高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Teenage life教学设计
展开必修一
Unit 1 Teenage life
【主题:青少年生活】
本单元按照课文要求须掌握的语法点是:“名词、形容词、副词短语的句法功能”。
- 英语名词的句法功能
⑴ 做主语
Self-confidence is the key to success.自信是成功的关键。
The lawyerwill undertake this case .这个律师将承办这宗案件。
⑵ 做宾语
It is everyone's duty to love animals .爱护动物是每一个人的义务。
Teenagers today are facing lots of pressure.现在的青少年面临很多的压力。
⑶ 做补足语
Mary was made head of the delegation . 玛丽被选为代表团的团长。(主语补足语)
He named his son John . 他给儿子取名约翰。(宾语补足语)
⑷ 做表语
I am not a wage-earner ; I am a self-employed man .我不是工薪阶层,我是一个个体经营者。
Lydia turned nurse , which she didn't wish to be .莉迪亚当了护士,可那不是她所希望的。
⑸ 做同位语
That is my new English teacher ,Mr Wang.那就是我的新英语老师,王老师。
We stdents need to develop our interests fully.我们学生应该充分发展我们的个人兴趣。
⑹ 做状语
See you next week .下周见。
She only works afternoons .她只在下午工作。
⑺ 做定语
The young man gave his girlfriend a diamond necklace.这个小伙子给了他女朋友一串钻石项链。
Sorry , I am a chemistryteacher , not an English teacher.抱歉,我是化学老师,不是英语老师。
- 名词短语(词组)的构成和功能
名词短语由“限定词+形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词+名词+介词短语”构成,在句中当作名词用,可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
The English teacher in red will go abroad next year. 这位穿红衣服的英语老师明年将出国。(作主语)
I want to take part in some interesting school clubs. 我想参加一些有趣的学校社团。(作宾语)
He is the most handsome boy in the class. 他是班里最帅的男孩。(作表语)
We consider Yao Ming the most famous basketball player in China.我们认为姚明是中国最著名的篮球运动员。(作宾语补足语)
⑴名词的修饰语与名词的位置关系
① 名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,叫作前置定语或定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,叫作后置定语。
② 在英语里,修饰名词的定语,其语序的位置是极有规律的,下面是一个“黄金公式”,称为“左二右六”规律:
限定词(冠词/指示代词/物主代词/不定代词)+形容词/形容词性短语/描述性名词+中心名词+六类后置定语(介词短语/分词短语/不定式短语/形容词短语/定语从句/同位语从句)。如:
The boy is my brother. 那男孩是我哥哥。
冠词+中心名词
The cute boy is my brother. 那个可爱的男孩是我哥哥。
冠词+形容词+中心名词
The cute boy in blue jeans is my brother. 那个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我哥哥。
冠词+形容词+中心名词+介词短语
The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother. 那个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我哥哥
冠词+形容词+中心名词+现在分词短语
The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. 那个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我哥哥
冠词+形容词+中心名词+定语从句
- 英语形容词的句法功能
⑴ 用作表语
Everyone was happy. 每个人都很高兴。
He is interested in watching TV. 他对看电视感兴趣。
⑵ 用作定语
He is an honest student. 他是个诚实的学生。
The young man is her boy friend. 这个小伙子是她的男朋友。
⑶ 用作宾语补足语
He pushed the door open. 他把门推开了。
We found the problem very difficult. 我们发现这个问题很难。
【注】这类句型若变为被动语态,形容词则为主语补足语:
The problem was found very difficult. 人们发现这个问题非常困难。
⑷ 用作状语
He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他回到家里,又饿又累。
I went there full of joy. 我兴高采烈地去了那儿。
He sat in the corner, silent. 他坐在角落里,一言不发。
【注意】
形容词用作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。这类结构通常可用从句或并列句来改写:
He came over, eager to help. / He came over and (he) was eager to help. 他走过来,急于想帮忙。
以上形容词用作状语的情形,有人也称之为主语补足语,因为它们是补充说明主语的。另外,还有一类特殊的形容词用作状语:
The stove was red hot. 火炉是炽热的。
It’s boiling hot. 它是滚烫的。
His face was bright red. 他的脸是鲜红的。
The weather is freezing [icy, bitter] cold. 天气冷极了。
其中的red, boiling, freezing, icy, bitter 等的实际意义大致相当于very,起加强语气的作用,并且它们用法也很有限,如可说 bitter cold(冰冷),bitter wind(寒风)等,习惯上却不说 bitter hot(炽热),bitter busy(极忙)等。
⑸ 用作独立成分
Strange to say, he married such a girl. 说来也怪,他娶了那样个女孩子。
Sure enough, he got angry at the news. 果然,他对这个消息很生气。
Worse still, we got lost in the dark. 更糟的是,我们在黑暗中又迷路了。
- 形容词词组(短语)的构成和功能
⑴ 形容词短语由“副词+形容词+介词短语”构成,在句中当作形容词用,可以修饰名词或代词作定语,还可以用作表语或宾语补足语。
He was one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.
他是现代爵士乐最有影响力的表演者之一。(作定语)
His hard work made him very successful in his job.
他的勤奋工作使得他在工作上非常成功。(作宾语补足语)
⑵ 形容词(短语)作状语
形容词(短语)作状语时, 通常说明主语的情况, 即表示主语的状态、性质、特征等, 有时它和宾语的关系密切, 且可位于句首、句末和句子中间, 通常和句子的其他部分用逗号分开。
Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy maths problem.他害怕困难,宁愿做容易的数学题。
- 英语副词的句法功能
⑴ 用作状语
Look at the photo carefully. 仔细看看这张照片。
You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
⑵ 用作表语
The meeting is over. 会议结束了。
Is anyone upstairs? 楼上有人吗?
Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的?
【注】在通常情况下,用作表语时不用副词而用形容词,如可说The woman is beautiful. 而不说 The woman is beautifully. 可说The cloth feels soft. 不能说 The cloth feels softly. 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词,而且只能用于连系动词be 后作表语,而不用于其他连系动词后作表语,如可说He is here 或 He is abroad,但不能说He seems here 或 He seems abroad。
⑶ 用作宾语
It’s hot in here. 这里面很热。
It’s not far from here. 从这儿去不远。
I’ll stay at home tonight. 今晚我将呆在家里。
【注】副词用作宾语的用法十分有限,通常只用作介词宾语,并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词,而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点,如 here和there 可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介词连用,但通常不与介词to连用,如不说come to here, go to there 等(注:from here to there是例外),而表地点的副词abroad 则只与介词from连用,不与其他介词连用。
⑷ 用作宾语补足语
Ask him in, please. 请叫他进来。
We must try to help him through. 我们必须设法帮他渡过难关。
Sorry to have kept you up so late. 对不起,让你这么晚不能睡觉。
【注】一般说来,能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语:
He went to see her but found that she was out. 他去看她,但发现她不在家。
He went to see her but found her out. 他去看她,但发现她不在家。
⑸ 用作定语
The people there were very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。
Do you know the people downstairs? 你认识楼下的人吗?
The shops around are very cheap. 附近商店的东西很便宜。
【注】在通常情况下,副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后,若置于修饰名词之前,则通常被视为形容词,如the upstairs room和the room upstairs 都表示“楼上的房间”,但前者的upstairs 前置,为形容词;后者的upstairs后置,为副词;又如the above passage 和the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”,但前者的above 前置,为形容词;后者的above后置,为副词。
- 副词词组(短语)的构成和功能
副词短语由“副词+副词”构成,在句中当作副词用,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,作状语。
I can't catch up with him. He runs very fast.我追不上他,他跑得非常快。(修饰动词)
The was far too small for him to get through.
窗户对他来说实在太小,他钻不过去。(修饰形容词)
We must work much more carefully than we did before.我们必须比从前更谨慎地工作。(修饰副词)
【单元练习】
Ⅰ. 写出下列加黑短语的构成形式及在句中所作成分
1. The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei.
2. She studies English very hard.
3. Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.
4. I’d like to go to coffee shop this weekend.
5. Surprisingly enough, he refused our offer.
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I suggest that you think about it very ______(careful).
2. Mary and Jane are quite ______ (difference).
3. He spoke too______ (quick) for me to understand.
4. It really works very ______ (good).
5. They got home at last, ______ (tire) and hungry.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示对句子进行提升
1. There are some roses.
→There are _______________.在那张小桌上有一些红玫瑰。
2. Look at the bird.
→Look at _______________.看树上的那只漂亮的小鸟。
3. It's raining.
→It's raining _______________.雨下得很大。
4. My words made him happy.
→My words made him _______________.我的话让他高兴得像个孩子。
5. 我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。
→We will try to make our country _______________.
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 1. 限定词+形容词+名词;作主语 2. 副词+副词;作状语 3. 形容词+名词;作宾语
4. 名词+名词;作宾语 5. 副词+副词;作状语
Ⅱ. 1.carefully 2. different 3. quickly 4. well 5. tired
Ⅲ. 1. some red roses on that small table 2. the beautiful bird in the tree 3. very heavily
4. happy like a child 5. more beautiful
【必修一Welcome Unit参考答案】
Ⅰ 1.(主语) 2.(状语) 3.(宾补) 4.(宾语) 5.(谓语) 6.(同位语) 7.(表语) 8.(定语)
Ⅱ 1. 主语+系动词+表语 2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 3. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语
4. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 6. 主语+谓语(及物动词)
7. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 8. There be...句型
Ⅲ 1. are_becoming_more_and_more_popular 2. when_to_discuss_the_problem_again
3. told_me_a_very_interesting_story 4. read_English_aloud
5. Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early 6. Great_changes_have_taken_place
7. English_easy_to_learn 8. everything_will_be_all_right
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