上海浦东新区2023-2024学年高二上学期开学摸底英语考试（解析版）

这是一份上海浦东新区2023-2024学年高二上学期开学摸底英语考试（解析版），共20页。试卷主要包含了 increased， that 6， because 8， where， rganized， when 14， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023学年上海浦东新区上教版新高二英语开学摸底考试
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (26%)
Section A (16%)
A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Despite the popularity of dieting and exercising, more people are bigger than they used to be.
The US is the ____1____ (overweight) country in the world. But ____2____ many people’s surprise, China ranks second, with 46 million obese (肥胖的) adults and 300 million overweight.
So why are so many Chinese getting overweight?
According to The Wall Street Journal, China’s weight has grown with its economy. With incomes growing, families ____3____ afford to eat a lot more food -especially fatty foods like meat. From 1980 to 2013, the average Chinese’s meat consumption ____4____ (increase) from 12.7kg to 60kg per year.
Unhealthy lifestyles also contribute to China’s obesity problems. Many Chinese families are eating more deep-fried and junk food while exercising little.
It is also likely ____5____ the family planning policy has created a land of little emperors, ____6____ are spoiled by their parents and not asked to do any labor at home, commented The Wall Street Journal.
The trend could lead to big problems, as obesity can have severe health consequences. According to the World Health Organization, around 2,8 million adults die each year ____7____ of obesity-related diseases such as diabetes (糖尿病), heart diseases and cancer.
____8____ (encourage) exercise among Chinese, the government is working to increase the nation’ public sporting areas to 1.5 square meters per capita by 2015, Xinhua reported. It is also considering adding PE to the national college entrance examination.
【答案】1. most overweight
2. to 3. can
4. increased
5. that 6. who
7. because 8. To encourage
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是越来越多的中国人超重的原因。
【1题详解】
考查最高级。句意：美国是世界上超重最严重的国家。根据空前的the和空后的in the world可知，空格处用最高级，是most overweight，故填most overweight。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：但令许多人惊讶的是，中国排名第二，有4600万肥胖成年人和3亿超重成年人。to one’s surprise是固定短语，意为“令某人惊讶的是”，因此空格处是to，故填to。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：随着收入的增长，家庭可以吃更多的食物，尤其是像肉类这样的高脂肪食物。空后是动词原形afford，根据语境可知，句子表示“随着收入的增长，家庭可以吃更多的食物”，空格处意为“能够”，用情态动词can，故填can。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：从1980年到2013年，中国人均肉类消费量从每年12.7公斤增加到60公斤。根据From 1980 to 2013可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填increased。
【5题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：《华尔街日报》评论说，计划生育政策也可能造就了一个小皇帝的国度，他们被父母宠坏了，不被要求在家里做任何劳动。It is likely that...是固定句型，意为“可能……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，故填that。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《华尔街日报》评论说，计划生育政策也可能造就了一个小皇帝的国度，他们被父母宠坏了，不被要求在家里做任何劳动。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词emperors是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。
【7题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，每年约有280万成年人死于与肥胖有关的疾病，如糖尿病、心脏病和癌症。由around 2,8 million adults die可知，obesity-related diseases是原因，且是名词短语，因此用because of，因此空格处是because。故填because。
【8题详解】
考查不定式。句意：据新华社报道，为鼓励全民运动，政府计划到2015年将全国公共体育面积提高到人均1.5平方米。由“exercise among Chinese, the government is working to increase the nation’ public sporting areas to 1.5 square meters per capita by 2015, Xinhua reported”可知，空格处用不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填To encourage。
B
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The illegal ivory trade (象牙贸易) has been a major problem in Africa for decades. Poachers (偷猎者) and hunters have killed hundreds of thousands of elephants to obtain this precious material. Now the areas in which they do it are taking action. The International Union for Conservation (保护) of Nature (IUCN) announced on Dec 3 that key states ____9____ poaching takes place have made a promise to stop the ivory trade and protect Africa’s elephants.
Recently, top officials and experts from 30 states met to discuss how to protect Africa elephants. The conference, ____10____ (organize) by the IUCN and the government of Botswana, was held in Gaborone, Botswana’s capital city.
In ____11____1980s, as many as 1 million elephants across Africa were killed for ivory. The ivory ____12____ (use) to make jewelry and other items. This continued until 1989, ____13____ the convention (大会) on International Trade in Species voted to ban all trade in ivory. Then, elephants’ population slowly began to increase.
According to the IUCN, 2011 saw the highest levels of poaching and illegal ivory trading in at least 16 years. Around 25,000 elephants were killed in Africa that year. “With an estimated 22,000 elephants illegally ____14____ (kill) in 2012, we continue to face a critical situation,” said John E. Scanlon, CITES Secretary- General.
At the meeting, key Africa states where elephants make ____15____ home agreed to develop a “zero-tolerance approach” to poaching. The deal calls for tough sentences for poachers and hunters, and increased cooperation between states where poaching and hunting is a big problem. All participants at the conference agreed to sign the deal. With these states ____16____ (come) together, there may be hope for elephants.
【答案】9. where
10. organized
11. the 12. was used
13. when 14. killed
15. their 16. coming
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是最近，来自30个州的高级官员和专家开会讨论如何保护非洲大象。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：12月3日，国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)宣布，偷猎猖獗的主要国家已承诺停止象牙贸易，保护非洲大象。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词states是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这次会议由世界自然保护联盟和博茨瓦纳政府组织，在博茨瓦纳首都哈博罗内举行。句中谓语是was held，空格处用非谓语动词，conference和organize之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填organized。
【11题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：在20世纪80年代，非洲有多达100万头大象被杀害以获取象牙。in the1980s是固定短语，意为“在20世纪80年代”，因此空格处是定冠词the，故填the。
【12题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这些象牙被用来制作珠宝和其他物品。空格处是谓语，句中描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，且象牙是被用，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语ivory是不可数名词，因此空格处是was used，故填was used。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种情况一直持续到1989年，当时国际物种贸易公约投票禁止所有象牙贸易。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词1989是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：CITES秘书长John E. Scanlon说：“2012年估计有2.2万头大象被非法杀害，我们继续面临着严峻的形势。”空格处是with复合结构，elephants和kill之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填killed。
【15题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：在这次会议上，大象栖息的主要非洲国家同意对偷猎采取“零容忍态度”。根据语境可知，句子表示“大象栖息的主要非洲国家同意对偷猎采取“零容忍态度””，空格处意为“它们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰home，故填their。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着这些国家的联合，大象可能会有希望。空格处是with复合结构，states和come之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填coming。
Section B (10%)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. marriage B. hesitation C. complicated D. happening E. guilty F. celebrating
G. duty H. performed I. famous J. disrespectful K. profited
Hamlet is the most ___17___ of William Shakespeare’s plays. While you read this article, somewhere there is an actor on a stage pouring out his heart to the audience.
The character of Hamlet has a personal, painful quality that still draws readers and playgoers today as it did 400 years ago. The problems he faces, such as what is ___18___and how he should respond to events, are ones we all face in our lives.
Hamlet is the young prince of Denmark. At the beginning, he is sad about his dead father. Everyone else around him is ___19___ the marriage of his mother Gertrude to her brother-in-law Claudius, the new king. Hamlet thinks that the short time between the death of his father and the marriage of his mother and uncle is ___20___ .
Hamlet is told that a spirit has been walking around Elsinore castle. He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brother Claudius — it was “murder most horrid (可怕的)”! Now, the ghost instructs him, it is his ___21___ to avenge (报仇).
Hamlet is in a terrible position. He does not know whether the ghost is who he says he is, or a being sent by the devil (魔鬼). Matters are ___22___ because Claudius is suspicious of his nephew. There is a cat-and-mouse game played between the king and Hamlet.
Hamlet has a play performed for the king which stages the way the ghost told him of his father’s murder. Claudius reacts with horror, proving to hamlet that he is ___23___. But Hamlet misses the opportunity to take his revenge.
He tells Gertrude he hates her ___24___ to Claudius. During their meeting he kills Polonius, who is the father of his love, Ophelia. Then, Lacerates comes back to the court. He’s heard that his father, Polonius, has been killed, so he wants to kill Hamlet.
Cunning (奸诈的) Claudius attempts to play Lacerates and Hamlet against each other, and in the final scene it all goes horribly wrong.
One ___25___ speech in the play begins “to be or not to be”: it is about how Hamlet can’t decide whether to get out of his bad situation by killing himself. Hamlet is a thinking man. One who thinks too much in the world where others, like Claudius, show no ____26____.
【答案】17. H 18. D
19. F 20. J
21. G 22. C
23. E 24. A
25. I 26. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》的故事梗概，讲述了主人公哈姆雷特的遭遇和复仇之路。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚戏剧中表演最多的一部。结合“Hamlet”和“William Shakespeare’s plays”可知，表演戏剧《哈姆雷特》，动词perform (表演)符合句意，是非谓语动词，和逻辑主语Hamlet是被动关系，用过去分词形式performed。故选H项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：他面临的问题，比如正在发生的事情，以及他应该如何应对事件，都是我们生活中面临的问题。事情在发生，动词happen (发生)符合句意，是从句谓语动词，主动语态，结合is可知，该空用现在分词形式happening与is一起构成现在进行时。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：他周围的其他人都在庆祝他的母亲格特鲁德与她的妹夫、新国王克劳迪斯的结婚。结合“the marriage”可知，庆祝他人结婚，动词celebrate (庆祝)符合句意，是谓语动词，主动语态，结合is可知，该空用现在分词形式celebrating与is一起构成现在进行时。故选F项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：哈姆雷特认为，从父亲去世到母亲和叔叔结婚之间的短暂时间是不尊重的行为。父亲没死多久，叔叔和母亲结婚，是一种不尊重的行为，形容词disrespectful (不尊重的)符合句意，作表语。故选J项。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：现在，鬼魂指示他，复仇是他的职责。由上文“He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brother Claudius — it was “murder most horrid (可怕的)”! (他遇到了鬼魂，它说他的父亲被杀了，而他的兄弟克劳迪斯——这是“最可怕的谋杀”！)”可知，父亲被叔叔所杀，复仇是哈姆雷特的职责，名词duty (职责)符合句意，作表语。故选G项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：事情很复杂，因为克劳迪斯怀疑他的侄子。由下文“because Claudius is suspicious of his nephew. There is a cat-and-mouse game played between the king and Hamlet. (因为克劳迪斯怀疑他的侄子。国王和哈姆雷特玩了一场猫捉老鼠的游戏)”可知，事情很复杂，形容词complicated (复杂的)符合句意，作表语。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：克劳迪斯的反应十分恐怖，向哈姆雷特证明他有罪。由上文“Hamlet has a play performed for the king which stages the way the ghost told him of his father’s murder. Claudius reacts with horror (哈姆雷特为国王表演了一出戏，上演了鬼魂告诉他父亲被谋杀的故事。克劳迪斯的反应十分恐怖)”可知，从克劳迪斯的反应看，他杀了哈姆雷特的父亲，形容词guilty (有罪的)符合句意，作表语。故选E项。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：他告诉格特鲁德他讨厌她和克劳迪斯的婚姻。由上文语境可知，母亲嫁给杀父仇人，哈姆雷特应该是讨厌母亲的婚姻的，名词marriage (婚姻)符合句意，作宾语。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：剧中一个著名的演讲以“生存或不生存”开头：这是关于哈姆雷特如何无法决定是否通过自杀来摆脱困境。由下文“to be or not to be (生存还是死亡)”可知，这句话很有名，形容词famous (著名的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词speech。故选I项。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这个世界上，有想太多的人，也有像克劳迪斯这样不犹豫的人。由上文“Hamlet is a thinking man. (哈姆雷特是一个有思想的人)”可知，与哈姆雷特形成对比，克劳迪斯对于“生存还是死亡”的回答，不会犹犹豫豫，名词hesitation (犹豫)符合句意，作宾语。故选B项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (1x2’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines; a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job advancing, the ability to read and comprehend ___27___ can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are ___28___ readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never ___29___ them. The main shortage lies in the actual stuff of language itself – words. Taken individually, words have little___30___ until they are combined together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, ___31___, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He read one word at a time with difficulty, often regressing to ___32___ words or passages. Regression, namely, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common ___33___ habit in reading. Another bad habit which ___34___ the speed of reading is vocalization –sounding each word either ___35___ or mentally as one reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set a slightly ___36___ rate than the reader finds comfortable, in order to “___37___” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically ___38___. At first comprehension is ___39___ speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill ___40___ improved after some training. Take Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can go through a lot more reading material in a(n) ___41___ period of time.
27. A. quickly B. silently C. thoroughly D. vaguely
28. A. casual B. curious C. efficient D. poor
29. A. acquire B. cultivate C. kick D. practice
30. A. formation B. meaning C. pronunciation D. transformation
31. A. however B. moreover C. somehow D. therefore
32. A. recite B. reread C. reuse D. rewrite
33. A. horrible B. incurable C. social D. viewing
34. A. achieves B. gains C. measures D. reduces
35. A. orally B. physically C. quietly D. repeatedly
36. A. better B. faster C. lower D. steadier
37. A. distract B. embarrass C. interest D. stretch
38. A. demanding B. impossible C. reasonable D. useful
39. A. applied to B. matched with C. sacrificed for D. substituted for
40. A. dramatically B. hardly C. slightly D. subconsciously
41. A. indefinite B. lengthy C. limited D. set
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文说明了对于今天许多人来说，阅读不再是件轻松的事情，要掌握一些方法，阅读的快慢与否决定着成功与失败，当你学会阅读的技巧，你不但读得快，而且你理解的会更全面。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在获得晋升的过程中，快速阅读和理解的能力可能意味着成功与失败的区别。A. quickly快速地；B. silently安静地；C. thoroughly彻底地；D. vaguely模糊地。由上文“To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines; a never-ending flood of words”可知，人们整日忙碌在书信、报告、商业出版物、部门文件之间，所以快速的阅读和理解能力是在获得工作晋升的过程中能够成功的关键。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，不幸的事实是，我们大多数人都是糟糕的读者。A. casual随便的；B. curious好奇的；C. efficient效率高的；D. poor较差的。由“unfortunate”可知，我们大多数人都不擅长阅读，是很差的阅读者。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人在很小的时候就养成了不良的阅读习惯，而且从来没有改掉过。A. acquire获得；B. cultivate培养；C. kick戒除；D. practice练习。由上文“Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never”可知，我们无法去改掉这些不良的阅读习惯，空格处意为“戒除”。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：单独来看，单词没有什么意义，直到它们组合成短语、句子和段落。A. formation形成；B. meaning意思；C. pronunciation发音；D. transformation变形。由下文“until they are combined together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs”可知，单词在没有组成短语、句子、段落的时候自身几乎没有意义。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，不幸的是，未经训练的读者不能阅读成组的单词。A. however然而；B. moreover而且；C. somehow以某种方式；D. therefore因此。根据上文“words have little___4___ until they are combined together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs”和下文“the untrained reader does not read groups of words”可知，前后句子表示转折关系，所以用however。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一次只能吃力地读一个单词，经常退回去重读单词或段落。A. recite背诵；B. reread重读；C. reuse再次利用；D. rewrite重写。根据上文“regressing”可知，退回去的目的就是为了重新读。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：回顾，也就是倾向于回顾你刚刚读过的东西，是阅读中常见的可怕习惯。A. horrible可怕的，不良的；B. incurable无法治愈的；C. social社会的；D. viewing观看。短文在说明两种不良的阅读方法，由下文的“Another bad habit”可知，重读是一种不良的阅读习惯。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个降低阅读速度的坏习惯是读音——在阅读时口头或心里朗读每个单词。A. achieves完成；B. gains获得；C. measures测量；D. reduces减少。根据下文“vocalization –sounding each word either ___9___ or mentally as one reads”及常识可知，本句在说明另一种减缓阅读速度的不良阅读方法，即在阅读时口头或心里朗读每个单词。故reduce“减少”符合语境。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一个降低阅读速度的坏习惯是读音——在阅读时口头或心里朗读每个单词。A. orally口头地；B. physically身体上；C. quietly安静地；D. repeatedly重复地。根据上文“sounding each word either”和下文“or mentally as one reads”可知，本句说明在心里把单词逐个读出来或者在口头上把单词逐个读出来都会影响阅读的速度。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：采用这种方式会将页面的滚动条（或屏幕）以预先设置好的速度向下翻页。A. better更好的；B. faster更快的；C. lower更低的；D. steadier更稳定的。根据上文“some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator”可知，训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关，所以这里用比较级faster。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：设定的速度要比读者觉得舒服的速度略快，以便让他竭尽所能。A. distract使分心；B. embarrass使尴尬；C. interest使感兴趣；D. stretch使竭尽所能，使施展本领。根据下文“The accelerator forces the reader to read fast”可知，加速器迫使读者快速阅读，这就使得阅读者可以竭尽所能。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：加速器迫使读者快速阅读，使得逐字逐句的阅读、退回和默读几乎不可能。A. demanding苛刻的；B. impossible不可能的；C. reasonable合情合理的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization”和前面讲到逐字逐句的阅读、退回和默读都是不好的习惯可知，训练快速阅读所使用的工具就是为了提高阅读速度，所以使得逐字逐句的阅读、重读和默读几乎不可能。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始，理解是为了速度而牺牲的。A. applied to适用于；B. matched with与……匹配；C. sacrificed for为……牺牲；D. substituted for代替。根据下文“But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve”可知，刚开始的时候阅读者为了阅读的速度而不去理解，也就是牺牲掉了理解，因此空格处是“为……牺牲”。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多人发现经过一些训练后他们的阅读能力有了显著的提高。A. dramatically显著地；B. hardly几乎不；C. slightly轻微地；D. subconsciously潜意识地。由下文“Take Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute”可知，Charlce Au从以前每分钟读172个单词，而现在每分钟可读1378个单词。所以，许多人发现他们的阅读技能在经过一些训练后有了显著的提高。故选A。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很高兴现在他可以在有限的时间内阅读更多的阅读材料了。A. indefinite不确定的；B. lengthy漫长的；C. limited有限的；D. set固定的。由前文“before the training, now”可知，他在训练后阅读的速度得到了提高，所以他可以在有限的时间内阅读更多的阅读材料了，故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious；that is，they are over concerned with their own appearance and actions.Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds:what kind of impression am I making？Do they like me？Do I sound stupid？Am I wearing unattractive clothes？
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably.Adperson's self concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions.In general，the way people think about themselves has a deep affect on all areas of their lives.Shy people，have low self-esteem（自尊），are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.They need reassurance that they are doing〝the right thing〞.Shy people arevery sensitive to criticism.It makes them feel inferior（自卑）.They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise:A'shy person may respond toa praise with a statement like this one:"You're just saying that to make me feel good.I know it's not true.〞It is clear that，while self？awareness is a healthy quality，overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely got rid of，or at least reduced？Fortunately，people can overcome shyness with determination.It is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths，for example，not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have to.be realistic.Living on the impossible leads to absence of inferiority.Each one of us has his or her own characteristics.We are interested in our own personal ways.The better we understand ourselves.the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
42. The first paragraph is mainly about
A. the thoughts of shy people B. the cause of shyness
C. the effect of shyness on people D. the questions in the minds of shy people
43. Shy people_____.
A. have low self-esteem B. are likely to be passive
C. are easily influenced by others. D. all of the-above.
44. According to the writer，self？awareness is
A. harmful to people B. a weak point of shy people
C. the cause of unhappiness D. a good characteristic
45. What is the shy people's reaction to praise？
A. They are pleased by it B. They feel it is not true
C. They are very sensitive to it D. They feel they are worthy of it
46. We can learn from the passage that shyness can
A. help us to live up to our full development
B. enable us to understand ourselves better
C. block our chances for a successful life
D. have nothing to do with lack of self esteem
【答案】42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C
【解析】
【42题详解】
本题解析略。
【43题详解】
本题解析略。
【44题详解】
本题解析略。
【45题详解】
本题解析略。
【46题详解】
本题解析略。
B
It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I’d read the signs: “Don’t give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers.” So I shook my head and kept walking.
I wasn’t prepared for a reply, but with no hesitation, he followed me and said, “I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can come with me and watch me eat!” But I kept on walking.
The incident kept bothering me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn’t have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he hadn’t been a real beggar. On a freezing cold night, no less, I assumed the worst of a fellow human being.
Flying back to Anchorage, I couldn’t help thinking of him. I tried to reason my failure to help by supposing government agencies, churches and charities were there to feed him. Besides, you’re not supposed to give money to beggars.
Somewhere over Seattle, I started to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage Daily News. Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, a local charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds of hungry local people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row of vegetables or flowers in their gardens for Bean’s? Plant a row for Bean’s. It’s clean and simple.
We didn’t keep records back then, but the idea began to take off. Folks would fax me or call when they took something in. It’s food for the spirit and comfort for my conscience.
In April 1995, the Garden Writers Association of America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchorage and after learning our program, Plant a Row for Bean’s became Plant a Row For The Hungry. The idea then was to have every member write or talk about planting a row for the hungry, which brought the program to national attention.
As more and more people participated, new variations cropped up. Many companies gave free seeds to customers and displayed the logo for the program. Donations poured in. It was then that I could really stop feeling guilty.
47. The underlined word “swindlers” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. policemen B. writers C. cheaters D. beggars
48. Why did the author think he assumed the worst of a fellow human being?
A. Because he didn’t show fair respect to a beggar treating him badly.
B. Because he could have helped a hungry man but he passed by.
C. Because he believed that no people begged because of real hunger.
D. Because he thought that charity work was the government’s duty.
49. How did the author make up for what he had done?
A. He set up a local kitchen to help the poor.
B. He planted a row of vegetables for charity.
C. He called on people to donate money to the Bean’s.
D. He initiated the idea of Plant a row for Bean’s.
50. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The beggar gave up the first time he was turned down by the author.
B. The author invented the program inspired by the Anchorage Daily News.
C. GWAA expanded the program concept and made it nationwide in 1995.
D. The program was later taken over by some seeding companies.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次拒绝一个乞讨者的请求后，内心难安，非常愧疚。利用自己在报社的工作，写了一篇专栏鼓励所有读者在自家花园里种植一排豆子，去帮助那些挨饿的邻居。
【47题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“I’d read the signs: “Don’t give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers（我看到标语上写着:“不要给乞丐钱，因为他们大多数都是swindlers）”可知，作者径直走开没有帮助那个乞讨者，因为认为他们是骗子。cheaters是近义词。故选C。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“So I shook my head and kept walking.（于是我摇了摇头，继续往前走。）”以及第三段“The incident kept bothering me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn’t have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he hadn’t been a real beggar. On a freezing cold night, no less, I assumed the worst of a fellow human being.（这个星期剩下的时间里，这件事一直困扰着我。我口袋里有钱，即使他不是一个真正的乞丐，给他一两美元也不会要我的命。在一个寒冷的夜晚，我把一个人往最坏的方面想。）”可知，作者认为他假设了一个人类同伴最坏的一面是因为他本可以帮助一个饥饿的人，但他却走开了。故选B。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, a local charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds of hungry local people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row of vegetables or flowers in their gardens for Bean’s? Plant a row for Bean’s. It’s clean and simple. （突然间，我想到了一个主意。Bean ’s Cafe是当地一家慈善服务厨房，每天为数百名饥饿的当地人提供食物。为什么不试着让我所有的读者在他们的花园里为Bean种植一排蔬菜或鲜花呢?种一排豆子。它干净而简单。）”可知，作者提出了“为豆子种植一排”的想法来弥补他所做的事。故选D。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In April 1995, the Garden Writers Association of America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchorage and after learning our program, Plant a Row for Bean’s became Plant a Row For The Hungry. The idea then was to have every member write or talk about planting a row for the hungry, which brought the program to national attention.（1995年4月，美国园艺作家协会(GWAA)在安克雷奇召开了年度会议，在学习了我们的项目后，“为豆子种一排”变成了“为饥饿者种一排”。当时的想法是让每个成员都写或谈论为饥饿的人种植一排，这使该计划引起了全国的关注。）”可知，1995年，GWAA扩大了该计划的概念，并将其推广到全国。故选C。


C
The decline in moral standards--which has long concerned social analysts--has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain for one, is glad.
The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation’s moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me’ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness” Ms. Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent “golden age,” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant’ be bought.”
51. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ________.
A have adapted to a new set of moral standards
B. are longing for the return of the good old days
C. have realized the importance of material things
D. are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
52. The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ________.
A. its growing wealth
B. the self-centeredness of individuals
C. underestimating the impact of social changes
D. the prejudice against women and minorities
53. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________.
A. was something unheard of B. was by no means a rare occurrence
C. attracted a lot of public attention D. began to appear in analysts’ data
54. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.
A. if people can return to the “golden age”
B. when women and men enjoy equal rights
C when people rid themselves of prejudice
D. if less emphasis is laid on material things
【答案】51. D 52. B 53. A 54. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国社会的道德衰落问题。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The decline in moral standards--which has long concerned social analysts--has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one. is glad.（道德标准的下降——这个长期困扰社会分析家的问题——终于引起了普通美国人的注意。Jean Bethke Elshtain就是其中之一。很高兴。）”可知，埃尔斯顿教授很高兴地看到，美国人正在意识到他们的道德标准正在降低。故选D。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me’ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says.（在美国社会实用主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。Elshtain女士说，“我为我而活”这种思想已经在国家的意识形态中深深地扎下了根。）”可知，美国社会的道德沦丧主要是由个人的自我中心造成的，故选B。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.（数据显示，美国人正在努力解决上世纪50年代闻所未闻问题，比如课堂暴力和未婚母亲的高出生率。）可知，在20世纪50年代，课堂暴力是闻所未闻的。故选A。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant’ be bought.（她说，除非人们找到办法对抗社会上的物质主义，否则道德衰退是无法逆转的。慢慢地，你会意识到重要的东西是那些买不到的东西。）”可知，根据Elshtain的说法，如果对物质的重视程度降低，当前的道德衰退可能会逆转。故选D。
D
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are thousands of coral reefs (珊瑚礁) in the world; Unfortunately, however, they are now in serious danger. More than one-third are in such bad shape that they could die within ten years.___55___Here are the three main causes discovered.
The first cause is pollution on land. The pollutants run with rainwater into rivers and streams, which carry the poisons into the ocean.___56___So they will be easily infected (感染) with diseases.
___57___Higher ocean temperatures kill the important food source (来源) for the coral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gold water plants that live on coral.___58___This process has happened more and more frequently in recent years.
The last factor contributing to the disappearance of coral reefs is people. People sometimes crash into reefs with their boats, breaking off large blocks of coral.___59___Moreover, some people even break coral off to collect for souvenirs since it is so colorful and pretty.
A. Global warming is another reason.
B. Many might not even last that long!
C. Divers who walk on reefs can also do serious damage.
D. Reefs provide a home for 25% of the fish in the ocean.
E. Chemicals from the poisons kill reefs or make them weak.
F. Steps must be taken now to stop over-fishing and pollution of the oceans.
G. When the algae die, the coral loses its color and it also dies in the end.
【答案】55. B 56. E 57. A 58. G 59. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍全球的海洋珊瑚礁正在受到破坏，以及对珊瑚造成危害的不同的原因
【55题详解】
根据上文“More than one-third are in such bad shape that they could die within ten years. (超过三分之一的珊瑚状况很差，可能在十年内死亡)”以及下文“Here are the three main causes discovered. (以下是发现的三个主要原因。)”可知设空处承上启下，应该继续说珊瑚遭破坏的程度，选项B“很多甚至可能不会持续那么久！”紧密连接上文，并且引出下文的原因，故选B。
【56题详解】
根据上文“The pollutants run with rainwater into rivers and streams, which carry the poisons into the ocean. (污染物与雨水一起流入河流和小溪，这些河流和小溪将毒物带入海洋。)”可知讲述污染物等对珊瑚造成破坏，所以E选项“来自毒品的化学物质会杀了珊瑚礁或让它们变得虚弱。”符合题意，故选E。
【57题详解】
根据下文“Higher ocean temperatures kill the important food source (来源) for the coral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gold water plants that live on coral. (更高的海洋温度杀死了珊瑚的重要食物来源——藻类，一种生活在珊瑚上的微小的绿金色水生植物。)”可推断此处说的是第二个破坏珊瑚的原因，和全球温度变暖有关，故选项A“全球气温变暖是另外一个原因。”符合题意，故选A。
【58题详解】
根据上文“the algae, the tiny greenish-gold water plants that live on coral. (藻类，一种生活在珊瑚上的微小的绿金色水生植物。) ”可知下文应该是和藻类相关，所以G选项“当水藻死了，珊瑚会失去颜色，最终死亡。”紧密连接上文，并且选项中的“the algae”和上文中的“the algae”相呼应，故选G。
【59题详解】
根据上文“The last factor contributing to the disappearance of coral reefs is people. People sometimes crash into reefs with their boats, breaking off large blocks of coral. (导致珊瑚礁消失的最后一个因素是人类。人们有时会用船撞到礁石上，撞断大块的珊瑚。) ”可知本段讲述的内容是人类怎样对珊瑚造成破坏的，选项C“在礁石上行走的潜水员也会造成伤害。”符合题意，故选C。
V. Translation (2+3+3+3+4)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
60. 按照惯例，在中国车辆靠右行驶。(practice)（汉译英）
【答案】It is the/a (common) practice to drive on the right in China.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，固定句型，主谓一致和不定式。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“按照惯例”是固定句型It is the/a (common) practice to do，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，“在中国”是in China，“车辆靠右行驶”是drive on the right，因此整句话翻译为“It is the/a (common) practice to drive on the right in China”。故答案为It is the/a (common) practice to drive on the right in China.
61. 报纸的标题应该是提供信息又吸引眼球的。(informative)（汉译英）
【答案】The headlines of a newspaper should be both informative and eye-catching.
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词，名词和形容词。“报纸的标题”是the headlines of a newspaper，“应该是”是should be，“提供信息又吸引眼球的”用形容词作表语，用both...and...连接，“提供信息的”是informative，“吸引眼球的”是eye-catching，因此整句话翻译为“The headlines of a newspaper should be both informative and eye-catching”。故答案为The headlines of a newspaper should be both informative and eye-catching.
62. 见面片刻后，他们就把谈话转到比较有趣的话题上去了。(switch)（汉译英）
【答案】They switched the talk to a more interesting subject after meeting each other for a moment/while/an instant.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和比较级。“见面片刻后”是after meeting each other for a moment/while/an instant，“他们就把谈话转到比较有趣的话题上去了”描述的是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“把谈话转到……上去”是switched the talk to，“比较有趣的话题”是a more interesting subject，因此整句话翻译为“They switched the talk to a more interesting subject after meeting each other for a moment/while/an instant”。故答案为They switched the talk to a more interesting subject after meeting each other for a moment/while/an instant.
63. 再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。(enclose)（汉译英）
【答案】The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed.
The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句，时态，with复合结构和非谓语动词。“再次见面时”用the second time引导时间状语从句，且描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“见面”是we met，“他送给我一本新出版的书”是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，翻译为“he sent me a newly-published book”，“里面附有一封感谢信”用with复合结构，“一封感谢信”是a letter of thanks，“附有”是enclose，letter和enclose是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动作宾补，因此“里面附有一封感谢信”是with a letter of thanks enclosed；“里面附有一封感谢信”也可用非谓语动词，book和enclose之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，“一封感谢信”是a letter of thanks，因此“里面附有一封感谢信”也可翻译为enclosing a letter of thanks。故答案为The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed./The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks.
64. 在十九世纪中期，杂志发展成为公众流行娱乐的主要来源。(It be….that)
【答案】It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine developed into the main source of popular entertainment for the general public.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，强调句和固定短语。题目要求翻译为强调句，结构是“It is/was+被强调的部分+who/that+其余部分”，句中强调的是时间“在十九世纪中期”，是during the mid-nineteenth century，是过去的时间，因此时态用一般过去时，“杂志”是the magazine，“发展成为”是develop into，时态用一般过去时，“……的主要来源”是the main source of，“公众流行娱乐”是popular entertainment for the general public，因此整句话翻译为“It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine developed into the main source of popular entertainment for the general public”。故答案为It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine developed into the main source of popular entertainment for the general public.