2022-2023学年度湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三下学期一模英语试题

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长郡中学2023届模拟试卷(一)
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What will the woman do after the class?
A. See a teacher. B. Talk with classmates. C. Go to the beach.
2. Where are the speakers?
A. At a conference room. B. On the plane. C. On the train.
3. Which tourist spot does the woman highly recommend?
A. The Great Wall. B. The Forbidden City. C. The Summer Palace.
4. What does the man tell Anne to do?
A. Meet Mr. Smith. B. Leave at 9 o＇clock. C. Postpone his appointment.
5. How much will the man receive from his father?
A. 400 yuan. B. 600 yuan. C. 800 yuan.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. What did the speakers plan to do?
A. Paint the wall. B. See a film. C. Visit their classmate.
7. Why did the man break his promise?
A. He was busy doing housework.
B. He forgot the phone number.
C. He went to the cinema.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。
8. What does the woman want to know about the swimming pool?
A. Its charge. B. Its length. C. The water temperature.
9. How deep is the swimming pool?
A. 2 meters at most. B. 1. 4 meters at most. C. 1. 5 meters at least.
10. What will the woman do next?
A. Find a swimming trainer.
B. Rest at the edge of the pool.
C. Jump into the pool.
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man say about being a salesman?
A. He didn’t enjoy it. B. He wasn’t good at it. C. He was satisfied with it.
12. What’s the man like according to the conversation?
A. Warm-hearted. B. Outgoing. C. Careful.
13. Which city will the man work in?
A. Paris. B. Chicago. C. Los Angeles.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. How many books does the man want to borrow this time?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Six.
15. Why is the man unable to borrow any books?
A. He has an overdue book.
B. He has used up his quota(限额).
C. He has lost the library card.
16 What does the woman suggest the man do?
A Call his friend. B. Copy what he needs. C. Ask a reader for help.
17. What does the man think of the woman’s suggestion?
A. Great. B. Confusing. C. Unhelpful.
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. What did Milton do?
A. He caught a thief.
B. He went to a theme park.
C. He traveled over 3, 000 miles.
19. What happened on Monday?
A. Some cars were stolen.
B. An interview was conducted.
C. The Johnson family moved to New York.
20. What will viewers see next?
A. An interview. B. A commercial report. C. An advertisement.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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1. What is New Malden Airport Transfers probably?
A. A taxi producer. B. A small start-up.
C. A transfer station. D. A taxi company.
2. Which is the feature of the New Malden taxi service?
A. It charges the lowest price.
B. It can only be booked online.
C. It is available around the clock.
D. It can be enjoyed all over London.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To advertise the New Malden taxi service.
B. To show the benefits of New Malden taxis.
C. To attract visitors to tour around New Malden.
D. To stress the necessity of airport transfer service.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文，文章介绍了New Malden Airport Transfers的出租车服务。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Need an airport transfer (换乘) taxi in New Malden? Call New Malden Airport Transfers now to enjoy the New Malden taxi service. We are best known as the specialists in London’s airport transfers. (需要新马尔登的机场接送出租车？立即致电新马尔登机场接送服务，享受新马尔登出租车服务。我们最出名的是伦敦机场接送的专家。)”可知， New Malden Airport Transfers应该是一个出租车公司。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题New Malden Taxis Hold Many Benefits部分中“Our New Malden taxi service is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, so you may call us whenever you want. (我们的新马尔登出租车服务一年365天、每天24小时开放，因此您可以随时致电我们。)”可知, 该服务是全天候的。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了New Malden Airport Transfers的出租车服务的特点、服务范围等，因此，作者写作本文是为了宣传这一服务。故选A项。
B
In 1999, John Smyth, a high-school teacher decided it was time to retire. Together with his wife Helen, he set off on a journey around Australia. But when they returned, John found he missed the classroom, so he spent another eight years doing casual teaching.
Then he heard about a program known as Volunteers for Isolated Students’ Education (VISE), which pairs up energetic people with educational experience, usually retired teachers, with children whose schooling is largely done remotely, because they live too far away from towns and cities to attend regular schools. John grew up in the country and as a kid in the bush, he always dreamed of running with circus, but he didn’t even have much chance to see the circus in person. Therefore he was immediately interested in the program and got a travelling post as a teacher with Stardust Circus.
The lesson timetable was built around the kids performance schedules. “The eight-year-old I tutored was an awesome gymnast who was part of the teeterboard (跷跷板)act, ”he explains. “A big guy would jump on the other side, he would swing up in the air, do a couple of twirls(旋转) and land on his uncle’s shoulders. . . and his uncle was standing on the boy’s father’s shoulders!” The circus still includes some animal acts, including lions, monkeys, horses, goats and pigs. John and his wife Helen found it extraordinary enough to sink into sleep to the sound of lions roaring, but one day the lion-trainer, Matt, gave him a very special privilege, inviting him in to meet four 13-month-old lions in person. While it was understandably a little scary at first, for John it was a never-to-be-forgotten experience, which helped him realize his boyhood dream in his 75th year.
4. Why did John Smyth stay in the Stardust Circus?
A. To run the circus.
B. To live far from towns.
C. To educate the children.
D. To conduct a program.
5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Teachers of the VISE program live too far away.
B. Children in the circus are taught at fixed time.
C. John instructed the gymnast’s performance of swinging in the air.
D. The couple enjoyed sleeping with the sound of lions roaring.
6. Which word best describes John’s experience of meeting the little lions?
A. Scary. B. Upsetting. C. Boring. D. Memorable.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Working for a Living
B. Returning to School
C. Running with the Circus
D. Travelling with Animals
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。John参加了VISE项目，在马戏团义务教授孩子的同时也免费观看了梦寐以求的马戏表演，过上了有意义且有趣的生活。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Therefore he was immediately interested in the program and got a travelling post as a teacher with Stardust Circus. (因此，他立即对该计划产生了兴趣，并获得了星尘马戏团旅行教师职位。)”可知，John在听说了项目VISE后很感兴趣，并以一名老师的身份跟随马戏团，对那里的孩子进行授课。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“John and his wife Helen found it extraordinary enough to sink into sleep to the sound of lions roaring, but one day the lion-trainer, Matt, gave him a very special privilege, inviting him in to meet four 13-month-old lions in person.(约翰和他的妻子海伦觉得在狮子咆哮的声音中入睡是很不寻常的，但有一天，驯狮师马特给了他一个非常特殊的特权，邀请他亲自去见四只13个月大的狮子。)”可知，John与妻子都很享受伴着狮声人睡。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“While it was understandably a little scary at first, for John it was a never-to-be-forgotten experience, which helped him realize his boyhood dream in his 75th year. (虽然一开始有点吓人是可以理解的，但对约翰来说，这是一次永远不会忘记的经历，这帮助他75岁时实现了儿时的梦想。)”可知，John见到小狮子时，有一点害怕，但这对John来说，是一次无法忘怀的经历，帮助他实现了从儿时的梦想。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，John在退休之后来到马戏团义务教授孩子的同时也免费观看了梦寐以求的马戏表演，过上了有意义且有趣的生活。因此C项“和马戏团一起跑”概括了本文内容，适合本文内容，适合作本文的标题。故选C项。
C
Recently, more than 1,000 researchers and executives signed an open letter calling for a pause in research on artificial intelligence. The letter warns that AI may threaten jobs, spread propaganda (宣传), and even lead to the “loss of control of our civilization”.
Many of the signatories (签署者) are thoughtful and experienced AI practitioners. Their concerns should be taken seriously. On balance, though, their approach is likely to evolve into an opposition to progress.
Consider the broader worldview expressed in this document. It said, “Powerful AI systems should be developed only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and risks manageable. ” This is a formula for complete stop, as no one can ever be so confident. The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward. One reason why the US leads the world in digital technology is that it did not constrain the industry with well-meaning but doubtful regulation. Slowing AI progress, moreover, carries risks all its own. Don’t forget that this technology is likely to make the world richer, healthier, smarter and more productive for decades to come. By 2030, it might be contributing more than $15 trillion to the global economy. Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast potential of these efforts.
Nor is AI research advancing into a void (空白领域). The industry already operates within legal parameters (范畴) in response to potential harms. Companies have ensured their products are safe. Trade associations are developing codes of conduct and ethical frameworks. Far from the “out-of-control race”, the AI business is constrained by law and politics and consumer sentiment.
It’s natural to worry about new technologies. But the wealth and abundance of American society is due in no small part to risks taken in the past, in a spirit of openness and optimism. The AI revolution deserves no less.
8. Why did the researchers and executives sign the open letter?
A. Because the research on AI had been paused.
B. Because AI had uncontrollably destroyed human civilization.
C. Because they were worried about the potential risks of AI.
D. Because they were more experienced than others in AI field.
9. Why is the US mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. To support that innovation comes from taking risks.
B. To stress that the US is very important in the digital field.
C. To draw attention to the benefits of well-meaning regulations.
D. To reveal those people’s real purpose of signing the letter.
10. What can we infer from this passage?
A. AI technology consumes more money than it can earn.
B. Society will hugely benefit from AI technology in the future.
C. The AI industry is now developing without any restrictions.
D. The development of AI technology is just a solo effort.
11. What’s the writer’s attitude towards AI revolution?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近，1000多名研究人员和高管签署了一封公开信，呼吁暂停人工智能的研究。这封信警告说，人工智能可能会威胁到就业，传播宣传，甚至导致“对我们文明的失控”。许多签名者都是深思熟虑且经验丰富的人工智能从业者。他们的担忧应该得到认真对待。但总的来说，他们的做法很可能演变成反对进步。
8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The letter warns that AI may threaten jobs, spread propaganda (宣传), and even lead to the “loss of control of our civilization”.(这封信警告说，人工智能可能会威胁到就业，传播宣传，甚至导致“对我们文明的失控”)”可知，研究人员和高管们签署了这封公开信是因为他们担心人工智能的潜在风险。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward. One reason why the US leads the world in digital technology is that it did not constrain the industry with well-meaning but doubtful regulation.(创新的历史是一部试错、冒险和回报的历史。美国在数字技术领域领先世界的一个原因是，它没有用善意但令人怀疑的监管来限制该行业)”可推知，第3段提到了美国是为了支持创新需要承担风险的论点。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast potential of these efforts.(医学、生物学、气候科学、教育、制造业、交通运输等领域的进步即将到来。任何新规则都必须与这些努力的巨大潜力相平衡)”可推知，未来社会将从人工智能技术中受益匪浅。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s natural to worry about new technologies. But the wealth and abundance of American society is due in no small part to risks taken in the past, in a spirit of openness and optimism. The AI revolution deserves no less.(对新技术的担忧是很自然的。但是，美国社会的财富和丰富在很大程度上要归功于过去本着开放和乐观的精神所承担的风险。人工智能革命理应如此)”可推知，作者对人工智能革命的态度是支持的。故选B。
D
Poison frogs across Central and South America display some of the brightest colors in the animal kingdom. The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic (有毒的) defense-but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators (捕食者) — has long been a grey area for scientists. Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, and then become ill-these easily-spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation (突变). In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic (防护色的) pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.
To get to the bottom of this dilemma, Karl Loeffler Henry, a researcher at Carleton University launched the new study. Loeffler Henry’s team pored over data from the family trees of 1,100 species of frogs, newts and salamanders, and categorized them into one of five groups. On one end of range are the creatures with bright blues, yellows and reds. On the other are species that blend in perfectly with their surroundings. Between these poles, the scientists place species with camouflaged (伪装的) tops and colorful bottoms in various degrees. These tend to display their dramatic halves only when trying to defend themselves from predators.
The team used nine different computer models to test the potential evolutionary routes the species in the bright aposematic group might have taken to evolve this way. In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.
There have also been other theories proposed, but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly, it might inspire the exploration of evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.
12. What remained unclear to scientists in the past?
A. How the proper shades of the colors are evolved.
B. How these creatures signal their toxic defence.
C. Which colors are better at scaring predators away.
D. Which creatures are at higher risk of being eaten.
13. What do the underlined words “this dilemma” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The predators clearly knew about the toxicity but still feed on them.
B. The first colorful members have bright colors but can avoid predators.
C. The first colorful members were eaten but the mutation was passed on.
D. The predators became seriously ill but their population continued to boom.
14. What do we know about the new study?
A. The colors of all those species were either bright or grey.
B. The aposematic group evolved by following nine routes.
C. The researchers observed these different species in the wild.
D. The origin of the evolution turned out to be the hidden colors.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Other theories of the evolution. B. Other animals’ evolution routes.
C. The drawbacks of the study. D. The significance of the study.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家研究毒蛙为何能把颜色进化出来，介绍了研究开展的过程以及其意义。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic (有毒的) defense-but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators (捕食者) — has long been a grey area for scientists.(对科学家来说，这些生物的进化方式一直是一个灰色地带，它们的颜色足以表明它们的有毒防御，但又不会太过鲜艳，以至于容易受到捕食者的攻击)”可知，过去科学家还不清楚的是正确的颜色深浅是如何进化的。故选A。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, and then become ill-these easily-spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation (突变). In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic (防护色的) pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.(起初，捕食者不知道鲜艳的颜色是有毒的信号，因此会吃了之后生病——这些很容易被发现的少数带有彩色突变的物种成员。从理论上讲，这应该使先驱者几乎不可能将他们的基因传递给后代，从而使突变在种群中占据主导地位)”可知，亮丽的颜色成为警戒色是这些天敌在试误后得到的教训, 但既然这些有着亮丽颜色的生物被吃掉了, 那从理论上讲就不可能把这个突变的基因传给后代了，但是却传了下来，故this dilemma指的是“第一批颜色鲜艳的成员被吃掉了，但是突变遗传了下去”。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.(最后，研究人员意识到它们都遵循类似的模式，从这个范围的中间物种进化而来，这些物种的颜色是隐藏的，除非处于危险之中)”可知，进化的起源起初是隐藏的颜色。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There have also been other theories proposed, but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly, it might inspire the exploration of evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.(也有人提出了其他理论，但这个新理论提出了一种机制，可能在各种猎物群体和各种不同捕食者的反捕食者防御进化中发挥作用。也许，这也会启发我们探索其他动物群体中警告色的进化)”可知，最后一段主要讲研究的意义。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had a staring contest? It can be difficult to keep your eyes open for long periods of time because of the natural tendency to blink. But why do we need to blink?
There are two main reasons. First, blinking clears away dust from the eyes. ____16____ It might be under the eyelid or something that blew in.
Second, blinking lubricates (润滑) the eye-balls. The eyes need a smooth surface for light to properly focus on, so vision becomes clear. Blinking releases a tear film-which mostly consists of water , oil and mucus-to keep the surface of the eyeball smooth. ____17____ The tear film also supplies oxygen to the eye. The film also helps prevent the eye from becoming infected.
Blinking happens naturally. It takes the average person 400 milliseconds to blink. Most people blink somewhere between 10 and 20 times per minute, usually around 15 or 16 times. ____18____
For example, you may blink more frequently if there’s something in your eye. Certain conditions can make it feel like there’s something in your eye, which makes you blink more.
Some people have habitual involuntary movements that lead them to blink frequently. ____19____If you have uncorrected vision problems, you may blink more often because your eyes are naturally trying to correct the unclear vision.
If there is damage to the facial nerve, which is responsible for closing the eyelid, a person may blink more slowly or less often. Tiredness and some medications can cause a similar effect. ____20____ For example, when reading, people tend to blink at the end of a sentence rather than in the middle.
A. It also prevents the eye from drying out.
B. If there’s a foreign body, it helps get rid of it.
C. And stress and anxiety can make you blink more, too.
D. Blinking more often than needed can give brain extra stress.
E. Pink eye and other types of infection can also cause damage on eyes.
F. However, there are some circumstances that make people blink more or less often.
G. Focusing on something like watching a movie, you may blink less to strengthen your focus.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题是人与社会。文章介绍了人们为什么眨眼以及什么情况下眨眼多和少。
【16题详解】
根据空后“It might be under the eyelid or something that blew in. (它可能在眼睑下方或吹进来的东西)”可知，It指代眼睛里的异物，与B项“If there’s a foreign body, it helps get rid of it. (如果有异物，它有助于摆脱它。)”中a foreign body对应，上下文一致，故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Second, blinking lubricates(润滑)the eye-balls. (第二，眨眼睛可润滑眼睛)”及“The eyes need a smooth surface for light to properly focus on, so vision becomes clear. Blinking releases a tear film-which mostly consists of water, oil and mucus-to keep the surface of the eyeball smooth. (眼睛需要一个光滑的表面，以便光线正确聚焦，使视力变得清晰。眨眼会释放泪膜——主要由水，油和粘液组成——以保持眼球表面光滑。)”可知本段主要讲述的是眨眼睛的好处，与A项“It also prevents the eye from drying out. (它还可以防止眼睛干燥。)”上下文一致，故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Blinking happens naturally. It takes the average person 400 milliseconds to blink. Most people blink somewhere between 10 and 20 times per minute, usually around 15 or 16 times. (眨眼是自然发生的。普通人眨眼需要400毫秒。大多数人每分钟眨眼10到20次，通常大约15或16次。)”与F项“However, there are some circumstances that make people blink more or less often. (但是，在某些情况下会使人们或多或少地眨眼。)”上下文一致，与下文“For example, you may blink more frequently if there’s something in your eye. (例如，如果您的眼睛里有东西，您可能会更频繁地眨眼。)”承上启下，故选F项。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Some people have habitual involuntary movements that lead them to blink frequently. (有些人有习惯性的不自主运动，导致他们经常眨眼。)”主要讲述眨眼睛频繁的情况，与C项“And stress and anxiety can make you blink more, too. (压力和焦虑也会让你眨眼更多)”上下文一致，故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“For example, when reading, people tend to blink at the end of a sentence rather than in the middle. (例如，在阅读时，人们倾向于在句子末尾而不是中间眨眼。)”从该举例可知，空处应为眨眼睛少的情况，与G项“Focusing on something like watching a movie, you may blink less to strengthen your focus. (专注于看电影之类的事情，您可能会减少眨眼以加强注意力。)”上下文一致，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. The ____21____ is in Antarctica, and one of the key ____22____ is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust ____23____ four postmen to live on the island from November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it ____24____ as a museum. Although employees each have unique ____25____ , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the ____26____ place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also ____27____ environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring.
Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly ____28____. The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications ____29____ for the position. They are mainly ____30____ to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real ____31____ for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense of community. You’ve got to ____32____ , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of ____33____,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is ____34____. The total experience offers both a different ____35____ towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet. ”
21. A. centre B. position C. aim D. unit
22. A. requirements B. characteristics C. virtues D. activities
23. A. persuades B. instructs C. encourages D. hires
24. A. exists B. transforms C. doubles D. develops
25. A. tastes B. talents C. roles D. backgrounds
26. A. temporary B. historic C. grand D. magical
27. A. in favor of B. in need of C. in possession of D. in charge of
28. A. paid B. sought-after C. hard-won D. respectable
29. A. annually B. weekly C. monthly D. daily
30. A. invited B. devoted C. related D. drawn
31. A. joy B. lesson C. effort D. shock
32. A. get along B. show off C. break through D. give in
33. A. loneliness B. eagerness C. looseness D. togetherness
34. A. consistent B. rewarding C. potential D. pure
35. A. entrance B. answer C. attitude D. introduction
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人，在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物，还要负责数金鹅。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。A. centre中心；B. position职位；C. aim目标；D. unit单位。根据上文“This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. (今年，世界各地有数百人正在申请一份理想的工作，以经营世界上最偏远的邮局洛克罗伊港。)”可知，此处表示该职位在南极洲，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。A. requirements要求；B. characteristics特征；C. virtues美德；D. activities活动。根据空后“is the ability to count penguins(企鹅)”可知，此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，英国南极遗产信托基金都会雇用四名邮递员从11月到3月住在岛上。A. persuades说服；B. instructs指示；C. encourages鼓励；D. hires雇用。根据上文“applying for a desired job”和下文“employees”可知，此处表示聘用四名邮递员，故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词辨析。句意：除了是一家拥有近80年历史的英国邮局外，它还兼作博物馆。A. exists存在；B. transforms转移；C. doubles双倍；D. develops发展。前面提到洛克雷港是一个“post office”，空后又提到“as a museum”，故此处表示该邮局兼作博物馆。double as表示“兼作”，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史名胜和照顾成千上万的游客。A. tastes品味；B. talents人才；C. roles职能，角色；D. backgrounds背景。根据下文“they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the ____6____ place and caring for the thousands of tourists.”可知，此处表示员工各司其职，故选C项。
26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史名胜和照顾成千上万的游客。A. temporary暂时的；B. historic历史的；C. grand大的；D. magical魔法的。根据上文“a nearly 80-year-old British-owned”和空前“preserving”可知，空处表示有历史意义的地方。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：工作人员还负责环境数据收集和野生动物监测。A. in favor of赞成；B. in need of需要；C. in possession of占有；D. in charge of负责。根据空前的“also”可知，本空应与前面的“responsible for”在含义上接近，故用in charge of表示“负责”，故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它仍然还是很抢手。A. paid有偿的；B. sought-after抢手的；C. hard-won来之不易的；D. respectable受人尊敬的。根据前文“there’s not much time for relaxation and rest”可知这份工作没有多少时间休息和放松，再结合“Still(尽管如此)”可知，它仍然很抢手，故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国南极遗产信托基金每年收到数百份该职位的申请。A. annually每年；B. weekly每周；C. monthly每月；D. daily每天。根据上文中的“This year, hundreds of people-desired job”和下文中的“the 2019-2020 season”可知，此处表示英国南极遗产信托基金每年都会收到大量申请该职位的信。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们主要被洛克罗伊港吸引，因为它的历史和科学意义。A. invited邀请；B. devoted投入；C. related相关；D. drawn吸引。根据空后“both for its history and its scientific significance”可知，求职者们是被它的历史和科学意义吸引。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对她来说是一种真正的快乐。A. joy喜悦；B. lesson教训；C. effort努力；D. shock休克。根据前文“Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying”可知该职位很抢手，但是Lucy Dorman申请成功了，再结合下文中的“I really love”可知，此处表示对她来说，获得这个职位很让她开心。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：你得与人和睦相处，因为你们不能轻易地离开对方。A. get along相处；B. show off炫耀；C. break through突破；D. give in屈服。根据前文“a real sense of community”和下文中的“you can’t get away from each other very easily.”可知，此处表示你得与人和睦相处，故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的很喜欢那种团结”，她说。A. loneliness孤独；B. eagerness渴望；C. looseness松弛；D. togetherness和睦相处。据前文“a real sense of community”和下文中的“you can’t get away from each other very easily.”可知，此处表示Lucy Dorman喜欢那种和睦相处，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你在这里能取得的成就是有益的。A. consistent持续的；B. rewarding有益的；C. potential有潜力的；D. pure纯粹的。根据空前的“what you can achieve here”和下文中的“The total experience offers. your function on the planet.”可知，此处表示你在这里获得的东西很有益。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：整体体验既提供了对世界的不同看法，也提供了对您在地球上的功能的新观点。A. entrance入口；B. answer回答；C. attitude看法；D. introduction介绍。根据空前“offers both a different”及空后的“a new viewpoint”可知，空处应为与“a new viewpoint”相对应，，表示对世界的不同看法，故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is famous not only for its national treasure, the giant pandas, but also for their staple food-bamboo. It grows ____36____ (large) in south Changjiang River, and ____37____ (consider) as a material for arts and crafts and a symbol of integrity, it has enriched the traditional Chinese culture.
Throughout the centuries, bamboo has inspired the imagination of artists, while men of letters have written poetry ____38____ (express) their admiration for the ____39____ (pure) and elegance of bamboo. They ____40____ (compare) the qualities of bamboo ____41____ those of man, and Su Dongpo credited his literary inspiration to bamboo. Bamboo was also ____42____ favorite subject of noted Chinese painters of past dynasties.
Zheng Banqiao, a celebrated Qing dynasty painter, devoted his whole life to painting bamboo. In his later years, he painted The Bamboo and Stone, ____43____ there are no bright colors and only simple lines are shown. With all ____44____ (necessary) details removed, the elegance, beauty and strength of bamboo _____45_____ (see) most effectively on paper.
【答案】36. largely
37. considered
38. to express
39. purity 40. compared
41. to 42. a
43. where 44. unnecessary
45. are seen
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了竹子在中国传统文化中的表现。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：它主要生长在长江以南，被认为是工艺美术的原料和正直的象征，丰富了中国传统文化。此处应使用副词修饰动词，largely“主要地”，故填largely。
【37题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：它主要生长在长江以南，被认为是工艺美术的原料和正直的象征，丰富了中国传统文化。分析句子结构可知，此处为分词作伴随状语，it与动词consider之间存在被动关系，应使用过去分词，故填considered。
【38题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：几个世纪以来，竹子激发了艺术家的想象力，而文人则写诗表达他们对竹子纯洁优雅的钦佩。此处表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to express。
【39题详解】
考查不可数名词。句意：几个世纪以来，竹子激发了艺术家的想象力，而文人则写诗表达他们对竹子纯洁优雅的钦佩。此处应使用名词作介词的宾语，pure的名词为purity，为不可数名词，故填purity。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们将竹子的品质与人类的品质进行了类比，苏东坡将他的文学灵感归功于竹子。此处为谓语动词，时间为过去，应使用一般过去时，故填compared。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们将竹子的品质与人类的品质进行了类比，苏东坡将他的文学灵感归功于竹子。根据短语compare…to…“将…比作…”，应使用介词to，故填to。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：竹子也是中国历代著名画家最喜欢的一个题材。此处表示泛指，应使用不定冠词，故填a。
【43题详解】
考查关系副词。句意：晚年，他画了《竹石图》，画中没有鲜艳的色彩，只有简单的线条。此处为非限制定语从句修饰前面的作品，在从句中空格处不充当主要成分，表示地点概念，应使用关系副词where，故填where。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：去除了所有不必要的细节，竹子的优雅、美丽和力量在纸上最有效的展示。根据第8题提到的“只有简单的线”可知，他的作品去掉了不必要的细节，unnecessary意为“不必要的”，故填unnecessary。
【45题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：去除了所有不必要的细节，竹子的优雅、美丽和力量在纸上得到最有效的展示。此处为谓语部分，主语并列的三个名词为复数，与动词see之间存在被动关系，表示一种普遍认识应使用一般现在时，故填are seen。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。你所在社区计划举行中国传统文化节。并准备在英文网站上邀请外国游客参加。请你给社区写一封邮件申请做文化节志愿者。内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 个人优势；
3. 希望获准。
注意：
写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
Learning that volunteers are needed for the coming Chinese Traditional Culture Festival in our community, I’m delightedly writing to apply for the job.
Firstly, as a native Chinese equipped with a good knowledge of traditional Chinese cultures, I’m confident that I’m qualified to introduce our treasures to visitors. Moreover, I have a good command of English, enabling me to communicate with foreign guests smoothly. Better yet, with many a relevant experience as a volunteer, not only am I enthusiastic and optimistic, but I’m also patient and responsible.
If given the precious opportunity, I will spare no effort to present the charm of Chinese culture.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。你所在社区计划举行中国传统文化节。并准备在英文网站上邀请外国游客参加。请你给社区写一封邮件申请做文化节志愿者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→chance
有关的：relevant→related
此外：moreover→besides
高兴地：delightedly→joyfully
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Moreover, I have a good command of English, enabling me to communicate with foreign guests smoothly.
拓展句：Moreover, I have a good command of English, which enables me to communicate with foreign guests smoothly.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Learning that volunteers are needed for the coming Chinese Traditional Culture Festival in our community, I’m delightedly writing to apply for the job. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] If given the precious opportunity, I will spare no effort to present the charm of Chinese culture. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I started karate (空手道) class a few years ago, I didn’t know a single person. I felt ashamed of having no idea how to do any of the moves. Even though I liked the learning part, I did not like the feeling-worse-than-everyone part!
But one day after class while I was putting my shoes on, a girl named Abigail said, “That last kick we practiced is so hard for me, and you’re so good at it.”
“You must have confused me with someone else,” I replied. “I’m not good at any of it.”
“In that case, I’m in trouble,” she joked, “because you’re the one I stand behind and copy in class.”
I laughed, “Seriously?”
“Seriously!” she laughed, too. After that, we became great friends. However, a few months later when Abigail’s mom got a job in a different state and she had to move away, I was rather sad. I had a tough time dragging myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much.
Then, a girl named Ava joined my class. She was always quiet. Until one day we finally had a conversation.
“It must be weird (怪异的) being the new one in class.” I said.
“So weird!” said Ava. “You do things really differently than we did at my old dojo (柔道馆).”
I suddenly realized she’d been silent only because she was new. We started talking more, and we got along so well that we started hanging out after class. Then, almost a year later, guess who showed up at karate.
“This is so cool.” I said, giving Abigail a huge hug. “What are you doing here?”
“My mom’s job in New York didn’t work out,” she explained. “So we got to move back.”
“That’s the best news ever!” I said. “You have to meet my dear friend Ava. And Ava, meet my dear friend Abigail.”
I put my arms around their shoulders. Feeling very excited, I told them I hoped we could get along well and be close friends, while Abigail and Ava stared at each other with some hesitation and an uncertain smile.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Things seemed all right at first.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day, I simply could not take it anymore.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Things seemed all right at first. However, with time going by, conflicts emerged. Abigail always complained that every time I hung out with Ava, she was left alone, while Ava said that I paid more attention to Abigail, which drove her crazy, believing that our friendship was not what it used to be. Trapped in the dilemma, I, enveloped by the sense of sadness, still felt confused why things turned out to be that complicated, not knowing how to tackle the problem. Worse still, karate even became the most frightening thing to me.
One day, I simply could not take it anymore. With tears streaming down my cheeks, I stopped them from arguing and said with a deep sigh, “Why can’t you get along with each other well? Both of you are my best friends.” Hearing my words, they didn’t utter a single word, sinking into a deep silence. After what seemed like a century, Ava finally placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around Abigail’s shoulders. Seeing this scene, I gasped with relief and burst into laughter.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者刚开始去学空手道的时候一个人也不认识，作者也因为不知道怎么做一些动作而感到羞愧，有一天一个叫Abigail的女孩告诉作者作者踢腿踢得很棒，从那以后她们成了好朋友，后来，Abigail搬走了，作者又认识了一个叫Ava的女孩，作者也和她成为了好朋友，后来Abigail也回来了，作者希望她们三人能相处得很好，成为亲密的朋友，而Abigail和Ava则有些犹豫地看着对方，脸上带着不确定的微笑。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“起初一切似乎都很顺利。”可知，第一段可描写后来Abigail和Ava出现矛盾，以及作者所面临的困境。
②由第二段首句内容“有一天，我再也无法忍受了。”可知，第二段可描写作者解决Abigail和Ava之间的矛盾。
2.续写线索：出现矛盾——Abigail抱怨——Ava抓狂——作者困惑，不知如何解决问题——阻止她们争吵——作者说她们都是作者的好朋友——她们陷入沉默——拥抱——作者松了口气
3.词汇激活
行为类
①出现：emerge/appear
②阻止某人做某事：stop sb. from doing/prevent sb. from doing
③陷入沉默：sink into a deep silence/fall into a deep silence
情绪类
①伤心：sadness/sorrow
②害怕：frightening/dreadful
【点睛】[高分句型1] Abigail always complained that every time I hung out with Ava, she was left alone, while Ava said that I paid more attention to Abigail, which drove her crazy, believing that our friendship was not what it used to be. (由that引导的宾语从句，every time引导的时间状语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的表语从句)
[高分句型2] After what seemed like a century, Ava finally placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around Abigail’s shoulders. (由what引导的宾语从句)