【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 6 课时3 Grammar 讲义

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Unit 6 When was it invented？Grammar一般过去时被动语态知识点01  概念及句型概念:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，主语是动作的承受者。
【句型剖析】1.肯定句:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
He was chosen to work for the village. 他被选上为这个村庄工作。
【即学即练】To celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China, a speech competition ________ in our school on July 23rd, 2021.A．holds B．held C．is held D．was held2.否定句:主语+was/ were + not+及物动词的过去分词十其他。
He wasn't chosen to work for the village. 他没有被选上为这个村庄工作。
【即学即练】—Did Jack come to your birthday party yesterday?—No, he ________.A．hasn’t invited B．didn’t inviteC．isn’t invited D．wasn’t invited3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No,主语+was/were + not.
—Was he chosen to work for the village? 他被选上为这个村庄工作了吗?
—Yes, he was./No, he wasn't. 是的,他被选上了。/不,他没被选上。
【即学即练】—___________ these computer ____________ in the USA?—-Yes, they were.A．Did; make B．Did; were made C．Were; made D．Are; make4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?
When was the picture taken? 这张照片是什么时候拍的?
【即学即练】When   ________   the People’s Republic of China   ________ ?A．was;found B．was;foundedC．did;found D．does;found知识点02  被动语态中助动词be的用法概念:被动语态中助动词be的用法【句型剖析】被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be在句中必须与主语的人称和数保持一致，且各种时态也体现在助动词be上。如：一般现在时用is / am / are +过去分词；一般过去时用was / were +过去分词；一般将来时用will+ be +过去分词；现在完成时用has / have + been +过去分词；过去完成时用had + been + 动词的过去分词；现在进行时用am / is / are + being +过去分词；过去进行时用was/were + being+过去分词等共十种时态。但没有完成进行时和将来进行时。有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。例如：1. Bruce writes a letter every week.（主动语态）A letter is written by Bruce every week.（被动语态）2. Tom broke the windows.（主动语态）The windows were broken by Tom.（被动语态）3. We have studied English for 3 years.（主动语态）English has been studied for 3 years.（被动语态）4. You must lock the door when you leave.（主动语态）The door must be locked when you leave.（被动语态）【即学即练】 1.Whenever you want to give up, just think about your family and friends, then you ________ to fight on.A．encourage B．are encouraged C．have encouraged 2.The rubbish ________ from the grass, and then the park was clean again.A．removed B．is removed C．was removed D．will be removed 3.A modem museum ________ in the town next year.A．is built B．was built C．will be built D．has been built 4.So far, new energy automobiles(汽车) ________ by more and more people in our city.A．will use B．will be used C．have used D．have been used知识点03  带双宾语的动词变被动语态【句型剖析】带双宾语的动词变被动语态带双宾语的动词，如give, send, buy, leave, lend, offer, pay, teach, tell, make, pass, sell, show, borrow等，变被动语态时，一般将间接宾语(指人) 变为被动语态的主语，把直接宾语(指物)保留下来，也可把直接宾语(指物)变为被动语态的主语，把间接宾语留在后面，但要在间接宾语前加介词to 或for，到底用to还是for，与前面所搭配的动词有关。1. Jack gave her some money.（主动语态）She was given some money by Jack.（被动语态）Some money was given to her by Jack.（被动语态）2. He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.3. My mother made me a big cake.I was made a big cake by my mother.A big cake was made for me by my mother. 【即学即练】1.ORBIS uses the plane as a teaching plane. (改为同义句)The plane is ________ ________ a teaching plane by ORBIS. 2.More and more people visit the old town with a long history every year. (改为被动语态) The old town with a long history ________ ________ by more and more people every year. 3.The teachers in the kindergarten created a song about the new year. （改为被动语态）A song about the new year ________ ________ by the teachers in the kindergarten. 4.The forest fire destroyed the whole village.(改为被动语态)The whole village ________ ________ by the forest fire.知识点04  接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动语态【句型剖析】接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动语态带不定式作宾语补足语的动词在改为被动语态时，其后的不定式一律不能省略to。特别是使役动词have, make以及感官动词see, watch, notice, look at, listen to, hear, feel, observe等后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动语态中不定式to要省略，但变为被动语态时，要加上省掉的to。例如：1. I saw Tom enter the room. Tom was seen to enter the room by me.2. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.【即学即练】 1.People will move the contents of Stephen Hawking’s office to the Science Museum in London.(改为被动语态)The contents of Stephen Hawking’s office will ______ ______ to the Science Museum in London.2. The volunteers sent some food to the elderly people living alone last night.（改为被动语态）Some food ________   ________ to the elderly people living alone by the volunteers last night.3.The doctor gave the old man some medicine for his cough.   (改为被动语态）Some medicine _______ _______ to the old man for his cough.4.Colette once chose Hepburn to act as a lead role in his work. （改为被动语态）Hepburn ________ once ________ to act as a lead role by Colette in his work.5.The detective deals with the cases carefully.(改为被动语态）The cases ________ ________ with carefully by the detective.考法01  不用被动语态的情况（一）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例如：1. Great changes have taken place here.2. The accident happened last week.（二）系动词如get, turn, seem, feel, sound, taste, look, feel等没有被动语态也不能用被动语态。例如：1. These oranges taste nice. 2. This shirt feels much softer than that one. （三）英语中有很多动词如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们形式上主动，含有被动意思，往往表示主语本身性质，而且主语应该是物。例如：1. This kind of cloth washes easily.2. This book reads well.（四）在need，want，require, 和 be worth等词的后面跟动名词形式，用主动形式表示被动。例如：1. The book is worth reading.2. The house needs repairing. (=The house needs to be repaired.)题组A  基础过关练1．（2020·北京·中考真题）The kite ________ in China more than 2000 years ago.A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented2．（2018·北京·中考真题）A new international airport       in the city next year.A．completes B．is completedC．will complete D．will be completed3．（2020·江苏南通·中考真题）As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.A．are raised B．were raised C．raised D．have raised4．（2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）It ________ 100 years since the Communist Party ________ .A．was; was founded B．has been; was foundedC．has been; founded D．was; founded5．（2021·江西·中考真题）The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ________ on TV and becomes very known.A．interviewed B．has interviewed C．was interviewed D．will be interviewed6．（2021·江苏苏州·中考真题）Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.A．are encouraged B．were encouraged C．have encouraged D．are encouraging7．（2020·天津·中考真题）That machine is broken. It ________ tomorrow.A．repaired B．was repaired C．will repair D．will be repaired8．（2020·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）My mother__________ reading books at home__________ invited to dinners at times.A．preferred; to being B．preferred to; rather thanC．preferred; than being D．preferred; to be9．（2020·河北·中考真题）Train tickets             online. It is convenient.A．sold B．were sold C．are sold D．have sold10．（2021·四川成都·中考真题）The Party’s 100th birthday ________ on July 1st this year in our country.A．will be celebrated B．has been celebrated C．will celebrate题组B  能力提升练11．（2020·山东济南·中考真题）They will announce the result of the singing competition this afternoon.（改写句子，句意不变）The result of the singing competition will ______ ______ by them this afternoon.12．（2021·上海·中考真题）Doctor Wu Mengchao saved a lot of patients’ lives.   （改为被动语态）A lot of patients’ lives ________ ________by Doctor Wu Mengchao.13．（2020·四川达州·中考真题）Chinese doctors saved many patients all over the world. （改为被动语态）Many patients all over the world _________ _________ by Chinese doctors.14．（2021·甘肃天水·中考真题）Finally, the police officer caught the thief. （改为被动语态）Finally, the thief __________ ___________ by the police officer.15．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）I heard a girl sing in the next room.(改为被动语态)A girl __________ heard _________ sing in the next room.16．（2020·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Did you give back your book to the library last Friday? (改为被动语态)______ your book ______ back to the library last Friday?17．（2020·甘肃金昌·中考真题）I've finished reading a book. The book was written by O·Henry.（合并为一句）I've finished reading a book__________written by O·Henry.18．（2020·甘肃天水·中考真题）We will solve the problem in two weeks. (改为被动语态)The problem will ________ by us in two weeks.19．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）He repaired the old bike last week. (改为被动语态)The old bike __________ _________ by him last week.20．（2018·贵州贵州·中考真题）His mother made a big cake for his birthday.(改为被动语态)A big cake _________ __________ by his mother for his birthday.题组C  培优拔尖练21．A self-driving car killed a woman as she walked her bicycle across a street.(改为被动语态）A woman   __________ __________by a self-driving car as she walked her bicycle across a street.22．2Doctor Seuss wrote many popular children’s books in the 20th century.( 改为被动语态)Many popular children’s books _______ _______ by Doctor Seuss in the 20th century.23．Our teacher warned us not to touch the chemicals in the lab. (改为被动语态)We__________ __________not to touch the chemicals in the lab.24．Farmers in that village grew different kinds of fruits for a living years ago.(改为被动语态)Different kinds of fruits_______ ________by farmers in that village for a living years ago.25．According to the instruction sign, we can't wash this coat in warm water (改为被动语态)According to the instruction sign, this coat can't________ ________ in warm water.26．People held the first Olympic Games to honour the Greek God, Zeus.(改为被动语态）The first Olympic Games_______ _______to honour the Greek God, Zeus.27． Does Jessie often sing these pop songs?(改成被动语态)__________these pop songs often_________by Jessie?28．The hospital provides the best medical care for the public all the time. (改成被动语态)The best medical care__________ __________ for the public by the hospital all the time.29．Lots of people respect the baseball player for his devotion（贡献）to charity work.（改为被动语态）The baseball player ________ ________ for his devotion to charity work.30．Stephen Hawking published A Brief History in Time in 1988.（改为被动语态）A Brief History in Time _________ _________in 1988.31．We should keep bananas in a cool place before they go bad. (改为被动语态)Bananas should ______ ______ in a cool place before they go bad.32．They wash the buses of the company twice a week.(改为被动语态)The buses of the company __________ __________ twice a day.33．The astronauts took moon rocks back to the Earth for further research. (改为被动语态)Moon rocks ________   ________ back to the Earth for further research by the astronauts.