人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀同步训练题

20 单元复习与提升

1 分层单词

写作词汇

1. disaster n.灾难；灾害

2. drought n.旱灾；久旱

3. slide vi.& vt.（使）滑行；滑动

4. flood n.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没

5. rescue n.& vt.营救；救援

6. ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏

7. trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱

8. bury vt.埋葬；安葬

9. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

10. supply n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给

11. calm adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静

12. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.（formal）帮助；援助

13. crash vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞

14. sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫

15. wave n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手

16. strike vi.& vt.（struck, struck/stricken）侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击

阅读词汇

1. tornado n.（pl.-oes or -os）龙卷风；旋风

2. landslide n.（landfall）（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡

3. tsunami n.海啸

4. magnitude n.（地）震级；重大

5. evacuate vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离

6. helicopter n.直升机

7. crack n.裂纹；裂缝vi.& vt.（使）破裂

8. unify vi.& vt.统一;（使）成一体

9. tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲

10. whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子（声）；呼啸声

拓展词汇

1. damage vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失→damaged adj.被损坏的→damaging adj.造成破坏的；有害的

2. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭→destructive adj.引起破坏（或毁灭）的；破坏（或毁灭）性的→destruction n.摧毁；毁灭；破坏

3. death n.死；死亡→dead adj.死的；失去生命的→dying adj.垂死的→deadly adj.（可能）致命的 adv.极其；非常→die v.死亡

4. affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→affective adj.情感的→affection n.喜爱；

钟爱

5. shelter n.避难所；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）→sheltered adj.受到保护的；有遮蔽物的

6. shock vt. （使）震惊 n.休克；令人震惊的事；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的

7. electricity n.电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的

8. breathe vi. &  vt.呼吸→breathless adj.（令人）气喘吁吁的；（令人）屏息的→breath n.呼吸的空气

9. revive vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒→revival n.振兴；复苏

10. wisdom n.智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的；充满智慧的→unwise adj.不明智的

11. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→suffering n.折磨；苦难

12. erupt vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→eruption n.喷发

13. survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n.幸存→survivor n.幸存者

14. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强壮的；强有力的→powerless adj.无能为力；无权的

15. emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.新兴的→emerge v.浮现;出现

16. deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→delivery n.递送;交付

17. effect n.结果；效果；影响→effective adj.有效的；起作用的→effectively adv.有效地;实际上;事实上

18. length n.长度；长→lengthen v.（使）变长→long adj.长的

2 高频短语

1. volcanic eruption火山喷发

2. as if似乎;好像;仿佛

3. in ruins严重受损;破败不堪

4. in shock震惊;吃惊

5. in the open air露天；在户外

6. first aid kit急救箱

7. on hand现有（尤指帮助）

8. sweep away消灭；彻底消除

3 经典句型

1. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat（太焦躁不安以至于吃不下东西）, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.（too...to...）

2. It seemed as if （似乎）the world were coming to an end!（as if）

3. I was having breakfast with my three children when（我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时） water started filling my home.（be doing...when...）

4. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies（使运送食物和物资变得困难）. （make+it+adj.+to do）

【话题重现】

Disasters such as tornadoes, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, tsunamis, hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another, causing great damage to many countries. On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach 1._____________（survive） the disaster without any loss of life. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape 2. ____________（（dangerous） with her knowledge of tsunamis.

The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running 3. ____________（simply sitting on the sandy beach, 4. ____________（ （enjoy） the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy 5. ____________（（tourist） until she noticed something odd. “The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer,” she later explained. “It wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately 6. ____________ （strike） her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.

Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the danger, 7. ____________at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on 8. ____________ （it） way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. 9. __________  her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. The beach was 10. __________  （rapid） cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.

答案：

1. to survive  2. danger  3. or  4. enjoying  5. tourists  6. struck  7. though  8. its  9. To  10. rapidly

【主题词汇】

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1． ____________the aid of our English teacher，we have made great progress this term.

2．As is known to all，a strong and____________ (power) China will certainly benefit the whole world.

3．Heavy floods ____________ (strike) the South last week，causing great damage to the local people.

4．Several days later most of the buildings which had been____________ (damage) were repaired.

5．It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower ____________ (destroy) in the fire last year.

6．Their inventions have contributed to the development of ____________ (electricity) engineering.

7．In his life he set an example of bravery and ____________ (wise) to others.

8．Six months after ____________ (suffer) our defeat on the spring practice field，we won our first game.

9．The government has declared a state of____________ (emergent) following the earthquake.

10．She heard the wind ____________ (whistle) through the trees and the howl of a distant wolf.

答案：

1. With  2. powerful  3. struck  4. damaged  5. was destroyed  6. electrical  7. electrical  8. suffering 9. emergency  10. whistling

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．他讲起英语来好像他是个美国人。(as if)

He speaks English_____________________________________.

2．他妻子去世的消息使他大为震惊。(shock)

The news of his wife’s death was _____________________________________.

3．被认为，这场风暴造成多达4人死亡。(as many as)

The storm is thought to be responsible for_____________________________________.

4．我站在那里，等着他。(现在分词作状语)

I stood there, ____________________.

5．他们到得太晚了，没能赶上第一班车。(too...to...)

They got there______________________ the first bus.

6．我正沿着河边走，突然听到了一个男孩的呼救声。(be doing...when)

I ______________________________________ I heard a boy crying for help.

答案：

1.as if/though he were an American

2.a terrible shock to him_

3.as many as four deaths_

4.waiting for him_

5.too late to catch

6.was walking along the river when

Ⅰ.阅读理解

If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America－and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks，their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits.And those bits might still be floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and finally perhaps by one of us.

Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with.Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste.And of that waste，a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin－the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.

No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth’s last sink.In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor of the University of Georgia，caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate：between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.

Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的) animals every year.Nearly 700 species，including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it.Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic.Many more are probably harmed invisibly.Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.

“This isn’t a problem that we don’t know what the solution is，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage.“We know how to pick up garbage.Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it.We know how to recycle.It’s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”

(　　)1.Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1?

A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.

B．To introduce what marine animals like eating.

C．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.

D．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.

(　　)2.What’s the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?

A．Lacking protection.

B．Being stuck by plastics.

C．Being caught by humans.

D．Treating plastics as food.

(　　)3.What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．Some people don’t know the solution to plastic waste.

B．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.

C．It’s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.

D．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.

(　　)4.From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.

B．A travel brochure.

C．An environmental report.

D．A lifestyle magazine.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋带来的巨大危害，并呼吁人们积极行动起来，保护海洋环境。

1．D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者在第一段中提到Pilgrims是为了表明塑料垃圾对海洋有持久的影响。故选D项。

2．D　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，海洋动物面临的主要问题是把塑料当作食物。故选D项。

3．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中可知，Ted Siegler想告诉我们是采取措施处理塑料垃圾的时候了。故选C项。

4．C　题材来源题。文章主要是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保护的，由此可推知这篇文章可能来自一份环境报告。故选C项。

★阅读加油站

plastic n．/adj.塑料　visibly adv.可见地

abandoned adj.废弃的　recycle v．循环利用

rough estimate 粗略估算

Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year.

与此同时，据估计，海洋塑料每年会杀死数百万海洋动物。

Ⅱ.完形填空

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Earthquakes are common；thousands of them happen each day.But most are too   1   to feel.During a big earthquake, there is often a great noise first.Then the earth   2   terribly and many houses fall down.Railway tracks break and trains go   3   lines; a great many factories are   4  ；thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes.  5   the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake   6  ， other disasters such as fires often   7  ．More buildings are destroyed and more deaths caused.

Man knows the   8   of a possible earthquake，and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes.More than 2，000 years ago，  9  ， a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng   10   a machine which could find out from which direction the seismic waves had come，and this machine is still   11   by scientists today.Now we know much more about earthquakes and   12   they happen，but we still cannot   13   exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot prevent it from happening.So earthquakes are among the   14  disasters in the world.

No one can stop natural earthquakes.  15  ， scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震带来的灾难、人们对地震的认识以及为预测地震所做的研究。

1．A.extreme　　　　　　 B．weak

C．frightening    D．frequent

解析：选B　有些地震太微弱了，以至于人们感觉不到。

2．A.moves    B．shakes

C．jumps    D．breaks

解析：选B　根据常识可知，发生地震时，地面在晃动(shakes)。

3．A.off    B．on

C．into    D．behind

解析：选A　根据Railway tracks break可知，铁轨断了，火车出(off) 轨了。

4．A.burst    B．struck

C．destroyed    D．buried

解析：选C　工厂被破坏(destroyed)。

5．A.Except    B．Besides

C．Instead of    D．Because of

解析：选B　根据第46空后的other disasters可知，除了地震造成的损失之外，还有别的灾难。

6．A.lonely    B．later

C．themselves    D．itself

解析：选D　与后面的火灾相对应，强调地震本身造成的破坏。

7．A.follow    B．copy

C．come    D．enter

解析：选A　此处表示伴随地震而来的灾害，用follow“跟着”。

8．A.information    B．questions

C．dangers    D．frights

解析：选C　由常识可知，地震是很危险的。

9．A.as a result    B．in fact

C．for example    D．as well

解析：选C　下面是作者的举例，说明人们为预测地震所做的研究。

10．A.invented    B．discovered

C．found    D．bought

解析：选A　此处表示张衡发明了地动仪。invent指发明原来世上不存在的东西或事物，符合句意。

11．A.improved    B．repaired

C．protected    D．used

解析：选D　现代的科学家仍然在使用张衡发明的地动仪。由still可知D项正确。

12．A.where    B．when

C．what    D．why

解析：选D　根据后面的when and where判断，此空选why。

13．A.persuade    B．tell

C．express    D．point

解析：选B　此处表示我们仍然无法准确判断地震何时何地发生。tell知道；判断，符合语境。

14．A.worst    B．best

C．most    D．fastest

解析：选A　由于无法准确预测地震何时何地发生，故认为其是最严重的灾难之一。

15．A.However    B．But

C．And    D．So

解析：选A　前后句存在转折关系，but表示转折时不用逗号与其后内容隔开。

你的家乡受到地震侵袭，请写一篇新闻报道，叙述一下当时的场景以及政府救援的情况。

A terrible earthquake hit my hometown yesterday, 1.____________________________（造成了巨大的破坏）. A lot of houses and roads were destroyed, 2. ____________________________（使许多人受伤或无家可归）. 3. ________________________________________________________（似乎就要到世界末日了）! Luckily, 4. __________________________________________（士兵们来帮助寻找幸存者）, dig out people 5. ____________________________（被困在废墟中） and bury the dead. The government provided fresh water, food and shelters for the people in need.

答案：

1.causing great damage

2.leaving a great many people injured or homeless

3.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end

4.the soldiers came to help search for the survivors

5.who were trapped in ruins