【期中精准练】专题07：六选四（5套）+ 概要写作题（3套）-2022-2023学年高一下期中英语必考题型精准练（上海专用）

这是一份【期中精准练】专题07：六选四（5套）+ 概要写作题（3套）-2022-2023学年高一下期中英语必考题型精准练（上海专用），共17页。
专题07： 六选四（5套）+ 概要写作题（3套）

2022-2023学年高一下期中必考题型精准练



一、 六选四

第一套
（2022·上海·高一华师大二附中校考期中）Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? ____1____.
Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math, Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.
Based en their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.
Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. ____2____. It was like the pain they would feel, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.
However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.
Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “____3____.”
More interestingly the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks “____4____.” Lyons said.
Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.
A．This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation of math is painful
B．Researchers have developed a mind-reading device that can retrieve images from the person’s memory with the help of brain scans.
C．For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain.
D．Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain.
E．The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain.
F．Most students, especially girls, are extremely scared of math.

【答案】1．C    2．D    3．E    4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数学问题可以引发身体疼痛的一些研究。
1．根据前文“Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam？(解数学题会让你头疼吗？当你参加数学考试时，你会感到紧张吗)”，与C项“For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain(对大多数学生来说，数学可能很难，但科学家已经证明，数学问题实际上会引引发身体疼痛)”上下文一致，对于参加数学考试的学生来说，数学考试会让学生觉得紧张，科学家也发现数学问题实际上会引引发身体疼痛。故选C。
2．根据前文“When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. (当一个数学任务即将到来的时候，一个黄色的圆圈会出现，但是当一个单词任务即将到来的时候，一个蓝色的方块会出现)”与D项“Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. (使用脑部扫描机，科学家们注意到，每当第一组的人看到一个黄色的圆圈时，他们的大脑就会以类似于身体感到疼痛时的方式做出反应。)”上下文一致，科学家通过使用脑部扫描设备，发现每当第一组的人看到一个黄色圆圈时，他们的大脑会做出类似于身体感到疼痛时的反应，故选D。
3．根据前文“When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. (当你真的在思考数学题时，你的大脑在飞速运转，你在担心所有可能出错的事情，来自美国芝加哥大学的伊恩。Ian Lyons解释道，他是这项研究的负责人)”与E项“The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain. (一个人对数学任务的焦虑程度越高，他就越能激活与威胁检测相关的大脑区域，以及疼痛的体验。)”上下文一致，当你真的在思考数学题时，你的大脑在飞速运转，一个人对数学任务的焦虑程度越高，他就越能激活与威胁检测相关的大脑区域，以及疼痛的体验。故选E。
4．根据前文“More interestingly the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math task. (更有趣的是，当参与者真正开始处理数学任务时，他们的大脑活动消失了)”与A项“This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation of math is painful(这意味着，并不是数学本身让人痛苦，而是对数学的期待让人痛苦)”上下文一致，当参与者真正开始处理数学任务时，他们的大脑活动消失了，也就是说并不是数学本身让人痛苦，而是对数学的期待让人痛苦，故选A。

第二套
（2022·上海·高一复旦附中校考期中）Globalization has significantly influenced food consumption in most parts of the world, but one country whose food has a long history of being globalized is Italy. If you walk down any main street in any major world city, you will find at least one Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy has seen changes in its own eating habits due to influence from other countries.
Food has always been very important for Italian families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and preparation of food. Until recently, pasta——a basic Italian food——would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home.____5____
Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. people no longer spend so much time preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway Italian meals have become very popular in Italy. Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and sold relatively cheaply in the supermarkets. Ready-made pasta sauces are also increasingly popular—sales have doubled in the last five years, according to one manufacturer.____6____This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes.
These changes have both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians now have much more choice in terms of what they eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing and making food, unless of course they want to. In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties.____7____
____8____Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. While this extra choice is welcomed by some, others fear the damage it may cause to Italian traditions.
A．There is a difference between the food that people eat in the countryside and the food people eat in big cities.
B．Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common.
C．In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square.
D．Possibly the global popularity of Italian food will ensure that it survives.
E．Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods.
F．Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat.

【答案】5．C    6．E    7．B    8．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球化对意大利当地食品行业及意大利人日常饮食的影响及利弊。
5．上文“Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home.”（家家户户也在家里做酱汁，配着意面一起吃。）说明了受全球化影响之前，意大利人喜欢自己在家做食物。结合下文“Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed.”（然而，现在意大利人的饮食习惯似乎已经发生变化了。）说明全球化影响了意大利人的饮食习惯。说明空处仍然在描述全球化之前意大利的饮食习惯。C项“In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square.”（另外，人们接触国外食物的机会非常有限，因为在当地的城镇广场上只有披萨和意面。）说明了全球化前意大利人接触国外食物的机会很少，只能吃当地的食物，衔接恰当。故选C项。
6．下文“This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes.”（虽然一些小城镇也在经历相似的改变，但这种趋势在像罗马，米兰和威尼斯这样的城市更加普遍。）说明一种趋势在意大利变得流行起来，故空处需要指明这种趋势的具体内容。E项“Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods.”（意大利饮食习惯的另一个重要的改变是外国菜肴变得日益流行，尤其是印度菜，中国菜和日本菜。）衔接上文提到的一个变化，即意大利本土食物的商业化，说明了外国菜肴在意大利变得流行这一趋势，衔接恰当。故选E项。
7．上文“In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties.”（与之相反，有人认为大型连锁餐厅日益强大，破坏了地方和国家的特色食品。）说明一些人担忧全球化可能带来的弊端。B项“Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common.”（因此，许多意大利人担心随着外国食物变得更加普遍，他们正在丧失他们的民族意识。）进一步阐明了一些人担忧全球化可能带来的消极后果。故选B项。
8．下文“Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased.”（便利食品代替了许多传统的家庭食物，外国水果的供应也大大增加了。）说明了全球化对意大利的饮食习惯有重大的影响，与F项“Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat.”（全球化对意大利人的饮食习惯有重要的影响。）句意一致，衔接恰当。故选F项。

第三套
（2022·上海·高一校考期中）What time do schools typically start? It depends on where they are. Some schools start early — at 7 a.m. in Brazil. In France, schools start at 8. In Australia, schools open their doors an hour later, at 9 a.m. In the U.S., schedules vary, but many opening school bells ring before 8.
So is an earlier or a later start time better? For years, this has been debated. ____9____ They have long said that asking teens to show up to class before 8:00 a.m. isn’t good for their health or their report cards.
In recent years, 70 districts across the U.S. have also changed their hours. Supporters of this idea expect that more school districts will follow. One reason for the later start times is that people have mostly stopped debating the science that supports it.
In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a statement regarding school start times. Starting later isn’t the cure for all teen health and academic problems, the AAP said. ____10____ “Essentially, across the board, any area that you look at improves pretty dramatically” with later school start times, said an expert. In fact, research from countries around the world confirms that adolescents who get enough sleep are healthier overall. They also do better in school.
So why don’t teens — who need about nine hours of sleep each night — just go to bed earlier? Researcher Paul Kelley from the University of Oxford in England says that adolescents experience a change in their biological clocks. ____11____ Teens are also wired to wake up later in the morning. Therefore, Kelley says, early wake times can cause teens to be short on sleep.
So why don’t all high schools start later? The obstacles are often financial. In the U.S., public schools in St. Paul, Minnesota, delayed the adoption of later start times for all its high school students because of transportation issues. It would have cost St. Paul about $8 million to buy the additional buses needed, explained Jackie Statum Allen, assistant director for strategic planning and police. ____12____
A．But it can improve students’ lives in many ways.
B．Many are concerned that a later school day will cause problems.
C．Now, more U.S. school districts are beginning to take the advice of scientists.
D．As a result, they naturally fall asleep later at night than many parents would like.
E．It would be much better to put that money into the classroom rather than the gas tank.
F．Schools put a plan in place for a later start time after the district listened to parent feedback.

【答案】9．C    10．A    11．D    12．E

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了应不应该推迟学校上课时间的问题。
9．根据上文“So is an earlier or a later start time better? For years, this has been debated.(那么，是早一点出发好还是晚一点出发好？多年来，人们一直在争论这个问题)”以及后文“They have long said that asking teens to show up to class before 8:00 a.m. isn’t good for their health or their report cards.(他们一直说，要求青少年在早上8点前上课对他们的健康和成绩单都没有好处)”可知，此处应该会提到一些人的观点。故C选项“现在，越来越多的美国学区开始采纳科学家的建议。”符合语境，空后的They指代 C选项中的scientists，箜后这句话即是科学家的观点。故选C。
10．根据上文“In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a statement regarding school start times. Starting later isn’t the cure for all teen health and academic problems, the AAP said.(2014年，美国儿科学会发布了一份关于学校上课时间的声明。美国儿科学会表示，推迟上学并不能解决所有青少年的健康和学业问题)”以及后文““Essentially, across the board, any area that you look at improves pretty dramatically” with later school start times, said an expert. In fact, research from countries around the world confirms that adolescents who get enough sleep are healthier overall. They also do better in school.(一位专家说：“从本质上讲，随着学校上课时间的推迟，你所看到的任何领域都有了相当显著的改善。”事实上，来自世界各国的研究证实，睡眠充足的青少年总体上更健康。他们在学校的表现也更好)”可知，上文提到“推迟上学并不能解决所有青少年的健康和学业问题”，后文则提到推迟上课时间让青少年总体上更健康，他们在学校的表现也更好，说明推迟上课时间可以在很多方面改善学生的生活。故A选项“但它可以在很多方面改善学生的生活”符合语境，故选A。
11．根据上文“So why don’t teens — who need about nine hours of sleep each night — just go to bed earlier? Researcher Paul Kelley from the University of Oxford in England says that adolescents experience a change in their biological clocks.(那么，为什么青少年——他们每晚需要大约9个小时的睡眠——不早点睡觉呢？英国牛津大学的研究人员保罗·凯利说，青少年的生物钟会发生变化)”以及后文“Teens are also wired to wake up later in the morning. Therefore, Kelley says, early wake times can cause teens to be short on sleep.(青少年早上起床也很晚。因此，凯利说，早醒会导致青少年睡眠不足)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出青少年生物钟发生变化导致的结果：因此，他们晚上自然会比许多父母希望的更晚入睡。故D选项“因此，他们晚上自然会比许多父母希望的更晚入睡”符合语境，故选D。
12．根据上文“So why don’t all high schools start later? The obstacles are often financial. In the U.S., public schools in St. Paul, Minnesota, delayed the adoption of later start times for all its high school students because of transportation issues. It would have cost St. Paul about $8 million to buy the additional buses needed, explained Jackie Statum Allen, assistant director for strategic planning and police.(那么为什么不是所有的高中都推迟上课呢？障碍往往是经济方面的。在美国，明尼苏达州圣保罗的公立学校由于交通问题，推迟了所有高中生的晚上课时间。圣保罗负责战略规划和警察事务的助理主任杰基·斯塔姆·艾伦解释说，购买所需的额外巴士将花费约800万美元)”可知，上文提到了额外的巴士的花费，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明：把钱花在教室里比花在油箱上要好得多。故E选项“把钱花在教室里比花在油箱上要好得多”符合语境，故选E。

第四套
（2023秋·上海·高一上海市进才中学校考期末）What’s the relation between snore (打鼾) and obesity?
Many people like to snore while they are sleeping, not only men, but also women, and they are getting younger. So why do people snore when they sleep?
When people breathe, gas enters the body and passes through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx, all the way to the trachea and lungs. Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.
____13____ Snoring is not terrible, terrible is to play a few times after the sudden silence, not breathing the most terrible. If the air doesn’t get into the lungs, there’s a condition called sleep apnea, or sleep apnea. If the gas stays in your mouth or nose for more than 10 seconds, you’re basically suffering from sleep apnea. However, don’t worry too much.
So, how can you prevent snoring? There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed. ____14____ A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding. When a lot of young people are not fat, they do not snore. But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur. ____15____
What’s more, people should give up bad habits in their daily life. For example, heavy drinking can make snoring worse. ____16____ Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity (鼻腔): many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.
A．So you should exercise more and control your weight.
B．Well, that is not actually the case.
C．However, these methods have little effect.
D．In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.
E．In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.
F．Sleeping on your back can also make you snore.

【答案】13．E    14．C    15．A    16．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了打鼾的原理以及如何预防打鼾的方法。
13．上文“Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.”（打呼噜的响声是气体经过一个比较狭窄的通道，从而产生强烈气流变化，振动所导致的声音。）介绍打鼾的原理。结合选项E项In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.（事实上，如果这条通道的任何一个地方很窄，就会有打呼噜的声音。）为同样介绍打鼾的原理，和上文内容相关，为上文内容的补充，E项中的this passage呼应上文的a narrow passage。故选E项。
14．上文“There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed.”（有很多流行的治疗打鼾的方法，比如睡前喝胡椒水和使用漱口水。）提到治疗打鼾的方法。下文“A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding.”（大量案例表明，肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素，体重增加是导致打鼾甚至憋气的重要原因。）说明肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素。C项However, these methods have little effect.（然而，这些方法收效甚微。）可知，是对上文内容的递进，此句these methods指的就是上文提到的那些方法，引出下文对打鼾的原因的进一步解释。故选C项。
15．根据上文“But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur.”（但体重增加后，这种现象可能会发生。）讲的是体重增加后就会出现打鼾。故可推断空格处会讲关于控制体重的内容。结合选项A项So you should exercise more and control your weight.（所以你应该多锻炼，控制体重。）符合此推断，和上文形成因果关系，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
16．根据下文“Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity : many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.”（很多案例表明，患者在清洗鼻腔后确实有很多好处:很多轻度过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎患者通过冲洗鼻腔，病情有了明显改善。）可知，通过案列表明清洗鼻腔的重要性。故可推断空格处内容也与此相关。结合选项D项In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.（此外，还要注意鼻腔清洁。）和下文内容一致，下文是对空格处内容的解释说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。

第五套
（2023秋·上海·高一上海市第四中学校考期末）People can be addicted to different things -- e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i.e. they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to the psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. ____17____. This compulsion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.
There is a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. ____18____. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, the experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason and the real reason.
It is not only the scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also the business people. ____19____. They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
____20____. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
A．Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business.
B．Recognize and change the spending habits that can cause you to be overloaded with debt.
C．Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things they don’t need just because they are cheap.
D．Psychologists can often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help individuals solve their personality problems.
E．They feel they must spend money.
F．Stop buying so much stuff and try to spend more money on experiences

【答案】17．E    18．C    19．A    20．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象，人们会对不同的东西上瘾。而根据心理学家的说法，许多人都是强迫性的消费者，并解释了原因。
17．根据空前“According to the psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders.(根据心理学家的说法，许多人都是强迫性的消费者。)”可知，很多人都是强迫性消费者；而下文“This compulsion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. (这种冲动，像大多数其他冲动一样，是无法合理解释的。对于有消费冲动的人来说，记帐甚至比现金更令人兴奋。换句话说，强迫性消费者认为，有了信贷，他们可以做任何事情。他们在花费大量金钱时的快乐实际上比他们从购买东西中得到的快乐更大。)”则告诉我们，这类人享受花钱的快乐。选项E“They feel they must spend money. (他们觉得必须花钱。)”与上下文内容一致，也是说这些人要花钱，从花费金钱中获得快乐。故选E。
18．根据下文“They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning.(他们想相信他们在节约他们的预算，但他们实际上是在玩一场令人兴奋的游戏。当他们能以比别人更低的价格买到东西时，他们就会觉得自己赢了。)”可知，这类人追求的是便宜的东西。选项C“Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things they don’t need just because they are cheap. (然而，买便宜货的冲动消费者经常仅仅因为便宜就买他们不需要的东西。)”与下文内容一致，讲述的是这些人只是追求便宜。故选C。
19．根据空前“It is not only the scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also the business people. (当然，了解消费习惯心理的不仅是科学家，还有商人。)”可知，商人很了解人们的消费心理；而根据空后“They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods. (他们在广告和销售方法中考虑到人们对爱、权力或影响力的需求、以及他们的基本价值观、信仰和观点等等。)”可知，商人会利用心理学来做生意。选项A“Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. (商店、公司和广告商利用心理学来增加生意。)”承上启下，符合上下文句意，也是告诉读者商人会利用心理学做生意。故选A。
20．根据下文“In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.(以同样的方式，他们可以帮助那些觉得自己有金钱问题的人。)”中的“In the same way(以同样的方式)”可推断出，空处应该提到一种解决冲动消费的方法。选项D“Psychologists can often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help individuals solve their personality problems.(心理学家经常使用一种叫做“行为疗法”的方法来帮助人们解决他们的性格问题。)”中提到了“behavior therapy(行为疗法)”，与下文中的“the same way”相呼应，符合文意。故选D。



二、 概要写作题

第一套
（2021秋·上海·高一期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Walking Is Not Enough
All of us need to exercise. However, not everyone has the time or desire to join a gym. Everyone can walk, though! But how can a person with an inactive lifestyle walk for exercise? The key is to set an attainable goal. Just by doing daily chores, an inactive person probably already takes around two thousand steps per day. For exercise purpose, the aim should then be to walk more over time. A popular exercise goal for people these days is ten thousand steps per day.
Reaching a certain number of steps is not enough, however. Casual, slow walking does not really exercise the heart. It does not burn many calories, either. Health benefits result from at least thirty minutes of daily moderate-intensity exercise.
The intensity of a workout only needs to be enough to increase a person’s heart rate. Simply walking fast can do that. Keep in mind, though, that such fast walking needs to continue for at least ten minutes. Five minutes of fast walking six times a day will not benefits one’s health. Three 10-minute sessions can total thirty minutes per day. And that daily goal should be met five times per week.
Dr Vicki Harber is a researcher at the University of Alberta in Canada. She says, “People might not pay much attention to the pace or effort invested in taking those steps.” With a ten-thousand step daily target, Harber recommends that about one-third of those daily steps should be at a faster pace.
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【答案】Walking at a fast pace can increase a person’s heart rate and benefit one’s health. Ten thousand steps per day is OK. People need to pay attention to more than just the number of steps they take, though. Walk fast and aim for a workout of moderate intensity for at least thirty minutes five times per week.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，快走可以加快心率，对健康有益。每天走一万步就可以了。然而，人们需要注意的不仅仅是行走的步数。快走，以中等强度的锻炼为目标，每周至少锻炼五次，每次30分钟。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①A popular exercise goal for people these days is ten thousand steps per day. Casual, slow walking does not really exercise the heart. It does not burn many calories, either. Health benefits result from at least thirty minutes of daily moderate-intensity exercise.
②The intensity of a workout only needs to be enough to increase a person’s heart rate. Simply walking fast can do that.
③Three 10-minute sessions can total thirty minutes per day. And that daily goal should be met five times per week.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Walking at a fast pace can increase a person’s heart rate and benefit one’s health. Ten thousand steps per day is OK.
People need to pay attention to more than just the number of steps they take, though.
Walk fast and aim for a workout of moderate intensity for at least thirty minutes five times per week.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Walking at a fast pace can increase a person’s heart rate and benefit one’s health.运用动名词作主语对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] People need to pay attention to more than just the number of steps they take, though.运用省略that或者which引导的定语从句对第三段进行了概括。

第二套
（2021秋·上海·高一期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Richard Branson: Rags to Riches Richard Branson was not a good student. In fact, he quit school at the age of 16. That, however, did not stop him from becoming successful. Today, this billionaire is formally known as Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson. And he is one of the richest men in the United Kingdom. He is worth about US$4.6 billion. He even owns his own island.
After he left school, Richard started a magazine called Student. It was an overnight success. From there, he got involved in the record industry. He started a successful record store in London. After that, he started a record label called Virgin Records.
Clearly, music has been important to Richard’s success, but it is not the only thing he is involved in. He is the founder of the Virgin Group, which employs more than fifty thousand people and operates in fifty different countries. The groups is made up of hundreds of companies. Perhaps you have flown on a Virgin Airlines plane or bought music from a Virgin Megastore. If you dream of space travel, Virgin Galactic might be able to one day make that dream a reality.
The key to Sir Richard Branson’s success has been his ability to connect with people. He may not have gotten the best grades in school, but he is a charming and likeable businessman. Sir Richard’s story is unusual, but it provides hope to people all over the world. From average beginnings to great success, his story is truly one of “rags to riches.”
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【答案】Though Richard Branson had little school education, his first business was a magazine that became an overnight success. After that, he started a record store and then a record label. In fact, he owns the Virgin Group, which is made up of hundreds of companies that operate in fifty different countries. Branson’s story provides hope to people all over the world.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是理查德·布兰森虽然16岁就辍学了。然而，这并没有阻止他走向成功，他离开学校后创办了一本名为《学生》的杂志，一夜成名，在那之后，他创办了一家名为维珍唱片的唱片公司，后来还成立了Virgin Group，他成功的关键在于他与人沟通的能力。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In fact, he quit school at the age of 16.
②After he left school, Richard started a magazine called Student. It was an overnight success.
③After that, he started a record label called Virgin Records.
④He is the founder of the Virgin Group, which employs more than fifty thousand people and operates in fifty different countries. The groups is made up of hundreds of companies. Sir Richard’s story is unusual, but it provides hope to people all over the world.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Though Richard Branson had little school education, his first business was a magazine that became an overnight success.
After that, he started a record store and then a record label.
In fact, he owns the Virgin Group, which is made up of hundreds of companies that operate in fifty different countries.
Branson’s story provides hope to people all over the world.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Though Richard Branson had little school education, his first business was a magazine that became an overnight success.运用一个though引导的让步状语从句和that引导的定语从句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中though引导的让步状语从句、that引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]In fact, he owns the Virgin Group, which is made up of hundreds of companies that operate in fifty different countries. 运用which引导非限制性定语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。

第三套
（2021秋·上海徐汇·高一上海中学校考期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again.
The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems.
The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes.
But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly.
Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control.
They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise.
For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos.
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【答案】People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。根据刚制定的规则电动车因为安全问题不能在北京的道路上行驶，但由于在某些方面电动车有一定优势，所以可能不会那么快从道路上消失。
【详解】本篇要求考生写一篇总结，通过阅读文章我们可以从三个方面进行总结：1.根据法规电动车自9月5日起不能在北京道路上行驶；2.禁止电动车上路行驶的主要原因：刹车不达标，超速，威胁司机和行人；3. 由于电动车有一定优势，可能短时间内不会立即从路上消失。综上，故本文可总结为：People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly.