【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 13 课时3 Grammar 讲义

这是一份【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 13 课时3 Grammar 讲义，文件包含Unit13课时3Grammar学生版docx、Unit13课时3Grammar教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth. Grammar现在进行时；现在完成时；被动语态知识点01  现在进行时【语法详解】1. 概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为或表示现阶段正在进行的动作。2. 结构：现在进行时常有三种句型：  （1）肯定式：主语＋be＋v-ing＋其他。 He is mending his bike. 他正在修自行车。 （2）否定式：主语＋be＋not＋v-ing＋其他。 He is not（isn’t）mending his bike. 他没在修自行车。（3）疑问式：主要分一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种句式。        ①一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋v-ing＋其他? —Is he mending his bike? 他正在修自行车吗？ —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.        ②特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be＋主语＋v-ing＋其他？   What is he doing? 他正在干什么？  3. 常用的时间状语有：now，at the moment，right now，these days等。在句首出现look或listen时，也可以判断出后面的句子用现在进行时。 She is watching TV now. 她现在正在看电视。 Listen! Who’s singing in the classroom? 听！谁正在教室里唱歌？现在分词的构成。(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加ing。     go → going             ask → asking               look→looking (2) 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加ing。    have → having      take→taking          make→making       write→writing(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing。    get → getting             sit → sitting             put → putting          run → running     swim → swimming         begin → beginning           shop → shopping现在进行时的用法。(1)  表示说话时动作正在进行，往往与now连用，有时用在祈使句之后。What are you doing now？你现在在做什么？Don't make any noise. Mother is sleeping.不要吵。妈妈在睡觉呢。(2)  表示现阶段动作正在进行，但不一定是说话时正在进行，往往和at present，this week，these days等时间状语连用。What lessons are you learning this week？你们这个星期学哪些课了？(3)  当句中含有Look！或Listen！Can you see...，Can't you see...等暗示词时，后边句子也用现在进行时。Listen！Who is crying in the next room？听！谁在隔壁房间哭呢？-We can't go out to play.我们不能出去玩了。-Why not？为什么不能呢？-Can't you see it is raining outside？你没看见外面正下雨吗？[注意]动词go，come，leave，start，arrive等可以用现在进行时表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。How many of you are coming to the party next week？你们有多少人下周来参加聚会？She is leaving for Qinghai this weekend.这个周末她将动身去青海。以下这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中：①表示感官的动词，如see，hear等。②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like，love，hate等。③表示希望的动词（词组），如want，would like等。④表示状态的动词，如be等。⑤表示归属的动词，如have等。⑥表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词，如know，forget等。【即学即练】Please wait for a moment. My boss __________ his car to come here.A．is driving B．drove C．drives D．was driving知识点02  现在完成时【语法详解】1. 概念：表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already，yet，just连用。      2. 构成：助动词have / has +过去分词。 I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。（照片已不在我这儿了）      —Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃过午饭了？               —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃的。（现在不饿了）  3. 常用的时间状语：①already，yet，just，ever，never，before；②this morning（week，month...），today，now；③up to now，till now，so far，in the past few（two，three...）years等。4. 现在完成时用法（1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。
    eg. The car has arrived.　车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）
　     Someone has broken the window.　有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）
区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in
have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了
have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中
have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在
　　（2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。
　　eg. He has studied English for 5 years.   He has studied English since 2001.
　　　 Now I have finished the work.
　注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。
5. 延续性动词和瞬间性动词(终止性动词)（1）延续性动词：work, stand, know, keep, have, wait, sleep, sing, live, walk, read, watch…（2）瞬间性动词：die, arrive, close, become, come, fall, leave, go, buy, borrow, lend, begin, start, join…注：瞬间性动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，要把动词或者时间状语做适当调整，句子才能合理。如：The old man died three years ago.     The old man has been dead for three years.（3）常见的瞬间性动词后接一段时间时，须进行如下转换1.动词变动词buy--have,  borrow—keep, become—be,  make friends—be friendscatch a cold—have a cold① I have had this bike for a week. (buy)  ② Mary has kept this book since last Monday. (borrow)2.动词变为“be +  adj./adv.”begin—be on,  get married—be married,  leave—be away,  open/close—be open/closed,  finish—be over,  fall ill—be illdie—be dead① The film has been on since ten minutes ago. (begin)② They have been married since they came to Handan. (get married) 3.动词变为“be+介词短语”join—be in(be a member of),  put on—be in He has been in/has been a member of  the army for three years. (join)6. 现在完成时的三个固定结构：（1）have / has been to表示某人曾经去过某地，现在已不在某地。可以和表示次数的单词或短语连用，如once，twice，three times等。 I have been to the USA twice. 我去过美国两次。（2）have / has gone to表示某人去某地了，可能在途中，也可能到了那里，总之不在说话处。—Where’s Jim? 吉姆在哪里？—He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。（3）have / has been in表示某人在某地待了一段时间，经常与＂for+一段时间＂连用。 We have been in this city for three years. 我们在这个城市待了三年了。【即学即练】—Excuse me. What is the Trip Code used for?— It’s used to show where we ________ over the last 14 days.A．are B．were C．have been D．will be知识点03  被动语态【语法详解】主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。1. 基本结构：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词2. 主动语态与被动语态之间的转换   We  visited  that factory  last summer.        主动语态  That factory  was visited  by us  last summer.      被动语态 3. 感官动词（hear，see，watch等）或使役动词（make，let等）在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时必须使用to。make somebody do something → somebody + be + made to do something     see somebody do something → somebody + be + seen to do something      A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. 一个女孩经过的时候看见我的钱包掉了。→ My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.  【即学即练】—It’s so tiring to wash clothes by hand. When can we use the washing machine?—Not until it ________ tomorrow.A．repairs B．will repair C．is repaired D．will be repaired考法01 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系，即对现在造成的结果或影响，不能和具体的表示过去的时间状语连用；而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，和现在没有关系。
例如: I watched a movie last Sunday. 上周日我看了一部电影。（仅说明过去某一时间发生的动作） ---Would you like to watch the movie Zootopia with me?---I'd like to, but I have seen it. 我已经看过了。（强调“看过电影”对现在产生的影响，不想再去看了）考法02 延续性动词与非延续性动词
    现在完成时中非延续性动词不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。此时应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词，转换情况可见下表：非延续性动词（短语）延续性动词（短语）例句borrowkeepHe has been away for a week. 他离开有一周了。How long have you kept the book? 你借这本书多长时间了？buyhavediebe deadget (to)be (in)leavebe awaybecomebefall asleepbe asleepbeginbe ongo outbe outjoinbe a member ofput onwear题组A  基础过关练1．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）—You look pretty busy. What’s up? —We ________ for an office party this Friday evening. There will be about thirty people, and I am the organizer.A．prepare B．have prepared C．are preparing D．were preparing2．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room. A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing3．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）COVID-19(新冠肺炎) ________ the world, and many people’s life changes a lot.A．influenced B．is influencing C．is influenced D．was influenced4．（2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）—Why is Kate absent from class? —Oh, she ________ the meeting.A．was attending B．attended C．is attending D．attends5．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—Hello! May I speak to Kate?—Sorry, she isn’t in. She ________ ping-pong outside.A．is playing B．plays C．played D．will play6．（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题）—Paul, where’s your mom?—She ________ for us in the kitchen now.A．will cook B．cooks C．is cooking7．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）—China’s high-speed railway technology ________ the world now.—That’s true. It has developed rapidly over the past years.A．led B．was leading C．is leading D．will lead8．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）We ________ a meeting. Come and join in.A．were having B．are having C．had D．have been9．（2022·江西·中考真题）—Sssh! Be quiet. I’m on the phone.—Who ________ you ________ to, mom?A．do, speak B．are, speaking C．will, speak D．have, spoken10．（2022·重庆·中考真题）— Excuse me, what is Nick doing?— Look! He ________ flowers outside.A．waters B．watered C．is watering D．has watered11．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）Sally ________ with a Chinese family since she came to Dalian.A．stays B．will stay C．has stayed D．was staying12．（2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）The Art of War is great and I________ it many times so far.A．read B．have read C．am reading D．will read13．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Your watch is so cool! When did you get it?—On my 12th birthday. I ________ it for 3 years.A．bought B．have had C．have bought14．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）David is very productive and ________ five books in the past ten years.A．writes B．wroteC．has written D．is writing15．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）—I ________ in London for many years.—You have never regretted moving back to China, have you?A．lived B．was living C．have lived16．（2022·北京·中考真题）Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned17．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Christine ________ the family’s Sunday lunch since she was 12 years old.A．cooks B．cooked C．will cook D．has cooked18．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mike, why are you standing outdoors?—I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back.A．have lost B．will lose C．had lost D．lose19．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening? —Oh, it’s a good movie. But I _________ it already.A．saw B．have seen C．see D．will see20．（2022·河北·中考真题）Sorry, I ________ a mistake. Let me correct it.A．will make B．am making C．was making D．have made21．（2022·广西梧州·中考真题）Three Chinese astronauts ________ into space on June 5th, 2022.A．were taking B．are takingC．were taken D．are taken22．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—This silk scarf looks nice.—Yes, and it ________ in Thailand.A．made B．makes C．was made23．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The world’s largest astronomy(天文学) museum ________ on July 18th, 2021 in Shanghai.A．built B．is built C．was built24．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）Some new schools ________ in our city next year.A．are built B．were built C．will build D．will be built25．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）A speech on robots ________ in the school hall next Friday afternoon.A．is given B．will be givenC．was given D．has been given26．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park.A．was taken B．takes C．is taken D．took27．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）A new supermarket ________ on Center Street next year.A．was built B．will be built C．is built28．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）I ________ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me?A．have attacked B．was attacked C．was attacking D．am attacked29．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing.A．hold B．held C．is held D．was held30．（2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）Five more clubs ________ next week to make our school life rich and colorful.A．set up B．are set up C．will be set up D．were set up题组B  能力提升练31．（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）我期待着两个月后的高中生活。I’m ______________________________ going to senior high school in two months.32．（2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）这个作家兼演讲家现在正在她的家乡做关于中国文化的讲解。The writer and speaker _______ _______ a speech on Chinese culture in her hometown now.33．（2022·江苏常州·中考真题）这些科学家们正在为我们打开一个全新的世界。The scientists ___________________________________________ to us.34．（2022·湖北荆州·中考真题）Look! Jack ________ . Let’s join him.瞧！杰克正在踢足球，我们也去吧。(play)35．（2022·陕西·中考真题）越来越多的外国人对中国的茶文化感兴趣。More and more foreigners are ___________ China’s tea culture.36．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）香港已回归祖国25周年。Hong Kong ________ to our motherland for 25 years.37．（2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）孔子是一位著名的哲学家，他的至理名言对不同国家的许多人产生了影响。Confucius was a famous philosopher __________ wise sayings have __________ many people in different countries.38．（2022·江苏常州·中考真题）女足运动员们对自己要求非常严格，所以她们取得了很大的进步。Women football players were _____________________________________.39．（2022·贵州贵阳·中考真题）孔子是一位对中国教育有着深远影响的思想家。Confucius is a thinker ____________ a far-reaching influence on Chinese education.40．（2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）志愿者们已经来这儿将近一个月了。The volunteers __________ for nearly a month.41．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）这位游客想知道这座博物馆投入使用多久了。The visitor wants to know __________________________.42．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）火车晚点了，我们已经在车站等候了两个小时。（wait）The train is late. We ________ it at the station since two hours ago.43．（2022·湖北宜昌·中考真题）据报道，中国已经为非洲儿童提供了大量的帮助。(offer)It is reported that China ________ much help to African children already.44．（2022·湖北随州·中考真题）你读过《哈利·波特》吗？________ you ________ Harry Potter yet?45．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）一些专家指出电视剧的故事不真实，会误导青少年。Some experts have ________ ________ that the fake stories on TV can mislead teenagers.46．（2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）必须制定更多法规来防范任何可能的危险。More laws must be __________ to __________ against any possible dangers.47．（2022·贵州贵阳·中考真题）冰墩墩的设计是从5800多份作品中挑选出来的。The design of Bing Dwendwen __________ from over 5,800 works.48．（2022·湖北荆州·中考真题）A new Yangtze River Bridge ________ in Jingzhou.荆州将建一座新的长江大桥。(build)49．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）据说从下学期开始，煮饭会成为小学生的一项必备技能。(say)____________________  (that) cooking will be a basic skill for pupils from next term.50．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）因为下雨，学校运动会不得不被推迟。（put）The school sports meeting had to ________ because of the rain.题组C  培优拔尖练51．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago.（改为同义句）Cathy’s parents ________ ________ married for twenty-five years.52．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）Tom borrowed the book two weeks ago. (改为同义句)Tom ________ ________ the book for two weeks.53．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）They sell a lot of things in Oxfam shops to help people in need. (改为被动语态)A lot of things ________ ________ in Oxfam shops to help people in need.54．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Schools usually don’t allow students to wear their own clothes at school. (改为被动语态)Students _______ usually not _______ to wear their own clothes at school.55．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）He repaired the old bike last week. (改为被动语态)The old bike __________ _________ by him last week.56．（2022·甘肃甘肃·中考真题）The bees collect honey from the flowers. (改为被动语态)Honey ________ ________ from the flowers by the bees.57．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）My mom makes me do the dishes every day.（改为被动语态）I am ________ ________ do the dishes every day.58．（2022·重庆市开州区德阳初级中学模拟预测）Bob is reading novels in his room now.(改为否定句)Bob ______________ novels in his room now.59．（2022·重庆·模拟预测）Linda is taking up a hobby like painting.（改为否定句）Linda ________ ________ up a hobby like painting.60．（2022·甘肃甘肃·中考真题）— Have Tom and Jerry seen this movie before? (补全否定回答)— No, ________ ________.