英语必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world优秀课时练习

22 Discovering useful structures

【核心词汇】

1．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

(教材p.64)When I started studying German, it was a struggle.

当我开始学习德语时，我感到很困难。

[佳句]　We have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.

我们不得不与来自国内外的各种困难作斗争。

2．point of view观点；看法

(教材p.64)I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.

我终于达到了一个可以用外语思考的境地，并且我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。

[佳句]　From my point of view, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.

依我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。

3．句型公式：the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，就越……”

(教材p.64)It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.

这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言了解得越多，我的大脑开发得就越多。

[佳句]　 The more you know about our traditional culture, the more you are interested in it.

你对我们的传统文化了解越多，你就对它越感兴趣。

【语法解析】

一.　关系副词的用法

◆The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。

◆Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.　学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。

◆Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 　你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？

[名师点津] 当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。

◆Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.

他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。

二.　“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句

1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用which和whom，且不能省略。

◆Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.

一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。

2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定

(1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。

◆In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.

在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)

◆Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.

物理是我们学校每个学生都感兴趣的课程。(be interested in)

(2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。

◆I'll never forget the time during which I spent my child­hood in the country.

我永远不会忘记在乡下度过我的童年的那段时光。(during that time)

(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。

◆The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.

这种无色的气体就是氧气，没有它我们无法生存。

3．“the＋名词＋of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。

◆The newly­built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

这家新建成的咖啡馆的墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。

4．“表示全部或部分的词语＋of which/whom” 结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all、both、none、some、most等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。

◆Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.　科学家们提出了很多关于为什么人类在哭泣时会流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。

◆Many young people, most of whom were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分人都受过良好的教育。

5．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的类似结构有：

during which time 　　　　 在此期间

at which time    在这时

at which point    在这一时刻

for which reason    由于这个原因

in which case    在这一情况下

◆He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.　他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就有可能进入国家队。

[名师点津] “复合介词短语＋which”结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。

◆He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.

他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。

Ⅰ.对比填空：that, which, when, where, why

①I will never forget the days ___________ we stayed together.

②The reason ___________  he explained at the meeting was not sound.

③The reason ___________ he was late was that he missed his train.

④Keep the book in a place ___________  you can find it easily.

⑤This is the house __________________  was built by my grandfather forty years ago.

答案：

①when  ②that/which  ③why  ④where  ⑤which/that

Ⅱ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空

①Many young people, most__________were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

②Scientists have many advanced theories about why human beings cry tears, none _________________ has been proved.

③Do you remember the day _________________ you joined our club?

④There is a big window _________________ I can see the railway station.

⑤This is the man _________________ I just shook hands.

⑥None of us know the reason _________________ Tom was absent.

答案：

①of whom  ②of which  ③on which  ④through which  ⑤with whom  ⑥for which

用适当的关系词完成下面短文。

Tai Dong is a small city in southeast Taiwan 1.______________ I grew up.My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2. ______________ I was born.The house 3. ______________ which I grew up is on a main street in Tai Dong.It was a nice house with a big garden 4. ______________ there were a lot of nice flowers.My father sold tea，and my mother had a small restaurant 5. ______________there were always many customers.A cousin of mine 6. ______________family I visited every summer lived with us.He was an apprentice (学徒) 7. ______________ my father was teaching the tea business to.On the first floor of our house we had a huge kitchen 8. ______________we all gathered for dinner.I will never forget the happy days 9. ______________ we were eating and talking happily.The bedrooms were upstairs.My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom.I slept in another 10. ______________ I shared with Polly，the smartest bird that I had ever seen.

答案：

1.where   2.when  3.in  4.where  5.where  6.whose   7.who/whom/that  8.where   9.when  10.which/that

语法与写作

1．我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平。

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2．父亲从国外回来的那一天是这个男孩一生中最幸福的一天。

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3．毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。

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4．我还记得我们第一次去上海的那一天。

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5．我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。

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6．你参观过以英雄名字命名的那个公园吗？

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答案：

1.The reason why/for I want to apply for the position is that I want to improve my spoken English.

2.The day when/on which his father returned from abroad is the happiest day in the boy's life.

3.After graduation he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up．

4.I still remember the day when we went to Shanghai for the first time.

5.We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.

6.Have you visited the park which/that was named after a hero?