高中北师大版 (2019)Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction课文配套课件ppt

这是一份高中北师大版 (2019)Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction课文配套课件ppt，共35页。PPT课件主要包含了extinction，species，die out，endangered，habitat，Extinction，would have等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．____________ n. 物种，种2．____________ adj. 异常的；不平常的3．____________ adj. 大量的4．____________ adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的5．____________ vi. & vt. 减少 n.减少；减少的量6．____________ vt. 责怪，指责7．____________ vt. 影响8．____________ adj. 濒危的9．____________ adj. 太阳光（能）的10．____________ vi. & vt. （使）孵化11．____________ vt. （使）恢复
species　unusual　mass　varied　decreaseblame　affect　endangered　slar　hatch　restre　　
1．at the rate f… ________________2．be based n… ________________3．lay eggs ________________4．be at risk ________________5．wipe ut ________________6．die ut ________________7．up t… ________________8．in shrt ________________9．accrding t ________________10．take steps ________________11．be t blame ________________
以……的速度/比例　基于……　产卵/下蛋　处境危险；受到威胁　彻底毁灭　消失；绝迹；灭绝高达……　简而言之　根据；按照　采取措施　把……归咎于　
wipe sth ut
glbal warming
a situatin in which smething n lnger exists
in danger f being harmed r lst
the natural envirnment in which an animal r plant usually lives
a set f animals r plants in which members have similar characteristics t each ther
t destry smething cmpletely
a gradual increase in wrld temperatures caused by gases such as carbn dixide that are cllecting in the air arund the Earth and stpping heat escaping int space
t becme less cmmn and finally stp existing
(　　) 1. Hw many times up t tday has life n Earth almst died ut? a. Once. b. Five times. c. Mre than 10 times.
Hw much d yu knw abut extinctin? Chse the ptin based n yur knwledge.
(　　) 2. Abut what percent f all species n Earth became extinct during the mass extinctin knwn as the “Great Dying”? a. Less than 10%. b. Nearly 50%. c. Mre than 90%.
(　　) 3. What d scientists think will cause the next mass extinctin? a. Human activity. b. Natural causes. c. Unknwn reasns.
Extinctins, where entire species are wiped ut, are nt unusual in ur Earth’s histry. In fact, ver 90 percent f all species that ever lived are nw extinct. In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended. These include the third mass extinctin, knwn as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% t 96% f all species. And the fifth event, which ccurred 66 millin years ag, caused the death f the dinsaurs. The reasns fr extinctins are varied. Accrding t scientists, they include vlcanic eruptins, asterids hitting the Earth frm space, changes in sea levels, the decrease f the xygen cntent f the sea and glbal warming. Many scientists say we are nw entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinctin. This time, human activity will be t blam
Read a text abut extinctin. Then check yur answers in Activity 1.
Althugh it is nt unusual fr species t die ut naturally, the rate at which this is nw happening is cause fr cncern. A 2015 study by scientists wh were based at Brwn University and Duke University in the US, lked at hw quickly species die ut due t natural causes, that is, the “backgrund extinctin rate”. They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal. There is a lng list f reasns why s many species are dying ut: air and water pllutin, frests being destryed, factry farming and verfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants.
If a sixth mass extinctin ccurs, scientists wh have studied the issue believe that up t three quarters f all species n Earth culd die ut. Of curse, as we humans depend n s many species fr ur survival, we wuld als be at risk f dying ut. Our wrld and ur lives depend n the balance in nature between animals and plants. Withut frests, we wuld have n air t breathe, and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.
Can a sixth extinctin be avided? Experts say that it is nt yet t late, if we take actin nw. This wuld mean we have t significantly change the way we live. Fr example, we need t take steps t save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected. We need t change hw we wrk and travel by using cleaner, mre natural surces f energy, such as wind and slar energy. We als need t imprve ur farming methds t reduce water, air and land pllutin. In shrt, if we want t survive, we need t stp destrying the planet that we live n and start t prtect it.
The Black RbinBlack rbins are the birds that humans saved frm extinctin. In 1980, there were nly five black rbins left in the wrld. They all lived n a small island ff the cast f New Zealand. Only ne f thse birds, a female called Old Blue, was able t lay eggs. Wildlife wrkers began a prgramme fr raising black rbin chicks. They prtected Old Blue’s eggs, helped them t hatch, and tk care f the chicks. Thanks t their effrts, there are nw mre than 250 black rbins, and the ppulatin is spreading. T help them survive, peple are restring their habitats and remving small animals that hunt them, such as mice and cats frm the islands where they live.
Ntesrbin n. 知更鸟habitat n. 栖息地
Meaning f extinctin
Hw t avid the sixth mass extinctin
Main reasns that cause extinctins
Tw ntable extinctins and their cnsequences
The number f extinctins that have ccurred s far
Read the text. Cmplete the ntes. Then talk abut the different aspects f extinctins.
1. Meaning f extinctin:
entire species are wiped ut
ver 90% f all species that ever lived
the third mass extinctin, which killed 90% t 96% f all species; the fifth event, which ccurred 66 millin years ag, caused the death f the dinsaurs
vlcanic eruptins, asterids hitting the Earth frm space, changes in sea levels, the decrease f xygen cntent f the sea, glbal warming
3. Tw ntable extinctins and their cnsequences:
4. Main reasns that cause extinctins:
2. The number f extinctins that have ccurred s far:
change the way we live, e.g. save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected; change hw we wrk and travel by using cleaner, mre natural surces f energy; imprve ur farming methds
5. Hw t avid the sixth mass extinctin:
1. What did scientists find ut in 2015?
The study fund hw quickly species die ut due t natural causes, that is the “backgrund extinctin rate”. They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.
Because human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants.
2. Why des the writer think the sixth mass extinctin will cme?
Read again. Answer the questins.
Because ur wrld and ur lives depend n the balance in nature between animals and plants.
3. Why des the writer believe we’ll prbably die ut if 75% f the Earth’s species die ut?
Peple prtected Old Blue’s eggs, helped them t hatch, and tk care f the chicks. Peple are restring their habitats and remving pests like mice and cats frm the islands where they live. The case study shwed that even in desperate situatins, we can d smething t help. In shrt, it’s never t late.
4. What did peple d in the case study t prtect black rbins? Which claim(s) did the case study supprt in the text?
In the last 500 millin years, there have been five mass extinctin events n Earth. In the third event, which 1. __________ the “Great Dying”, 90% t 96% f all species 2. _________. Of curse, species died ut due t many causes. But nwadays, human activity 3. ___________ all types f species that we 4. ___________ fr living. We need t 5. ___________ t avid the sixth mass extinctin. We shuld 6. __________ t save endangered animals and plants, and 7. _______ special areas t 8. ___________ them befre the next extinctin cmes that may 9. _________ the entire species.
die ut be knwn as have affected depend n wipe ut take steps take actin set up take care f
Cmplete the paragraph abut extinctins using the crrect frm f the phrases belw.
has affected
take care f
Read the sentences and discuss which wrd(s) the clauses (in italics) refer t.
1. Extinctins, where entire species are wiped ut, are nt unusual in ur Earth’s histry.
“where entire species are wiped ut” refers t “Extinctins”
2. These include the third mass extinctin, knwn as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% t 96% f all species.
“which killed 90% t 96% f all species” refers t the “Great Dying”
3. A 2015 study by scientists wh were based at Brwn University and Duke University in the US, lked at hw quickly species die ut due t natural causes...
“wh were based at Brwn University and Duke University in the US” refers t “scientists”
Read the sentences and discuss which wrd(s) the clauses (in italics) refer t.
4. If a sixth mass extinctin ccurs, scientists wh have studied the issue believe that up t three quarters f all species n Earth culd die ut.
“wh have studied the issue” refers t “scientists”
5. We need t take steps t save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected.
“where plants and animals can be prtected” refers t “special areas”
Which f the clauses abve:(1) give infrmatin t identify the persns / bjects. (_____________)(2) give extra infrmatin abut a persn r a thing, which can be left ut. (________________)
Fcus n language: Relative clauses—Defining clause and Nn-defining clause
defining clause
nn-defining clause
用法（1）：彻底消灭，全部摧毁（具体的物品） 例句1. The disease threatens t wipe ut the entire ppulatin. 这种疾病有可能毁灭整个种群。 仿写：A vlcanic eruptin nearly _______________________ f Mntserrat in 1997． 1997年的一次火山喷发差点把蒙特塞拉特这个小岛给毁灭了。
用法（2）：去除，抹去（抽象的东西） 例句2. I really hpe surgery culd wipe ut the tired feelings. 我真的希望手术可以去除这些疲劳的感觉。 仿写：A disease has ________________________. 一场疾病把他所有的记忆都抹去了。
(P52) Extinctins, where entire species are wiped ut, are nt unusual in ur Earth’s histry. 物种灭绝，即整个物种的完全消失，在地球历史上并不罕见。
1．wipe ut 彻底毁灭
wiped ut the small island
wiped ut all his memries
用法（1）：It is unusual (fr sb.) t d sth. 做某事对某人来说是不寻常的 例句1. It’s unusual fr him t feel very angry in a situatin like this. 在像这样的情况下，他大发雷霆是不寻常的。
2．unusual adj. 异常的；不平常的
用法（2）：It is unusual that sb. d sth. 某人做某事是不寻常的 例句2. It is nt unusual that she reaches ut her helping hand. 她经常出手相助。
【词汇拓展】unusually adv. 不寻常地 usual adj. 通常的 usually adv. 通常地than usual 比平时 as usual 像平常那样
【针对练习】 单句语法填空(1) Chpsticks are _________ (usual) tw lng, thin pieces f wd r bamb. They can als be made f plastic, animal bne r metal.(2) This time, we stayed tgether, in case anything else _________ (usual) happened.(3) But a few days ag, this ancient twn was __________ (usual) full f peple.(4) He was an _________ (usual) man with great business talents.
(P52) The reasns fr extinctins are varied. 物种灭绝的原因多种多样。
3．varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的
【词汇拓展】 vary vi.（根据情况）变化，改变；（大小、形状等）相异，不同 vary with… 随……而变化 vary frm… 不同于…… vary in… 在……方面不同/有差异 vary frm…t… 从……到……不等/不同
【语言提升】varied adj.不同的，多变的，各种各样的，形形色色的（＝varius）
【针对练习】 单句语法填空 (1) The three grups f vilinists ________ (vary) a lt in their practice times last mnth. (2) In 2020, Wrld Wildlife Day celebrated bidiversity, including wild fauna and flra, in all its ________ (vary) and beautiful frms. (3) I like reading bks very much, especially strybks, varying frm Chinese stries ________ English stries. (4) Changes in price nrmally vary ________ changes f supply and need. (5) Thugh Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary ________ character.
(P52) Althugh it is nt unusual fr species t die ut naturally, the rate at which this is nw happening is cause fr cncern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度令人担忧。
4．die ut 消失；绝迹，灭绝
【词汇拓展】die ff 相继死去，先后死去die dwn 逐渐变弱，逐渐平息die frm/f 死于……die away 逐渐减弱，逐渐消失be dying fr sth./t d sth. 渴望某物/做某事
【针对练习】 单句语法填空 (1) The prey species they directly attack will die ________. (2) In 2016, just ver 400,000 peple died ________ the disease. (3) I am dying ________ a glass f water. (4) The wind will die ________ in the evening. (5) S far wrldwide, it is reprted that mre than 90,000 peple have been infected with the new crnavirus and mre than 3,000 have died ________ less than three mnths.
1. (P52) In the last 500 millin years, __________________ five times when life n Earth has almst ended. 在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝了。2. (P53) ________________ human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。3. (P53) Withut frest, we ____________ n air t breathe. 没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气。
there have been
It is clear that
1. (P52) In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended. 在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝了。 ▷there be句型的用法：（1）本句是there be句型的现在完成时。there be结构中的be动词可以根据具体情况，有 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、be ging t结构、used t结构等。 例句1. There used t be a twer by the river. 河边曾经有一座塔。 例句2. There will be heavy snw next week accrding t weather reprt. 根据天气预报，下周将有大雪。
1．there be句型的用法
（2）there be结构还可以根据具体的情况，与同情态动词或seem，happen，remain等连用。 例句3. There must be smene t meet yu when yu arrive. 你到了后，一定会有人接你的。 例句4. There seems t be smene crying in the next rm. 似乎隔壁有人在哭。
（3）there be句型中，be动词有时可用lie，stand，live，exist等替换，表示某个时候或某地有某物。 例句5. On the suthwest frntier f China, there lie many frests where live a great variety f plants and animals. 在中国西南边陲有许多森林，那里生长着各种各样的植物和动物。 例句6. There exists an argument abut the arrangement fr the hlidays. 关于度假的安排之事还存在争论。
(P53) It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth, including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。【句式剖析】 本句中的It是一个形式主语。其后接的is clear是一个系表结构。后面的that从句在句中作真正的主语。
（1） 在这个结构中，that从句的谓语部分通常是“shuld＋动词原形”。 例句1. It is necessary that yu shuld behave well at schl. 在学校你应该表现好一点。
2．it is＋形容词（表语）＋that从句（真正的主语）
▷it is＋形容词（表语）＋that从句（真正的主语）句式用法：
（2）这句型中的表语，除了是形容词外，还可以是名词。 例句2. It is yur duty that yu shuld take gd care f yur parents. 照顾好你的父母是你的职责。
（3）这个句型中的that从句可以转换成动词不定式短语fr sb. t d sth. 。 例句3. It is impssible that they shuld have finished s much wrk in such a shrt time. ＝It is impssible fr them t have finished s much wrk in such a shrt time. 他们在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作是不可能的。
(P53) Withut frest, we wuld have n air t breathe. 没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气。【句式剖析】 本句的介词withut引出的条件是一个假设的条件，句子的谓语动词这时用虚拟语气。
（1）与现在事实相反； 谓语部分：wuld/culd/might (nt) d sth. 例句1. Withut air, man culdn’t exist n the earth. 没有空气的话，人类将不能在地球上生存。
3．withut引导的虚拟语气
▷withut引导虚拟条件时，谓语动词要使用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词有如下三种形式：
（2）与过去事实相反； 谓语部分：wuld/culd/might (nt) have dne sth. 例句2. Withut yur help, I wuld have failed the exam last week. 没有你帮助的话，我上周考试可能就通不过了。
（3）与将来事实相反； 谓语动词：wuld/culd/might (nt) d sth. 例句3. Withut yur ticket, I wuldn’t be able t g t the cncert tmrrw. 要是没有你的票的话，我明天就不能去听音乐会了。
Ⅰ．判断正误(　 　) 1. In the last fifty millin years, life n earth has almst died ut.(　 　) 2. Human activities are t blame fr the previus life extinctin.(　 　) 3. Human activities have s far negatively affected life n the earth.(　 　) 4. Life will almst die ut in the sixth mass extinctin.(　 　) 5. Our wrld and ur lives depend n the balance in nature between animals and plants.
Ⅱ．阅读理解(　　) 1．Why des the authr mentin the extinctins in histry in the first paragraph? A. T shw us the terrible disasters fr mankind. B. T tell us the climate’s impact n wildlife. C. T intrduce the tpic f this text t the readers. D. T warn us f the ptential disasters t mankind.
(　　) 2．What wrries us mst accrding t the authr? A. The destructin f ur habitats. B. The rapid prgress f life extinctin. C. The envirnmental pllutin. D. The imbalance f nature.
Ⅱ．阅读理解(　　) 3．What can we infer frm the third paragraph? A. Human beings are clsely related t nature. B. Mst living things will die ut in the future. C. N frest will exist n the earth in the future. D. Oxygen will sn disappear n the earth.
(　　) 4．What des the authr intend t d in the last paragraph? A. T shw us what t d t avid the sixth distinctin. B. T tell us what t d t cnserve ur envirnment. C. T encurage us t save mre energy in ur life. D. T explain why t prtect the natural envirnment.