【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 7 课时3 Grammar 讲义

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Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes Grammar含有情态动词的被动语态知识点01  定义与结构【语法详解】定义：含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为＂情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词＂情态动词指can, may, must, should等。►The flowers should be watered.应该给花浇水了。►Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头做成。►Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends.青少年应该被允许和朋友外出。结构：（1）肯定形式：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+by短语（by短语可省略）。（2）否定形式：主语+情态动词+not +be+及物动词的过去分词。（3）一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？►Waste paper should not be thrown here. 废纸不应该被扔在这里。►Must the trees be watered now? 这些树必须现在浇水吗？►Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗？【警示】如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常可省略。[来源句式结构例句肯定句主语＋情态动词＋be done(＋by＋宾语).The work should be finished by ten.这项工作应该在十点之前完成。否定句主语＋情态动词＋not＋be done (＋by＋宾语).Those books mustn't be taken out of the library.不准把那些书带出图书馆。一般疑问句情态动词＋主语＋be done(＋by＋宾语)？May these rooms be cleaned tomorrow？这些房间可以明天打扫吗？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋be done(＋by＋宾语)？When should these books be sent to the children in mountain areas？这些书应该什么时候送给山区的孩子们？【即学即练】—Today the environment is becoming worse and worse because the forests have almost gone.—People must ________ down too many trees.A．stop from cutting B．be stopped from cutting C．stop to cut D．be stopped to cut知识点02  含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换【语法详解】含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换含有情态动词的主动句变为被动句时，要把主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语；主动句中的谓语变为＂情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词＂；主动句中的主语变为介词by的宾语（如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常可省略）。主动句：She  must clean  her room  every day.主语     谓语      宾语 被动句：Her room  must be cleaned  (by her)   every day. 【即学即练】Students should make plans for their summer holidays. (改为被动语态)Plans should ________ ________ for students’ summer holidays.知识点03  情态动词【语法详解】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，只能和其他动词的原形构成谓语。
1.表示能力 can/couldcan 现在的能力; could是 can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力①I can speak a little Japanese. 我会说一点儿日语。②She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last month.上月她来我校时还不会说中文。2.表示许可和请求 can/could/may/might/mustn’tcan 正常 could 委婉，更礼貌(并非过去式)may 更正式 might 语气更委婉(并非过去式)She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？3.表示推测肯定推测：must>can>could>may>might否定推测：can’t (must反义)>may notHe must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）  He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）4.表示应该 should /had better1.should,应该 2.had better,最好 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。You’d better not smoke here because it smells bad. 你最好不要在这抽烟，因为很难闻。5.表示必须 must/have to1.用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。2.用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示将来时态的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。6.need用法1. 作情态动词肯定 need do 否定 needn’t do2. 作实意动词肯定：人+ need to do / need sb. to do / need sth.  物+need doingThe desk needs cleaning.=The desk needs to be cleaned.否定 don’t need【即学即练】—Do you have any plans for the summer vacation?—I’m not sure. I ________ work in the community as a volunteer.A．must B．can C．may D．should考法01  be done和get done 的区别be done和get done 的区别(1)现代英语特别是在口语和非正式的书面语中，常用“get done”I got caught in the heavy snow in the course of climbing Mount Tai.我在爬泰山的过程中遇上了大雪。(2)“be done”既可以表示动作，也可表示状态，但“get done”只能表示动作They have been married for years.他们结婚多年了。They got married last year.他们去年结的婚。(3)经过安排、考虑的动作用“be done”，出乎意料时用“get done”The old tower was built in 1796 and is now still in a good state.这座古老的塔是1796年建的，现在还完好无损。How did the painting get damaged?这幅画是怎么被损坏的？(4)“be done”表示单纯的被动意义，而“get done”结构可以暗示主语对动作的发生负有一定的责任，含有主动意味She was arranged to work in the cutting workshop.她被安排在切割车间工作。She got beaten whatever others might say.不管别人怎么说，她被打败了。(5)“get done”结构的执行者通常不指出How did the window get opened?窗户是怎么开的？（意味着：It should have been left shut.）(6)“get done”构成疑问句、否定句时必须借助于do的适当形式Did the painting work get finished?油漆的活做完了吗？考法02 不可转换为被动句的主动句
不可转换为被动句的主动句(1)主动句中谓语动词是表示状态的动词，如have, own, possess时，不能转换为被动语态。Have作为行为动词时通常也不用于被动语态[正]One should possess courage, determination and wisdom一个人应该拥有勇气、决心和智慧。[误] Courage, determination and wisdom should be possessed by one.(2)宾语的限制(a)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不能变被动句You should help each other whatever happens.不管发生了什么，你们都应当相互帮助。(b)当宾语是附属于主语身体的一部分时，没有被动形式，如若不是为主语所有，则可用被动形式He shook his head from time to time when questioned about his family.当问到他的家庭情况时，他不时地摇着头。My head was shaken by the doctor.我的头被医生摇了一下。(c)党宾语表示地点或处所时（junp/reach除外），不能变被动句She left Washington for Atlanta the other day.几天前她离开华盛顿去了亚特兰大。注意：jump, reach可以用于被动句。The fence was jumped by one horse after another.这个篱笆被一匹又一匹的马跨过去了。(d)宾语是动词的同源宾语时，不能变被动句She smiled a sweet smile at me.她冲我甜甜地笑了笑。(e)当宾语是不定式短语时，不能变被动句agree，decide, demand, desire等动词后用动词不定式（短语）作宾语，不可用it作形式主语转换为被动形式。[正l Most children desire to stay with their parents.大多数孩子希望和父母待在一起。[误]lt is desired by most children to stay with their parents.(f)宾语是动词的-ing形式时，不能变被动句 [正]John enloys /istening to rock and roll. 约翰喜欢听摇滚音乐。 [误]Listening to rock and roll is enjoyed by John.(g)当谓语动词和宾语组成一个不可分割的整体时（多为成语或惯用语），不能变被动语态 We Chinese always keep our word. (keep one's word意为“说话算数”，不可分开)我们中国人总是说话算数。注意：常见的不可变为被动语态的动词短语有：make up one's mind下定决心do one's best尽某人的最大努力keep guard看管make a face/faces做鬼脸take one's place就座（位）take place发生  lose heart灰心speak one's mind说出心里话change color变色lose one's heart痴心于change hands转手set up home成家(h)将来进行时和完成进行时的句子不能变为被动语态形式He will be doing his exercises at eight this evening.今晚8点他将正在做练习。The workers have been running the machines for three weeks.这些工人操作机器已3周了题组A  基础过关练1．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.A．discover B．be discovered C．have discovered D．be discovering2．（2021·贵州毕节·中考真题）No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all the problems can ________ in the end.A．solve B．be solved C．answer D．be answered3．（2021·广西贵港·中考真题）—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish?—Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.A．separates B．should separateC．was separated D．should be separated4．（2021·湖北襄阳·中考真题）—This math problem ________ in half an hour. —Don’t worry. Mr. Wang is good at math. He can make it.A．is working out B．would work out C．should be worked out D．has worked out5．（2021·湖北黄石·中考真题）—How long may I ________ your magazine?—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend6．（2021·四川达州·中考真题）— Why do some whales have to ________?— Because humans catch whales for meat, fat and oil. Some of them are ________.A．protect; dangerous B．protect; endangered C．be protected; dangerous D．be protected; endangered7．（2021·云南昆明·中考真题）A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they ________ to make their own decisions.A．should allow B．shouldn’t allowC．should be allowed D．shouldn’t be allowed8．（2020·广西贺州·中考真题）Your homework must be ________ this morning, or you can’t hand it in on time.A．finish B．finished C．finishes D．finishing9．（2020·贵州毕节·中考真题）The air pollution is very serious in our city. Something ________ about it now.A．can do B．must do C．was done D．must be done10．（2020·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—A new airport will be built in Tantou, Longhui. —Good news! But a lot of good farmland __________.A．will waste B．may be wasted C．has wasted题组B  能力提升练11．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）You must review your notes every day.Your notes must ________ ________ every day.12．（2020·山东济南·一模）We should do something to cut down the air pollution. （改写句子,句意不变）Something should________     ________to cut down the air pollution.13．You can use knives to cut bread. (保持原意) Knives can be ___________ cutting bread.14．（2022·上海虹口·二模）We must keep food in the refrigerator so that it doesn’t go bad easily. (改为被动语态)Food must ________   ________in the refrigerator so that it doesn’t go bad easily.15．（2022·上海浦东新·二模）We can share many things, such as bikes, cars and umbrellas.（改为被动语态）Many things can ________ ________, such as bikes, cars and umbrellas.16．（2022·上海徐汇·二模）We should teach our students some necessary living skills. (改为被动语态) Our students should ________ ________ some necessary living skills.17．（2022·上海·模拟预测）We must keep our classroom clean and tidy every day. (改为被动语态)Our classroom must ________ ________ clean and tidy every day.18．（2022·上海·一模）We must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分贝).（改成被动句）The noise must ________ ________ under 50 dbs.19．（2021·上海奉贤·二模）We mustn’t take off our masks when we are in public places. (改成被动语态)Our masks mustn’t ________ ________ off when we are in public places.20．（2021·上海浦东新·二模）The students should write all the answers on the answer sheet. (改为被动语态)All the answers should ________ ________ on the answer sheet by the students.21．（2021·上海徐汇·二模）Students must not carry mobile phones to school. （改为被动语态）Mobile phones must not ________ ________ to school by students.22．（2021·上海·模拟预测）We must keep the hand-made chocolate at a low temperature.（改为被动语态）The hand-made chocolate must ________ at a low temperature.23．（2020·山东济南·二模）Don't put off today's work for tomorrow. You should do it today.（改写句子，句意不变）Don't put off today's work for tomorrow. It should__________ __________today.24．（2020·山东济南·模拟预测）The government highly values environmental protection, so we shouldn't throw rubbish about. (改写句子,句意不变)Rubbish shouldn't ________   ________ about because environmental protection is highly valued by the government.25．（2021·上海·模拟预测）The government should not allow people to hunt wild animals for fun.（改为被动语态）Hunting wild animals for fun should not _______ _______.26．（2020·上海长宁·一模）You should give the pet dog enough food and water every day.(改为被动语态)The pet dog should__________ __________ enough food and water every day.27．Nobody can answer the question. (改为被动语态)The question ________ _________ answered by anybody.28．They can organize an English speech contest in two weeks.（改为被动语态）An English speech contest can ________ ________ by them in two weeks.29．You must finish the work on time. (改为被动语态)The work must _______   ________ on time.30．You needn’t do it now. (改为被动语态)It ________ ________ ________ by you now.题组C  培优拔尖练从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空，每个单词或短语仅用一次。success;   connect... to;   separate into;   look through;   be famous fortwelve;   push in;   enjoy oneself;   all one’s life;   chat with31．The 17-arch bridge was a long bridge ________ the southern shore of Kunming Lake ________ Nanhu Island in the Summer Palace.32．Kity lives on the ________ floor and we are neighbours.33．—How did you answer the questions correctly?—I ________ these questions quickly before answering them.34．The garbage should ________ different groups so that they can be recycled35．Tan Dun has ________ brought Chinese and Western music together.36．Kongwang Mountain ________ its ancient culture and beautiful views.37．—Where is your brother, Tom?— He ________ my father in the study about how to make a kite.38．Did you ________ at the party the day before yesterday, boys and girls?39．It’s not good manners ________ before others in public.40．Yuan Longping devoted most of his time to researching hybrid rice ________.从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空 (每个词或短语只能用一次)。change one’s mind; connect; ninety; break out; divide…into;try out for; careless; according to; remind… of…; get back41．It is reported that the high-speed railway ________ Lianyungang to Xuzhou will be in use in 2020.42．There are twelve boys and girls here. Can this birthday cake ________ so many pieces?43．If you can’t lose weight, you ________ your money.44．You had better choose your hobby ________ the time you have.45．The athlete __________ the competition for many times.46．Don’t worry. Since it is your choice no one can force you ________.47．When the war ________, many families lost their homes and families.48．The toy often ________ her ________ her pet dog.49．My grandfather still looks very energetic though he’s already in his ________.50．________ will be a disaster not only to doctors but also to patients.