高考必考语法精讲精练专题二：代词 Word版含解析

这是一份高考必考语法精讲精练专题二：代词 Word版含解析，共8页。试卷主要包含了 ne, sme与any， each和every， nne和n， ther和anther等内容，欢迎下载使用。
代词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考考点。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题（完形填空）考查的是代词whever、whatever、whichever与whenever的辨析；第63题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法；第78题（短文改错）考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析，第80题（短文改错）考查的是yur与ur的辨析。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题（完形填空）考查的是代词each，anther，this与that的辨析；第68题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法（给出代词it，根据题意须将其变为its）；第71题（短文改错）考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析；第79题（短文改错）考查的是ur与his的辨析。
2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
I.代词种类：
II.人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表：
III.不定代词用法注意点：
1. ne, sme与any:
1) ne可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为nes。sme多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One shuld learn t think f thers.
Have yu any bkmarks? N, I dn’t have any bkmarks.
I have sme questins t ask.
2) sme可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。
Wuld yu like sme bananas?
Culd yu give me sme mney?
3) sme 和any修饰可数名词单数时，sme表示某个，any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in sme magazine.
Please crrect the mistakes, if any.
4) sme和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。
There are sme 3,000 students in this schl.
D yu feel any better tday?
2. each和every:
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Each student has a pcket dictinary.
Each (f us) has a dictinary.
We each have a dictinary.
Every student has strng and weak pints.
Every ne f us has strng and weak pints.
3. nne和n：
n等于nt any，作定语。nne作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。
There is n water in the bttle.
Hw much water is there in the bttle? Nne.
Nne f the students are (is) afraid f difficulties.
4. ther和anther:
1) ther泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the ther day, every ther week, sme ther reasn, n ther way,
the ther特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the thers。如：
He held a bk in ne hand and his ntes in the ther.
Tw students in ur class failed, but all the thers passed the exam.
2) anther指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是thers，泛指“别的人或事”如：
I dn’t like this shirt, please shw me anther (ne).
The trusers are t lng, please give me anther pair / sme thers.
Sme like ftball, while thers like basketball.
5. all和bth, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。bth和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和nne.
All f the bks are nt written in English.
Nt all f the bks are written in English.
Bth f us are nt teachers.
Nt bth f us are teachers.
Either f us is a teacher.
= 4 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT IV.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·代词
考点规律分析：短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。语法填空主要涉及代词的单复数、人称代词主格、宾格以及所有格之间的转换，反身代词及不定代词的用法等。
代词单句改错之真题训练：
1. David pinted t a path which it he thught wuld prbably lead t a village.
2.When we walked t the car, Bill smiled and shk head.
3.We climb everywhere, nt nly in America. They have been t Eurpe many times.
4. And I can’t frget the gd fd yu cked fr I.
5. I hpe that bth yu tw culd cme and visit us sme time sn.
6.The Smiths did his best t make me feel at hme.
7.And they must nt break the rules t ften if we want t win the game.
8. Nw I can’t watch much televisin, but a few years ag…
9. I’ll spend all the whle weekend reading and preparing fr it.
10. I think I liked thse classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the wrld wrks.
11. …in any ther wrds, I am an nly child.
12. Fr example, when he bught a chclate cake, he put them in a secret place I culdn’t find.
13. Then he ate it all by himself. He never helped ther.
14. I was learning t express me in simple English.
15. One day I wrte a little stry and shwed t my teacher.
16. At nce I aplgize and cntrlled me at my best till the dinner started.
17. And every year mre and mre peple start a stamp cllectin f yur wn .
18. What’s mre, yu have t be friendly with yur pupils and take gd care f him.
代词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. Here are sme letters fr yu and he.
2. She lves swimming. It keeps she fit.
3.Here are the cats Auntie brught us. Take gd care f it.
4. Everyne here gets up earlier than her des.
5. Here is my dg. It’s name is Petty.
6. He pened muth as if t say smething.
7. Dn’t lse yur heart. Try again.
8. The Smiths have been married, but have n children f his wn.
9. I tell him everything, fr he is a gd friend f me.
10. He smiled at her and laid her hand n hers.
11. When yu are away frm hme, yu shuld lk after yu.
12. If yu have any questin, put up hand.
13. It’s a very imprtant thing. Yu must think ver carefully.
14.I dn’t like these; please shw me sme ther.
15. In rder t catch the thief, the plice did his best.
16. This is the bk which yu bught it fr me ten years ag.
17. I’m very srry abut all the whle thing.
18. When I gt up, I fund parents were preparing breakfast fr me.
19. Yes, mney is very imprtant, but it is nt anything.
20. At the airprt, all his baggage was stlen, but sn he gt them back.
代词单句改错之提升训练：
A级
1. She gave the bks t yu, him and I.
2. Whse dictinary is this? ---- It's my.
3. This is Tm's cap, nt yur.
4. I haven't brught the dictinary with me. Will yu lend me yur?
5. Kate and her sister went n hliday with a cusin f hers.
6. He is t yung t lk after he.
7. He always helps thers. This is why we trust him.
8. That tk him three hurs t finish the hmewrk.
9. Wh is that man? ---- He is a teacher.
10. They were bth very tired, but nne f them wuld stp t take a rest.
B级
1. It is me wh am ging t help her.
2. He thinks mre f thers than f neself.
3. We had better ask the president him abut it.
4. That is exactly all what I want t tell yu.
5. What she said is the same as us.
6. The weather in summer in Beijing is htter than it in Guangzhu.
7. He runs faster than anyne in his class.
8. I dn't think that pssible t master a freign language in a shrt time.
9. Each f them knew abut the plan because it was kept a secret.
10. He paid the by $10 fr washing ten windws, mst f thse hadn't been cleaned fr at least a year.
代词单句语法填空之真题训练：
1.On my recent visit, I held a lively three－mnth－ld twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mther.
2.N news is gd news, and gd news is n news.________are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers.
3.Fr the first time, I feel gd abut ________ (me) because I’m ding smething, nt because smene tld me I was ding gd.
4.Bth men and wmen are living lnger these days in industrialized cuntries.Hwever, wmen, n average, live lnger.In general, ________can expect t live six r seven years mre than men.
5.In many ways , the educatin system in the US is nt very different frm________in the UK.
6.Hw wuld yu like ________ if yu were watching yur favrite TV prgram and smene came int the rm and just shut it ff withut asking yu?
7.The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knws the date fr sure.
8.T warm himself，the sailr sat in frnt f the fire rubbing ne bare ft against the ________.
9.Niki is always full f ideas，but________is useful t my knwledge.
10.The quality f educatin in this small schl is better than ________ in sme larger schl.
11.The research grup prduced tw reprts based n the survey, but ________ cntained any useful suggestins.
12.Yu can ask anyne fr help.________ here is willing t lend yu a hand.
13.—When shall I call，in the mrning r afternn?
—________.I'll be in all day.
14.She'd lived in Lndn and Manchester，but she liked ________ and mved t Cambridge.
15.Susan made________ clear t me that she wished t make a new life fr herself.
16.I'd appreciate ________ if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
学习札记：
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参考答案及解析
语法专题二：代词
代词单句改错之真题训练：
1.去掉 it，因它与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复)
2.head 前加 his，汉语可“摇头”，而英语的习惯要说 shake ne’s head
3.They 改为 We，前后人称不一致
4.I 改为 me，因介词之后的人称代词要用宾格
5.去掉 bth。因 bth 与后面的 tw 意义重复，况且词序安排也不对
6.his 改为 their，因前面的 the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家”，是复数意义
7.they 改为 we，根据句意，主从句的主语应该一致
8.去掉 much，因为从下文看作者现在根本就不看电视
9.去掉 all，因 all 与 whle 语义重复
10.it 改为 they，因它表示 thse classes
11.去掉 any，因 in ther wrds 为固定短语，意思是“换句话说”
12.them 改为it，因它指代上文提到的a chclate cake
13.ther改为thers，thers 泛指“其他人”
14.me 改为 myself，express neself 为固定结构，意为“表明意思、意见，表达思想”
15.shwed 后加 it，shwed 在此作及物动词，后面缺少宾语
16.me 改为 myself，根据主语和句意，此处应用反身代词
17.yur 改为 their，主语是 mre and mre peple，故用代词their
18.him 改为 them，因为此处要代替的是 yur pupils
代词单句改错之模拟训练：
【参考答案】
1.he 改为 him，因与yu并列用作介词 fr 的宾语。
2. she 改为 her，因用作动词 keeps 的宾语。
3. it 改为 them，因它指代前面的cats。
4.her 改为 she，因其后有动词 des。
5. It’s 改为 Its，it’s = it is / it has，而 its 意为“它的”。
6. muth 前加his，按英语习惯，此物主代词不能少。
7.去掉 yur，比较：lse heart意为灰心，lse ne’s heart意为爱上。
8.his 改为 their，因其前相应的名词 the Smiths(史密斯夫妇)表复数。
9.me 改为 mine，a friend f 后习惯上名词性物主代词，不接人称代词的宾格形式。
10. 将 her hand 中的 her 改为 his，句意为“他对她笑了笑，把他的手放在她手上”。
11. 将最后一个 yu 改为 yurself，lk after neself 意为“自己照顾自己”。
12.hand 前加 yur，否则不合英语习惯。
13.think 后加 it，因 think ver 为及物动词。
14.ther 改为 thers，指另外的一些；若指另外的一个，可用 anther。
15.his 改为 their，指代前面的 the plice(它永远表复数意义)。
16. 去掉 it，因 it 与 which 语义重复。
17. 去掉 all，因它与 the whle 语义重复。
18.parents 前加 my，否则不符合英语习惯。
19. anything 改为 everything，否则语意不通。
20. them 改为 it，因 baggage 为不可数名词。
代词单句改错之提升训练：
A级
1.I改为me
2.my改为mine
3.yur改为yurs
4.yur改为yurs
5.hers改为theirs
6.第二个he改为himself
7.This改为That
8.That 改为The
9.Wh改为What
10.nne改为neither
B级
1.me改为I
2.neself改为himself
3.him改为himself
4. What改为that或将all去掉
5.us改为urs
6.it改为that
7.anyne后面加else
8. That改为it
9. Each改为Nne
10.thse改为which
代词单句语法填空之真题训练：
1．its [根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three－mnth－ld twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。]
2．Thse/These [根据句意：没消息就是好消息，好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早报来说，这是(那是)经典法则。指代前面的两句话。]
3．myself [根据句意：第一次，我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好，而不是因为别人告诉我做得好。]
4．they [根据句意：女人平均比男人活得年龄长，总体来说，她们有望比男人多活六七年。此处用they代替前文的wmen。]
5．that [考查代词。句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the educatin system。]
6.it [句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达hw wuld yu like it if...，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。]
7．nbdy [句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nbdy没有人，符合句意。]
8．ther [句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用 ther...。]
9．nne [句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用nne，可指人也可指物。]
10．that [句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的quality f educatin要用that，为了避免重复，可以替代前面提到的名词。
11．neither [句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。]
12．Everyne [考查不定代词。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予你帮助。根据前句中的anyne，可知填everyne。]
13．Either [根据“in the mrning r afternn”“我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either。]
14．neither [题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过，可是这两座城市她都不喜欢，就搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither(两者都不)
15．it [句意：苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。]
16．it [句意：如果你能提前告诉我你来不来，我将非常感激。I'd appreciate it if yu culd...为固定句型，it代指if引导的从句。]
1
人称代词
主格
I，yu，he，she，it，we，yu，they
宾格
me， yu，him， her，it， us，yu，them
2
物主代词
形容词性
my，yur， his，her，its， ur， their
名词性
mine， yurs， his，hers，its， urs， theirs
3
反身代词
myself， yurself， himself， herself， itself， urselves， yurselves， themselves
4
指示代词
this， that， these， thse， such， sme
5
疑问代词
wh， whm， whse，which， what，whever，whichever，whatever
6
关系代词
that， which， wh， whm， whse， as
7
不定代词
ne/ sme/ any，each/ every，nne/ n， many/ much， few/ little/ a few/ a little
ther/ anther， all/ bth， neither/ either
我
你
他
她
它
我们
你们
他们
主格
I
yu
he
she
it
we
yu
they
宾格
me
yu
him
her
it
us
yu
them
形容性物主代词
my
yur
his
her
its
ur
yur
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yurs
his
hers
its
urs
yurs
theirs
反身代词
myself
yurself
himself
herself
itself
urselves
yurselves
themselves