的信，祝贺他为聋人社区所做的贡献。A. preparing准备；B. searching搜索；C. complaining抱怨；D. congratulating祝贺。根据下文“for his service to the deaf community”可知，总统是祝贺他为聋人社区所做的贡献。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爷爷带我去看的20世纪60年代百老汇热门剧目的海报。A. stories故事；B. posters海报；C. suggestions建议；D. characters人物。根据下文“for 1960s Broadway hits”可知，此处是指20世纪60年代百老汇热门剧目的海报。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到了杂志编辑的退稿信，还有我当律师的叔叔打出来的信，他劝我不要再游手好闲，找一份真正的工作。A. notes短笺，便条；B. pictures图画；C. bills账单；D. lessons课。根据下文“from magazine editors”可知，此处是指杂志编辑的退稿信。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我收到了杂志编辑的退稿信，还有我当律师的叔叔打出来的信，他劝我不要再游手好闲，找一份真正的工作。A. start开始；B. enjoy享受；C. quit停止；D. miss错过。根据下文“get a real job”可知，作者的叔叔叫作者停止游手好闲，找一份真正的工作。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我保留了父亲节卡片和一首诗，在我们结婚40周年纪念日送给我妻子。A. removed清除；B. connected连接；C. ignored忽视；D. kept保留。根据下文“Father’s Day cards and a poem to my wife on our 40th anniversary”可知，作者保留了卡片和诗，故选D。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它向我证明，即使生活走向数字化，几乎无纸化，纸张仍然有它的用途。A. never从不；B. again再次；C. still仍然；D. just仅仅。根据下文“even with life going digital and all but paperless”可知，即使生活走向数字化，几乎无纸化，纸张仍然有它的用途。故选C。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：浏览这些文件是一个更好地了解自己的机会，让我认识到我是谁，我是如何改变的。A. identity身份；B. ability能力；C. honour荣耀；D. opportunity机会。根据下文“to better know myself, to recognize who I was and how I’d changed”可知，此处是指这是一个更好地了解自己的机会。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对纸的热爱给了我生活经验的具体证明：经营婚姻、抚养孩子和赢得斗争。A. proof证明；B. situation情况；C. advice建议；D. thought想法。根据下文“managing a marriage, raising children, and winning struggles”可知，作者对纸的热爱证明了自己经营婚姻、抚养孩子和赢得斗争这些生活经验。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一种充实的生活。A. brought带来；B. risked冒险；C. lived生活；D. spent花费。根据上文“It’s a life”可知，life和live搭配，live a ...life意为“过……样的生活”，此处是指生活得很充实。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他们会被吸引去探索只有我们家族才能拥有的历史。A. record记录；B. explore探索；C. write写；D. teach教导。根据上文“someday my children may come across these keepsakes”和下文“the history”可知，作者的孩子们可能会看到这些纪念品，进而去探索家族的历史，故选B。

36．extremely 37．to clean 38．in 39．valuable 40．whose 41．was combined 42．Carrying 43．the 44．consumption 45．sold

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了欧洲人对中国瓷器的痴迷，并讲述了中国瓷器专家Lars Tharp探究中国瓷器如此珍贵的原因。
36．考查副词。句意：虽然它被描述为一件“非常重要和极其罕见”的艺术品，但它是一个浅碗，在中国古代用于清洁书法和画笔。空格处用副词extremely修饰形容词rare，extremely意为“极其”，故填extremely。
37．考查不定式。句意：虽然它被描述为一件“非常重要和极其罕见”的艺术品，但它是一个浅碗，在中国古代用于清洁书法和画笔。that指代的是先行词“a shallow bowl”，是物，是被用来清洁书法笔和画笔，“某物被用来做某事”是sth. be used to do，因此空格处是不定式to clean，故填to clean。
38．考查介词。句意：答案在于欧洲人对中国瓷器的痴迷。lie in是固定短语，意为“在于”，因此空格处用介词in，故填in。
39．考查形容词。句意：中国瓷器专家Lars Tharp着手探索中国瓷器如此珍贵的原因。空格处用形容词作表语，value的形容词是“valuable”，意为“值钱的，贵重的”，故填valuable。
40．考查定语从句。句意：他到被称为高岭山的山坡去旅行，18世纪，几乎每一个中国出口的花瓶、盘子和杯子都是在这里诞生的，高岭土这个词就是从它的名字而来的。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，Mount Gaolin和name之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的whose，故填whose。
41．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：他看到了瓷土是如何与另一种物质——云母结合在一起，从而变成瓷器的。空格处是谓语，china clay和combine之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语china clay是不可数名词，因此空格处是was combined。故填was combined。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：拉尔斯拿着自己新买的花瓶，揭开了中国瓷器之都景德镇的一些秘密。句中谓语是uncovered，空格处用非谓语动词，Lars和carry之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Carrying。
43．考查定冠词。句意：他看到中欧之间的贸易不仅改变了我们对美的看法，而且也影响了整个中国美学传统。空格处要用定冠词the特指中欧之间的贸易，故填the。
44．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，瓷器热推动了高消费。high是形容词，修饰名词，句子表示“瓷器热推动了高消费”，空格处意为“消费”，名词是consumption，是不可数名词，故填consumption。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：拍卖会上售出的这只碗表明，中国瓷器的吸引力一如既往地强大。句中谓语是shows，空格处用非谓语动词，bowl和sell之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填sold。
46．One possible version:
Dear Jerry,
I am awfully sorry to learn you have been trapped in a bad mood.
Actually, negative emotions are unavoidable, but don’t let it occupy the whole of you for too long. Uneasiness and worry are infectious. Not only does it harm you, but also the people around you. To overcome the bad situation, you could try some useful ways. For example, working out regularly, I think, is a nice choice, which can relieve you of your terrible feelings. Another choice is that you could turn to books about famous people. Getting a glimpse of their life helps you to get to know more about the beauty of our own life.
Anyway, there is always a way out. Don’t worry too much. Beautiful life is just ahead waiting for us to explore.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jerry写封信，帮助他摆脱困境，内容包括：1.说明负面情绪的不良影响；2.提出有效的建议；3.安慰并表达祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：awfully→extremely
实际上：actually→as a matter of fact
有用的：useful→helpful
选择：choice→option
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To overcome the bad situation, you could try some useful ways.
拓展句：You could try some useful ways that can help you overcome the bad situation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Not only does it harm you, but also the people around you. (运用了部分倒装句)
[高分句型2] For example, working out regularly, I think, is a nice choice, which can relieve you of your terrible feelings. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
47．One possible version:
We walked a short way along the road to a pretty cottage. We went inside and there, in the sitting room, sleeping in a big new doggy bed was my little friend. Two small girls were sitting by his side, touching his head softly. The policeman threw back his head and laughed. “I’ve just been kidding you, Mr. Herriot. This is my house and I’ve taken him as a pet for my two daughters. They’ve been wanting a dog for some time and I thought he’d be just right for them.”
A wave of relief swept over me. “Well, that’s wonderful,” I said. I looked at his kind face gratefully. I laughed too. I didn’t mind having the joke played on me because, funny or not, he would be a kind master for my doggy friend. I lifted the dog from his bed. The small girls held up a beautiful new red collar with a lead to match. Their new pet liked the look of them because he sat up in that position I remembered so well, his paws dangling, his face looking up eagerly. The begging dog had found a home at last.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了“我”在市场上闲逛，一只乞食的小狗引起了“我”的注意。小狗看起来很友好，但好像又惧怕与人接触，一位警察猜测这是一只流浪狗。“我”在市场上遇到那位警察，他告诉“我”那只狗被逮捕了，警察带着疑惑的“我”去找小狗的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们沿着这条路走了一小段路，来到一座漂亮的小屋。”可知，第一段可描写小狗的命运得到妥善安排。
②由第二段首句内容“一阵宽慰席卷了我。”可知，第二段可描写事情得到解决后，作者对整体事件的评价。
2.续写线索：看见狗——告知真相——感到高兴
3.词汇激活
行为类
①进入：go inside/enter
②笑：laugh/smile
③举起：lift/raise
情绪类
①感激地：gratefully/thankfully
②渴望地：eagerly/longingly
【点睛】[高分句型1]They’ve been wanting a dog for some time and I thought he’d be just right for them.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句，省略了引导词that）
[高分句型2]Their new pet liked the look of them because he sat up in that position I remembered so well, his paws dangling, his face looking up eagerly.（由because引导的原因状语从句和that引导的定语从句，省略了引导词that）