【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 4 课时3 Grammar 讲义

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Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark Grammar反意疑问句知识点01  反意疑问句的定义与结构【语法详解】定义：当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。
1. She is a student, isn’t she?
2. We speak Chinese, don’t we?
结构：反义疑问句构成：陈述句+简短问句？
结构一： 前肯，+ 后否
eg. She is a student, isn’t she?
结构二： 前否，+ 后肯
eg. She isn’t a student, is she?
解题步骤：
1. 变：把前句变为一般疑问句(看变成一般疑问句之后第一个词是什么) 
2. 反：前肯后否，前否后肯
3. 换：把主语换成人称代词
【即学即练】Jack, you’re going to the mountain village to help the children, ________?A．don’t you B．do you C．aren’t you D．are知识点02  特殊句式（否定意义的词）【语法详解】反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom，以及no-短语 （no, no one,nobody,nothing）等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。
【即学即练】Bob has few friends in his new school, __________?A．hasn't be B．does he C．doesn’t he知识点03  特殊句式（否定意义的前缀的词）【语法详解】反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-,-less, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。
【即学即练】It’s unfair,      ?A．isn’t it B．is it C．isn’t he D．is he知识点04   特殊句式（主语是this等代词）【语法详解】当主语是this、that、everything、anything、nothing、to do短语、doing或其短语、从句时，疑问句部分主语用it；但是如果主语是those, these，疑问句主语用they。【即学即练】Everything begins to grow fast in spring, ________?A．does it B．do they C．didn’t it D．doesn’t it知识点05  特殊句式（主语是somebody等代词）【语法详解】当陈述部分主语是somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)时，问句部分用he；【即学即练】—Somebody broke into (闯入) the store, ________?（反意疑问句）—Yes. Let’s call the police right now.知识点06  特殊句式（主语是there be等代词）【语法详解】当陈述部分是there be结构时，疑问句部分主语用 there。【即学即练】There is little milk in the fridge, _________________?A．is there B．isn’t thereC．is it D．isn’t it知识点07  特殊句式（I am）【语法详解】反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t I？表示。 【即学即练】I’m able to see it clearly. （改为反意疑问句）I’m able to see it clearly, ________ ________?知识点08  特殊句式（must）【语法详解】当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况：
(1)mustn't表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？
(2)must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？
(3)当must用来表示对现 在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at English, isn’t he?
他英语一定学得很好，是吗？
She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she?
她一定是位优秀的英语老师，是吗？【即学即练】It must be more valuable,________it?（完成反意疑问句）知识点09  特殊句式（need）【语法详解】当陈述部分谓语动词是need,且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。若need 为情态动词，疑问部分用need构成。
We need to help them, don’t we?
You needn’t go there, need you?【即学即练】You need some help, ________ you?A．don’t B．needn’t C．do D．need知识点10  特殊句式（祈使句）【语法详解】(1)若为let’s引导，反问句用shall we?
Let’s go home together, shall we? 让我们一起回家，好吗？
(2)若为let us/me引导 和否定祈使句，都用will you？
Let us stop to rest, will you? 让我们停下休息，好吗？
Don’t make any noise, will you? 别弄出噪音，好吗？
(3)肯定祈使句则用will you 或won’t you 都行
Do sit down, won’t you? / will you? 请坐，好吗？
You feed the bird today, will you? 今天你喂鸟，是吗？
Please open the window, will you? (won’t you?) 打开窗，好吗？
【即学即练】Don’t arrive late for class, _____?A．do you B．aren’t you C．will you D．don’t you知识点11  特殊句式（宾语从句）【语法详解】陈述部分是主从复合句时，反义疑问句主语常与主句主语一致。
She said she would come tomorrow, didn’t she?
但当陈述部分是“ think/believe/guess/suppose+宾语从句”时，如果主句的主语是第一人称，疑问部分根据从句进行反问。口诀：一从二三主一从：当主句的主语为第一人称（I/We），这是反义疑问句问句应该与从句一致。这时，如果存在否定前移，需要先把否定转移到从句处，再做反义疑问句的问句。其他和肯定句的方法一样。如：
I think he is handsome, isn't he? / I don't think he is handsome, is he?
二三主：当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，反义疑问句问句与主句一致。注意：二三人称没有否点前移，所以不用考虑那么多，直接看主句，主句肯定问句用否定，反之。如：
They think he is handsome, don't they?
They don't think he is handsome, do they?
【即学即练】I think we can finish all the work before Friday, ________?A．don’t I B．can’t we C．can we知识点11  回答【语法详解】回答反意疑问句要根据事实来回答，肯定事实用Yes，否定事实就用NoYes, sb +助动词/情态动词/be动词No, sb+助动词/情态动词/be动词+not Mary likes eating fish, doesn’t she?—Yes, she does.是的，她喜欢。—No, she doesn’t.不，她不喜欢。Mary doesn’t like eating fish, does she?—Yes, she does.不，她喜欢。—No, she doesn’t.是的，她不喜欢。【即学即练】—She's never heard of Abing, ________ she?—________. She said that his piece, Erquan Yingyue was her favorite music.A．is; Yes, she is B．has; Yes, she has C．hasn't; No, she hasn't D．isn't; No, she isn't考法01 反意疑问句的肯定与否定
陈述部分附加疑问部分例句hardly,few,little,no,not,never,nobody,nothing,seldom,nowhere等否定句或半否定句肯定式Nobody came here while I was out, did they?There’s little rice at home, is there?Dave can hardly cook, can he?no one,nobody,one,nothing, neither 等作宾语多用肯定式也可用否定形式Peter has nothing to say, does he?You got nothing from her, did you?含有un,in,im,dis等否定前缀的派生词否定形式That’s unfair, isn’t it?The boy is hopeless, isn’t he?She dislikes pets, doesn’t she?考法02 一些特殊句式的附加疑问句陈述部分句式附加问句部分例句I am...aren’t II’m your friend, aren’t I?I wish...may II wish to have a look, may I?Let’s （表示建议，包括说者）shall we/shan’t weLet’s sing a song, shall we?Let us （表示允许，不包括说话者）will you/won’t youLet us make it by ourselves, will you?Let me/him/themwill youLet me do it again, will you?Let him join us, will you?表示邀请、请求的祈使句will/won’t youCome here this evening, will you?You will speak English, won’t you?否定的祈使句（表示请求）will/can youDon’t make a noise, will/can you?感叹句用一般现在时be的形式What fine weather, isn’t it?并列句与邻近的分句一致Mary is a nice girl, but she doesn’t like maths, does she?主从复合句多与主句的主、谓语一致Jim wouldn’t go if it rained, would he?I don’t think/believe/guess...+宾语从句与从句的主、谓语一致，且用肯定形式I don’t think this story is fun, is it?I don’t believe he knows it, does he?so...or...oh...前后两部分一致（前否后也否）He is Michael Jordan, or is he? 考法03 附加部分与陈述部分主语不一致的情况陈述部分主语附加部分主语例句this,that,anything,something,nothing,everything,不定式，动名词（短语），从句itThis is your sister, isn’t it?Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?Nothing is serious, is it?To learn Japanese isn’t easy, is it?What she said was true, wasn’t it?some (none) of...it/theySome of the boys have left, haven’t they?None of the food was delicious, was it?these/thosetheyThese/Those are not parrots, are they?anybody,someone,everyone,either,nobody,each of,no one, none,neitherhe/theyEveryone knows this, don’t they?Each of boys had an apple, didn’t he/they?Nobody saw him, did they?No one called me just now, did they?复数代词oneone/heOne can’t always be young, can one/he?the + 形容词以及由both...and,either...or,neither...nor,and,not only...but(also)..., or等连接的主语复数代词The poor had no right to vote then, did they?Both Rose and Mary left, didn’t they?Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?考法04 附加问句部分与陈述部分谓语不一致的情况
陈述部分谓语附加部分谓语例句have不作“有”讲do/does/didThey all had a good time, didn’t they?We have to say goodbye, don’t we?need/dare作实义动词doHe needs a lot of money, doesn’t he?I’ve never dared to ask her, have I?must（必须）needn’t（不必）We must finish it today, needn’t we?can’t（不可能）表示推测根据can’t后的动词选用相应的形式The person can’t be an inspector, is he?They can’t have finished it now, have they?must + be对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时处理Ann looks pale. She must be ill, isn’t she?The boys must be playing football on the playground now, aren’t they?must + 完成时表示对过去情况的推测作一般过去时的附加疑问句处理The interviewers must have come yesterday, didn’t they?He must have been there then, wasn’t he?must + 完成时用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理His cousin must have lived here at least ten years, hasn’t he?used to + 动词原形didn’t 主语He used to live in the town, didn’t he?题组A  基础过关练1．Don't make so much noise, ______?A．will you B．won't you C．shall we D．do you2．He has never been to Beijing,         ?A．doesn’t he B．does he C．hasn’t he D．has he3．Let’s meet at the school gate, ________?A．shall we B．shall you C．will we D．will you4．—What a fine day! Let’s go for a picnic, ________?—Sounds like a good idea.A．shall we B．don’t we C．can we5．—He didn’t go to school late yesterday, did he?—_________, though it rained hard yesterday.A．No, he didn’t B．Yes, he didn’t C．Yes, he did D．No, he did6．—That’s Mike, isn’t it?—________. Mike is much taller.A．Yes, it is B．No, it isn’t C．Yes, it does D．No, it doesn’t7．-Wang Bin has never stopped smoking, ____________ he?- ____________, he hasn't. Although his wife always advises him not to.A．has, Yes B．hasn't, Yes C．has, No D．hasn't, No8．—He’s just come back from work, _____?   —______. He won’t come back until tomorrow.A．hasn’t he; Yes, he has B．hasn’t he;   No, he hasn’tC．isn’t he; Yes, he, is D．isn’t he; No, he isn’t9．I don’t think he can speak French, ________?A．doesn’t he B．does he C．can’t he D．can he10．The amusement park has received many visitors, ________?A．has it B．hasn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it题组B  能力提升练11．It’s an unimportant meeting. (改为反意疑问句)It’s an unimportant meeting, ___________ ___________?12．Peter didn’t clean the room. (完成反意疑问句)Peter didn’t clean the room, ___________?13．It never snows here in winter.（改为反意疑问句）It never snows here in winter, ___________?14．Don’t open the door, ___________ ___________?（改为反意疑问句）15．What color!(改为反意疑问句)What color, ___________ ___________?16．Lingling is a beautiful girl, ___________ ___________? (完成反意疑问句)17．You listen to pop music, ___________ ___________? (完成反意疑问句)18．Let’s play football, ___________ ___________?（改为反意疑问句）19．Let’s play badminton on the playground after school.(改为反意疑问句)Let’s play badminton on the playground after school, ___________ ___________?20．Susan can hardly hear the answer.(改为反意疑问句) Susan can hardly hear the answer, ___________ ___________?题组C  培优拔尖练21．She is a schoolgirl, ______________?(完成反意疑问句)22．It looks like money, ____________?(完成反意疑问句)23．They go there by bus, ____________?(完成反意疑问句)24．His mother goes to work at 8:00, ____________?(完成反意疑问句)25．The girl can sing an English song, ______________?(完成反意疑问句)26．The students had a class meeting yesterday, ____________?(完成反意疑问句)27．He forgot his umbrella, _____________?(完成反意疑问句)28．There was a telephone for you, ____________?(完成反意疑问句)29．Let’s clean our bedroom, ______________?(完成反意疑问句)30．I think he is a teacher, _________________?(完成反意疑问句)31．Both of them like thrillers, ______________?(完成反意疑问句)32．Please watch the movie carefully, _______________?(完成反意疑问句)33．My father is working in that factory now, ______________?(完成反意疑问句)34．Tom can’t read that grammar book, ______________?(完成反意疑问句)35．She usually goes to school on weekdays, _______________?(完成反意疑问句)36．Let’s invite John to our party, ____________?(完成反意疑问句)37．Few students are interested in this movie, ___________?(完成反意疑问句)38．The boy went to see his grandfather last Sunday, _____________?(完成反意疑)39．I don’t think they will come to China, ____________?(完成反意疑问句)40．There’s nothing wrong with the computer, ______________?(完成反意疑问句)