高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet优秀练习题

10  Discovering useful structures

【核心词汇】

1.function n．功能；作用；机能　vi.起作用；正常工作；运转

(教材P30)They've built a kind of new PC with more functions.他们制造了一种功能更多的新电脑。

the function of a policeman  警察的职责

the function of a clock  钟表的功能

the function of the heart  心脏的功能

perform/serve vital function  起重要作用

function as  起……作用；具有……功能

function as a mobile phone  具有移动电话的功能

❶In your new job you will perform a variety of functions.

在新的工作岗位上，你将要履行许多不同的职责。

❷The sofa also functions as a bed.这沙发还可当床用。

❸Flights in and out of Taipei are functioning normally again.

进出台北的航班又恢复正常了。

联想拓展：

perform/fulfill a(n)．..function履行……职责，发挥……作用

perform a variety of functions履行多种职责

function well/normally运转良好/正常

2.confirm vt.确认；使确信；证实；证明；批准　confirmation n．证实；确认书；证明书

(教材P30)Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password？你确认Wi-Fi密码了吗？

confirm that/wh-  证实……

It has been confirmed that...  已经证实……

confirm sb. in sth.  使某人确信某事

confirm sb. as sth.  任命某人担任某职位

❶What you have said confirms my prediction.你的话证实了我的预测。

❷It has been confirmed that people are more likely to get ill under pressure.

已经证实，人们在压力下更容易生病。

❸The latest evidence confirmed us in his idea.最新的证据证实了他的观点。

❹He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.

他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的时间内担任队长。

❺Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices.在最终决定之前，家长/照料者将被要求签字确认他们孩子的选择。

❻He proved (to be) a great writer.

事实证明他是一位优秀的作家。/他证明是一位优秀的作家。

词语辨析：confirm与prove

(1)confirm和prove均可作及物动词，后接宾语；

(2)prove还可作连系动词用，意为“证明是，被发现是”，后接形容词或名词作表语，常用固定搭配是prove (to be)＋adj./n.。

3.press vt.按；压；敦促　pressure n．压力

(教材P30)Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file？你按下按钮复制文件了吗？

press against sth.  紧贴着某物

press...against/on...  把……按在……上

press a button/switch/key  按下按钮/开关；按键

❶The shoes press against my toes.这双鞋压着我的脚趾。

❷Press the button, then the machine will work.按下电钮，机器就能转动了。

词语拓展：

be under pressure to do sth.面临做某事的压力

put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力

blood pressure血压

reduce pressure减轻压力

give in to pressure屈服于压力

under pressure to resign被迫辞职的压力

deal with pressure应对压力

【语法解析】

一、含义

现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。

二、基本结构

1．肯定式： 主语＋have/has been done ...

He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.

他已被挑选出来参加运动会。

2．否定式： 主语＋have/has not been done ...

The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.

墨迹还没有从他的外套上去掉。

3．一般疑问式： Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...?

Has the date for the next meeting been decided?

下次会议的日期已经确定了吗？

4．特殊疑问式： 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...?

Who has been trained for the coming English speech contest?

为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁接受了训练？

三.现在完成时的被动语态的2个用法

1．表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，经常与一些副词连用，如：already，ever，never，recently，lately，just，yet等，通常把这些副词放在助动词have或has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。

Tom's novel has not been published yet.汤姆的小说还没有出版。

2．表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态，经常与for a time，since，how long，so far等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

The child has been taken care of by grandma all these years.

这些年来，孩子一直由奶奶照看。

【名师点津】

现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，就是have/has和been，这两个都是助动词，缺一不可。

四.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别

一般过去时的被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，它的结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态，动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但强调这个动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。

*The house was built last year.

这个房子是去年建造的。

*The house has been built. We can move in.

这个房子已经建好了。我们可以搬进去。

五.几点注意事项

1．由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态，不能与表示一段时间的状语(如：for four days，how long等)连用，而要改换动词或者是时态。试比较：

*How long has this book been bought？(×)

*How long ago was this book bought？(√)

2．短语动词不能分割，而且不能省略短语动词中的介词或副词。试比较：

*The patient has been taken good care.(×)

*The patient has been taken good care of.(√)

3．并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如：happen，occur，take place，break out，belong to，cost，last等不及物动词或词组，就没有被动语态。试比较：

*Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around the dinner table.(×)

*Some of the best conversations have ever happened around the dinner table.(√)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．A great many machines ________________ (produce) by the factory since the technological revolution.

2．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories ________ (set) up in the past ten years.

3．In the last few years, thousands of films ________________ (produce) all over the world.

4．Up to now, a lot of high-rise buildings ________________ (build) in our city.

5．Over the past three years, more than $10 million ________________ (spend) carrying out the project.

6．The robots ________________ (use) to help humans do some dangerous work since the late 1990s.

7．The English song ________________ (sing) for many years, but we still like it.

8．Professor Yang ________________ (invite) to the film festival twice so far.

9．Over time I ________________ (change) quite a lot.

10．It ________________ (use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.

Ⅱ.句型转换

1．We have sent some rockets to space to explore the Moon and Mars.

Some rockets ________________ to space by us to explore the Moon and Mars.

2．Robert has bought an iPhone using his own money.

An iPhone ________________ by Robert using his own money.

3．The famous company has given the computers away to those high schools.

The computers ________________ by the famous company to those high schools.

4．The local government has chosen the university to organize the training course.

The university ________________ by the local government to organize the training course.

5．They haven't told me that the meeting will be put off until next Friday.

I ________________ that the meeting will be put off until next Friday.

6．People use bamboo in many different ways for thousands of years.

Bamboo ________________ in many different ways for thousands of years.

用动词的适当时态、语态填空。

As time went by, computers 1.__________________ (被制作) smaller.Since the 1970s, they 2. _________________ (已被使用) in offices and homes, and at the same time many new applications for them 3. _________________ (已被发现).Besides being important in communication, finance and trade, they 4. _________________ (也被放入) robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.They have even been put into space rockets to explore the Moon and Mars.

Ⅰ七选五

Studies have shown that about 30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19 are either overweight or obese(肥胖的)．1．________ Besides, the situation in the countries of the European Union is similar．

If you are gaining weight, it does not always mean that you are becoming obese．After all, children and young adults need nutrients to grow．2．________ However, if you begin putting on too much weight, you may be on the road to obesity．

3．________ Genes are one of the factors that can lead to it．Genes determine how your body stores food and how well it turns food into energy．Your genes come from your parents, so overweight parents are more likely to have overweight children．

Although you may have good genes, you can still become obese．In fact, the lack of physical exercise can also cause obesity．4．________ For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVs．

Many of us eat up to four meals a day thanks to excessive(过度的) snacking．And when we have a snack, we may don’t consider eating fruits．But this is not always the children’s fault．5．________

A．Fast food is another reason for obesity．

B．But what may cause childhood obesity?

C．That is almost one out of three young Americans．

D．This increases their chances of becoming overweight．

E．So it is normal for them to gain weight as time goes on．

F．Nowadays, our free time activities have greatly changed．

G．After all, there are many stores offering all kinds of snacks near schools．

Ⅱ. 语法填空

I took a short flight the other day．The passengers on the plane 1．____________(offer) an in­flight snack—a sandwich which contained dairy and meat．Since I 2．____________(feel) totally full at that time of the day, I put it in my bag．I hoped later that day, I may come across a homeless person, to 3．____________this sandwich may mean his only meal．

Well, I did come across a homeless man later that day．That man was with 4．____________(he) dog Bella．When I gave him 5．____________sandwich, I noticed his smile as he was opening the sandwich．He shared it 6．____________Bella．They started to eat quickly．7．____________(see) how hungry he was, I emptied my bag of all treats and food I had．I also went and bought a large coffee for him．He 8．____________(sincere) thanked me and continued to have his “big” meal．

Kindness is such a simple thing for us to do．However, for 9．____________(receive), it can be life­changing．As a saying goes, “Ten men banded(聚集) together in love can do what ten thousand separately would fail in．” If each of us does one kind thing at a time, the strength 10．____________(build) up will be surprising．