2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习第七讲定语从句课件新人教版

这是一份2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习第七讲定语从句课件新人教版，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了高考真题练悟，考点多维突破，巩固训练夯提，when，why，where，whose，whom，thatwhich，whothat等内容，欢迎下载使用。

单句语法填空1．Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.[2022·浙江卷1月]
答案与解析：wh/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为指代人的a small but grwing minrity f academics，应用wh/that。
2．That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f ________ are nly gd fr ne use.[2022·北京卷]
答案与解析：which　定语从句关系词。分析该句结构可知，此处为“代词＋f＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，空处指代空前的“cups, bttles, and bags”，作介词f的宾语，故用which。
3．On the 1，100-kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.[2022·全国甲卷]
答案与解析：wh　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用wh。
4．BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.[2021·浙江卷1月]
答案与解析：that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是tl，关系词在从句中作主语，故用that/which。
5．The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.[2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]
答案与解析：that　考查定语从句。先行词“the species”指物，并且其前有all修饰，故此处应用关系代词that。
[感悟]　语法填空二谨记1．确定定语从句关系词的解题要领：根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。2．关系词应遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that；非限制性定语从句中用wh；(2)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm；非限制性定语从句中用whm；(3)如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which；(4)如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，用when或where；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that或which；(5)在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人，用whm；如果先行词指物，则用which。
在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句(一)wh, whm, whse引导的定语从句
(二)that/which/as引导的定语从句1．只用that引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne等不定代词时。If I run int anything that might interest yu, I'll send it yur way. (2)先行词被the nly, any, few, n, very等修饰时。After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。That is the best film that has ever been shwn s far in the city.(4)先行词既有人也有物时。My mther and her ld friends talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
2．只用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时David had a brain disease，which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children. 大卫患有脑部疾病，这使他不能像其他孩子一样行走或奔跑。[2022·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写](2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时I bught a great many bks，n which I spent all my mney that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时A small percentage f students learn thrugh reading bks and lking thrugh websites, which make up 18% and 12%.小部分学生通过阅读书籍和浏览网站来学习，分别占18%和12%。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达]
3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别She married again，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料不及的。She married again，as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
 即学即练单句语法填空1．After each cycle f trading, cmpanies ________ have leftver carbn allwances (限额) can sell them t thers.[2023·嘉兴市高三基础测试]
答案与解析：that/which　定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词cmpanies，先行词指物，该空在定语从句中作主语，故应填that/which。
2．The letter was ne f the earliest dcuments n recrd ________ mentined tfu in the West.[2023·南京六校高三联合调研]
答案与解析：that　定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且因为先行词中含有形容词最高级，故空处只能填关系代词that。
3．What makes smething a sprt? Traditinal definitins usually included sme physical activities ________ shw athletic ability r strength.[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州市质量检测]
答案与解析：which/that　定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示物的名词短语physical activities，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which/that。
4．The character “three” is shaped like a bk, ________ represents the lng histrical traditin f Rng Ba Zhai.[2023·湖南省高三联考]
答案与解析：which　定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且空处在定语从句中作主语，指代主句“The character ‘three’ is shaped like a bk”，故填which。
5．Instead f an ecnmy f the typical take-make-dispse mdel, ChpValue seeks t create ne ________ transfrms waste int a usable resurce.[2023·青岛市高三调研]
答案与解析：that　定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词ne，且在从句中作主语，所以填that。ne为不定代词，其后定语从句不宜用which引导。
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
【名师指津】(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如pint, situatin, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。(2)先行词ccasin意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。①He lived in a time when the blind culdn't get much educatin.在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。②I walked up t the tp f the hill with my friend，where we enjyed a splendid view f the lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。③I have cme t the pint where/at which I can't stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。④I'm writing t explain t yu the reasn why I was absent frm yur lecture last time. 我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。
 即学即练单句语法填空1．The reasn ________ this traditinal flatbread happening t be ppular amng the ethnic grups here lies in its being easy t bake, stre and transprt.[2023·湖南省第二次合检测]
答案与解析：why　考查定语从句。句意：这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里的少数民族中流行，是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasn，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，表示“由于这个原因”，应使用关系副词why引导该定语从句。
2．Wherever yu g in Xinjiang, whether nrth r suth f the Tianshan Muntains, yu'll ntice small stands ________sme crispy and delicius nang is sld.[2023·湖南省第二次合检测]
答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。句意：在新疆，无论你走到哪里，无论是在天山的北边还是南边，你都会看到一些卖酥脆可口的馕的小摊。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stands，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词where引导该定语从句。
3．The gvernment has als intrduced a new prpsal in rder t limit the amunt f after-schl educatin kids can attend, especially during hlidays and festivals, ________ kids shuld be having fun. [2023·郴州市第一次质量监测]
答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：政府还提出了一项新的建议，以限制孩子们可以参加的课外教育的数量，特别是在假期和节日期间，孩子们本应该享受乐趣。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是hlidays and festivals，在从句中作时间状语，要用关系副词when引导。
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若是表示人，就只能用whm；关系代词若是表示事物，就只能用which。
即学即练单句语法填空1．Prject Hpe, launched by the China Yuth Develpment Fundatin in 1989, is cmmitted t sending pr children t schls, and has made a difference in the lives f 6 millin students frm pr families natinwide ver the past three decades, amng ________ is Su.[2023·济南名校高三交流联考]
答案与解析：whm　定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。又因此处先行词指人，故填whm。
2．Nwadays an increasing number f peple in varius parts f China have begun t celebrate their flwer festival again, sme f ________， dressed in hanfu, a type f traditinal Chinese cstume, perfrm a series f ceremnies.[2023·江西重点中学协作体联考]
答案与解析：whm　分析句子结构可知， “”是一个完整的句子， 后面是“不定代词＋f＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。该从句的先行词是peple, 空前有sme f , 故关系代词只能用whm。
3．Last year, Cambridge University Library annunced that tw f Charles Darwin's ntebks had been missing frm their cllectin, ne f ________ cntains Darwin's “Tree f Life” sketch.[2023·浙江镇海中学考前模拟]
答案与解析：which　句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记本从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本里有达尔文的“生命之树”素描。分析句子结构可知，空处指代“tw f Charles Darwin's ntebks”，因此空后是“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，故填which。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The app des this by mnitring their time ________the users g t sleep, which means that yu will feel less sleepy when yu wake up every mrning.[2023·山东省实验中学模拟]
答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：该应用程序通过监测用户睡觉的时间来实现这一点，这意味着每天早上醒来时你会感觉不那么困了。分析句子结构可知，此处“________ the users g t sleep”是限定性定语从句，先行词是time，指时间，从句缺少时间状语，故填when。
2．The six greatest 18th-century carved marble (大理石) sculptures in the East Sculpture Hall ________ sustained the mst damage will receive cnservatin treatment.[2023·潍坊市高考模拟]
答案与解析：that　考查定语从句。句意：受损最严重的东方雕塑馆的6座18世纪最伟大的大理石雕塑将接受保护处理。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词sculptures是物，且被最高级greatest修饰，因此空格处用关系代词that，故填that。
3．An additinal reasn ________ it can be s desirable is that it tends t cme frm resurces that are free.[2023·南京市考前训练题一]
答案与解析：why　考查定语从句。句意：它如此可取的另一个原因是，它往往来自免费的资源。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasn，在从句中做原因状语，故填why。
4．In the US, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband funded Heritage Farm, a place ________ peple can stre and trade seeds.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二]
答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。句意：在美国，黛安·奥特·惠里和她的丈夫创立了传统农场，人们可以在这里储存和交易种子。分析句子结构可知，先行词是place，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
5．This stry abut self-respect and self-lve, ________ characters are Chinese, is set in Eurpe.[2023·河北省张家口市一模]
答案与解析：whse　考查定语从句。句意：这个关于自尊和自爱的故事，主人公是中国人，故事发生在欧洲。此处考查非限定性定语从句的关系词，先行词为This stry，先行词与characters为所属关系，设空处应用关系代词whse，后接characters，表示“故事的”。
6．The first space launch led t the first human space flight, ________ led t the first mnwalk.[2023·威海市高考模拟]
答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。句意：第一次太空发射引领了第一次人类太空飞行，这引发了第一次月球行走。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，故填which。
7．The Duble Ninth Festival is als a time ________ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blms.[2023·泰安市全真模拟]
答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：重阳节也是菊花盛开的时节。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词time是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when。
8．Gig wrkers, ften referred t as independent cntractrs (承包人) r temprary wrkers, are thse such as delivery drivers and nline sales hsts ________ ften enter int cntracts with n-demand cmpanies t prvide services fr their clients.[2023·广东省六校第一次联考]
答案与解析：wh　定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为thse，指人，空处在从句中作主语，故用关系代词wh。
9．By the time f the Ming Dynasty, peple culd use the abacus in additin, subtractin, multiplicatin and divisin, ________ were widely used fr calculating the weight, amunt, space and vlume.[2023·福州高三起点调研]
答案与解析：which　定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为additin, subtractin, multiplicatin and divisin，空处在从句中作主语，所以填which。
10．Shaxian snacks is a shining example f Chinese fd chain brands, ________ mst likely include fds such as steamed dumplings, ndles and huntun.[2023·辽宁省五校联考]
答案与解析：which　定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此句为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。
Ⅱ.语段填空(用适当的关系词填空)There was a time 1.________ I was tired f learning English and disliked speaking English.And this is the reasn 2.________ my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club，3.________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately, my guide, 4.________ teacher was Li Yang, cmmunicated with me face t face, frm 5.________ I gained sme useful instructins.He als shwed me a gd partner, and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.
Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6._________ we did.My father and the guide 7.________ encuraged me t fall in lve with English shuld be appreciated.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English, int 8.________ I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my wrds and passages alud.In class I will jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep, I will recall my passages, thrugh 9.________ I can memrize a large number f new ur English teacher says，“As lng as we frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance, we will cnquer English sner r later.”
Ⅲ.写作运用完成下面短文，注意定语从句的运用。1．___________________ (众所周知), high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and 2.____________________________________________ _______(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所)．My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin.Having had a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd 3.__________________ (我们的在校经历)．
As is universally knwn
high schl campus is an imprtant place where students study and live
ur experiences at schl