外研版 (新标准)八年级上册Unit 3 Language in use .优质学案

Module 4　Planes, ships and trains

Unit 3　Language in use

学习目标

1. 复习巩固本模块所学的生词和短语。

2. 复习巩固形容词和副词最高级的用法。

3. 制订家庭旅行计划。

自主学习

学习任务一：形容词和副词的最高级

观察下列句子，总结规律。

It’s the most comfortable way，but it’s also the most expensive.

He lives the farthest from school.

It is the fastest and the second cheapest.

The more information，the better.

总结：

形容词和副词的最高级

一、用法

当我们将三个或三个以上的人或事物进行某一特征的比较时，要用形容词或副词的　　　　来表达。

Daming is the　　　　 (tall) boy in his class.大明在他班里是最高的男孩。

Tony lives the 　　　　 (far) from school.托尼住得离学校最远。

二、形容词和副词最高级的构成

1. 规则变化。单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加　　　　 ，多音节词和大部分双音节词在前面加　　　　 。具体见下表：

2. 不规则变化。有些形容词和副词的最高级变化是不规则的，这些词需要特殊记忆。

续表　　　

三、形容词和副词最高级句型的一些标志词

1. in…，among…表示在某一范围内。

Jack writes the most carefully in his class. 杰克在他班里写字最认真。

This cartoon is the most popular among the young.

这部卡通片在年轻人中是最受欢迎的。

2. of…表示在并列的同类中。

Lingling is the shortest of the four girls. 在这四个女孩之中，玲玲个子最矮。

3.“one of + the +　　　　 +可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。

Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

上海是世界上最美丽的城市之一。

四、注意事项

1. 在句子中，形容词最高级前通常加　　　　，但前面如果有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等限定词，不须再加　　　　。

Wang Lin’s home is the closest to school. 王琳的家离学校最近。

Tom is my best friend. 汤姆是我最好的朋友。

2. 副词最高级的前面可以加定冠词the，也可以不加。

Mike runs（the）most slowly of the three boys.在这三个男孩之中迈克跑得最慢。

学习任务二：复习有关交通方式的表达

完成下面的词语图。

学习任务三：预习Unit 3

找出下面的短语并翻译，在组内朗读并记住它们。

in a hurry 　　　　  go to the airport 　　　　

a journey to　　　　   book the plane tickets　　　　

somewhere else 　　　　  thanks for 　　　　

the capital of 　　　　   on the east coast　　　　

合作探究

1. The cheapest way to get there is by coach. 到达那里最便宜的方式是乘长途汽车。

此处to get there 为动词不定式短语作　　　　，修饰前面的名词way。动词不定式（短语）作定语时，位于被修饰词之　　　　。

I have nothing 　　　　 (say) on this question. 在这个问题上，我没有什么话要说。

He was the first guest 　　　　 (arrive). 他是第一个到达的客人。

2. I am in a hurry. 我很着急。

in a hurry意为“匆忙，仓促”，既可作表语，也可作状语。此处hurry用作　　　　（词性），意为“匆忙”。

Tom went to school in a hurry this morning. 今天早上汤姆匆忙去上学。

拓展：hurry还可用作　　　　（词性），意为“匆忙”。hurry to do sth.意为“匆忙做某事”。

She 　　　　 get to the doctor. 她匆忙去请医生。

3. Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

Thanks for…意为“　　　　”。for是介词，后可跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式等，表示感谢的原因。

Thanks for 　　　　 (invite) me to your party. 谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。

拓展：Thanks to…意为“幸亏/由于……”。

Thanks to your help, we finished the work in time. 幸亏有你的帮助，我们及时完成了工作。

盘点收获

当堂达标

Ⅰ. 单项填空

1. 　　　　 all the subjects，English is my favourite.

A. Of B. In C. With D. For

2. This hotel is very old. It’s one of 　　　　 buildings in the city.

A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest

3. Linda walks to school every day because she lives the 　　　　 school.

A. far from B. farthest from C. close to D. closest to

4. I think Mark is 　　　　 of all the boys in our class.

A. most outgoing  B. more outgoing  C. the most outgoing  D. the more outgoing

5. — Wang Lin did 　　　　 in the final exam this term again.

— That’s not strange. He always gets full marks in all of his subjects.

A. worst  B. worse  C. best D. better

Ⅱ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. Could you please tell me where the 　　　　（near）bus stop is?

2. Lucy plays the piano very 　　　　（well），but Lily plays it much 　　　　（well）than Lucy. Alice plays 　　　　（well）of the three girls.

3. Hainan Island is the second 　　　　（large）island in China.

4. In my family my father is 　　　　（busy）and he gets up 　　　　（early）every day.

5. We all know that the Yellow River is one of the 　　　　（long）rivers in China.

6. The population of China is a little 　　　　（big）than that of India. China has 　　　　 （big） population in the world.

Ⅲ.阅读理解

New York is a very large city with millions of people. How do so many people move around the city on their way to work or school? Let’s know something about its transport.

In New York you can travel around the city by subway，by bus，by taxi or by car. The subway runs on the railroad lines under the city. It crosses the city at different points and goes to all parts of the city. Travelling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city.

The second way to travel around the city is by bus. It is a slower way to travel. This is because the traffic is very heavy.

You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is very expensive，but the taxi will take you to every place you want to reach. If the traffic is heavy，the taxi will be slow，too. During the mornings and evenings，there is the rush hour. The traffic is very heavy when people go to or get off work.

The last way to travel around New York is using your own car. However，it’s not easy for you to drive，especially when you are driving in the rush hour. If there is an accident on the road，you will have to wait for a long time.

The best time to travel around the city is from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm. This is the time after the morning rush hour and before the evening rush hour. The traffic will be less crowded because most people are already at school or at work.

1. The passage is mainly about     .

A. the road of New York B. the transport in New York

C. the people in New York D. traffic accidents in New York

2. The fastest way to travel in New York is     .

A. by bus B. by subway C. by taxi D. by car

3. The expensive way to travel in New York is     .

A. by bus B. by subway C. by taxi D. by car

4. The underlined phrase “rush hour” in the fourth paragraph means “    ” in Chinese.

A.比赛中的冲刺时刻  B. 一小时内所跑的路程

C.（上下班）交通高峰时刻 D. 匆匆忙忙的一小时

5. If you travel around New York in your own car，which of the following is the best time?

A. From 8:00 am to 10:00 am. B. From 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm.

C. From 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. D. From 10:00 am to 3:00 pm.

学后反思

当堂达标答案与解析：

Ⅰ. 1. A　of all the subjects为固定短语，意为“在所有科目中”。

2. D　“one of + the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最……的……之一”。

3. D　由前一部分句意“琳达每天步行去上学”可知，A、B两项与题意不符；由空格前的the可知，此处应用最高级，表示“因为她住得离学校最近”，故选D。

4. C　由of all the boys in our class可知，此处应用最高级。outgoing的最高级是most outgoing，形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，故选C。句意：我认为马克是我们班所有男孩中最外向的。

5. C　worst是bad/badly的最高级；worse是bad/badly的比较级；best是good/well的最高级；better是good/well的比较级。由下文“He always gets full marks in all of his subjects.”可推知王林考得最好，故选C。

Ⅱ. 1. nearest　2. well, better; (the) best　3. largest　4. the busiest, (the) earliest　5. longest

6. bigger；the biggest

Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了拥有数百万人口的大城市——纽约的出行方式以及在纽约出行的最佳时间段。

1. B　由文章第一段中的“Let’s know something about its transport.”以及下文内容可知本文主要介绍了纽约的交通，故选B。

2. B 由文章第二段最后一句可知，在纽约最快的出行方式是乘地铁，故选B。

3. C　由文章第四段中的第一句和第二句可知在纽约乘出租车很贵，故选C。

4. C　由画线词后句句意“当人们上下班时交通非常拥挤”可知C项正确。

5. D　由文章最后一段的第一句可知，在纽约出行的最佳时间是从上午9点到下午4点，D项在此时间段内，故选D。