【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 9 课时3 Grammar 讲义

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Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to.Grammar定语从句知识点01  概念及句型概念:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词，叫作先行词。从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，引导定语从句，同时又代替先行词，作定语从句的一个成分。【句型剖析】I like music that I can dance to.该句中that I can dance to是定语从句，music为先行词，that是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词music，that不能译为“那、那个”的意思，而是先行词music的意思，在定语从句中作宾语。如将该句分成两个句子，主句为I like music，从句还原成一个句子为I can dance to music。其中that代替了I can dance to music中的music，在定语从句中，that是关系词被放到从句最前面，起引导作用。整句译为：我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。注意：1、关系代词和关系副词不能译为它本身的意思。2、定语从句翻译时译在先行词前面，译为：“…的”。【即学即练】—At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their friends.—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like.A．which B．what C．who D．that知识点02  由关系代词引导的定语从句概念:关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。【句型剖析】常用的关系代词有：who（指人，作主语或宾语）；whom（指人，作宾语）；whose（通常指人或物，作定语）；which (指物，作主语或宾语)；that （指人或物时，作主语或宾语）。例如：1)、The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One.   正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。2）、He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday.   他就是我昨天见的那个人。3）、He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。4）、This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday.  这是他昨天买的钢笔。【即学即练】 —We are proud of the great changes ________ our country has had these years. —Yes, so many villages have taken on a new look.A．that B．what C．who D．where知识点03  关系代词的省略【句型剖析】关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如：1）、The man (that/whom/who) you know is a famous professor.  你认识的那人是一个知名教授。（中间的引导词that/whom/who可以省略，上面例句中第二句、第四句的引导词也可以省略）2）、This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。【即学即练】The people were very friendly to me. They met the people at the party.______________________________________知识点04  关系代词的位置【句型剖析】关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，视介词的位置而定。例如：1）、This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。（关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语，第一句with放在从句中动词的后面，前面关系词可用whom 、who 或that，第二句中with放在先行词和从句之间，只能用关系词可用whom。）2）、The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.  他曾经就读过的学校很出名。注意：1、若介词放在先行词与从句之间，即关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who，that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that，此时whom、which不能省略。 2、定语从句中谓语动词如果是“动词+介词”构成的短语动词，一般不把这样的介词提到关系代词前。例如：He has a little son (whom/that) he has to look after. (句中look after短语动词，after不能放在whom/that的前面，我们不能这样说：He has a little son after whom he has to look.)【即学即练】The pen ________ she writes letters is broken.A．that B．which C．with which知识点05  只用that作关系代词【句型剖析】只用that作关系代词的场合1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, none, all, the one等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。例如：1）、Tell us everything that you know, please.请告诉我你知道的事。2）、Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有我能为你做的事吗？3）、I’ve read all the books that you gave me.我已经读了你给我的所有的书。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。2、当先行词被序数词修饰时或被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：1）、This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.这是我看到过的最长的桥。2）、The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3、先行词既包括人又包括物。例如：1）、He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈论他曾经拜访过的老师和学校。2）、Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 你能记得我们学过的那个科学家和他的理论吗？4、先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句。例如：1）、He is the very person that the police are looking for.他是警察寻找的那个人。2）、This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这是我想买的那本好字典。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。例如：1）、Who is the man that came this morning?谁是今天早上来的人？2）、Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?最适合我的T恤是那件？【即学即练】— Do you like the novel?— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.A．who B．when C．that D．this知识点06  只用which作关系代词【句型剖析】只用which作关系代词的场合1、若介词放在先行词与从句之间，即关系代词前，指物时只可用which。例如：1）、The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.   我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。2、先行词为that, those时，引导词用which。例如：1）、What’s that which was put in the car? 放在车子里面的东西是什么？3、一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。例如：1）、Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.让我给你看看那本我刚刚从新开的图书馆借来的小说。【即学即练】—What kind of movies do you like?—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives  知识点07  只用who作关系代词【句型剖析】只用who作关系代词的场合1、在there be结构中，先行词是人时，只用who。例如：1）、There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人相见你。2、为了避免重复或引起歧义，有两个定语从句时，一个用that，另一个用who。例如：1）、The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.  那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。3、当先行词是I, you, he, they时（常用于谚语之中），只用who。例如：1）、He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火自焚。【即学即练】— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help?— We could help them with their study online on weekends.A．which B．whom C．whose D．who 知识点08  由关系副词引导的定语从句【句型剖析】由关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词有：when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语）；where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语）；why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。例如：1）、This is the city where I was born. 这是我出生的城市。2）、I still remember the day when I first came to this school.       我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。3）、Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.  请告诉我你误机的原因。【句型剖析】关系副词在意义上相当于一定的“介词+which”结构。例如：1）、Is this the reason why they came?Is this the reason for which they came? 这是他们为什么来的原因吗？2）、He left the day when I came.He left the day on which I came. 他在我来的那天离开的。3）、This is the house where I lived two years ago.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是两年前我住的房子。4）、His father died the year when he was born.His father died the year in which he was born.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。【即学即练】Sunday is a day ________ some people can go to the church with their families together in America.A．that B．who C．when   知识点09  关系代词与关系副词的选择【句型剖析】用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用。如果定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词，而其后又没有宾语，或从句中缺主语或表语，这时就用关系代词引导定语从句。如果定语从句的谓语动词是不及物动词，或已有了宾语、主语和表语等成分，就用关系副词引导这个定语从句。试比较：1）、This is the city where I was born.这是我出生的城市。This is the city (which/that) he has visited这是他参观过的城市。分析：第一句中从句主干完整，即I was born in the city. 缺地点状语，故用关系副词；第二句中从句谓语动词visited缺宾语，即He has visited the city，故用关系代词。2）、I don’t know the reason why she is late.我不知道她迟到的原因。That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows.这是每个人都知道的原因。3）、Do you still remember the day when he arrived? 你仍记得他们到达的日子吗？Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together? 你仍记得在一起度过的日子吗？【即学即练】The reason ________ he didn’t come was ________ he was ill.A．why; that B．that; why C．for that; that考法01  关系代词的选用
分类关系词所指代的先行词在从句中的成分  关系代词who人主语、宾语（可省略）whom人宾语（可省略）which物主语、宾语（可省略）that人或物主语、宾语（可省略）Whose（谁的=adj）whose后必须是名词人或物定语 关系副词when状语从句不缺成分时间状语where状语从句不缺成分地点状语why状语从句不缺成分原因状语典例：Is this university ________ your elder brother will choose this year?A．where B．that C．the one考法02  that与which的用法辨析that与which的用法辨析：（1）先行词指物时，只能用 that 而不用 which 的情况：情况例句先行词是all, little, much, none , few, something, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰He wants to invent something that won’t harm the environment．他想发明一些不会对环境有害的东西。先行词被 the same , the only , the very , the last , the one ( s )等修饰 The only sport that I do in my spare time is playing basketball.我空闲时间唯一会做的运动是打篮球。先行词既有人又有物I still remember the college and the teachers that I visited in London years ago．我仍然记得多年前我在伦敦参观的大学和拜访的老师。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰It is the most interesting movie that I have ever watched.这是我看过最有趣的电影。主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句Which is the book that you like best？哪本书是你最喜欢的？（2）先行词指物时，只能用 which 而不用 that 情况：情况例句先行词本身是 that 关系代词前有介词且指物时What’s that which is on the desk？桌子上的东西是什么？关系代词前有介词且指物时It’s a meaningful story from which you can learn the importance of confidence．这是一个有意义的故事，你可以从中学到自信的重要性。 引导非限制性定语从句The rice is grown in the fields together with fish, which helps to increase local agricultural products．水稻种植在养鱼的区域，这有助于增加当地的农产品。典例：At the beginning, I couldn’t understand everything ________ the characters said.A．that B．which C．what 题组A  基础过关练1．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever.A．which B．who C．what2．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.　　A．whom B．what C．who D．which3．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like, Linda?—I like music ________ I can dance to.A．when B．that C．what4．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）— Jeff, what are you watching?— A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply.A．who B．whom C．whose5．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.A．whom B．/ C．which D．who6．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like?—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives7．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—How exciting the speech is!—Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.A．which B．that C．who8．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Do you know the boy ________ is standing under the tree?A．who B．which C．where9．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）—Do you know the woman ________ is giving a lesson in space now? —Of course. She is Wang Yaping.A．which B．whom C．who10．（2022·吉林·中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting.A．which B．who C．what11．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.A．which B．that C．who12．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One.A．which B．who C．whose13．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.A．that B．which C．what14．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.A．who B．whom C．which15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher?—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our16．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.A．who B．whom C．which D．whose17．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best?— I like books ________ are about science and technology.A．who B．whom C．which18．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched19．（2022·四川成都·中考真题）Rome is an ancient city _______ is full of places of interest.A．where B．which C．who20．（2022·四川自贡·中考真题）—What do you think of the Monkey King?—I think he’s a hero ________ keeps fighting to help the weak people.A．who B．where C．whose题组B  能力提升练21．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—What kind of musicians does Victor like? —He likes musicians ___________ play different kinds of music.A．who B．which C．what22．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·二模）The unforgettable experience ________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.A．who B．whose C．which D．whom23．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—A news report said that an old man gave away 10,000 yuan to some kids in the poor village. —It was so moving! That was all his money ________ he got from selling waste.A．which B．when C．that24．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·一模）The boy ________ is playing soccer is the volunteer. He helped a lot.A．who B．whom C．whose D．which25．（2022·吉林长春·三模）The CD ________ my uncle bought for me as a birthday gift is my favorite.A．which B．who C．what D．whose26．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）— Avatar 2 is the movie ________ I’m waiting for.— Me, too. We’ll enjoy a 3D movie without glasses then.A．who B．what C．that27．（2022·吉林长春·二模）Many people here like this beautiful park ________ is full of colorful flowers.A．who B．where C．which D．what28．（2022·福建·莆田擢英中学模拟预测）Doctors and nurses wear a special kind of clothes _________ can protect themselves in the hospital.A．what B．who C．which29．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—I’ll remember all the stories ________ happened between our teachers and the students. —The memories of junior high school are wonderful to us all.A．what B．who C．that30．（2022·山西大同·二模）Wei Dongyi ________ has no more words and always walks fast is a famous math teacher in Peking University.A．who B．whom C．whose31．（2022·四川省成都市七中育才学校三模）Have you ever heard of Ma Long? He is my favorite sports star ________ has won many first prizes in table tennis competitions.A．which B．who C．whose32．（2022·四川达州·一模）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best?—I like the movies ________ make me learn more about the world.A．what; which B．what; what C．which; what D．which; where33．（2022·甘肃武威·模拟预测）Which of the following is RIGHT?A．There are three chair in the classroom. B．What does the weather be like tomorrow?C．I like music that I can dance. D．My cousin Yan Mei works hard at English.34．（2022·福建·莆田砺青中学一模）We all miss Wu Mengchao _______ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.A．who B．whose C．which35．（2022·福建厦门·二模）Su Bingtian is an excellent runner ________ set a new Asian record in Men’s 100 meters.A．where B．who C．which36．（2022·福建省福州屏东中学二模）Lan Tianye is a great artist ________ has been with Beijing People’s Art Theater since 1952.A．who B．which C．whose37．（2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）—Jenny, I talked back to my mother last night. What should I do?—You are supposed to say sorry. Parents are the people ________ love you ________ in the world.A．who; better B．who; most C．whom; better D．whom; most38．（2022·广西玉林·一模）—Do you know Zhang Guimei ________ was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”?—Yes, she created the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.A．which B．whose C．whom D．who39．（2022·湖北恩施·一模）—Have you found the information ________ you can use for the report?—Not yet. I’ll search for some online.A．who B．what C．which40．（2022·辽宁营口·一模）Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists ________ I respect a lot.A．why B．which C．what D．that题组C  培优拔尖练41．（2022·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）This is a book. Its cover (封面) is blue.（合并成复合句）This is a book ________ ________ is blue.42．（2022·新疆伊犁·二模）Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句)Lily returned the pen ________ I ________ her last Friday.43．（2022·甘肃·天水市麦积区教学研究室一模）Do you like the book? I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句）Do you like the book ________ I ________ for you yesterday?44．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The man is our math teacher. He is playing ping-pong over there.(合并为一句）The man ________ ________ playing ping-pong over there is our math teacher.45．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom’s brother. (把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句)_____________________________________________46．（2021·甘肃·平凉市崆峒区教育科学研究所一模）I know the boy. His mother is a doctor.(合并为一句)I know the boy ________ mother ________ a doctor.47．（2021·甘肃陇南·一模）This is the hall. We listened to the report in it yesterday.（合并为一句）This is the hall________ we________ to the report yesterday48．（2021·新疆·模拟预测）Bob loves the gift. His mother bought it for him on his eighteenth birthday. (合并为一句话)Bob loves the gift __________ his mother __________ for him on his eighteenth birthday.49．  I’ll never forget the lesson. The lesson has a huge influence on me. I’ll never forget the lesson ________ ________ a huge influence ________ me.50．  The building is a high school. It stands near the post office. The building ________ ________ near the post office ________ a high school.