高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness优秀练习

14 Discovering useful structures

【语法解析】

反意疑问句

概念：

反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags) 即反意附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方赞同。 附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。

结构

前肯后否：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式

前否后肯：陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式

练习1：

他们努力工作，不是吗？                     .

练习2;

你没去，是吗？                             .

二. 回答

肯定回答：“Yes+肯定结构”

否定回答：“No+否定结构”

在前否后肯结构中，yes 译为“不”,no 译为“是”。

练习3：

——They work hard, don’t they? 他们努力工作，不是吗？

—                 ./           .

        是的，他们工作努力。/不，他们工作不努力。

——They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不努力工作，是吗？

—                 ./        .

        不，他们工作努力。/是的，他们工作不努力。

三.类型

1. 陈述句是由“主语+be的形式”构成的，附加问句用“be的形式+主语”。

练习4：

天气很好，不是吗？                ？

2. 陈述句是由“主语+行为动词的各种时态”构成的，附加问句用“助动词do/does/did/have/has/had等+主语”。

练习5:

当你长大后想你想当一名艺术家，不是吗？              ?

3. 陈述句含有情态动词，附加问句用“情态动词+主语”。

练习6：

我儿子不会做这道题，是吗？                  ？

四. 反意疑问句应该注意的问题

1.当陈述部分含有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, barely,scarcely, nothing, none, rarely,no, not, no one, nobody, neither等具有否定意义的词汇时,后面的附加问句则为肯定形式。

练习7：

他不大会游泳,对吗?                 ？

他们很少迟到,对吗?                  ？

2.当陈述部分的主语为everyone, someone, anyone, no one 等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用they或he。

练习8：

你家里每个人都是老师,不是吗?                       ？

3.当陈述部分的主语为everything, something, anything, nothing 等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用 it。

练习9：

你的表坏了,对吗?                ？

4.当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,即含有un-, dis-前缀或-less后缀等词缀而意思否定的词时,作为肯定句处理,疑问部分用否定形式。

练习10:

他看上去不高兴,不是吗?                   ？

5.陈述部分有less, fewer等词时视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。

练习11：

污染会更少,不是吗?                 ？

6.含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。即当主句是I think, I believe, I suppose, I imagine, I expect, I guess时要反问从句,其余句式均反问主句。当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的附加问句应与从句保持一致。

练习12：

我期待我们的英语老师这个周末回来,不是吗?                           ？

答案

1. They work hard, don’t they?
2. You didn’t go, did you?
3. Yes, they do；No, they don’t；Yes, they do；No, they don’t
4. The weather is fine, isn’t it?
5. You want to be an artist when you grow up, don’t you?
6. My son can’t work out this question, can he?
7. He can hardly swim, can he；They seldom come late, do they
8. Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they/isn't he
9. Something is wrong with your watch, isn't it
10. He looks unhappy, doesn't he
11. There will be less pollution, won't there
12. I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he

　When the modern Olympic Games ① _____ (start) in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics. ② _____ (player) competed only in the Summer Games. However, there were the Nordic Games, a ③ _____ (compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting from 1901. But the Nordic Games were only open to athletes ④_____ Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

    The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week ⑤_____ (hold) in Chamonix, France. About 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports and there were 11 female athletes,  ⑥_____ competed in figure skating.

Still, the Winter Olympics were under way, adding more sports to the games, ⑦_____ (especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance ⑧_____ (take) part in skiing, ice hockey (冰球) ⑨_____ other sports. Now the Games have such ⑩_____ (interest) events as snowboarding and bobsledding (雪橇车比赛).
 

答案：①started ②Players ③competition ④from ⑤was held ⑥who ⑦especially ⑧to take ⑨and ⑩interesting

解析：①考查动词时态.句意:1896年,现代奥运会在希腊雅典开始的时候,并没有像冬奥会这样的比赛.根据时间状语in 1896判断用一般过去时.

②考查名词的数.句意:运动员们只参加夏季奥运会. player是可数名词,设空处前没有修饰语应用复数形式Players.

③考查名词.句意:然而,当时有北欧运动会,是从1901年开始,每隔几年就会进行一次的冬季运动比赛.不定冠词a后面要接单数名词,所以填competition.

④考查介词.句意:但是北欧运动会只对来自丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的运动员开放.根据句意可知应填介词from,意为"来自".

⑤考查动词时态和语态.句意:冬季运动很受欢迎,因此1924年国际冬季运动周在法国沙莫尼举行.此处主语 an International Winter Sports Week 与动词hold构成被动关系,再根据时间状语in 1924可知该空应填was held.

⑥考查定语从句.句意:来自16 个国家的约250名运动员参加了9个项目的比赛,有11名女性运动员参加了花样滑冰比赛.此处非限制性定语从句的先行词是11 female athletes, 设空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,所以要填who.

⑦考查副词.在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子,设空处作状语,所以要填especially.

⑧考查不定式.句意:女性得到了参加滑雪、冰球和其他运动的机会.句中不定式短语 to take...作定语修饰名词chance. 所以要填不定式to take.

⑨考查连词.此处skiing、ice hockey和other sports 是并列关系,故填and.

⑩考查形容词.设空处修饰名词events,应该使用形容词interesting.

语法与写作

1．让我们听老师提到的广播节目，好吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

2．你觉得你很滑稽，是吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

3．充分利用我们的业余时间，好吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

4．没有人相信他的工作多么困难，不是吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

5．不要忘记明天早点起床，好吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

6．我认为他会来的，对吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

答案：

1.Let's listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned，shall we?

2.You think you're funny, don't you?

3.Make good use of our spare time, will/won't you?

4.Nobody believes how difficult his work is, do they?

5.Don't forget to get up early tomorrow, will you?

6.I think he will come, won't he?

Ⅰ阅读理解

My First Marathon (马拉松)

    A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.

    I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was "not athletic".

    The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck (粘贴) with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!

    The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.

    Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!

    At mile 3, I passed a sign: "GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!"

    By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

    By mile 21, I was starving!

    As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.

    I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

    Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a "marathon winner".

1. A month before the marathon, the author _____.

A.was well trained

B.felt scared

C.made up his mind to run

D.lost hope

2. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?

A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.

B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.

C.To show he was not talented in sports.

D.To share a precious memory.

3. How was the author's first marathon?

A.He made it.

B.He quit halfway.

C.He got the first prize.

D.He walked to the end.

4. What does the story mainly tell us?

A.A man owes his success to his family support.

B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.

C.Failure is the mother of success.

D.One is never too old to learn.

Ⅱ.语法填空

    When the modern Olympic Games ① _____ (start) in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics. ② _____ (player) competed only in the Summer Games. However, there were the Nordic Games, a ③ _____ (compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting from 1901. But the Nordic Games were only open to athletes ④_____ Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

    The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week ⑤_____ (hold) in Chamonix, France. About 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports and there were 11 female athletes,  ⑥_____ competed in figure skating.

    Still, the Winter Olympics were under way, adding more sports to the games, ⑦_____ (especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance ⑧_____ (take) part in skiing, ice hockey (冰球) ⑨_____ other sports. Now the Games have such ⑩_____ (interest) events as snowboarding and bobsledding (雪橇车比赛).

答案

Ⅰ阅读理解

答案：1-4 CCAB

解析：1.细节理解题.根据文章第一段 A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 可知,作者在参加马拉松前一个月脚踝受伤,但是仍然下定决心继续跑步.

2.推理判断题.根据第二段最后两句 I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was "not athletic". (我做得也不好.他后来告诉我,我"不是运动型的人".)可以推断出作者没有运动天赋.

3.细节理解题.根据文章倒数第二段中的 I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! (我是最后跑完的选手之一.但我完成了!)可知作者最终跑完了马拉松.

4.主旨大意题.根据最后一段 Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels... (决心做我自己,前进,摆脱羞耻和世俗标签……) 以及通读全文可知本文主要讲了作者在参加马拉松之前脚踝受伤,但仍然下定决心继续训练.作者认为跑步是与自己的一种较量,而与竞争或者是否是运动型的人无关.这是对自己的身体和思想的一场考验,最终作者跑完了马拉松并得到了一枚奖牌,这告诉我们胜利者是一个意志坚强的人.

Ⅱ.语法填空

答案：①started ②Players ③competition ④from ⑤was held ⑥who ⑦especially ⑧to take ⑨and ⑩interesting

解析：①考查动词时态.句意:1896年,现代奥运会在希腊雅典开始的时候,并没有像冬奥会这样的比赛.根据时间状语in 1896判断用一般过去时.

②考查名词的数.句意:运动员们只参加夏季奥运会. player是可数名词,设空处前没有修饰语应用复数形式Players.

③考查名词.句意:然而,当时有北欧运动会,是从1901年开始,每隔几年就会进行一次的冬季运动比赛.不定冠词a后面要接单数名词,所以填competition.

④考查介词.句意:但是北欧运动会只对来自丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的运动员开放.根据句意可知应填介词from,意为"来自".

⑤考查动词时态和语态.句意:冬季运动很受欢迎,因此1924年国际冬季运动周在法国沙莫尼举行.此处主语 an International Winter Sports Week 与动词hold构成被动关系,再根据时间状语in 1924可知该空应填was held.

⑥考查定语从句.句意:来自16 个国家的约250名运动员参加了9个项目的比赛,有11名女性运动员参加了花样滑冰比赛.此处非限制性定语从句的先行词是11 female athletes, 设空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,所以要填who.

⑦考查副词.在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子,设空处作状语,所以要填especially.

⑧考查不定式.句意:女性得到了参加滑雪、冰球和其他运动的机会.句中不定式短语 to take...作定语修饰名词chance. 所以要填不定式to take.

⑨考查连词.此处skiing、ice hockey和other sports 是并列关系,故填and.

⑩考查形容词.设空处修饰名词events,应该使用形容词interesting.