人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement优秀课时作业

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第二讲Using Language & Other Parts

目标导航jing






重点
词汇
1．rainbow n．　彩虹
2．plasma n. 血浆
3．aerospace n. 航空航天工业
4．patriotic adj. 爱国的
5．aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行
6．jet n. 喷气式飞机
7．missile n. 导弹
8．telescope n. 望远镜
9．cast vt.(过去式cast，过去分词cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)； 投掷
10．shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处
11．concrete n. 混凝土
adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
12．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
13．leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能

14．trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
15．outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的
16．abstract adj. 抽象的；理性的n. (文献等的)摘要
17．concept n. 概念；观念
18．besides prep. 除……之外(还)adv. 而且；此外
19．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
20．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
21．fault n. 弱点；过错
22．shift n. 改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向
23．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
24．pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)



词汇
拓展
1．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工→machine n．机器；机械装置
2．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；援助→assistance n．帮助
3．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．天赋；天才
4．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.平稳地；稳定地
5．astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学


重点
词组
1．break out　突然开始；爆发
2．in charge of 主管；掌管
3．come down 患(病)；染上(小病)
4．above all 最重要的是；尤其是
5．switch...to... 改变……到
6．conduct research into/on 从事……的研究
7．discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
8．trace back to 追溯到
9．admit one’s fault 承认某人的错误


重点
句型
1....it casts different shadows of you...
……它投射出你不同的影子……
2.A non－Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.
非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。
3.However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
4.Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.
斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。
5.However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
6.We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.)我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。



知识点睛jing


原文呈现
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE①
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen【1】．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic② and served his homeland with effort, achievement，and devotion③【2】， Qian was an extremely well－respected man.
【1】画线部分中包含“否定词＋比较级”结构，该结构表示最高级含义。
【2】过去分词短语Described by the...devotion作状语；过去分词短语中who was patriotic...devotion为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词man。with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit”为介宾短语作定语，把定语从句与先行词man分开了。
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering④.However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to⑤ aviation⑥ because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force⑦ to protect and defend⑧ the country.
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.Over the course of⑨ the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer inB10 American jet⑪ and rocket technology.As a graduate assistant⑫ at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into⑬ rocket propulsion⑭，and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s leading space－exploration centres.
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of⑮ not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile⑯ programme【3】．At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped⑰.No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China.Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from⑱ taking on the challenge⑲.When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
【3】句中的not only...but also...连接介词短语in charge of的两个宾语。
Under Qian’s leadership⑳， China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets【4】．In 1970，China successfully launched its first man－made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”．
【4】过去分短语followed by the first...rockets作伴随状语。
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research.However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist【5】 was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
【5】句中的what引导主语从句；made him such an outstanding...scientist属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.,
课文译文
中国航天之父
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，他是一个爱国的人，以努力、成就和奉献精神为祖国服务。钱学森是一位非常受尊敬的人。
钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后进入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工程。然而，1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和捍卫自己。
1935年，钱学森赴美攻读研究生。在20世纪30年代和40年代，钱学森成了美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱。20世纪30年代，钱学森作为加州理工学院的研究生助理，协助参与了火箭推进领域的重要研究；20世纪40年代，他和其他几人建立了喷气推进实验室。现在这个实验室是美国国家航空航天局主要的太空探索中心之一。
在美国的最后几年，钱学森克服了一些困难后，于1955年回到中国。他受到了来自祖国的对待英雄般的欢迎。他不仅被任命负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。当时，中国很贫穷，火箭技术也不发达。中国没有任何学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，也没有这一领域的人才或专家。尽管如此，钱学森并没有因此放弃接受挑战。当被问及“我们中国人有可能造出导弹吗？”，他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？别人能做到的事情，我们中国人一样能做到。”
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制了东风导弹，随后是第一代长征火箭。1970年，中国成功地用长征火箭发射了第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。神舟火箭背后的许多技术也都可以追溯到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。
钱学森博览群书，知识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的可能是他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。他对艺术的深刻鉴赏常常给他的科学研究带来灵感。
2009年10月31日，钱学森去世，举国上下悲痛不已，人们用不同的方式纪念他。


原文呈现
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk【1】．Since he came down① with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract② thought.
【1】画线部分中的介宾短语in his wheelchair，形容词短语unable to move及现在分词短语using a computer to talk都作定语，修饰 images of him。
Hawking first achieved fame③ when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe.The first was the steady④ state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end【2】．The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.The biggest champion⑤ of the steady state concept⑥ was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths⑦.Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true.Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers⑧ with telescopes⑨.A star was born.
【2】句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the steady state theory。
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius？Besides⑩ being brilliant, he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did【3】．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore⑪， he was quite determined.This had helped him as a scientist，and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease.Above all⑫， Hawking was willing to admit his faults⑬.This odd⑭ combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
【3】画线部分though sometimes careless...or did是though引导的让步状语从句的省略，将从句补充完整则是“though he was sometimes careless...or did”。what he said or did是what引导的宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，what在从句中作宾语。
课文译文
一个纯思维的世界
史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都对他坐在轮椅上，无法移动，用电脑说话的画面很熟悉。自从他得了一种使他大部分肌肉失去功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
霍金第一次出名是在1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理系的研究生，身体还足够健康，可以行走。一般来说，关于宇宙的起源有两种主要的理论。一种是宇宙恒稳态理论，该理论认为宇宙无始无终。另一种是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙开始于时间和空间的某个单点。剑桥大学教授弗雷德·霍伊尔是宇宙恒稳态理论的最大支持者。在霍伊尔的一次讲座结束后的问答环节中，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在计算中犯了一个错误。一旦该计算问题得到修正，它就证明大爆炸理论才是正确的，而非宇宙恒稳态理论。霍金本人对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。一位明星诞生了。
那么，是什么让史蒂芬·霍金成为一个天才的呢？除了聪明以外，他还很勇敢，尽管有时说话或做事会粗心。他愿意说别人不敢说的话，想别人不敢想的东西。此外，他很坚定。这对他作为一名科学家很有帮助，而且对他与疾病作斗争的帮助更大。最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。这些奇怪的特点组合在一起使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。

知识解析
一.cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷；选派(角色)
...it casts different shadows of you...(教材P6)……它投射出你不同的影子……
【精讲】cast sb as...　选某人扮演
cast a/your vote (for...) (为……)投票
cast...over/on/across... 在……上投射……
cast n. 全体演员；投；掷
[一词多义]　写出下列句中cast的词性及含义
①When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow over your life, this is a serious problem.vt.投射(光、影子等)
②He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.vt.选派角色，分配角色
③She cast an impatient look at Mitch and stormed out of the room.vt.向……投以
④The whole cast of My people, My Country performs/perform brilliantly.n.全体演员
⑤About ninety－five percent of those who cast their votes approved of the new plan.vt.投票
二.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) vi.(水)流出来；(烟)被吐出；涌现；下大雨
A non－Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.(教材P7)非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。
【精讲】pour sth into/down/out(sth)　把某物倒进/倒下/倒出(某物)
pour sth into sth 大量投入(金钱等)于某事物
pour out 倾吐；倾诉；尽情地诉说
pour cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨
①We’ll pour about 30% more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
我们将往一个矮且宽的玻璃杯里倒入的液体比往高且细的玻璃杯里倒入的液体多大约百分之三十。
②The government has poured a large sum of money into the education system.
政府把大量资金投入到了教育系统中。
三.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
【精讲】(1)defend...against/from...保卫……免受……之害
defend against... 防御……
defend oneself/sb 为自己/某人辩护
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护；防御物
defence against ……的抵御物
in defence of... 保卫……；为……辩护
come to sb’s defence 为某人辩护
①She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence.
她往后退，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在防卫。
②The immune system is our main defence against diseases.免疫系统是我们抵御疾病的主要屏障。
四.gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.(教材P8)斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。
【精讲】be gifted in (doing) sth　　在(做)……方面有天赋
be gifted with sth 天生具备……
gift n. 天赋；礼物；赠品
have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋
①Don’t sell her short：she is very gifted in some areas.
别小看她，她在某些方面很有天赋。
②Tom is gifted in painting while Mary has a gift for language.
汤姆在绘画方面有天赋而玛丽在语言方面有天赋。
[语境串记]
The gifted young girl who has a gift for music was presented with some wonderful gifts by the audience.
这个年轻的天才女孩在音乐方面有天赋，观众送给她一些精美的礼物。
五.abstract adj.抽象的，理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要
Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.(教材P8)自从他得了一种使他大部分肌肉失去功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一种抽象的思想世界。
【精讲】(1)adj.抽象的，抽象派的。其反义词为concrete(具体的)
abstract thinking/noun/concept抽象思维/名词/概念
(2)vt.写出(书等的)摘要；提取；分离
abstract...from...从……中摘录/提取；分离
(3)/n.(文献等的)摘要；概要；抽象派艺术作品
in the abstract抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory)
(4)abstractly adv.抽象地
[一词多义]　写出下列句中abstract的词性及含义
①I liked facts，things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.adj.抽象的
②In the lecture, the professor told his students how to write an abstract of a graduate paper.n.摘要
③It is known to all that rubber is abstracted from trees.vt.提取
六.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
【精讲】含有break的其他常用短语
break away from　挣脱；逃离
break down (谈判)失败；出故障；(身体) 垮掉；分解
break in 打断谈话；插话；闯入(行窃) (不加宾语)
break into 强行闯入
break off 中断；断开
break through 突破；冲破；克服；战胜
break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落
①A fire broke out in a hospital last night, but no one was killed.
昨天晚上一家医院发生了火灾，但没有人伤亡。
②See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
看，你的电脑又出故障了！为了省几个钱而去买廉价品牌的电脑是不明智的。
[名师提醒]　如此“发生”
break out, take place, happen, occur都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。
七.in charge of主管；掌管
He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(教材P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，他不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹项目。
【精讲】in charge　主管；负责
(sth be)in the charge of＝(sth be)in one’s charge (某事)由某人负责/主管
take charge(of...) 负责……；掌管……
free of charge＝for free 免费
①He asked to speak to the person in charge.他要求和负责人说话。
②There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him.托儿所有个很调皮的男孩，一个通常对孩子很有信心的老师被要求来负责照顾他。
③My uncle is in charge of a local hospital.
→A local hospital is in the charge of my uncle.我叔叔掌管一家当地医院。
八.above all最重要的是；尤其是
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.(教材P9)最重要的是，霍金愿意承认他的错误。
【精讲】first of all　首先(强调顺序)
after all 毕竟；终究
above all 尤其是；最重要的是(强调重要性)
all of a sudden (＝suddenly) 突然，冷不防
all but(＝almost) 几乎；差不多
①After all, no one knows me better than me.
毕竟，没有人比我更了解我自己。
②Never waste anything, and above all never waste time.
任何东西都不要浪费，尤其是时间。
③All of a sudden they felt the earth tremble around them.
突然他们感到周围的大地在颤抖。
④They learned that work was all but impossible to find in that country.
他们听说在那个国家找工作几乎是一件不可能的事。
九 We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.(教材P8)我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。
【精讲】the same后有时用that引导定语从句，表示“同一个，就是那一个”。
①This is the same cell phone that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那部手机。
②I bought the same book as you read yesterday.
我买了一本跟你昨天读的一样的书。
[易混辨析]
the same...as...
表示“与……一样……”，即同类异物
the same...that...
表示“同一个”
十. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not？...”(教材P8)当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？……”
【精讲】状语从句的省略用法归纳：
(1)省略的条件：当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中的谓语动词由be动词构成时，从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略；从句的主语和主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it且谓语动词为be时，it和be动词可以省略。
(2)省略的形式：“when/while/if(主语＋be)＋分词、形容词、介词等”，“though/although/unless(主语＋be)＋分词、形容词、介词等”或者“though/although/unless(主语＋与主句谓语相同的动词)＋副词”。
①When speaking (speak) English, he often makes mistakes.
他说英语时经常犯错误。
②Unless frightened, elephants will not attack you.
除非受到惊吓，否则大象不会攻击你。
③If necessary，we’ll help him solve the problem.
如果有必要的话，我们会帮助他解决这个问题。


分层练习


题组A 基础过关练
一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词
1．I’d like to buy a (望远镜) for my son as a gift.
2．This scientist made great contributions to the development of (天文学)．
3．All the teachers are satisfied with your (绝妙的) performance in the speech contest.
4．The house isn’t big enough for us, and (此外), it’s too far from the town.
5．Strong (领导才能) is needed to captain this team.
6.The player’s (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present.
7．The professor’s theory is hard for us to understand.
8．I’m really sorry—it is all my ．
9．To our amazement, he refused to his idea.
10．I have got memories of my happy childhood.
【答案】1.telescope 2.astronomy3.brilliant4.furthermore5.leadership6.outstanding7.abstract 8.fault9.transform 10.vivid
二.单句语法填空
1．We tried to discourage him climbing the mountain without a guide.
2．To protect ourselves from getting infected, what can we do besides (wear) masks?
3．If you don’t know much about cars, take a friend who has a deep (understand) of them along while choosing cars.
4．The new car had to be withdrawn from the market because of a ( mechanic ) defect (缺陷)．
5． matters is that we all have our own dreams, goals and desires.
6．She is counted among the most (gift) of contemporary composers.
7． (attract) by the beauty of nature, the family from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
8．If you make a decision to (pursue) a career in this field, then you will have to make certain sacrifices.
9．All the police are trained to defend themselves knife attacks.
10．Before leaving Guangzhou for Paris, the foreign guest came with her children to thank the shop
(assist) who was kind to them.
【答案】1.from 2.wearing 3.understanding 4.mechanical5.What 6.gifted 7.Attracted 8.pursue 9.against/from10.assistant
三.选词填空
break out, above all, in charge of, come down with，have a great impact on, think outside the box，trace back to, dream of
1．The old tea houses in Hangzhou can the Southern Song Dynasty.
2． , we must make good use of online courses to improve our learning efficiency.
3．For years man being able to communicate directly with animals.
4．It’s required that the people who a fever be sent to designated hospitals (定点医院) to have further examinations.
5．The difficulties and challenges we meet at university will our personality.
6．He was named as a team leader the prevention of this deadly epidemic.
7．To solve this tough problem, we’re going to have to ．
8．Under certain circumstances, however, some diseases can and cause widespread infection.
【答案】1.be traced back to 2.Above all3.has dreamt of4.come down with 5. have a great impact on6.in charge of 7.think outside the box8.break out
四.补全句子
1． a nice long walk on the beach.
她最喜欢的莫过于在沙滩上长时间愉快地散步。
2．It is quite obvious that we must apply other methods ．
很明显，我们必须用其他方法来解决这个问题。
3． , but the students also have theirs.
对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。
4． you shouldn’t be so particular about food.
我个人认为你不应该对食物那么挑剔。
5．The doctor walked toward his office, ．
这位医生朝他的办公室走去，后面跟着一群记者。
6． why she went through a red light, she vigorously.
当被要求解释为什么闯红灯时，她极力为自己辩解。
【答案】1.She likes nothing better than2.to settle/deal with/solve the problem3.Not only do the professors have their own ideas about the matter4.I personally hold that5.followed by a crowd of journalists6.When asked to explain，defended herself

题组B 能力提升练
一.课文语法填空
The Father of China’s Aerospace
Perhaps no other scientist has had a 1. (great) impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.He was a well－respected man, 2. served his homeland with effort, achievement and devotion.Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and Shanghai.In 1935, he went to the US 3. further study and then worked there.After overcoming some difficulties, he 4. (return) to China in 1955, and was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science as well as the space and missile programme.5. (face) with challenges, Qian didn’t feel discouraged.When 6. (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was “Why not？” Under 7. (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles，rockets, and man－made satellites 8. (success)．Qian was knowledgeable.However, 9. made him an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 10. (inspire) in scientific research.The whole country was saddened by Qian’s death in 2009.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了航天科学家——钱学森。
1．greater　【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：或许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国的航天科学影响更大了。由后文中的than可以判断设空处用形容词比较级，故填greater。注意：否定词与形容词比较级连用表示最高级的含义。
2．who　【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， served his homeland with effort, achievement and devotion是一个非限制性定语从句且从句中缺少主语，修饰先行词man，故填who。
3．for【解析】考查介词。句意：1935年，他去美国深造，然后在那里工作。further study意为“深造”，前面应用介词for。
4．returned　【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在克服了一些困难之后，他于1955年回到中国……。分析句子结构可知，设空处充当谓语，根据时间状语in 1955确定用一般过去时，故填returned。
5．Faced【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：面对挑战，钱学森并没有气馁。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作状语，be faced with...意为“面对……”，故填过去分词Faced。
6．asked【解析】　考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”，他的回答是“为什么不能呢？”。分析句子结构可知，设空处完整的表达为：When (he was) asked“Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，故填asked
7．his【解析】　考查代词。句意：在他的领导下，中国成功地研制了自己的导弹、火箭和人造卫星。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语修饰名词leadership，故用形容词性物主代词his。]
8．successfully【解析】　考查词性转换。句意：在他的领导下，中国成功地研制了自己的导弹、火箭和人造卫星。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语修饰动词developed，故用副词successfully。
9．what【解析】　考查名词性从句。句意：然而，使他成为一位杰出的、创造性的科学家的可能是他对其他东西的兴趣，比如音乐和绘画，这为他的科学研究提供了灵感。分析句子结构可知， made him an outstanding and creative scientist是一个主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故用连接代词what。
10．inspiration【解析】考查词性转换。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，设空处作及物动词gave的直接宾语，故填名词inspiration，意为“启发；灵感；激励”。


题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读理解
Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long－lasting positive impact on people’s mental well－being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a lasting positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short－term boost.Co－author Mathew White, from the European Centre for Environment and Human Health at the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety.“There could be a number of reasons，” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they try hard for promotion or pay rises, or they get married.But the trouble with all those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well－being.So, these things don’t make us happy in the long term.We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500，000 the positive effect was definitely there，but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline.”
Dr.White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people’s sense of well－being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time.To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey by the University of Essex.
Explaining what the data revealed, he said，“What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many of the other things that we think will make us happy.” He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well－being.Dr.White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it.What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.”
1．According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?
A．Improve their work efficiency.
B．Add to their lasting happiness.
C．Help them build a positive attitude towards life.
D．Lessen their concerns about material well－being.
2．What does Dr.White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?
A．How it affects different people.
B．How strong its effect is.
C．How long its positive effect lasts.
D．How it benefits physically.
3．What did Dr. White research reveal about people living in a green environment?
A．Their stress was more apparent than real.
B．Their decisions required less consideration.
C．Their memories were greatly strengthened.
D．Their communication with others improved.
4．According to Dr.White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?
A．Find financial support.
B．Improve urban planning.
C．Involve local residents in the effort.
D．Raise public awareness of the issue.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员分析了城市绿地对人的长远影响，比如提高幸福水平，减少心理压力等。
1B　【解析】细节理解题。该题问的是城市绿地对人们有什么影响。根据第一段第一句可知，城市绿地对人类的精神健康有着积极持续的影响。故选B。
2C　【解析】细节理解题。该题问的是White博士试图了解关于居住在绿色城区的哪些情况。根据第二段首句可知，White博士试图了解这种关乎人们幸福感的积极影响会持续多久。故选C。
3D　【解析】细节理解题。该题问的是White博士的研究揭示了关于生活在绿色环境中的人的什么。根据第三段第二句可知，White博士的研究揭示了生活在绿色地区中的人压力较小，能够做出明智的决定，交流得更好。故选D。
4A　【解析】细节理解题。本题问的是为了在城市建设更多的绿地，政府应该做些什么。根据短文末句可知，政府应该做的是决定从哪里获取资金支持。故选A。