高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精品课时练习

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24 单元复习与提升
目标导航

1 分层单词
写作词汇
1. billion n.十亿
2. native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人
3. attitude n.态度；看法
4. system n.体系；制度；系统
5. despite prep.即使；尽管
6. factor n.因素；要素
7. bone n.骨头；骨（质）
8. carve vt.& vi.雕刻
9. dynasty n.王朝；朝代
10. means n.方式；方法；途径
11. regard n.尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待
12. affair n.公共事务；事件；关系
13. specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
14. struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
15. subway n.（BrE underground）地铁
16. gap n.间隔；开口；差距
阅读词汇
1. shell n.壳；壳状物
2. dialect n.地方话；方言
3. calligraphy n.书法；书法艺术
4. tongue n.舌头；语言
5. semester n.学期
6. apartment n.公寓套房
7. pants n.[pl.]（BrE）内裤；短裤（especially NAmE）裤子
拓展词汇
1. reference n.指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
2. based adj.以（某事）为基础的；以……为重要部分（或特征）的→base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→basis n.基础→basic adj.基础的
3. symbol n.符号;象征→symbolize v.象征
4. variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化→vary v.变化→various adj.各种各样的
5. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n.大部分；大多数
6. classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n.经典作品；名著→classical adj.古典的；经典的；传统的
7. character n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→characteristic adj.典型的；独特的 n.特征；品质
8. global adj.全球的；全世界的→globalize v.（使）全球化→globalization n.全球化
9. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏；感激；感谢
10. beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n.乞丐
11. equal n.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equality n.平等；相等→equally adv.平等地；相等地
12. demand n.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的
13. description n.描写（文字）；形容→describe v.描述；形容
14. relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n.关系→relationship n.关系
2 高频短语
1. refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2. ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3. date back （to...）追溯到
4. no matter where, who, what, etc.不论……;不管……
5. point of view观点；看法
6. relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
3 经典句型
1. There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger；neither apple nor pine in pineapple（菠萝里既没有苹果，也没有松木）.（neither...nor...）
2. Over the years, the system developed into different forms， as it was a time when（那时） people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. （It was a time when...）
3. That writing system was of great importance（有重要意义） in uniting the Chinese people and culture.（be of+抽象名词）
4. It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow（学的语言越多，我的大脑就越发达）.（the+比较级,the+比较级）
5. I used to get high marks in English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening（听力方面有许多困难）.（have trouble with）

主题延展

【话题重现】
As we all know, learning English is one of the 1._____________（demand）of modern society and will do good to our future career. However, to learn English well, I 2. _____________ （struggle） against many difficulties. Despite all my efforts, I was still poor in English, 3. _____________ made me upset. One day, I came to our English teacher and asked him what my major problem was. He told me that it was of great 4. _____________（important）to try to use English as frequently as possible. Besides, he told me that I should make good use of the school library, which 5. _____________（date）from about 100 years ago. It provides 6. _____________ variety of reference books, and I can refer 7. _____________ materials to help my studies. In the end, he said, “Any means 8. _____________（be）based on hard work. I believe you will make it as long as you work hard. The 9. _____________（hard）you work, the greater progress you will make.” With the help of my teacher, my English has improved a lot. Here I sincerely express my 10. _____________（appreciate） to my English teacher.
答案：
1. demands 2. have struggled 3. which 4. importance 5. dates 6.a 7. to 8. is 9. harder 10. appreciation
【主题词汇】

分层提分

基础过关


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With a local guide leading the way，they had no difficulty____________ (walk) out of the forest.
2．The position calls for ____________ (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
3．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond ____________ (describe)．
4．Sales director is a position____________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
5．A student who has learnt British English might not be familiar ____________ the different vocabulary that an American might use.
6．He made another wonderful discovery，which I thought was of great ____________ (important) to science.
7．When he left his ____________ (nation) country, he said he would not return until he was successful.
8．____________ the difficulty, she finally became the first Indian female athlete to compete in the Olympics.
9．This temple has a long history____________ (date) back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.
10．They said that due to the ___________(globe) warming the forest is producing 47 tons of wood each year.
答案：
1. walking 2. related 3. description 4. where 5. with 6. importance 7. native_ 8. Despite 9. dating 10. global
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．无论你认为你自己多么聪明，你都要为了成功努力工作。(no matter)
_________________________________，you must work hard in order to succeed.
2．随着全球气温持续上升，越来越多的冰正在融化。(as引导时间状语从句)
_________________________________，more and more ice is melting.
3．许多人听这首歌，使它更加流行。(现在分词作结果状语)
Many people listen to the song, _________________________________.
4．我一进去，就看见孩子们正在厨房里做饭。(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When I walked in, I_________________________________ in the kitchen.
5．关于是否发表这个报告我们展开了争论。(whether＋动词不定式)
There is an argument among us about _________________________________.
6．他叔叔根据他童年的故事拍了一部电影。(base)
His uncle made a film _________________________________ in his childhood.
答案：
1.No matter how clever you consider yourself
2.As the global temperature keeps increasing
3.making it more popular
4.saw the children cooking
5.whether to publish the report
6.based on his story

能力提升


完形填空
If you have that one friend, you're rich.That one friend is different from all the others, dear as they may be.
I met Jeanine on my 1 day of high school, more than 35 years ago, at the age of 15.Painfully shy, I had 2 up for student council because I thought it might save me from wandering around a huge high school shamefully alone.It was still early in the day.I'd 3 my new green trench coat and couldn't remember which building it was in. 4 there in the office, miserable, I wanted to vanish into the crowd.
Heard a girl's 5 ：“Do you have a lot of friends？”
When I saw her — tiny, delicate, with beautiful eyelashes — I 6 and answered, “Are you kidding? I'm the girl 7 knows.”
“Well, I'm nobody，” Jeanine said.
That was it.The two of us were instant 8 ．For the next years Jeanine and I spent hours on the phone each weekday and virtually every weekend night together.As boys came and went, we drowned our 9 in tomato soup.In my mother's old Chevy, we cruised (游览) the West Side of Chicago.We sat on AI Capone's grave one Halloween night.Lying on blankets under the stars, we talked of our 10 ， pouring our hearts out.
Jeanine wanted to sing on the Broadway stage, 11 I wanted to write a novel.
As high school 12 ， I became a student council officer and made friends by the score.Jeanine? She 13 the sidelines.She was like the angel in my pocket.I never forsook her, never excluded her.Other friends could not understand our 14 ， because we seemed like such 15 ．But we weren't.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者和Jeanine的友谊，叙述了她们初次见面和交往的过程。她们分享快乐与梦想，分担痛苦与失望，同时作者表达了自己对这段珍贵友谊的重视和对好朋友的感激之情。
1．A.last　　　　　　　　　 B．first
C．next D．second
解析：选B　35年前，作者上高中的第一(first)天就遇见了Jeanine。
2．A.put B．stood
C．signed D．turned
解析：选C　作者认为自己太害羞，所以报名参加学生会以免自己一人尴尬地在这么大的校园里徘徊。
3．A.lost B．met
C．found D．forgot
解析：选A　“我”弄丢(lost)了自己的衣服，记不起把它丢在哪栋楼里了。
4．A.Walking B．Running
C．Standing D．Jumping
解析：选C　“我”痛苦地站(standing)在那儿，想让自己消失在人群中。
5．A.noise B．sound
C．rumour D．voice
解析：选D　这时，“我”听见一个女孩的声音(voice)。
6．A.smiled B．laughed
C．cried D．wept
解析：选A　“我”看见一个瘦小的女孩，心情放松下来，笑着(smiled)回答了她的问题。
7．A.everybody B．anybody
C．nobody D．each
解析：选C　“我”回答说自己是一个没人(nobody)认识的女孩，幽默地表达了自己的处境。
8．A.enemies B．friends
C．classmates D．roommates
解析：选B　两个处境相同的女孩立即成了朋友(friends)。
9．A.happiness B．surprise
C．shocks D．sorrows
解析：选D　“我们”会因和男友分手而痛苦(sorrows)。
10．A.feelings B．emotions
C．dreams D．hopes
解析：选C　根据第七段内容可知，她们谈到自己的梦想(dreams)，一个想唱歌、一个想写小说。
11．A.while B．since
C．every time D．meanwhile
解析：选A　两个人的梦想是并列关系，所以选while。
12．A.went B．lost
C．progressed D．missed
解析：选C　随着高中生活的继续(progressed)，“我”成了一名学生会干部。
13．A.loved B．preferred
C．satisfied D．hated
解析：选B　分析语境可知，此处指Jeanine更喜欢(preferred)做一个旁观者。
14．A.devotion B．loyalty
C．sincerity D．treasure
解析：选A　没人能理解“我们”对彼此的关爱(devotion)。
15．A.opposites B．similarities
C．mistakes D．friends
解析：选A　分析语境可知，此处指“我们”看起来是如此截然不同(opposites)，但是“我们”又是好朋友。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Calligraphy （书法）, 1 （consider） as one of the most unique traditional Chinese art, has a long history of about 1,000 years. It is not only a tool of cultural communication 2 an artistic treasure with shining and extraordinary beauty. As the representative of Chinese art, it 3 （know） as the most ancient artistic form in the eastern world. Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring 4 （country）.
To practise calligraphy 5 （require） the basic tools of Four Treasures of the Study as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush dipped（蘸） in fluid ink, and writing on the paper 6 the ink will spread quickly. Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, 7 （strong） and agility （敏捷） are the essence of fine artwork. When writing, many calligraphers will forget all worries and even 8 （they）, combining all thoughts in the beauty of art. Thus it can also shape and improve a person’s temper and promote well-being.
Calligraphy, 9 a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul. Today, although various modern ways have been substituted for the original calligraphy, 10 （especial） which is created with a writing brush, people still love the ancient form and practise it untiringly.
1. considered
[解析]考查非谓语动词。Calligraphy与consider之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填considered。
2. but
[解析]考查固定搭配。not only... but （also）...表示“不仅……而且……”，故填but。
3. is known
[解析]i考查动词的时态和语态。句意：作为中国艺术的代表，中国书法被认为是东方世界最古老的艺术形式。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且it和know之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is known。
4. countries
[解析]考查名词复数。此处表示临近的国家，根据空前的many可知，应用名词复数，故填countries。
5. requires
[解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是动词不定式作主语，且表示一般情况，故填requires。
6. where
[解析]考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
7. strength
[解析]考查词性转换。此处应用strong的名词形式，与speed和agility作并列主语，故填strength。
8. themselves
[解析]考查反身代词。句意：许多书法家在写的时候将会忘记所有忧愁，甚至会忘记他们自己而倾注所有的心思于艺术的美中。主语和宾语形成互指，应填该词的反身代词形式，故填themselves。
9. like
[解析]考查介词。句意：书法，像一面镜子，是心灵无声的写照。由语境可知，此处表示“像”，故填介词like。
10. especially
[解析]考查词性转换。此处作状语，应该用该词的副词形式，故填especially。

培优拔尖


读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My friend Barb is probably one of the busiest people at church.You can always find Barb helping take care of the old, giving items to the needy，babysitting the kids, picking up things, helping plan parties and so on — what she does for everyone is seemingly endless.
A few months ago, she called me on a Tuesday afternoon. After the usual exchange of pleasantries (客气话), she asked me if we had any plans for the coming Friday evening.“No，” I told her.“How would you guys like to go to Disney On Ice？” she asked.One of the touring Disney ice skating performances was in town for that weekend only.Going to it would be fun, but tickets were out of our budget (开支).
At first, I thought Barb was inviting us to go with her and her husband.My first thought was that it would be nice but we can't afford it.My second thought was that of course she already knew that and that she wanted to offer us tickets.And I would not let her or anyone else pay for our tickets.Little did I know that she had already worked out a plan.
“Well, that would be nice, but ...” I replied.“Good，” she stopped me speaking.“I just won four tickets, and I'm giving them to your family！”“WHAT？！”I asked in surprise.
“Oh yeah, I do silly things like this frequently.One of the radio stations was giving tickets to the ninth caller.I called and won.I know you guys don't usually have money for things like this, so I want you to have them.”It turned out that Barb called the radio station all the time.And this time, she won.“I'll bring the tickets to the church on Wednesday night, Okay？”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
On Wednesday night, she brought the tickets on time.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
For two kids aged 4 and 7, this was a special gift indeed.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
On Wednesday night, she brought the tickets on time. They were great seats to watch the performance.Barb was a pleasant and helpful person who always thought of others.I was pretty certain that she had not only gone to the radio station to get them in person, but also asked the worker there to be sure to give the best seats, because she knew our kids dreamed of watching such a great performance.
For two kids aged 4 and 7, this was a special gift indeed. It was even cool for us grown­ups.Our kids were especially fond of watching beloved Disney stories come to life with real actors and wonderful skating.I could see our kids' eyes shining with joy that night.Because of Barb, they now have two special memories: the memory of a wonderful show, and the memory of the kindness that made it possible.I'm so grateful to Barb for all that she has done.