【同步讲义】人教版英语八年级上册-Unit 5 Grammar and writing 讲义

Unit 5 Grammar and writing

单元语法讲练:一、动词不定式

知识点01  动词不定式的构成及用法

构成

动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时可以省略to.动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称和数的变化，其否定式是在to前加上not.具体用法见下面：

用法

1作宾语。

（1)在offer,plan,hope,decide,learn,wish,want,agree,refuse,begin,start,forget,remember 等动词之后作宾语。

Finally he offered to go shopping with me.最后他主动提出跟我一起去购物。

I want to see a film tonight.我想今天晚上去看电影。

【即学即练1】

Mario and his friends are making some plans           in an old people's home this summer.

A.work          B.working          C.to work

解析：

考查非谓语动词。Make plans to do sth.相当于 plan to do sth,意为“计划做某事”。答案C

（2)在know,decide,remember 等动词之后可用“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。

I don't want to stay at home,but I don't know where to go.我不想待在家里，但是我不知道能去哪里。

【即学即练2】

－My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer, but we haven't decided                       .

－Why not take the high-speed railway?

A. when to leave         B.how to get there        C.which hotel to choose       D.how long to stay there

解析：

考查“疑问词＋不定式”的用法。

句意：家人将去北京旅行，－今年夏天，我们一但是我们还没有决定怎样去那里。－为什么不坐高铁呢？

答语提示建议的是出行方式，排除A、C两项；D项how long表示“多久”，与答语意义不符。答案B

后可跟动词不定式的动词速记口诀

需要拒绝莫忘记（need,refuse, forget);

想要学习就努力（want,learn,try);

希望帮助并同意（hope/wish,help, agree);

喜欢决定后开始（like,decide,begin/start).

2作宾语补足语。

（1)在teach,ask,allow,invite,advise等动词之后用不定式作宾补。

My parents allow me to play computer games on weekends.我父母允许我周末玩电脑游戏。

（2)在let,make和have之后用省略to的不定式作宾补。

My mother often makes me clean the windows.我妈妈常常让我擦窗户。

Let them splash around in the pool for a while.让他们在水池中扑腾一会儿吧。

【即学即练3】

-What did the teacher say just now?

－He told us           in the river.

A.swim           B.swimming          C.not to swim          D.not swim

解析：

考查固定搭配。根据上下文语境可知空处表达“不要游泳”。Tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要

做某事”。答案C

特别提醒 不定式的否定形式，应在不定式前直接加not.如：ask sb.not to do sth.; tell sb. not to do sth.等。

3作状语。动词不定式表示目的。

They are working hard to save the injured tiger.他们正在努力营救那只受伤的老虎。

【即学即练4】

－Hi!Alice,why are you in such a hurry?

－         my best friend from Canada at the airport.

A.Meet            B.Meeting          C.To meet           D.Met

解析：

考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：－你好！爱丽丝，你为什么这么着急？－去机场接从加拿大来的我最好的朋友。meet在开头是祈使句；meeting 动名词作主语；to meet 表示目的；met是过去式。根据句意，应用

不定式表示目的。答案C

4作定语。不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。

She was the first person to think of the idea.她是第一个想出这个主意的人。

【即学即练5】

－I have less homework than before!

－Me,too. Now,we have enough time           sports.

A.do             B.doing              C.to do

解析：

考查动词不定式的用法。句意：－我现在的作业比以前少了。－我也是，现在我们有足够的时间去做运动了。不定式to do作名词的后置定语。答案C

5作主语。

（1)不定式直接作主语

To say is easy, but to do is not easy.说起来容易，但是做起来难。

（2)it作形式主语，不定式（短语）作真正的主语

It is difficult(for me) to learn maths well.(对我来说）学好数学很难。

【即学即练6】

It's necessary for students           eye exercises.

A.do            B.doing           C.to do

解析：

句意：对学生来说做眼保健操很有必要。根据句式：It is adj for sb.to do sth.可知答案C

单元语法讲练:二、考点询问或表达对某人、某物的看法

用法

1想我所想

询问他人对某人或某物的看法，常用句型：

1.How do you like...?你觉得······怎么样？

How do you like this dress?你觉得这条连衣裙怎么样？

2.What do you think of...?你认为······怎么样？

What do you think of the movie?你觉得那部电影怎么样？

3.How do you feel about...?你觉得······怎么样？

How do you feel about sitcoms?你觉得情景喜剧怎么样？

2爱我所爱

回答上述提问常用以下短句，用以表达自己对某人或某物的意见、看法等。

1.表达喜欢、赞同时，常用like,love等；

2.表达中间态度，常用don't/doesn't mind,“不介意，不反对”；

3.表达不喜欢、不赞同时，常用don't/doesn't like/love“不喜欢”或can't stand“不能忍受”。

－What does Tom think of rock music?汤姆认为摇滚乐怎么样？

－He doesn't like it./He doesn't mind it./He loves it.他不喜欢它。／他不介意它。／他喜欢它。

考法01  单元写作话题：谈论自己喜欢的电影或电视节目

单元话题

当下有很多选秀节目，对于这些节目，人们众说纷纭，观点不一，有褒有贬。你对此有什么看法？请以

Different Ideas on Talent Shows 为题写一篇短文。

写作要求：

1.语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺。

2.文章中要有自己单独的观点。

3.文章中不能出现真实的名字或学校。

4.80词左右。

Different Ideas on Talent Shows

Do you like watching talent shows?Nowadays, we can see more and talent shows on TV.                           

审题指导（把握中心，得方向分）

本话题是针对不同的选秀节目发表自己的看法，所以体裁应当是议论文。表达人们对选秀节目的看法，要用第三人称为主。而在文章中要发表自己的观点，所以要兼顾第一人称。表达人们日常的观点，使用一般现在时。

写作方法（学会方法，巧得高分）

“正方观点＋反方观点＋个人观点”写观点类文章

第一步：列举支持方观点

第二步：列举反对方观点

第三步：表达自己的观点

写作模板（学会套路，得基本分）

“正方观点＋反方观点＋个人观点”写观点类文章

支持方观点

1.It's fun to watch them.

2.make people's life more colorful

3.might make one's dream come true

反对方观点

1.Some students spend too much time...

2.Some teenagers even give up their study to take part in...

自己的观点

1. In my opinion...

2.We should regard them in a right way.

经典词句（妙用句式，得出彩分）

单词nowadays,ideas,fun, colorful,provide,performer,however,spend,program,wonderful,should

短语talent show, more and more,such as,come true, in the same way,be bad for,give up, take part in, in my opinion, in a right way

句子

1.We can see more and more talent shows on TV.

2.Different people have different ideas.

3. We can find some talented performers in these shows.

4.Not everybody thinks of them in the same way.

5.Some students spend too much time watching these programs.

6.We should regard them in a right way.

范文赏析（书写工整，得印象分）

Different Ideas on Talent Show

Do you like watching talent shows?Nowadays,we can see more and more talent shows on TV.What do you think of these shows?

Different people have different ideas. Some people think it's fun to watch them.They make people's life more colorful,and might make people's dream come true.②We can fund some talented performers in these shows.

However, not everybody thinks of them in the same way.Some people think it's bad for the students. Some students③spend too much time watching these programs.Some teenagers even give up their study to take part in them.

In my opinion,④these programs are wonderful,and sometimes they can make us relaxed. But we shouldn't spend too much time on them. We should regard them in a right way.

名师点评

⑦使用“it's + adj.+动词不定式”，使句式富有变化，阐述了支持方的一个观点。

②使用了make的不同结构，体现了对词汇用法的准确把握。

③使用＂spend time doing sth."这一经典句型，阐述了反对方的一个观点。

④ In one's opinion 这个短语使用很恰当，很自然地把文章的内容转换到表达自己观点的轨道上。衔接自然、流畅。

题组A  基础过关练

一、单项选择

1．Ifs necessary ________ children ________ some safety skills.

A．of; learning B．of; to learn C．for; learning D．for; to learn

2．Mary tried ________ a lot of vegetables and fruit to keep healthy.

A．eats B．eating C．eat D．to eat

3．—Why do many farmers sell their products online, Linda?

—________ them more easily. You know the Internet helps a lot.

A．To sell B．Selling C．Sell

4．I have some important news ________ you.

A．tell B．telling C．to tell

5．We should tell the students ________ in the river in summer. It’s so dangerous.

A．not to swim B．to swim C．don’t swim D．not swim

6．In the old days, they made the children ________ 12 hours a day.

A．work B．worked C．working D．to work

7．The policeman told the boy ________ in the street. It’s too dangerous.

A．not to play B．not play C．to play D．play

8．Let me ________ you to wash your clothes.

A．to help B．helping C．help D．helps

9．________ COVID-19, all the people in Changchun have to make nucleic acid test (核酸检测).

A．Stop B．To stop C．Stops D．Stopping

10．—Tim is often heard________ loudly in the next room.

—Yes. Listen! You can hear him ________ there now!

A．to sing; singing B．sing; singing

C．singing; to sing D．to sing; to sing

11．I didn’t succeed again. But my grandpa encourages me ________ again.

A．try B．tries C．to try D．trying

12．________ our party interesting, we need to have more creative ideas.

A．Make B．Making C．To make D．Made

13．Thanks to my Chinese teacher, he made _______ possible for me to face the difficulty.

A．this B．that C．one D．it

14．My sister, Lucy, is crazy about rock music and she hopes ________ the music club.

A．join B．joining C．to join D．joined

15．My parents told me ________ too much junk food because it’s bad for my health.

A．not eating B．not to eat C．eating D．to eat

二、完成句子

1．你真善良，能在空余时间去做一些志愿服务。

________ very kind ________ you _________ _________ some voluntary work in your free time.

2．熊擅长游泳，喜欢白天缓慢地四处走动。

Bears are ________. They like to ________ in the daytime.

3．早上七点是我们大声读书的最佳时间。

Seven o’clock in the morning is __________________ for us ____________________________.

4．他们想做点事来帮助那些老师。

They want to ________ ________ ________ ________ those teachers.

5．记住，每个人都能做些事情来做些改变。

Remember that everyone can ______________________.

三、同义句转化

1．Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （改为同义句）

________ bad for your eyes ________ ________ in the sun.

2．David is clever enough to make all kinds of kites. （改为同义句）

It is ________ ________ David ________ make all kinds of kites.

3．The project is so hard that Kitty can’t do it. （改为同义句）

The project is ________ ________ ________ Kitty ________ do.

4．Walking after meals is very helpful. （改为同义句）

________ is very helpful ________ ________ after meals.

5．His brother decided that he would buy the new book. （改为同义句）

His brother decided ________ ________ the new book.

题组B  能力提升练

一、阅读理解

Teaching kids good manners is very important. It’s best to do it when they are young.

Good eating manners begin with good table manners. Tell your kids that dinner time is family time. There should be no phones or text messages at the table. They can talk about family things.

Kids should say “please” and “thank you” when asking for food on the table. They should not reach over other people to get food. Teach your kids not to eat with their mouths open or talk with their mouths full. If it’s hard for them to understand, show them how it looks and sounds. When they see this, they’ll understand. They should also eat slowly and take small bites.

Washing hands is important to health. When eating at a friend’s house, tell your kids to thank the host. Let them put their own dishes in the sink（水槽） after diner. For elder children, they can help do the dishes.

1．It is best for kids to learn good table manners when they are ________.

A．young B．at school C．at friends’ houses D．at home

2．What should kids NOT do if they eat in a friend’s home ________.

A．Thank the host for the meal.

B．Help the host do the dishes if they can.

C．Reach over other people to get things.

D．Talk about family things during mealtime.

3．The passage may be for ________.

A．students B．parents C．children D．teachers

4．What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Asking kids not to use phones.

B．Asking kids to do some housework.

C．What we should do to eat happily.

D．Teaching kids about good manners.

二、补全对话7选5

请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从文后选择恰当的选项填人空白中，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。

A: The summer holiday is coming. ___1___

B: I decided to go to the Disneyland with my brother.

A: Really? That’s cool. ___2___ The one in Hong Kong or the one in Paris?

B: Neither. The one in Los Angeles. Because we want to visit Hollywood after that.

A: __3___

B: Five days in total. We will spend the first day in Disneyland and two days in Hollywood, and we will go to the beaches for the other two days.

A: Sounds great! ___4___ In a hotel, or in a home-style in a stranger’s house?

B: Well, our aunt lives in Los Angeles, so we will stay there.

A: ___5___

A．Lucky you.

B．Where are you going to stay?

C．How long will you spend in Los Angeles?

D．Which Disneyland do you want to go?

E．Where would you like to go during the holiday?

F．You are welcome.

G．Would you like to visit the Disneyland with me?

三、短文改错

下面短文中的画线部分是错误的, 请改正, 但不得改变原文意思。

When I am five years old, our family had a New Year's party. They asked me to be the hostess. Their purpose was encourage me. To their surprise, I talked and sang on the small stage without some fear. When I finished, all my family members clapped them hands to show what wonderfully I did! That made me become interesting in hosting. As I grew older, my interest in hosting grew. In the age of 12, I first appeared on the school stage to host a party. From then on. I expected become hostess on TV. But if there is a chance for me to stand on the stage. At last, I got a chance to stand on the middle school stage. I did more better this time than before.

____1_____

___  2____

____3____

____4____

____5____

____6____

____7____

____8____

____9____

___10____

题组C  培优拔尖练

一、单项选择

1．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important?

—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.

A．spend B．to spend C．spending

2．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school.

A．work B．works C．working D．to work

3．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.

—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.　　

A．swim; to follow B．swim; following

C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow

4．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day.

A．giving B．to give C．give D．given

5．（2022·广西·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.

A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go

6．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online.

—So it is.

A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy

7．（2022·福建·中考真题）It’s important for us ________ hard in order to have a better life.

A．work B．to work C．working

8．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.

A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making

9．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?

—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.

A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps

10．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）The teacher told Jack _______ off the light when he left the classroom.

A．turn B．turning C．to turn

11．（2021·四川甘孜·中考真题）The teachers often tell us ________ more reading.

A．doing B．to do C．does D．do

12．（2022·黑龙江佳木斯·二模）—A Chinese girl was seen ________ her name on the Great Wall.

—She shouldn’t do that. As a Chinese, we should protect our historical objects.

A．write down B．to write down C．writing down

13．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校模拟预测）—You know Harbin subway Line 2 has been open for a month.

—Yes. And I expect my parents ________ me to the Sun Island by subway.

A．taking B．to take C．takes

14．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）—Do you get on well with your parents? You only return home once a week.

—Yes, I often call them ________ my school life with them.

A．share B．to sharing C．to share D．shares

15．（2022·海南华侨中学模拟预测）Teachers often tell us ________ water or something else from strangers because it is very dangerous.

A．drink B．to drink C．not to drink

二、根据汉语提示填空

1．（2019·山东枣庄·七年级单元测试）Would you like to _________(跳舞) with me?

2．（2022·全国·八年级单元测试）We need to ________ (放松) after five days’ hard work.

3．（2022·全国·七年级单元测试）It’s wrong to ________ (打架) with your classmates.

4．（2022·全国·七年级单元测试）He is tall enough to ________ (伸手够到) the apple on the tree.

5（2022·全国·七年级单元测试）Don’t run in the room, please. I want to ________ (睡觉) now.

三、书面表达

（2022·广西·罗城仫佬族自治县教育局教研室八年级期末）我和Kelly是好朋友，放学后两人都喜欢看电视，但是我们喜欢不同的节目。请根据下表中的信息，写一写我和Kelly对电视节目的喜好以及对各节目的不同看法。

写作提示：

TV   programs I Kelly

Chinese history educational    can’t stand 

sports shows exciting doesn’t mind

talk shows boring interesting

soap operas meaningless can’t stand boring

写作要求：1. 应包括以上所有内容要点，可适当增加细节，使内容充实，意思连贯；

2. 字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清楚；

3. 词数80词左右，文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。Kelly and I are good friends.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________