【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 5 课时3 Grammar 讲义

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Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 目标导航

Grammar
一般现在时的被动语态
知识精讲

知识点01 概念
【语法详解】语态的概念：在英语中有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

We speak English. 我们讲英语。(主动语态)

English is spoken by us. 英语被我们讲。(被动语态)

一般现在时的被动语态：表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态,主语是动作的承受者。

【即学即练】Now waste from daily life ________ to be separated into four different groups in many cities.
A．requires B．is required C．is requiring
The China Golden Rooster & Hundred Flowers Film Festival ________ in fall every year.
A．holds B．was held C．is held
Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world.
A．is spoken B．was spoken C．speaks
知识点02 句型结构
【语法详解】一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构

(1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他

The desk is made by him,这张桌子是他做的。

(2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他,

The desk isn't made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。

(3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他?

Is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他做的吗?

(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他?

Where is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他在哪儿做的?

【即学即练】．Many people speak Chinese in France.（改为被动语态）
Chinese ________ ________ by many people in France.
The government doesn’t allow people with no masks to take the underground in Shanghai.（改为被动语态）
People with no masks ________ ________ to take the underground in Shanghai.
The school doesn’t allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.(改为被动语态)
We ________ ________ to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
The festival is held every four years. (改为一般疑问句)
________ the festival ________ every four years?
知识点03 被动语态的用法
【语法详解】被动语态的用法：
(1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或是没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,可用被动语态
This desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头制成的。
(2)强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
Her bike is stolen. 她的自行车被偷了。
【即学即练】Today, many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children.
A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．were enjoyed D．are enjoyed
The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ________ by people of all ages.
A．will love B．was loved C．is loved D．will be loved
You   ________ lunch at school. So you don’t have to bring your own food.
A．give B．will give C．are given D．have given
知识点04 主动语态改成被动语态
【语法详解】主动语态改成被动语态转换步骤
第一步:先确定主动句中的主语、谓语和宾语,找出其中的谓语动词。

第二步:把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,应把宾格变为主格。

第三步:把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be十及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。

第四步:把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。

【即学即练】 They usually use the board to paint pictures.(改为同义句)
The board ________ usually ________ pictures by them.
I often hear the teacher speak to his students patiently. (改为同义句)
The teacher is often ________ ________ speak to his students patiently.
We don't allow making noise in the library.(改为同义句)
Making noise ________ _________ in the library.
Australians celebrate Australia Day on January 26th every year.（改为被动语态）
Australia Day _________ ________ on January 26th every year.
We plant many trees in spring every year.(变为被动语态)
Many trees________   _________by us in spring every year.
The cleaners water these trees every day.（改为被动语态）
These trees ______________ ______________ ______________ the cleaners every day.
We often hear the girl sing happily in her room.（改为被动语态）
The girl ________ often ________ ________ sing happily in her room.
He spends most of his money on stamps because they are his favourite.（改为被动语态）
Most of his money ________ ________ on stamps because they are his favourite.
知识点05 必背过去分词
词义
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
唤醒，醒来
awake 
awoke
awoken 
是
be
was, were
been 
忍受，承受
bear
bore
born 
打，拍打
beat
beat
beaten 
改变，变化
become
became
become 
开始
begin
began
begun 
打赌
bet
bet
bet 
吹
blow
blew
blown 
打破，破坏
break
broke
broken 
带来
bring
brought
brought 
建造
build
built
built 
燃烧，烧毁
burn
burned/burnt
burned/burnt 
购买
buy
bought
bought 
捕捉，赶上，感染
catch
caught
caught 
选择
choose
chose
chosen 
来
come
came
come 
花费
cost
cost
cost 
切，割
cut
cut
cut 
处理，应付
deal
dealt
dealt 
做
do
did
done 
绘画
draw
drew
drawn 
做梦，梦想
dream 
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
开车，驾驶，驱使
drive
drove
driven 
喝，喝酒
drink 
drank
drunk
吃
eat
ate
eaten 
落下，倒下
fall
fell
fallen 
喂，饲养
feed
fed
fed 
感觉
feel
felt
felt 
打架，对抗
fight
fought
fought 
发现，找到
find
found
found 
适合
fit
fit
fit 
逃跑
flee
fled
fled 
飞，飞翔，飘扬
fly
flew
flown 
禁止
forbid
forbade
forbidden
忘记
forget
forgot
forgotten 
原谅
forgive
forgave
forgiven 
（使）冻结；愣住
freeze
froze
frozen 
得到，到达，变得
get
got
gotten 
给，给予
give
gave
given 
去，走
go
went
gone 
种植，生长，发展
grow
grew
grown 
悬挂，垂下
hang
hung
hung 
有，怀有
have
had
had 
听到，倾听
hear
heard
heard 
躲藏
hide
hid
hidden 
击中
hit
hit
hit 
把握，持续，
hold
held
held 
（使）伤害，刺痛
hurt
hurt
hurt 
保持，继续
keep
kept
kept 
知道，得知
know
knew
known 
放置，铺设；下蛋
lay
laid
laid 
带领，率领
lead
led
led 
学习；得知
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
离开；留下
leave
left
left 
借给，贷款给
lend
lent
lent 
让；出租
let
let
let 
躺着，位于
lie
lay
lain 
点燃
light
lit
lighted 
失去
lose
lost
lost 
制作，制造
make
made
made 
意思是；想要
mean
meant
meant 
遇见；满足
meet
met
met 
吃得过多
overeat
overate
overeaten
错误
mistake
mistook
mistaken 
支付，偿还
pay
paid
paid 
摆，放，安置
put
put
put 
复述；再讲
retell
retold
retold
重建；改造；复原
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
阅读
read
read
read 
骑，乘坐
ride
rode
ridden 
按铃；铃声响
ring
rang
rung 
升起；起床
rise
rose
risen 
跑；行驶；运转
run
ran
run
说话
say
said
said 
看见
see
saw
seen 
寻找
seek
sought
sought 
卖，出卖
sell
sold
sold
发送；寄；派遣
send
sent
sent 
放，安置，确定
set
set
set 
摇晃，摇摆
shake
shook
shaken 
照耀，发光
shine
shone
shone 
给……穿鞋；给马钉铁蹄
shoe
shoed
shoed/shod
射击
shoot
shot
shot 
表示，显示，露面
show
showed
showed/shown 
关闭
shut
shut
shut 
唱歌
sing
sang
sung 
下沉，沉没
sink
sank
sunk 
坐，就坐；坐落
sit
sat
sat 
嗅，闻；察觉到
smell
smelled/ smelt
smelled / smelt
睡，睡觉
sleep
slept
slept 
滑动，滑落
slide
slid
slid 
讲话
speak
spoke
spoken 
速度
speed
sped
sped 
吐痰；吐口水；吐出
spit
spit/spat
spit/spat
传播，散布；展开
spread
spread
spread
花费
spend
spent
spent 
站、立，坐落，忍受
stand
stood
stood 
偷窃
steal
stole
stolen 
插入，刺入；粘贴
stick
stuck
stuck 
串起，缚，扎
string
strung
strung 
打扫，扫除
sweep
swept
swept 
游泳
swim
swam
swum 
拿，取，抓
take
took
taken 
教，教学，讲授
teach
taught
taught 
撕扯
tear
tore
torn 
告诉
tell
told
told 
思想，考虑
think
thought
thought 
投，掷，抛，丢
throw
threw
thrown 
理解
understand
understood
understood
叫醒，弄醒
wake
woke
woken 
穿着，戴；磨损
wear
wore
worn 
赢得，获胜
win
won
won 
写，书写
write
wrote
written 
能力拓展

考法01 主系表结构与被动语态的区别
主系表结构与被动语态的区别：
(1)被动结构表示动作，系表结构表示状态
The cup was broken by the boy.（被动语态）
这个杯子是被那个男孩打破的。
The cup is broken（系表结构）
这个杯子是破的。
(2)“主系表”结构表示“状态”时，句中的be常可由lie, stand, feel, remain等词代替
The toys lay scattered on the floor.=The toys were scattered on the floor.玩具乱扔在地板上。
He remained concealed for a long time.=He was concealed for a long time.他藏匿了很长时间。
(3)被动语态常由介词by引出动作的执行者，而系表结构中常用其他介词，如about, at, in, on, with, over, to等
I'm interested in my own hobbies, such as collecting stamps, raising birds and fishing.（系表结构）
我对自己的爱好很感兴趣，如集邮、养鸟、钓鱼。
I was interested by what you showed me.（被动语态）你给我看的东西让我很感兴趣。
(4)系表结构常由very，quite，rather，too，so，more，most等词修饰，被动结构常用greatly等词修饰
I am very interested in computer studies.我对掌习电脑很感兴趣。
I was greatly inspired by the report.我被那次报告大大地鼓舞了。
注意:作表语的过去分词常见的有：
broken碎的    lost丢了；迷路的known为人所知的  done做完的gone走了    astonished吃惊的
bored感到厌烦的  encouraged受到鼓励的invited被邀请的    frightened感到害怕的
interested感兴趣的satisfied满意的pleased感到高兴的puzzled感到不解的
touched受感动的  surprised感到惊讶的tired感到疲劳的    disappointed感到失望的
worried感到担忧的shocked感到震’凉的delighted感到高兴的
【即学即练】1．This subject is interesting. (改为同义句)   
This ________ ________ ________ subject.
2．He has big eyes. （变同义句）
________ eyes ________ big.
3．This is his mother and this is his father. (请写出另外一种表达)
________________________________________________________________
4．These are her baseballs. (改为同义句)          
These baseballs _________ _________.
5．My clock is on the table. My CD is on the table.(合并为一句)
My clock ________ CD ________ on the table.
6．Don’t fish in the pool.（保持句意基本不变）
Fishing ________ ________ in the pool.
7．The Olympic Games take place in an important city once every four years. （保持句意基本不变）
The Olympic Games ________ in an important city once every four years.
8．Teachers allow students to put up hands inclass. (改写句子，句意不变)
Students_________ _________ to put up hands in class.
9．Our government provides free medical care for NCP patients.   (改成被动语态)
Free medical care _______ _______ for NCP patients.
10．They wash the buses of the company twice a week. (改为被动语态)
The buses of the company ________ ________ twice a week.
分层提分

题组A 基础过关练
1．（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题）With double reduction policy (双减政策), students ________ less homework now so that they have enough time to take part in more activities.
A．will give B．were given C．are given
2．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—Many DIY cards ________ to mothers on Mother’s Day every year.
—How creative!
A．is sending B．are sending C．is sent D．are sent
3．（2022·河北·中考真题）—Mmm…Delicious. What is it?
—It ________ zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China.
A．calls B．is called C．called D．was called
4．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）—Waiter, a glass of apple juice, please.
—Sorry. Apple juice ________ only at breakfast.
A．serves B．is served C．is serving
5．（2022·天津·中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected
6．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it ________ to places across the world every day.
A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．will be sent
7．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world today.
A．learns B．learned C．was learned D．is learned
8．（2017·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）This kind of book sells well and _________ out in this bookshop.
A．is sold B．sells C．sold D．are sold
9．（2016·吉林·中考真题）Rice ________ by hand in many countries, such as China and India.
A．grows B．is grown C．grew
10．（2016·吉林长春·中考真题）Chinese New Year ________ the Spring Festival. People often eat dumplings.
A．is called B．was called C．calls D．called
题组B 能力提升练
11．（2019·湖北十堰·中考真题）With the development of science and technology, 5G ________ to help us live more conveniently.
A．uses B．is used C．can use D．used
12．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）All customers ________ to take their temperatures when they enter the supermarket.
A．is asked B．was asked C．are asked D．were asked
13．（2021·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）The videos about cooking tell us how food _______.
A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made
14．（2021·广西玉林·中考真题）—Mom, I feel a little bit hungry now.
—These cakes _______ with chocolate. Have some, please.
A．are filled B．filled C．fill D．are filling
15．（2021·广西桂林·中考真题）These great books ________ by people all over the world today.
A．were read B．read C．are read
16．（2021·广西梧州·中考真题）In our English class, many chances ________ to students to show themselves.
A．offer B．are offered C．offered D．are offering
17．（2021·湖南益阳·中考真题）—How clean the roads are!
—They ______ by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A．are cleaned B．clean C．will clean
18．（2021·江苏扬州·中考真题）— Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu?
— Sure, You ________ to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.
A．were expected B．will expect C．are expecting D．are expected
19．（2021·重庆·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ in our city in spring every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
20．（2020·辽宁大连·中考真题）If the rivers __________, farmers can’t use the water for their crops.
A．polluted B．were polluted C．are polluting D．are polluted
题组C 培优拔尖练
21．（2021·上海青浦·一模）At every Olympic Games, some sports are added and others are removed.（保持句意基本不变）
At every Olympic Games, some sports are added and others are ________ ________.
22．（2020·山东济南·二模）Readers, a popular TV show, invites people to read poems and articles they like. (同义句)
In Readers, a popular TV show, people _______ _________ to read poems and articles they like.
23．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）My mom makes me do the dishes every day.（改为被动语态）
I am ________ ________ do the dishes every day.
24．（2022·甘肃甘肃·中考真题）The bees collect honey from the flowers. (改为被动语态)
Honey ________ ________ from the flowers by the bees.
25．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Schools usually don’t allow students to wear their own clothes at school. (改为被动语态)
Students _______ usually not _______ to wear their own clothes at school.
26．（2022·上海崇明·一模）They check every passenger’s luggage at the underground station. (改为被动语态)
Every passenger’s luggage ________ ________ at the underground station.
27．（2022·上海·模拟预测）May writes several articles about traditional skills every month.(改为被动语态)
Several articles about traditional skills _______ _______ by May every month.
28．（2020·上海静安·一模）Law requires the wearing of seat belts.（改为被动语态）
The wearing of seat belts _______ _______ by law.
29．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Each year people add new records to the Guinness Book of Records. (改为被动语态)
Each year new records ________ ________ to the Guinness Book of Records.
30．（2021·山东·模拟预测）They often clean the classroom after school. (改为被动语态)
The classroom ________ often ________ by them after school.
31．（2021·上海浦东新·一模）We prepare the flower tea in the same way as the regular tea.（改为被动语态）
The flower tea _____ in the same way as the regular tea.
32．（2021·上海·模拟预测）Every year, we invite many doctors to give lectures on keeping fit and healthy. (改为被动语态)
Every year, many doctors ________ ________ to give lectures on keeping fit and healthy.
33．（2021·上海虹口·一模）We often hang some beautiful presents on the Christmas tree.(改为被动语态)
Some beautiful presents _______ often _______ on the Christmas tree.
34．（2020·重庆·模拟预测）Jane writes to her parents every month. (改为被动语态)
Jane’s parents_______ ______ to every month.
35．（2020·重庆渝中·二模）People plant a lot of trees on Tree Planting Day every year.（改为被动语态）
A lot of trees __________ __________ on Tree Planting Day every year.
36．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Many people visit the City Hall every year because it is a historical building.（改为被动语态）
The City Hall ________ ________ by many people every year because it is a historical building.
37．（2021·上海·模拟预测）Does Jessie often sing these pop songs?（改成被动语态）
________ these pop songs often ________ by Jessie?
38．（2021·上海闵行·二模）Many people buy green products to protect the earth. (改为被动语态)
Green products ________ ________ by many people to protect the earth.
39．（2020·上海青浦·二模）As we all know, many travellers visit the Great Wall every year.（改为被动语态）
As we all know, the Great Wall _________ _________ by many travellers every year.
40．（2022·上海市曹杨中学附属学校模拟预测）Nurses and doctors often give health advice to patients.（改为破动语态）
Health advice ________ often ________ to patients by nurses and doctors.
41．（2021·上海金山·一模）They name the world's first light-based quantum computer Jiuzhang(九章). (改为被动语态)
The world's first light-based quantum computer _________ _________ jiuzhang.